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  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
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  • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

• the present invention relates to nonanoic acid derivatives, their synthesis, and their use as ⁇ v mteg ⁇ n receptor antagonists More particularly, the compounds of the present invention are antagonists of the integ ⁇ n receptors ⁇ v ⁇ 3, otv ⁇ 5, and ⁇ v integ ⁇ n receptors associated with other ⁇ -subumts, and are useful for inhibiting bone resorption, treating and preventing osteoporosis, and inhibiting vascular restenosis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, inflammation, inflammatory arth ⁇ tis, viral disease, cancer, and metastatic tumor growth.
• Integ ⁇ n receptors are heterodime ⁇ c transmembrane receptors through which cells attach and communicate with extracellular mat ⁇ ces and other cells.
• the compounds herein are useful for inhibiting bone resorption.
• Bone resorption is mediated by the action of cells known as osteoclasts.
• Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells of up to about 400 mm in diameter that resorb mineralized tissue, chiefly calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate, in vertebrates.
• Osteoclasts are actively motile cells that migrate along the surface of bone, and can bind to bone, secrete necessary acids and proteases, thereby causing the actual resorption of mineralized tissue from the bone More specifically, osteoclasts are believed to exist in at least two physiological states, namely, the secretory state and the migratory or motile state.
• osteoclasts are flat, attach to the bone mat ⁇ x via a tight attachment zone (sealing zone), become highly polarized, form a ruffled border, and secrete lysosomal enzymes and protons to resorb bone.
• the adhesion of osteoclasts to bone surfaces is an important initial step in bone resorption.
• the osteoclasts migrate across bone mat ⁇ x and do not take part in resorption until they again attach to bone.
• Integ ⁇ ns are involved in osteoclast attachment, activation and migration
• ⁇ v ⁇ 3 hgands can be used effectively to inhibit osteoclast mediated bone resorption in vivo in mammals
• the cu ⁇ ent major bone diseases of public concern are osteoporosis, hypercalcemia of malignancy, osteopenia due to bone metastases, pe ⁇ odontal disease, hype ⁇ arathyroidism, pe ⁇ articular erosions in rheumatoid arth ⁇ tis, Paget's disease, immobilization-induced osteopenia, and glucocor
• ⁇ v ⁇ 3 hgands have been found to be useful in treating and/or inhibiting restenosis (I e recu ⁇ ence of stenosis after co ⁇ ective surgery on the heart valve), atherosclerosis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, and angiogenesis (l e formation of new blood vessels), and inhibiting viral disease
• ⁇ v ⁇ 3 antagonists which inhibit angiogenesis can be useful in the treatment of cancer by inhibiting tumor growth (See, e g., Brooks et al., Cell, 79:1157-1164 (1994), which is inco ⁇ orated by reference herein in its entirety).
• ⁇ v ⁇ 3 antagonists which inhibit angiogenesis may represent a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of arth ⁇ tic disease, such as rheumatoid arth ⁇ tis (see CM. Storgard, et al , "Decreased angiogenesis and arth ⁇ tic disease m rabbits treated with an ⁇ v ⁇ 3 antagonist," J. Clin. Invest., 103: 47-54 (1999), which is inco ⁇ orated by reference herein its entirety).
• compounds of this invention can also inhibit neovascula ⁇ zation by acting as antagonists of the integ ⁇ n receptor, ⁇ v ⁇ 5.
• a monoclonal antibody for ⁇ v ⁇ 5 has been shown to inhibit VEGF-induced angiogenesis in rabbit cornea and the chick cho ⁇ oallantoic membrane model (See M.C.
• compounds that antagonize ⁇ v ⁇ 5 are useful for treating and preventing macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, viral disease, cancer, and metastatic tumor growth.
• compounds of the instant invention can inhibit angiogenesis and inflammation by acting as antagonists of ⁇ v integ ⁇ n receptors associated with other ⁇ subumts, suh as ⁇ v ⁇ and ⁇ v ⁇ 8.
• certain compounds of this invention antagonize both the ⁇ v ⁇ 3 and ⁇ v ⁇ 5 receptors
• These compounds refe ⁇ ed to as "dual ⁇ v ⁇ 3/ ⁇ v ⁇ 5 antagonists,” are useful for inhibiting bone reso ⁇ tion, treating and preventing osteoporosis, and inhibiting vascular restenosis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, inflammation, cancer, and metastatic tumor growth.
• Peptidyl as well as peptidomimetic antagonists of the ⁇ v ⁇ 3 integ ⁇ n receptor have been desc ⁇ bed both in the scientific and patent literature For example, reference is made to W.J.
• the ⁇ v ⁇ 3 integ ⁇ n receptor recognizes the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) t ⁇ peptide sequence in its cognate mat ⁇ x and cell surface glycoproteins (see J. Samanen, et al., "Vascular Indications for Integ ⁇ n ⁇ v Antagonists," Cu ⁇ .
• RGD Arg-Gly-Asp
• a benzazepme nucleus has been employed among others by Genentech and SmithKline Beecham as a conformationally constrained Gly-Asp mimetic to elaborate nonpeptide ⁇ v ⁇ 3 integ ⁇ n receptor antagonists substituted at the N-terminus with heterocychc arginme mimetics (see R.M. Keenan et al., "Discovery of Potent Nonpeptide Vitronectm Receptor ( ⁇ v ⁇ 3) Antagonists," J. Med. Chem. 40: 2289-2292 (1997); R.M.
• Keenan et al. "Benzimidazole De ⁇ vatives As Arginme Mimetics in 1,4-Benzod ⁇ azep ⁇ ne Nonpeptide Vitronectm Receptor ( ⁇ v ⁇ 3) Antagonists," Bioorg. Med Chem. Lett. 8: 3165-3170 (1998); and R.M. Keenan et al., "Discovery of an Imidazopy ⁇ dme- Containing 1,4-Benzod ⁇ azepme Nonpeptide Vitronectm Receptor ( ⁇ v ⁇ 3) Antagonist With Efficacy in a Restenosis Model," Bioorg. Med Chem. Lett.
• Patents assigned to SmithKline Beecham that disclose such benzazepme, as well as related benzodiazepine and benzocycloheptene, ⁇ v ⁇ 3 integ ⁇ n receptor antagonists include WO 96/00574, WO 96/00730, WO 96/06087, WO 96/26190, WO
• the present invention relates to novel compounds represented by structural formula (I):
• X is selected from the group consisting of
• Y is CH2; O; or NRl;
• each Rl is independently hydrogen or Ci-3 alkyl and each non-aromatic ring carbon atom is unsubstituted or independently substituted with one or two R2 substituents and each aromatic ring carbon atom is unsubstituted or independently substituted with one R2 substituent selected from the group consisting of
• aryl Ci-3 alkyl 1-2 amino, (aryl) 1 -2 amino, aryl-Ci-3 alkylsulfonylamino, and Ci- alkylsulfonylamino; or two R substituents, when on the same non-aromatic carbon atom, are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a carbonyl group, or two R2 substituents, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, join to form a 4- to 6-membered saturated or unsaturated carbocychc ⁇ ng,
• R3 and R5 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxy, or Ci-6 alkoxy
• R4 and R6 are each independently hydrogen or C 1-3 alkyl, or
• R3 and R4 taken together or R5 and R6 taken together are carbonyl oxygen, with the proviso that both R3 and R5 are not simultaneously hydrogen,
• aryl wherein the aryl group is selected from the group consisting of
• R8 is hydrogen or C ⁇ _3 alkyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the compounds of the present invention are useful as ⁇ v integrin receptor antagonists.
