WO2000078484A1 - Article forme d'une matiere refractaire a liaison de carbone - Google Patents

Article forme d'une matiere refractaire a liaison de carbone Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000078484A1
WO2000078484A1 PCT/GB2000/002194 GB0002194W WO0078484A1 WO 2000078484 A1 WO2000078484 A1 WO 2000078484A1 GB 0002194 W GB0002194 W GB 0002194W WO 0078484 A1 WO0078484 A1 WO 0078484A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
surface layer
carbon
article according
glaze
porous surface
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2000/002194
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Robert Scott Chadwick
Norman Rogers
Gerald Nitzl
Mark Payne
Original Assignee
Foseco International Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB9914497.4A external-priority patent/GB9914497D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB9928350.9A external-priority patent/GB9928350D0/en
Application filed by Foseco International Limited filed Critical Foseco International Limited
Priority to AU55427/00A priority Critical patent/AU5542700A/en
Publication of WO2000078484A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000078484A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/14—Closures
    • B22D41/16—Closures stopper-rod type, i.e. a stopper-rod being positioned downwardly through the vessel and the metal therein, for selective registry with the pouring opening
    • B22D41/18—Stopper-rods therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/14—Closures
    • B22D41/22—Closures sliding-gate type, i.e. having a fixed plate and a movable plate in sliding contact with each other for selective registry of their openings
    • B22D41/28—Plates therefor
    • B22D41/30—Manufacturing or repairing thereof
    • B22D41/32—Manufacturing or repairing thereof characterised by the materials used therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
    • B22D41/52—Manufacturing or repairing thereof
    • B22D41/54—Manufacturing or repairing thereof characterised by the materials used therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/5022—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with vitreous materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/52—Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
    • C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
    • C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/86—Glazes; Cold glazes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
    • C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
    • C04B41/89—Coating or impregnation for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the handling and control of molten metal by means of articles formed from carbon-bonded refractory material
  • the invention is particularly applicable to the continuous casting of steel, and to carbon-bonded refractory articles such as submerged pouring nozzles (commonly referred to as submerged entry nozzles or "SEN's"), ladle shrouds, stopper rods and the like, which are used in the continuous casting process
  • United States Patent No 5,370,370 discloses a carbon-bonded refractory body, e g a submerged entry nozzle, having a metal contacting surface resistant to alumina build-up, the surface consisting of a carbon-free, oxidized zone formed in the surface and a carbon-free refractory material infiltrated into the carbon-free oxidized zone
  • the carbon-free refractory material is preferably alumina, silica, zirconia or SiAION
  • the submerged entry nozzle or other carbon-bonded refractory body is manufactured as follows The body is pressed with a teeming bore extending through it, and the exterior surfaces of the body are coated with a glaze forming frit The frit coated body is then fired in an oxidizing furnace atmosphere at a temperature of 1000°C for about two hours, thereby sintering and densifying the body The glazed surfaces are protected from the oxidizing atmosphere, but the surfaces of the internal bore are unprotected, giving rise to an oxidized
  • the purpose of forming an oxidized carbon-depleted zone in the bore of the nozzle or other body of US 5,370,370 and subsequently filling the created pores in this zone with the carbon-free refractory material, is to eliminate emissions of carbon monoxide gas from the bore, while retaining resistance to erosion and thermal shock by the molten steel flowing through the bore
  • the carbon is removed because it is thought that emission of carbon monoxide from the nozzle contributes to the deposition of alumina by the following reaction
  • the present invention provides an article for use with molten metal, comprising a body formed from carbon-bonded refractory material, a surface layer of the body being porous, characterised in that the porous surface layer has a coating of glaze
  • the porous surface layer of the body preferably comprises only part of the external surface of the body (By "external surface” is included surfaces of the body which define a bore or other internal cavity of the body )
  • the fact that a glaze coating on a porous surface layer can provide the advantages referred to above is extremely surprising, not least in view of the teaching of US 5,370,370 that it is necessary to fill the pores with replacement refractory material (preferably alumina) While not wishing to be bound by any particular theory as to the reasons for the efficacy of the invention, the inventors nonetheless believe that the glaze (or constituents thereof) may react (for example during pre-heating and/or during use) with constituents of the refractory material of the article to cause the precipitation of reaction products which provide a substantially impervious and erosion-resistant surface layer
  • the article according to the first aspect of the invention may, for example, comprise a nozzle or shroud for use in the casting of steel, the nozzle or shroud having a longitudinal bore
  • the porous surface layer preferably comprises at least part of the surface layer of the bore of the nozzle or shroud
  • substantially no surface of the nozzle or shroud other than the or each surface of the bore has a
  • the nozzle or shroud (or other article according to the invention) has a top surface (i e a surface which comprises the top surface during normal use) at least partially, preferably entirely, formed from the porous surface layer
  • the top surface of the article is preferably a "slide plate", i e a surface which in use forms part of a sliding plate mechanism for placing the article in its operating position and subsequently removing it (In a sliding plate mechanism, the slide plate of the article slides with respect to another slide plate of the mechanism with which it is in contact, the other slide plate may be fixed or it may itself be movable )
  • the article according to the first aspect of the invention may alternatively (for example) comprise a stopper rod for use in the casting of steel, the porous surface layer preferably comprising at least part of a nose portion of the stopper rod (By the "nose portion” is meant that portion of the stopper rod which is lowermost during use, and which cooperates with the outlet of a tundish or other vessel to control the flow of molten metal through the outlet )
  • the glaze coating permeates at least a portion of the porous surface layer
  • the amount of the glaze permeating the porous surface layer is preferably greatest at an outwardmost region of the layer and decreases with depth towards an inwardmost region of the layer
  • the glaze may generally comprise substantially any suitable vitreous substance or composition.
  • the glaze is preferably a high temperature glaze, i.e. it preferably has a melting point of at least 700 °C, more preferably at least 800 °C, even more preferably at least 1000 °C, especially at least 1200 °C.
  • the melting point of the glaze is preferably no greater than 1500 °C, more preferably no greater than 1450 °C, especially no greater than 1400 °C, for example about 1300 °C
  • the glaze may comprise one or more of: silicon, silicon carbide, silica, colloidal silica, and silicate. Silicon is preferably present in the amount of at least 10 weight %, more preferably at least 15 weight %, even more preferably at least 18 weight %; preferably the silicon is present in the amount no more than 40 weight %, more preferably no more than 35 weight %, even more preferably no more than 30 weight %, especially no more than 27 weight %, for example approximately 20 or 25 weight %.
  • Silicon carbide is preferably present in the amount of at least 2 weight %, more preferably at least 4 weight %, even more preferably at least 6 weight %; preferably the silicon carbide is present in the amount of no more than 10 weight %, more preferably no more than 9 weight %, for example approximately 8 weight %.
  • Silicate is preferably present in the amount of at least 2 weight %, more preferably at least 4 weight %, even more preferably at least 7 weight %; the silicate is preferably present in the amount of no more than 60 weight %, more preferably no more than 40 weight %, even more preferably no more than 30 weight %, especially no more than 25 weight %. All percentages are based on the total weight of the glaze.
  • the glaze preferably includes aluminium, more preferably in the form of aluminium phosphate.
  • the aluminium phosphate is preferably present in the amount of approximately 2 to 10 weight %, more preferably 3 to 8 weight %, for example approximately 5 weight %, based on the total weight of the glaze.
  • the glaze may include borax; in such embodiments, the borax is preferably present in the amount of at least 5 weight %, more preferably at least 8 weight %, even more preferably at least 12 weight %, preferably the borax is present in the amount of no more than 40 weight %, more preferably no more than 30 weight %, especially no more than 25 weight %
  • the clay may be included in the glaze composition, for example Bentonite Where present, the clay is preferably in the amount of at least 0 25 weight %, more preferably at least 0 50 weight %, the clay is preferably present in the amount of no more than 5 weight %, more preferably no more than 3 weight %
  • the porous surface layer is preferably carbon-depleted with respect to the remainder of the body of carbon-bonded refractory material At least a portion of the porous surface layer is preferably substantially carbon-free More preferably, the chemical composition of the porous surface layer is such that at least an inwardmost region of the layer includes carbon, and the proportion of carbon in the layer decreases towards an outwardmost region of the layer Most preferably, at least the outwardmost region of the porous surface layer is substantially carbon-free
  • the depth of the porous surface layer is preferably at least 0 2 mm, more preferably at least 0 4 mm, even more preferably at least 0 6 mm, especially at least 0 8 mm
  • the porous surface layer has a depth of preferably no greater than 5 0 mm, more preferably no greater than 4 0 mm, even more preferably no greater than 3 0 mm, especially no greater than 2 0 mm, for example about 1 0 mm
  • the porous surface layer is preferably substantially carbon free to a depth of at least 0 2 mm, more preferably at least 0 4 mm, it may, for example, be substantially carbon free to about half of the depth of the entire porous surface layer
  • the carbon-bonded refractory material preferably comprises one or more metal oxides, e g alumina, magnesia and/or zirconia, it preferably further comprises graphite
  • the carbon bond is preferably formed by means of resin or pitch which is decomposed during firing It was mentioned above that some embodiments of the invention include a slide plate surface which is at least partially (preferably entirely) formed from the porous surface layer
  • the present inventors have found that conventional slide plates formed from carbon bonded refractory materials may sometimes become weakened due to loss of carbon during pre-heating or during use
  • the inventors have found that, by using the carbon-depleted porous surface layer of the invention for the surface of the slide plate, the slide plate is provided with a hard wearing surface which does not become weakened during pre-heat or during use because carbon loss is not an issue In a sense, the carbon is "pre-depleted", thereby avoiding carbon loss during use which would weaken the material