• the present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the present invention also relates to methods for making the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention.
• the present invention also relates to methods for eliciting an ⁇ v integ ⁇ n receptor antagonizing effect in a mammal in need thereof by administe ⁇ ng the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention.
• the present invention also relates to methods for inhibiting bone reso ⁇ tion. restenosis, atherosclerosis, inflammation, inflammatory arth ⁇ tis, viral disease, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, angiogenesis, cancer, and metastatic tumor growth by administe ⁇ ng the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention.
• the present invention also relates to methods for treating osteoporosis by administe ⁇ ng the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention
• the present invention is directed to novel nonanoic acid de ⁇ vatives desc ⁇ bed by the stmctural formula (I)
• X is selected from the group consisting of
• each Rl is independently hydrogen or Ci-3 alkyl and each non-aromatic ⁇ ng carbon atom is unsubstituted or independently substituted with one or two R2 substituents and each aromatic ⁇ ng carbon atom is unsubstituted or independently substituted with one R2 substituent selected from the group consisting of
• Ci-8 alkyl C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloheteroalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl-Ci-6 alkyl,
• R3 and R4 taken together or R5 and R6 taken together are carbonyl oxygen, with the proviso that both R3 and R5 are not simultaneously hydrogen;
• R8 is hydrogen or Ci-3 alkyl.
• One embodiment of the present invention is directed to compounds of structural formula (I),
• R7 IS aryl wherein the aryl group is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, py ⁇ dyl, quinolyl, py ⁇ midinyl, pyrazinyl, pyndazmyl, pyrazolyl, benzofuryl, dihydrobenzofuryl, and 3J-d ⁇ hydro-2H-l,4-d ⁇ oxa- 5-aza-naphthalenyl, wherein the aryl group is unsubstitued or substituted with one to two substituents as defined above, with the proviso that if X is 5,6,7, 8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthy ⁇ d ⁇ n-2-yl, R2 is hydrogen, and R7 is 6-subst ⁇ tuted-pynd ⁇ n-3-yl, then the 6-subst ⁇ tuent on the py ⁇ d ⁇ n-3-yl ⁇ ng is other than methoxy
• R7 IS quinolyl, py ⁇ dyl, or py ⁇ midinyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one to two substituents independently selected from halogen, phenyl, Ci-4 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, Ci-3 alkoxy, ammo, Ci-3 alkylamino, d ⁇ (C ⁇ _3) alkylamino, hydroxy, cyano, t ⁇ fluoromethyl, 1,1,1- t ⁇ fluoroethyl, t ⁇ fluoromethoxy, and t ⁇ fluoroethoxy, with the proviso that if X is 5,6,7, 8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthy ⁇ d ⁇ n-2-yl, R2 is hydrogen, and R7 IS 6-substituted- py ⁇ dm-3-yl, then the 6-subst ⁇ tuent on the py ⁇ dm-3-yl ⁇ ng is other
• R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, amino,
• R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, amino,
• Another class of this embodiment is directed to compounds of structural formula (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
• R3 is hydroxy and R5 is hydrogen or R5 is hydroxy and R3 is hydrogen, with the proviso that both R3 and R5 are not simultaneously hydrogen;
• R2 is hydrogen, Ci-4 alkyl, cyclopropyl, amino, Ci-3 alkylamino, or cyclopropylmethylamino;
• R7 is quinolyl, pyridyl, or pyrimidinyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one substituent selected from Ci-4 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, Ci-3 alkoxy, amino, C ⁇ _3 alkylamino, di(Ci-3) alkylamino, cyano, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy, with the proviso that if X is 5,6,7, 8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl, R2 is hydrogen, and
• R7 is 6-substituted-pyridin-3-yl, then the 6-substituent on the pyridin-3-yl ring is other than methoxy;
• R8 is hydrogen or Ci-3 alkyl.
• a second embodiment of the present invention is directed to compounds of structural formula (UJ),
• R7 is aryl wherein the aryl group is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, py ⁇ dyl, quinolyl, py ⁇ midinyl, pyrazmyl, py ⁇ dazmyl, pyrazolyl, benzofuryl, dihydrobenzofuryl, and 3,4-d ⁇ hydro-2H-l,4-d ⁇ oxa- 5-aza-naphthalenyl, wherein the aryl group is unsubstituted or substituted with one to two substituents as defined above, with the proviso that if X is 5,6,7, 8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthy ⁇ d ⁇ n-2-yl, R2 IS hydrogen, and R IS 6-substituted-pyndin-3-yl, then the 6-substituent on the py ⁇ dm-3-yl ⁇ ng
• R7 IS quinolyl, py ⁇ dyl, or py ⁇ midinyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one to two substituents independently selected from halogen, phenyl, Ci-4 alkyl, C3.6 cycloalkyl, Ci-3 alkoxy, amino, Ci-3 alkylamino, d ⁇ (C ⁇ _3) alkylamino, hydroxy, cyano, t ⁇ fluoromethyl, 1JJ- t ⁇ fluoroethyl, t ⁇ fluoromethoxy, and t ⁇ fluoroethoxy, with the proviso that if X is 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthy ⁇ d ⁇ n-2-yl, R2 ⁇ S hydrogen, and R7 IS 6-subst ⁇ tuted- py ⁇ d ⁇ n-3-yl, then the 6-substituent on the py ⁇ d ⁇ n-3-yl ⁇ ng
• R2 IS selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, ammo,
• Another class of this second embodiment is directed to compounds of structural formula (in),
• R2 IS hydrogen, Ci-4 alkyl, or cyclopropyl
• R7 IS quinolyl, py ⁇ dyl, or py ⁇ midinyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one substituent selected from Ci-4 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, Ci-3 alkoxy, amino, Ci-3 alkylamino, d ⁇ (Ci-3) alkylamino, cyano, trifluoromethyl, and t ⁇ fluoromethoxy, with the proviso that if X is 5,6,7, 8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthy ⁇ d ⁇ n-2-yl, R2 IS hydrogen, and R7 IS 6-subst ⁇ tuted-py ⁇ d ⁇ n-3-yl, then the 6-substituent on the py ⁇ d ⁇ n-3-yl ⁇ ng is other than methoxy; and R8 is hydrogen or C 1-3 alkyl.
• a third embodiment of the present invention is directed to compounds of structural formula (IN):
• R2, R7 ? and R8 are as defined above.
• R7 is aryl wherein the aryl group is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, pyridyl, quinolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazolyl, benzofuryl, dihydrobenzofuryl, and 3,4-dihydro-2H-l,4-dioxa- 5-aza-naphthalenyl, wherein the aryl group is unsubstituted or substituted with one to two substituents as defined above, with the proviso that if X is 5,6,7, 8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl, R2 is hydrogen, and R7 is 6-substituted-pyridin-3-yl, then the 6-substituent on the pyridin-3-yl ring is other than methoxy.
• R7 is quinolyl, pyridyl, or pyrimidinyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one to two substituents independently selected from halogen, phenyl, Ci-4 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, Ci-3 alkoxy, amino, Ci-3 alkylamino, di(Ci-3) alkylamino, hydroxy, cyano, trifluoromethyl, 1JJ- trifluoroethyl, trifluoromethoxy, and trifluoroethoxy, with the proviso that if X is 5,6,7, 8-tetrahydro- [l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl, R2 is hydrogen, and R7 is 6-substituted- pyridin-3-yl, then the 6-substituent on the pyridin-3-yl ring is other than methoxy.
• R2 is selected from the group consisting of
• R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, amino,
• Another class of this third embodiment is directed to compounds of structural formula (IV)
• R2 is hydrogen, Ci-4 alkyl, or cyclopropyl
• R7 is quinolyl, pyridyl, or pyrimidinyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one substituent selected from Ci-4 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, Ci-3 alkoxy, amino, Ci-3 alkylamino, di(C ⁇ _3) alkylamino, cyano, trifluoromethyl, or trifluoromethoxy, with the proviso that if X is 5,6,7, 8-tetrahydro[l,8]naphthyridin-2-yl, R is hydrogen, and R7 is 6-substituted-pyridin-3-yl, then the 6-substituent on the pyridin-3-yl ring is other than methoxy; and
• R8 is hydrogen or Ci-3 alkyl.
• Additional embodiments of the present invention are directed to compounds of formulae I-IN wherein R is hydrogen.
• Illustrative but nonlimiting examples of compounds of the present invention that are useful as ⁇ v integrin receptor antagonists are the following: 3-(Pynm ⁇ d ⁇ n-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[l,8]-naphthynd ⁇ n-2-yl)-nonano ⁇ c acid,
• salts of the compounds of this invention refer to non-toxic “pharmaceutically acceptable salts.”
• Other salts may, however, be useful in the preparation of the compounds according to the invention or of their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Salts encompassed within the term
• salts refer to non-toxic salts of the compounds of this invention which are generally prepared by reacting the free base with a suitable organic or inorganic acid.
• Representative salts include the following: acetate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bicarbonate, bisulfate, bitartrate, borate, bromide, calcium, camsylate, carbonate, chloride, clavulanate, citrate, dihydrochloride, edetate, edisylate, estolate, esylate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glutamate, glycollylarsanilate, hexylresorcmate, hydrabamme, hydrobromide, hydrochlo ⁇ de, hydroxynaphthoate, iodide, isothionate, lactate, lactobionate, laurate, malate, maleate, mandelate, mesylate, methylbromide, methylnitrate,
• the compounds of the present invention can have chiral centers and can thus occur as racemates, racemic mixtures, single enantiomers, diastereome ⁇ c mixtures, and individual diastereomers, with all isome ⁇ c forms being included in the present invention. Therefore, where a compound is chiral, the separate enantiomers or diastereomers, substantially free of the other, are included within the scope of the invention; further included are all mixtures of the two enantiomers.
• tautomers may exist with different points of attachment of hydrogen, refe ⁇ ed to as tautomers.
• Such an example may be a ketone and its enol form, known as keto-enol tautomers.
• keto-enol tautomers The individual tautomers as well as mixtures thereof are encompassed within the compounds of the present invention
• Compounds of the present invention may be separated into diastereoisome ⁇ c pairs of enantiomers by, for example, fractional crystallization from a suitable solvent, for example, methanol or ethyl acetate or a mixture thereof
• a suitable solvent for example, methanol or ethyl acetate or a mixture thereof
• the pair of enantiomers thus obtained may be separated into individual stereoisomers by conventional means, for example, by the use of an optically active acid as a resolving agent, or by HPLC using a chiral stationary phase
• any enantiomer of a compound of the present invention may be obtained by stereospecific synthesis using optically pure starting mate ⁇ als or reagents of known configuration.
• polymo ⁇ hs and hydrates of the compounds of the instant invention are also included within the scope of the invention.
• the present invention includes within its scope prodrugs of the compounds of this invention
• prodmgs will be functional de ⁇ vatives of the compounds of this invention which are readily convertible in vivo into the required compound
• the term "admiwel ⁇ ng” shall encompass the treatment of the va ⁇ ous conditions desc ⁇ bed with the compound specifically disclosed or with a compound which may not be specifically disclosed, but which converts to the specified compound in vivo after administration to the patient
• Conventional procedures for the selection and preparation of suitable prodrug de ⁇ vatives are desc ⁇ bed, for example, "Design of Prodrugs," ed H Bundgaard, Elsevier, 1985, which is inco ⁇ orated by reference herein in its entirety Metabolites of these compounds include active species produced upon introduction of compounds of this invention into the biological milieu
• the term "therapeutically effective amount” shall mean that amount of a drug or pharmaceutical agent that will elicit the biological or medical response of a tissue, system, animal or human that is being sought by a researcher or clinician The
• bone reso ⁇ tion refers to the process by which osteoclasts degrade bone
• alkyl shall mean straight or branched chain alkanes of one to ten total carbon atoms, or any number within this range (I e , methyl, ethyl, 1- propyl, 2-propyl, n-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, etc )
• alkenyl shall mean straight or branched chain alkenes of two to ten total carbon atoms, or any number within this range
• alkynyl shall mean straight or branched chain alkynes of two to ten total carbon atoms, or any number within this range
• cycloalkyl shall mean cyclic ⁇ ngs of alkanes of three to eight total carbon atoms, or any number within this range (I e , cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl or cyclooctyl)
• cycloheteroalkyl shall mean a 3- to 8- membered fully saturated heterocyclic ⁇ ng containing one or two heteroatoms chosen from N, O, or S.
• cycloheteroalkyl groups include, but are not limited to piperidinyl, py ⁇ olidinyl, azetidinyl, mo ⁇ holinyl, piperazinyl.
• alkoxy refers to straight or branched chain alkoxides of the number of carbon atoms specified (e.g., C1-.5 alkoxy), or any number within this range (i.e., methoxy, ethoxy, etc.).
• aryl refers to a monocyclic or bicyclic system comprising at least one aromatic ring, wherein the monocylic or bicyclic system contains 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms chosen from N, O, or S, and wherein the monocylic or bicylic system is either unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, C ⁇ _ alkyl, C3_8 cycloalkyl, aryl, aryl C1-.3 alkyl, amino, amino Ci-6 alkyl, C ⁇ _3 acylamino, C ⁇ _3 acylamino Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-6 alkylamino, Ci-6 alkylamino Ci-6 alkyl, di(C ⁇ _6) alkylamino, di(Ci-6) alkylamino-Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-4 alkoxy, C ⁇ _4 alkylthio, C ⁇ _4 alkyl sulfinyl, Ci-4 alkoxy, C ⁇ _4
• aryl examples include, but are not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, imidazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, quinazolyl, quinoxalyl, indolyl, thienyl, furyl, benzofuryl, dihydrobenzofuryl, benzothienyl, benzo(l,3)dioxolanyl, benzo(l,4)dioxanyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, and tetrazolyl, which are either unsubstituted or substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, Ci-8 alkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, aryl, aryl
• the aryl group is unsubstituted, mono-, di-, or tri- substituted with one to three of the above-named substituents; more preferably, the aryl group is unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted with one to two of the above- named substituents.