  • the invention provides a method of making an article according to the first aspect of the invention, comprising
  • the oxidative firing step is preferably earned out in air or an alternative oxygen-containing atmosphere
  • the temperature of oxidative firing is preferably in the range 700 -1100 °C, more preferably 800 - 1000 °C, and most preferably the peak temperature is approximately 900 °C
  • the duration of oxidative firing is preferably at least 20 minutes, more preferably at least 30 minutes
  • the oxidative firing step is completed after no more than 1 hour, more preferably no more than 50 minutes, for example about 40 minutes
  • the glaze coating step preferably comprises dip-coating, but other coating methods, for example spraying or painting, may be used
  • the method of the invention preferably further comprises the step of firing the body of carbon-bonded refractory material in a non-oxidising atmosphere (i e "non-oxidative firing") prior to firing it in an oxidizing atmosphere
  • the non-oxidative firing may be carried out in an inert atmosphere, for example of nitrogen or argon gas, but it is preferably carried out in a reducing atmosphere, for example of carbon monoxide gas
  • the temperature of non-oxidative firing is preferably in the range 700 -1100 °C, more preferably 800 - 1000 °C, and most preferably the peak temperature is approximately 900 °C
  • the duration of non-oxidative firing is preferably at least 40 minutes, more preferably at least 50 minutes.
  • the non-oxidative firing step is completed after no more than 90 minutes, more preferably no more than 70 minutes, for example about 60 minutes
  • the glaze coating step may in fact comprise two or more coating steps.
  • two different glaze compositions are sequentially coated on the refractory article Examples of preferred glaze compositions are as follows
  • the method preferably further comprises the step, prior to the oxidative firing and subsequent to the non-oxidative firing (for embodiments of the invention in which this is carried out), of applying to part of the body of carbon-bonded refractory material a substance which prevents that part of the body being oxidised during the oxidative firing
  • a substance which prevents that part of the body being oxidised during the oxidative firing For example, for embodiments of the invention in which the article comprises a nozzle or shroud, all of the surfaces of the carbon-bonded body of the article except for all or part of the bore of the nozzle or shroud may be coated with the oxidation-preventing substance, in order to form the porous layer in the bore
  • the oxidation-preventing substance preferably comprises a glaze
  • the oxidation-preventing glaze is preferably different to that which coats the porous surface layer
  • the oxidation-preventing substance preferably includes Borax
  • Other preferred constituents include silicon and/or silicon carbide and/or aluminium phosphate
  • the article according to the invention may be formed from two or more different carbon bonded refractory materials
  • the part or parts of the article which have a porous surface layer according to the invention may be formed from a different carbon bonded refractory material to that of the remainder of the article
  • types or proportions of metal oxides e g alumina, magnesia and/or zirconia
  • the skilled person will be able to chose the appropriate materials for each particular application
  • the different carbon bonded refractory materials are preferably co-pressed during a conventional isostatic pressing process
  • Figure 1 shows a submerged entry shroud according to the invention
  • Figure 2 shows an alternative submerged entry shroud according to the invention
  • Figure 1 shows a submerged entry shroud 1 , comprising a body 3 formed from carbon-bonded refractory material 4
  • the body 3 has a longitudinal bore 5 extending from an open upper end 7 to a lower end 9 which is blind
  • the shroud has a conventional shape which is familiar to persons skilled in the art
  • the longitudinal bore 5, including the blind lower end 9, has a porous surface layer 15 which has a coating layer of glaze 17, in accordance with the invention
  • the entire body 3 of carbon-bonded refractory material has a coating of the glaze 17, since the glaze coating has been formed by dipping the entire body into a vat of the glaze, but only the part of the glaze coating on the porous surface layer is shown, for clarity
  • Figure 2 shows a submerged entry shroud 19 having a similar overall shape to that shown in Figure 1
  • the figure comprises complete (a) and partial (b) longitudinal cross-sectional views of the shroud, and a plan view (c) of the top of the shroud
  • the shroud is formed from three different carbon bonded refractory materials, identified by numerals 21 , 23 and 25
  • Materials 21 and 25 are conventional, material 21 being a standard carbon bonded refractory material conventionally used to form the body of a submerged entry shroud, and material 25 being a standard slag-resistant carbon bonded refractory material which is situated on the outer surface of the shroud in the region of the shroud which will be in contact with the slag line during use
  • Material 23 comprises a carbon bonded refractory material including a porous surface layer in accordance with the invention. This surface layer forms the slide plate surface of the shroud.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un article (1), par exemple une buse, une enveloppe de protection ou une fermeture à bouchon, s'utilisant avec un métal en fusion, en particulier de l'acier en fusion, comprenant un corps (3) formé d'une matière réfractaire (4) à liaison de carbone, et une couche de surface (15) poreuse possédant un revêtement de glaçure (17).
PCT/GB2000/002194 1999-06-22 2000-06-16 Article forme d'une matiere refractaire a liaison de carbone WO2000078484A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU55427/00A AU5542700A (en) 1999-06-22 2000-06-16 Article formed from carbon-bonded refractory material