• alkyl or aryl or either of their prefix roots appears in a name of a substituent (e.g., aryl C ⁇ -8 alkyl), it shall be inte ⁇ reted as including those limitations given above for "alkyl” and “aryl " Designated numbers of carbon atoms (e g , Ci-8) shall refer independently to the number of carbon atoms in an alkyl or cyclic alkyl moiety or to the alkyl portion of a larger substituent in which alkyl appears as its prefix root.
• arylalkyl and “alkylaryl” include an alkyl portion where alkyl is as defined above and to include an aryl portion where aryl is as defined above
• arylalkyl include, but are not limited to, benzyl, fluorobenzyl, chlorobenzyl, phenylethyl, phenylpropyl, fluorophenylethyl, chlorophenylethyl, thienylmethyl, thienylethyl, and thienylpropyl
• alkylaryl include, but are not limited to, toluene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, methylpy ⁇ dme, ethylpy ⁇ dine, propylpy ⁇ d e and butylpy ⁇ d e.
• halogen shall include iodine, bromine, chlo ⁇ ne, and fluo ⁇ ne.
• oxy means an oxygen (O) atom.
• thio means a sulfur (S) atom.
• substituted shall be deemed to include multiple degrees of substitution by a named substitutent. Where multiple substituent moieties are disclosed or claimed, the substituted compound can be independently substituted by one or more of the disclosed or claimed substituent moieties, singly or plurally. By independently substituted, it is meant that the (two or more) substituents can be the same or different. Under standard nonmenclature used throughout this disclosure, the terminal portion of the designated side chain is desc ⁇ bed first, followed by the adjacent functionality toward the point of attachment. For example, a C ⁇ _5 alkylcarbonylam o Ci-6 alkyl substituent is equivalent to
• va ⁇ ous substituents i.e X, Rl, R2, R3 R4 R5 R6
• Representative compounds of the present invention typically display submicromolar affinity for the ⁇ v integ ⁇ n receptors, particularly the ⁇ v ⁇ 3 and ⁇ v ⁇ 5 receptors
• Compounds of this invention are therefore useful for treating mammals suffe ⁇ ng from a bone condition caused or mediated by increased bone reso ⁇ tion, who are need of such therapy.
• Pharmacologically effective amounts of the compounds, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are administered to the mammal, to inhibit the activity of mammalian osteoclasts
• the compounds of the present invention are administered m dosages effective to antagonize the ⁇ v ⁇ 3 receptor where such treatment is needed, as, for example, in the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis
• the ⁇ v integ ⁇ n receptor antagonizing effect is a dual ⁇ v ⁇ 3/ ⁇ v ⁇ 5 antagonizing effect. More particularly, the dual ⁇ v ⁇ 3/ ⁇ v ⁇ 5 antagonizing effect is selected from inhibition of: bone reso ⁇ tion, restenosis, angiogenesis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, inflammation, viral disease, cancer, and metastatic tumor growth.
• a pharmaceutical composition comp ⁇ sing any of the compounds desc ⁇ bed above and a pharmaceutically acceptable earner Another example of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition made by combining any of the compounds desc ⁇ bed above and a pharmaceutically acceptable earner
• Another illustration of the invention is a process for making a pharmaceutical composition comp ⁇ sing combining any of the compounds desc ⁇ bed above and a pharmaceutically acceptable earner
• the condition is selected from bone reso ⁇ tion, osteoporosis, restenosis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, inflammation, inflammatory arth ⁇ tis, viral disease, cancer, tumor growth, and metastasis More preferably, the condition is selected from osteoporosis and cancer Most preferably, the condition is osteoporosis.
• More specifically exemplifying the invention is a method of eliciting an integ ⁇ n antagonizing effect in a mammal in need thereof, comp ⁇ sing admmiste ⁇ ng to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of any of the compounds or any of the pharmaceutical compositions descnbed above.
• the mtegnn antagonizing effect is an ⁇ v ⁇ 3 antagonizing effect, more specifically, the ⁇ v ⁇ 3 antagonizing effect is selected from inhibition of bone reso ⁇ tion, inhibition of restenosis, inhibition of atherosclerosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, inhibition of diabetic retinopathy, inhibition of macular degeneration, inhibition of inflammation, inhibition of viral disease, and inhibition of cancer or metastatic tumor growth
• the ⁇ v ⁇ 3 antagonizing effect is inhibition of bone reso ⁇ tion.
• the mtegnn antagonizing effect is an ⁇ v ⁇ 5 antagonizing effect or a dual ⁇ v ⁇ 3/ ⁇ v ⁇ 5 antagonizing effect. Examples of ⁇ v ⁇ 5 antagonizing effects are inhibition of restenosis, atherosclerosis, angiogenesis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, inflammation, viral disease, and metastatic tumor growth
• Additional examples of the invention are methods of inhibiting bone reso ⁇ tion and of treating and/or preventing osteoporosis in a mammal in need thereof, comp ⁇ sing administe ⁇ ng to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of any of the compounds or any of the pharmaceutical compositions dec ⁇ bed above. Additional illustrations of the invention are methods of treating hypercalcemia of malignancy, osteopenia due to bone metastases, penodontal disease, hype ⁇ arathyroidism, pe ⁇ articular erosions in rheumatoid arthntis, Paget's disease, immobilization-induced osteopenia, and glucocorticoid treatment in a mammal in need thereof, comp ⁇ sing administe ⁇ ng to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of any of the compounds or any of the pharmaceutical compositions descnbed above.
• More particularly exemplifying the invention is the use of any of the compounds descnbed above in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of osteoporosis in a mammal in need thereof. Still further exemplifying the invention is the use of any of the compounds descnbed above in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of bone reso ⁇ tion, tumor growth, cancer, restenosis, atherosclerosis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, inflammation, inflammatory arthntis, viral disease, and/or angiogenesis.
• compositions further comp ⁇ sing an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of a) an organic bisphosphonate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, b) an estrogen receptor modulator, c) an androgen receptor modulator, d) a cytotoxic/antipro ferative agent, e) a mat ⁇ x metalloprote ase inhibitor, f) an inhibitor of epidermal-de ⁇ ved, fibroblast-de ⁇ ved, or platelet- den ved growth factors, g) an inhibitor of VEGF, h) an antibody to a growth factor or to a growth factor receptor, l) an inhibitor of Flk-1/KDR, Flt-1, TckT ⁇ e-2, or T ⁇ e-1, j) a cathepsm K inhibitor, k) a growth hormone secretagogue, 1) an inhibitor of osteoclast proton ATPase, m) an inhibitor of urokmase plasmmogen activator (u-PA), n
• the active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of a) an organic bisphosphonate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, b) an estrogen receptor modulator, c) an androgen receptor modulator, d) an inhibitor of osteoclast proton ATPase, e) an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, and f) a cathepsm K inhibitor; and mixtures thereof
• Nonhmiting examples of such bisphosphonates include alendronate, etidronate, pamidronate, nsedronate, ibandronate, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof.
• a particularly preferred bisphosphonate is alendronate, especially alendronate monosodium t ⁇ hydrate.
• Nonhmiting examples of estrogen receptor modulators include estrogen, progestenn, estradiol, droloxifene, raloxifene, and tamoxifene.
• Nonhmiting examples of cytotoxic/antiprohferative agents are taxol, vmc ⁇ stine, vmblastme, and doxorubicin.
• Cathepsm K formerly known as cathepsm O2
• cathepsm O2 is a cysteine protease and is desc ⁇ bed in PCT International Application Publication No. WO 96/13523, published May 9, 1996; U.S. Patent No. 5,501,969, issued March 3, 1996; and U.S. Patent No. 5,736,357, issued Ap ⁇ l 7, 1998, all of which are inco ⁇ orated by reference herein in their entirety.
• Cysteine proteases are linked to a number of disease conditions, such as tumor metastasis, inflammation, arth ⁇ tis, and bone remodeling. At acidic pH's, cathepsins can degrade type-I collagen. Cathepsm protease inhibitors can inhibit osteoclastic bone reso ⁇ tion by inhibiting the degradation of collagen fibers and are thus useful in the treatment of bone reso ⁇ tion diseases, such as osteoporosis.
• HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors known as the
• statins have been found to tngger the growth of new bone, replacing bone mass lost as a result of osteoporosis (see The Wall Street Journal, F ⁇ day, December 3, 1999, page B 1) Therefore, the statins hold promise for the treatment of bone reso ⁇ tion
• Nonhmiting examples of statins are lovastatin, simvastatm, atorvastatm, and pravastatin Evidence for a crucial role of the urok ase-urokinase receptor (u-PA- u-PAR) in angiogenesis, tumor invasion, inflammation, and matnx remodeling during wound healing and development has been presented [see Y.
• Activators of the peroxisome prohferator-activated receptor- ⁇ such as the thiazo dmediones (TZD's), inhibit osteoclast-hke cell formation and bone reso ⁇ tion in vitro Results reported by R Okazaki et al.
• Nonhmiting examples of PPAR ⁇ activators include trog tazone, pioghtazone, rosig tazone, and BRL 49653
• the present invention is also directed to combinations of the compounds of the present invention with one or more agents useful in the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis
• the compounds of the instant invention may be effectively administered in combination with effective amounts of other agents such as an organic bisphosphonate, an estrogen receptor modulator, an androgen receptor modulator, a growth hormone secretagogue, a cathepsm K inhibitor, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, a PPAR ⁇ activator, or an inhibitor of the osteoclast proton ATPase
• Additional illustrations of the invention are methods of treating tumor growth or metastasis in a mammal in need thereof, compnsing administe ⁇ ng to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound descnbed above and one or more agents known to be cytotoxic/antiprohferative.
• the compounds of the present invention can be administered m combination with radiation therapy for treating cancer and metastatic tumor growth.
• the mtegnn ⁇ v ⁇ 3 antagonist compounds of the present invention may be effectively administered in combination with a growth hormone secretagogue in the therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of disorders m calcium or phosphate metabolism and associated diseases.
• diseases include conditions which can benefit from a reduction in bone reso ⁇ tion.
• a reduction in bone reso ⁇ tion should improve the balance between reso ⁇ tion and formation, reduce bone loss or result in bone augmentation.
• a reduction in bone reso ⁇ tion can alleviate the pain associated with osteolytic lesions and reduce the incidence and/or growth of those lesions.
• osteoporosis including estrogen deficiency, immobilization, glucocorticoid-induced and senile
• osteodystrophy Paget's disease
• myositis ossificans Bechterew's disease
• malignant hypercalcemia metastatic bone disease
• penodontal disease cholelithiasis
• nephrohthiasis uro thiasis
• u ⁇ nary calculus hardening of the artenes (sclerosis), arth ⁇ tis, bursitis, neu ⁇ tis and tetany.
• prefe ⁇ ed combinations are simultaneous or alternating treatments of an ⁇ v ⁇ 3 receptor antagonist of the present invention and a growth hormone secretagogue, optionally including a third component comprising an organic bisphosphonate, preferably alendronate monosodium trihydrate.
• the individual components of the combination can be administered separately at different times during the course of therapy or concu ⁇ ently in divided or single combination forms.
• the instant invention is therefore to be understood as embracing all such regimes of simultaneous or alternating treatment, and the term "administering" is to be inte ⁇ reted accordingly. It will be understood that the scope of combinations of the compounds of this invention with other agents useful for treating integrin-mediated conditions includes in principle any combination with any pharmaceutical composition useful for treating osteoporosis.
• composition is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients in the specified amounts, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination of the specified ingredients in the specified amounts.
• the compounds of the present invention can be administered in such oral dosage forms as tablets, capsules (each of which includes sustained release or timed release formulations), pills, powders, granules, elixirs, tinctures, suspensions, symps and emulsions. Likewise, they may also be administered in intravenous (bolus or infusion), intraperitoneal, topical (e.g., ocular eyedrop), subcutaneous, intramuscular or transdermal (e.g., patch) form, all using forms well known to those of ordinary skill in the pharmaceutical arts. An effective but non-toxic amount of the compound desired can be employed as an ⁇ v ⁇ 3 antagonist.
• the dosage regimen utilizing the compounds of the present invention is selected in accordance with a variety of factors including type, species, age, weight, sex and medical condition of the patient; the severity of the condition to be treated; the route of administration; the renal and hepatic function of the patient; and the particular compound or salt thereof employed.
• An ordinarily skilled physician, veterinarian or clinician can readily determine and prescribe the effective amount of the drug required to prevent, counter or a ⁇ est the progress of the condition.
• Oral dosages of the present invention when used for the indicated effects, will range between about 0.01 mg per kg of body weight per day (mg/kg/day) to about 100 mg/kg/day, preferably 0.01 to 10 mg/kg/day, and most preferably 0J to 5.0 mg/kg/day.
• compositions are preferably provided in the form of tablets containing 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 25.0, 50.0, 100 and 500 milligrams of the active ingredient for the symptomatic adjustment of the dosage to the patient to be treated
• a medicament typically contains from about 0 01 mg to about 500 mg of the active ingredient, preferably, from about 1 mg to about 100 mg of active ingredient
• the most prefe ⁇ ed doses will range from about 0 1 to about 10 mg/kg/minute du ⁇ ng a constant rate infusion
• compounds of the present invention may be administered in a single daily dose, or the total daily dosage may be administered in divided doses of two, three or four times daily
• prefe ⁇ ed compounds for the present invention can be administered intranasal form via topical use of suitable mtranasal vehicles, or via transdermal routes, using those forms of transdermal skin patches well known to those of ordinary skill in the art
• the compounds herein descnbed in detail can form the active ingredient, and are typically administered in admixture with suitable pharmaceutical diluents, excipients or earners (collectively refe ⁇ ed to herein as 'earner' mate ⁇ als) suitably selected with respect to the intended form of administration, that is, oral tablets, capsules, elixirs, sy ps and the like, and consistent with conventional pharmaceutical practices
• suitable pharmaceutical diluents, excipients or earners collectively refe ⁇ ed to herein as 'earner' mate ⁇ als
• suitable pharmaceutical diluents, excipients or earners collectively refe ⁇ ed to herein as 'earner' mate ⁇ als
• suitable pharmaceutical diluents, excipients or earners collectively refe ⁇ ed to herein as 'earner' mate ⁇ als
• suitable pharmaceutical diluents, excipients or earners collectively refe ⁇ ed to herein as 'ear
• Compounds of the present invention may also be delivered by the use of monoclonal antibodies as individual earners to which the compound molecules are coupled
• the compounds of the present invention may also be coupled with soluble polymers as targetable dmg earners.