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9914497.4A GB9914497D0 (en) 1999-06-22 1999-06-22 Article formed from carbon-bonded refractory material
GB9914497.4 1999-06-22
GBGB9928350.9A GB9928350D0 (en) 1999-12-01 1999-12-01 Article formed from carbon-bonded refractory material
GB9928350.9 1999-12-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000078484A1 true WO2000078484A1 (fr) 2000-12-28

Family

ID=26315689

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2000/002194 WO2000078484A1 (fr) 1999-06-22 2000-06-16 Article forme d'une matiere refractaire a liaison de carbone

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU5542700A (fr)
WO (1) WO2000078484A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004022267A1 (fr) * 2002-09-03 2004-03-18 Vesuvius Crucible Company Buse a gaz purge
WO2006007672A2 (fr) * 2004-07-20 2006-01-26 Vesuvius Crucible Company Tige d'arret pour l'apport de gaz dans un metal en fusion
ES2288332A1 (es) * 2004-09-02 2008-01-01 Mariano Poyatos Mora Nuevo material refractario provisto de revestimiento porcelanico, procedimiento para su preparacion y sus aplicaciones.
CN100457321C (zh) * 2007-04-30 2009-02-04 山东中齐耐火材料有限公司 连铸水口用非纤维系隔热涂层材料
WO2014140084A1 (fr) * 2013-03-14 2014-09-18 Vesuvius Crucible Company Revêtement à base de zircone pour éléments réfractaires et élément réfractaire comprenant un tel revêtement
WO2023118898A1 (fr) * 2021-12-23 2023-06-29 Prince Minerals Limited Revêtement réfractaire