• Such polymers can include polyvinylpy ⁇ ohdone, pyran copolymer, polyhydroxypropylmethacrylamide-phenol, polyhydroxy-ethylaspartamide-phenol, or polyethyleneoxide-polylysine substituted with palmitoyl residues.
• the compounds of the present invention may be coupled to a class of biodegradable polymers useful in achieving controlled release of a drug, for example, polylactic acid, polyglycohc acid, copolymers of polylactic and polyglycohc acid, polyepsilon caprolactone, polyhydroxy butync acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals, polydihydropyrans, polycyanoacrylates and crosshnked or amphipathic block copolymers of hydrogels.
• a drug for example, polylactic acid, polyglycohc acid, copolymers of polylactic and polyglycohc acid, polyepsilon caprolactone, polyhydroxy butync acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals, polydihydropyrans, polycyanoacrylates and crosshnked or amphipathic block copolymers of hydrogels.
• va ⁇ ous reagent symbols and abbreviations have the following meanings:
• DIAD Dnsopropyl azodicarboxylate
• DIBAL-H Dnsobutylalummum hyd ⁇ de
• DIPEA D ⁇ sopropylethylamme
• PCA-HCl Pyrazole carboxamidine hydrochloride
• TMEDA N,N,N',N'-Tetramethylethylenediamine
• novel compounds of the present invention can be prepared according to the procedures of the following reaction Schemes and Examples, or modifications thereof, using readily available starting materials, reagents, and, where appropriate, conventional synthetic procedures. In these procedures, it is also possible to make use of variants which are themselves known to those of ordinary skill in the organic synthetic arts, but are not mentioned in greater detail.
• the C-5 and C-7 alcohol denvatives of the compounds of the present invention can be prepared by reduction of the co ⁇ esponding 5- and 7-keto intermediates, respectively, whose preparation is desc ⁇ bed in the Schemes and Examples below
• the reduction can be effected with a metal hyd ⁇ de, such as sodium or lithium borohyd ⁇ de, in a suitable solvent, such as methylene chlo ⁇ de, tetrahydrofuran, ethanol, or methanol
• Reduction of the keto group to generate the alcohol denvatives may also earned out an enantio- or diastereo-selective fashion using chiral reducing agents, such as (R)- or (S)-2-methyl-CBS-oxazaborohdme, in a suitable solvent, such as toluene, hexane, diethyl ether, methylene chlo ⁇ de, or tetrahydrofuran.
• chiral reducing agents such as (R)
• Step B 5-[l,81-Naphthy ⁇ d ⁇ n-2-yl-pentano ⁇ c acid methyl ester (1-4)
• ester A (silica gel, 80% ethyl acetate/hexane, then ethyl acetate) to give ester A as a white solid.
• Step C 5-(5,6.7,8-Tetrahydro-[1.8]naphthvnd ⁇ n-2-yl)-pentano ⁇ c acid methyl ester (1-5)
• Step D 2-Oxo-6-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroJl,8]-naphthyridin-2-yl)-hexyl- phosphonic acid dimethyl ester (1-6)
• Step E l-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-7-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-ri,81naphthyridin-2- yl)-hept-l-en-3-one (1-7)
• Step G 3(S or R)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahvdro- ri,81naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid ethyl ester (1-lOa)
• Step H 3(S or R)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6.7.8-tetrahvdro-
• Enantiomer 1-1 lb was obtained from l-8b utilizing the same methods described for the preparation of 1-l la above. Its 400 MHz NMR spectrum in CD3OD was identical to that of its enantiomer 1-l la. High resolution mass spectmm: calculated: 397.2234; found: 397.2232.
• Step B 3-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-prop-2-en-l-ol (2-3)
• Step C 3-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-pent-4-enoic acid ethyl ester (2-4)
• Step D 5-Hydroxy-3-(2-methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-pentanoic acid ethyl ester (2- 5 ⁇
• Step E 3-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-pentanoic acid ethyl ester (2-6)
• TLC Rf 0.24 (silica, 70/20/10 CHCl3/ ⁇ tOAc/MeOH).
• Step F 3-(5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-ri,81naphthyridin-2-yl)-acrylic acid ethyl ester
• Step G 3-(5.6,7,8-Tetrahvdro-[l,81naphthyridin-2-yl)-propionic acid ethyl ester (2-9)
• Step H r2-Oxo-4-(5.6.7.8-tetrahvdro-ri,81naphthyridin-2-yl)-butyll- phosphonic acid dimethyl ester (2-10)
• Step I 3-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-7-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- ri,8]naphthyridin-2-yl)-non-5-enoic acid ethyl ester (2-11)
• Step J 3-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-7-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahvdro-
• Step K 3-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)N-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahvdro-
• Step B Ethyl 5-(4-chloro-3-methyl-fl,81-naphthvnd ⁇ n-2-yl) pentanoate (3-3)
• Step C Ethyl 5-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[l,81-naphthynd ⁇ n-2-yl) pentanoate (3-4)
• Step D 3(R) and 3(S)-(2-Methylpynm ⁇ d ⁇ n-5-yl)-5-oxoN-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8- tetrahydro [1,81 naphthyndm-2-yl) nonanoic acid (3-5a and 3-5b)
• Step A N-(3-Formyl-pynd ⁇ n-2-yl)-2,2-d ⁇ methyl-prop ⁇ onam ⁇ de (4-2)
• Step B 3 -Cyclopropyl- [1,81 na ⁇ hthv ⁇ dm-2-ol (4-4)
• ester 3 prepared from cyclopropylacetic acid and methanolic HCl solution, 15 g, 131 mmol
• ester 3 prepared from cyclopropylacetic acid and methanolic HCl solution, 15 g, 131 mmol
• the reaction mixture was sti ⁇ ed for 30 min at -78°C.
• Aldehyde 4 ⁇ 2 (22.5 g, 109 mmol) in 40 mL THF was added.
• the reaction mixture was sti ⁇ ed at -78°C for 1 hr, then was warmed up to room temperature over 1 hr and quenched with 200 mL NF ⁇ Cl (sat.).
• the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (x3).
• Step D 5-(3-Cyclopropyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahvdro[l,81naphthyridin-2-yl)-pentanoic acid methyl ester (4-7).
• Step E 3(R) and 3(S)-(2-Methylpyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxo-9-(3-cvclo ⁇ ropyl- 5,6,7,8-tetrahvdro[l,81naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid (4-8a and 4-8b)
• the 2-methoxy-pyrimidine-5-carboxaldehyde (9-1) (Gupton, J.T.; Gall, J.E.; Riesinger, S.W.; Smith, S.Q.; Bevirt, K.M.; Sikorski, J.A.; Dahl, M.L.; Arnold, Z., J. Heterocyclic Chem. 1991, 28, 1281) was converted into keto-diesters 9-2 as per Scheme 1.