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9254519B2 (en) * 2010-06-04 2016-02-09 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Composite material, part for continuous casting, continuous casting nozzle, continuous casting method, cast material, and magnesium alloy cast coil material

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0296981A2 (fr) * 1987-06-26 1988-12-28 Vesuvius Crucible Company Revêtement isolant pour corps réfractaires, procédé de revêtement et article associés
US5370370A (en) * 1993-02-19 1994-12-06 Vesuvius Crucible Company Liner for submerged entry nozzle
US5609961A (en) * 1994-03-16 1997-03-11 Aerospatiale Societe Nationale Industrielle Viam- Single-layer high temperature coating on a ceramic substrate and its production
US5681499A (en) * 1994-06-15 1997-10-28 Vesuvius Crucible Company Method and compositions for making refractory shapes having dense, carbon free surfaces and shapes made therefrom
US5691061A (en) * 1994-06-15 1997-11-25 Vesuvius Crucible Company Refractory shape having an external layer capable of forming a layer impermeable to gases and process for its preparation
US5714244A (en) * 1994-04-05 1998-02-03 Societe Europeenne De Propulsion Method for protecting a porous carbon-containing material from oxidation, and material obtained thereby

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0296981A2 (fr) * 1987-06-26 1988-12-28 Vesuvius Crucible Company Revêtement isolant pour corps réfractaires, procédé de revêtement et article associés
US5370370A (en) * 1993-02-19 1994-12-06 Vesuvius Crucible Company Liner for submerged entry nozzle
US5609961A (en) * 1994-03-16 1997-03-11 Aerospatiale Societe Nationale Industrielle Viam- Single-layer high temperature coating on a ceramic substrate and its production
US5714244A (en) * 1994-04-05 1998-02-03 Societe Europeenne De Propulsion Method for protecting a porous carbon-containing material from oxidation, and material obtained thereby
US5681499A (en) * 1994-06-15 1997-10-28 Vesuvius Crucible Company Method and compositions for making refractory shapes having dense, carbon free surfaces and shapes made therefrom
US5691061A (en) * 1994-06-15 1997-11-25 Vesuvius Crucible Company Refractory shape having an external layer capable of forming a layer impermeable to gases and process for its preparation

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004022267A1 (fr) * 2002-09-03 2004-03-18 Vesuvius Crucible Company Buse a gaz purge
WO2006007672A2 (fr) * 2004-07-20 2006-01-26 Vesuvius Crucible Company Tige d'arret pour l'apport de gaz dans un metal en fusion
WO2006007672A3 (fr) * 2004-07-20 2006-03-02 Vesuvius Crucible Co Tige d'arret pour l'apport de gaz dans un metal en fusion
ES2288332A1 (es) * 2004-09-02 2008-01-01 Mariano Poyatos Mora Nuevo material refractario provisto de revestimiento porcelanico, procedimiento para su preparacion y sus aplicaciones.
CN100457321C (zh) * 2007-04-30 2009-02-04 山东中齐耐火材料有限公司 连铸水口用非纤维系隔热涂层材料
WO2014140084A1 (fr) * 2013-03-14 2014-09-18 Vesuvius Crucible Company Revêtement à base de zircone pour éléments réfractaires et élément réfractaire comprenant un tel revêtement
CN105189807A (zh) * 2013-03-14 2015-12-23 维苏威坩埚公司 用于耐火元件的氧化锆基涂层以及包括这种涂层的耐火元件
WO2023118898A1 (fr) * 2021-12-23 2023-06-29 Prince Minerals Limited Revêtement réfractaire
GB2614299A (en) * 2021-12-23 2023-07-05 Prince Minerals Ltd Refractory coating

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Publication number Publication date
AU5542700A (en) 2001-01-09

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