• Step A 2-Ouinoxalinecarboxaldehyde (10-2)
• ethyl 2-qumoxahnecarboxylate (10-1) (2.34 g, 11.6 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (22 mL) was cooled to -78°C
• This solution was treated with a 1 0 molar THF solution of lithium aluminum hyd ⁇ de (5.80 mL, 5.80 mmol) added over a pe ⁇ od of 6 mm
• the reaction was quenched with glacial acetic acid (1.30 mL, 22 71 mmol).
• the reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature and diluted with water (14 mL).
• Step B 3(R) and 3(S)-(Ou ⁇ noxalm-2-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7.8-tetrahvdro- [l,81naphthyndm-2-yl)-nonano ⁇ c acid ethyl esters (10-3a and 10-3b)
• Compound 10-3a and 10-3b were obtained from 2- qu oxahnecarboxaldehyde (10-2) utilizing the same methods descnbed in Scheme 1 for the preparation of 1-lOa and 1-lOb, except that resolution of the enantiomers was earned out by chiral chromatography at this stage.
• Step C 3(R) and 3(S)-(Ou ⁇ noxal ⁇ n-2-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-
• Step A 5-(5-Bromo-pyridin-2-yl)-pentanoic acid ethyl ester (11-2)
• Step B 2-But-3-enyl-isoindole-l,3-dione (11-5) To a sti ⁇ ed solution of 4-bromo-l-butene (11-3, 20 g, 148 mmol) in
• Step C 5- ⁇ 5-[4-(l,3-Dioxo-l,3-dihvdroJsoindol-2-yl)-butyll-pyridin-2-yl
• a sti ⁇ ed solution of 1L5 (4.23 g, 21 mmol) in degassed THF (20 mL) at 0°C was added dropwise a solution of 9-BBN (50.4 mL of 0.5 M in THF, 25.2 mmol) and the mixture stirred for 18 hours at ambient temperature.
• Step D 5-[5-(4-Am ⁇ no-butyl)-pynd ⁇ n-2-yll-pentano ⁇ c acid methylamide (11-7)
• Step E 5-(6,7,8.9-Tetrahvdro-5H-pyndo[2,3-blazepm-2-yl)-pentano ⁇ c acid methylamide (11-8)
• Step F 5-(6,7,8,9-Tetrahydro-5H-py ⁇ do[2,3-blazep ⁇ n-2-yl)-pentano ⁇ c acid ethyl ester (11-9)
• Step G 3(R) and 3(S)-(2-Methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)-5-oxoN-(6,7.8,9-tetrahydro- 5H-pyrido[2,3-blazepin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid (11-1 la and 11-1 lb)
• Step A 3(R) and 3(S)-(Benzofuran-6-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8-tetrahvdro-
• Step B 3(R) and 3(S)-(2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-6-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5.6,7,8- tetrahydro-[l,81naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid ethyl ester (13-3a and 13-3b)
• a mixture of 13-2a or 13-2b (0.4 g, 0.89 mmol) and 20% Pd(OH) 2 on charcoal (200 mg) in ethanol (20 mL) was sti ⁇ ed under a balloon of hydrogen for 18 hours, then filtered and concentrated to give 13-3a or 13-3b as a yellow oil.
• iH NMR 400 MHz, CDC1 3 ): ⁇ 7.08 (m, 2H), 6.67 (m, IH), 6.62 (s, IH), 6.29 (d,
• Step C 300 and 3(S)-(2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-6-yl)-5-oxo-9-(5,6,7,8- tetrahydro- l,81naphthyridin-2-yl)-nonanoic acid (134a and 13-4b) Utilizing the procedures for the conversion of 1-lOa into 1-l la, 13-3a and 13-3b were converted into 13-4a and 13-4b, respectively.
• Step A (6-Bromo-pyridin-2-yl)-(4-methoxy-benzyl)-amine (14-2)
• Step C 5-[6-(4-Methoxy-benzylamino)-pyridin-2-yll-pent-4-ynoic acid butyl ester (14-5)
• Step D 5-[6-(4-Methoxy-benzylamino)-pyridin-2-yll-pentanoic acid butyl ester
• Step E ⁇ 6-[6-(4-Methoxy-benzylamino)-pyridin-2-yll-2-oxo-hexyl ⁇ - phosphonic acid dimethyl ester (14-7)
• a solution of dimethyl methylphosphonate (2.48 g, 20 mmol) in anhydrous THF (30 mL) was cooled to -78° and treated dropwise with 2.5 M n-BuLi (8.0 mL). After stirring at -78° for 45 min, a solution of ester 14-6 (1.85 g, 5.0 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added dropwise and the resulting solution sti ⁇ ed for 30 min at -78°, quenched with sat.
• Step F 7-[6-(4-Methoxy-benzylamino)-pyridin-2-yll-l-pyrimidin-4-yl-hept-l- en-3-one (14-8)
• Step H 3(S or R)- 9-[6-(4-Methoxy-benzylam ⁇ no)-pynd ⁇ n-2-yll-5-oxo-3- pynm ⁇ d ⁇ n-5-yl-nonano ⁇ c acid ethyl ester (14- 10a)
• Step I 3(S or R)- 9- ⁇ 6-[(4-Methoxy-benzyl)-methyl-am ⁇ nol-pynd ⁇ n-2-yll-5- oxo-3-pynm ⁇ d ⁇ n-5-yl-nonano ⁇ c acid ethyl ester (14-1 la)
• Step J 3(S or R)- 9-(6-Methylam ⁇ no-py ⁇ d ⁇ n-2-yl)-5-oxo-3-(pynm ⁇ d ⁇ n-5-yl)- nonanoic acid ethyl ester (14-12a)
• 14-l la (0.140 g, 0.277 mmol)
• tnfluoroacetic acid 1 mL
• the solvent was evaporated and the residue was azeotroped (2 X 25 ml toluene).
• Pu ⁇ fication on silica gel (90: 10:1 CHCl 3 :MeOH:NH4OH) gave 14-12a.
• Step K 3(S or R)- 9-(6-Methylam ⁇ no-pynd ⁇ n-2-yl)-5-oxo-(3-pynm ⁇ dm-5-yl)- nonanoic acid (14-13a)
• Enantiomer 14-13b was obtained from 14-9b utilizing the same methods desc ⁇ bed for the preparation of 14-13a. Its 400 MHz NMR spectrum in CDCI3 was identical to that of its enantiomer 14-13a.
• Step A 1 -Dimethylphosphonate-2-oxo-hex-5-ene ( 15-2)
• Step B 1 -(2-Methylpyrimidin-5-yl)-3-oxo-hepta- 1 ,6-diene ( 15-3)
• Step D 3-(2-Methyl-py ⁇ m ⁇ d ⁇ n-5-yl)-5-oxo-non-8-eno ⁇ c acid ethyl ester (15-5)
• the diester 154 (11.2 g, 31.1 mmol) was dissolved in EtOH (100 mL) at room temperature.
• the mixture was concentrated in vacuo, dissolved in toluene (100 mL) and heated at reflux for 5 hours.
• Step E 9-(2,4-D ⁇ am ⁇ nopynm ⁇ dm-6-yl)-3-(2-methyl-pynm ⁇ d ⁇ n-5-yl)-5-oxo- nonanoic acid ethyl ester (15-6)
• the ester JN ⁇ 400 mg, 1 38 mmol
• 9-BBN 8.28 mL, 4 14 mmol, 0 5M in THF
• Step F 9-(24-D ⁇ ammopynm ⁇ d ⁇ n-6-yl)-3-(2-methyl-pynm ⁇ dm-5-yl)-5-oxo- nonanoic acid (15-7)
• Step B 5-[2-(4-methoxybenzylam ⁇ no)pyndm-6-yllpentano ⁇ c acid ethyl ester
• Step C 5-(2-Am ⁇ nopynd ⁇ n-6-yl)pentano ⁇ c acid ethyl ester (16-4)
• Step D 5-(2-Am ⁇ no-3,5-dnodopynd ⁇ n-6-yl)pentano ⁇ c acid ethyl ester (16-5)
• Step E 5-(2-Am ⁇ no-3,5-d ⁇ methylpynd ⁇ n-6-yl)pentano ⁇ c acid ethyl ester (16-6)
• Step F 6-(2-Am ⁇ no-3,5-d ⁇ methylpynd ⁇ n-6-yl)-l-d ⁇ methylphosphonate-hexan-
• Step G Step 7-(2-Am ⁇ no-3,5-d ⁇ methylpy ⁇ d ⁇ n-6-yl)-l-(2-methoxypynm ⁇ d ⁇ n-5- yl)-3-oxo-hept-l-ene (16-8)
• Step H 9-(2-Ammo-3,5-d ⁇ methylpynd ⁇ n-6-yI)-2-(carboethoxy)-3-(2- methoxypynm ⁇ d ⁇ n-5-yl)-5-oxo-nonano ⁇ c acid ethyl ester (16-9) Following the procedure for the synthesis of L8, but using 16-8 as starting mate ⁇ al, the title compound 16-9 was obtained as an oil.
• 1HNMR 300 MHz, CDCI3
• 4.2 m, 6H
• 4.04 q, 2H)
• Step I 9-(2-Am ⁇ no-3,5-d ⁇ methylpynd ⁇ n-6-yl)-3-(2-methoxypynm ⁇ d ⁇ n-5-yl)-5- oxo-nonanoic acid ethyl ester (16-10)
• Step J 9-(2-Am ⁇ no-3,5-d ⁇ methylpynd ⁇ n-6-yl)-3-(2-methoxypy ⁇ m ⁇ d ⁇ n-5-yl)-5- oxo-nonanoic acid (16-11)
• the entire reaction mixture was injected onto the HPLC for pu ⁇ fication [Vydac peptide-protein C-18 column, 4.6 x 250 mm, linear gradient of 10% acetonit ⁇ le (0.1% (TFA):H2 ⁇ (0.1% TFA) to 90% acetomtnle (0.1% TFA):H2 ⁇ (0.1% TFA) over 30 minutes, 1 mL/m ].
• the retention time of A-10 is 17 minutes under these conditions.
• Fractions containing the majo ⁇ ty of the radioactivity were pooled, lyophihzed and diluted with ethanol to give approximately 1 mCi of A-10, which coeluted on HPLC analysis with an authentic sample of A-8.
• a stir bar, methanol (0.05 mL) and an lodobead (Pierce) were added to a shipping vial of Na 125 I (10 mCi, Amersham, EVIS300) and sti ⁇ ed for five minutes at room temperature.
• a solution of B-4 (-0J mg) in methanol (0.04 mL) was made and a portion (0.02 mL) was added to a mixture of H 2 SO (0.005 mL) in methanol (0.025
• Analytical and preparative HPLC was earned out using a Waters 600E Powerl e Multi Solvent Delivery System with 0 1 mL heads with a Rheodyne 7125 injector and a Waters 990 Photodiode A ⁇ ay Detector with a Gilson FC203 Microfraction collector.
• analytical and preparative HPLC a Vydac peptide -protein C-18 column, 4.6 x 250 mm was used with a C-18 Brownlee modular guard column.
• the acetomtnle used for the HPLC analyses was Fisher Optima grade.
• the HPLC radiodetector used was a Beckman 170 Radioisotope detector.
• test procedures employed to measure ⁇ v ⁇ 3 and ⁇ v ⁇ 5 binding and the bone resorption inhibiting activity of the compounds of the present invention are descnbed below
• osteoclasts When osteoclasts engage in bone resorption, they can cause the formation of pits in the surface of bone that they are acting upon Therefore, when testing compounds for their ability to inhibit osteoclasts, it is useful to measure the ability of osteoclasts to excavate these reso ⁇ tion pits when the inhibiting compound is present
• Consecutive 200 micron thick cross sections from a 6 mm cylinder of bovine femur diaphysis are cut with a low speed diamond saw (Isomet, Beuler, Ltd., Lake Bluff, II). Bone slices are pooled, placed in a 10% ethanol solution and ref ⁇ gerated until further use.
• bovine bone slices are ultrasomcated twice, 20 minutes each in H2O. Cleaned slices are placed in 96 well plates such that two control lanes and one lane for each drug dosage are available. Each lane represents either t ⁇ phcate or quadruplicate cultures.
• the bone slices in 96 well plates are ste ⁇ hzed by UV madiation.
• P ⁇ or to incubation with osteoclasts the bone slices are hydrated by the addition of 0J ml ⁇ MEM, pH 6.9 containing 5% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin.
• a cell suspension consisting of 5 x l ⁇ 6/ml in ⁇ MEM containing 5% fetal bovine serum, 10 nM l,25(OH)2D3, and pencillin-streptomycin is prepared 200 ml a quots are added to bovine bone slices (200 mm x 6 mm) and incubated for 2 hrs at 37°C in a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere The medium is removed gently with a micropipettor and fresh medium containing test compounds is added. The cultures are incubated for 48 hrs., and assayed for c-telopeptide (fragments of the al chain of type I collagen) by Crosslaps for culture media (Herlev, Denmark).
• Bovine bone slices are exposed to osteoclasts for 20-24 hrs and are processed for staining. Tissue culture media is removed from each bone slice. Each well is washed with 200 ml of H2O, and the bone slices are then fixed for 20 minutes m 2.5% glutaraldehyde, 0J M cacodylate, pH 7 4 After fixation, any remaining cellular debns is removed by 2 min. ultrasomcation in the presence of 0.25 M NH4OH followed by 2 X 15 min ultrasomcation in H2O. The bone slices are immediately stained for 6-8 min with filtered 1% toluidine blue and 1% borax.
• reso ⁇ tion pits are counted in test and control slices. Reso ⁇ tion pits are viewed in a Microphot Fx (Nikon) fluorescence microscope using a pola ⁇ zmg Nikon IGS filter cube. Test dosage results are compared with controls and resulting IC50 values are determined for each compound tested.
• TBS buffer 50 mM Tris » HCl pH 7.2, 150 mM NaCl, 1% BSA, 1 mM CaCl2, 1 mM MgC-2).
• the reaction mixture was then incubated for 1 h at room temp.
• the unbound and the bound ⁇ v ⁇ 3 were separated by filtration using a Skatron Cell Harvester.
• the filters prewet in 1.5% poly-ethyleneimine for 10 mins) were then washed with the wash buffer (50 mM Tris HCl, ImM CaCl2/MgCl2, pH 7.2).
• the filter was then counted in a gamma counter.

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