Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
  • A61L9/015—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone
  • A61L9/04—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone using substances evaporated in the air without heating
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
  • A61L9/16—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using physical phenomena
  • A61L9/18—Radiation
  • A61L9/20—Ultraviolet radiation
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/002—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by condensation
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
  • B01D53/60—Simultaneously removing sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
  • B01D53/66—Ozone
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
  • B01D53/72—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D53/48 - B01D53/70, e.g. hydrocarbons
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
  • B01D2257/10—Single element gases other than halogens
  • B01D2257/106—Ozone
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
  • B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
  • B01D2257/302—Sulfur oxides
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
  • B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
  • B01D2257/402—Dinitrogen oxide
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
  • B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
  • B01D2257/404—Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
  • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
  • B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
  • B01D2259/80—Employing electric, magnetic, electromagnetic or wave energy, or particle radiation
  • B01D2259/804—UV light
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
  • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
  • Y02C20/10—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of nitrous oxide (N2O)

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a process for preventing air pollution characterized by removing the pollutants by the UV light at the domain of UV-C in the process of producing ozone. More particularly the present invention relates to a process for preventing air pollution comprising the step wherein the
• ozone (0 3 ) under the exposure of UV light with a wavelength of lower than 200 nm and the decomposition ozone (0 3 ) under the exposure of UV light with a wavelength of higher than 200 nm, preferably 254 nm, and removing, if any, the remaining ozone.
• the means to obstruct the formation of pollutants, to remove the resulted pollutants and to control them not to be exhausted in the natural environment have been mainly treated to prevent the environmental pollution.
• the method for obstructing or preventing the production of pollutants in principle costs relatively a great deal, while it exhibits the less efficiency. Thus its use is restrictive and the production of some pollutants cannot be avoidable.
• the study on the method for keeping the produced pollutants from the exhaust in the natural environment has been still demanded.
• the air pollution materials can be divided into gaseous pollutants and particulate pollutants.
• the gaseous pollutants in the air are principally sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds and particularly the sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides are most injurious to be exhausted a great amounts from the innumerable source of pollution and has become the most important cause of the air pollution. Further in the aspect of living environment, even the environmental pollution caused by the malodor and injurious gases such as the volatile organic substance and dioxine has taken a growing interest recently.
• Such contaminants of the air pollution have been removed by the adsorption, absorption and scrubbing in the prior arts and usually by the combination of those arts.
• the contaminants of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides are transformed into the final oxide by the oxidation and combustion to be recovered and removed by the adsorption, absorption and scrubbing.
• UV-B line and UV-C line (below 280 nm) according to the wavelength domain and the UV-C line is removed by ozone in the air.
• the UV-C line has very high energy so as to break off the molecular bonding and thus is, when irradiated directly upon the human body, extremely dangerous and a precaution should be taken.
• the photolysis of molecule by UV light is effected by the high energy of UV as stated above and has been widely applied to the field of the chemical process for the chemical engineering, synthesis of high molecular compound, development of new material and the like.
• the photolysis technology can characteristically and selectively control the faced reaction in high efficiency as compared with the other process, the work has not yet borne fruit in the field of the treatment of the environmental pollution wherein such merits can be rather embodied best.
• the process using UV light in the present invention bases on the formation of the active free radical species by the UV induced photolysis, consecutive decomposition thereby and the principle of pure gaseous phase reaction, it can overcome the issue of restrictions in the condensing system which the prior arts on the treatment of the environmental pollutant has retained.
• the present invention a great deal of the environmental pollutants can be continuously treated for a long time.
• the source of the environmental pollution such as a large scale of the industrial facilities and particularly has a characteristic to be adoptable well for the purification of the environmental pollutants from the air.
• UV-C line is a strong oxidant, it can, when used directly to treat the pollutants in the air, remove the numerous kind of pollutants simultaneously and has completed the present invention. Furthermore the inventors have developed a novel process enabling the safe and economical operation of said process wherein the remaining ozone produced excessively is removed by the decomposition under the exposure of UV light with a wavelength of higher than 200 nm, preferably about 254 nm.
• the object of the present invention is to provide a process for preventing air pollution characterized in that the pollutants are removed by UV light of UV-C domain in the stage of producing ozone and subsequently the remaining ozone is removed, if any.
• the UV light of said UV-C domain can be adopted as UV light with a wavelength of lower than 200 nm and UV light with wavelength of higher than 200 nm, preferably about 254 nm.
• the UV light of said UV-C domain employed in the present invention can be obtained from the UV lamp, for example the one or numerous lamps emitting the part of UV with wavelength of higher than 200 nm, preferably about 254 nm.
• the remaining ozone if any can be decomposed and removed by the use of UV light with wavelength of higher than 200 nm, preferably about 254 nm.
• ozone is formed by UV light with a wavelength of lower than 200 nm, preferably about 185 or less nm and is decomposed by UV light with wavelength of higher than 200 nm, preferably about 254 nm and the active radical species produced at the above step is used to remove the pollutants (The first stage) , subsequently the remaining ozone, if any is removed by the use of UV light with wavelength of higher than 200 nm, preferably about 254 nm (The second stage) .
• the pollutants are rather broken down or decomposed by the active radical species produced at the formation/decomposition step of ozone but are not directly broken down or decomposed by UV light. Because the pollutants can be removed according to the present invention more rapidly and completely than the other ozone treated method.
• Said first and second stages of the present invention can be applied in combination with the other prior method for treating pollutants .
• the pollutants which will be treated by the process of the present invention are desirably the gaseous or volatile substance but are not restricted to those only.
• the process of the present invention can be easily applied to the pipeline of exhaust to remove the injurious gas completely and thus can be used efficiently to remove dioxine contained in the exhaust. The steps in the process of the present invention are explained in detail below.
• the process comprising the first stage (UV treating stage for the production and decomposition of ozone) and the second stage (for removing the excess ozone) consists of the following reaction steps ;
• Step 1 forming 0- radical from oxygen molecule by
• Step 2 producing ozone by the reaction of formed 0 • radical and another oxygen molecule
• Step 3 forming of the second 0- radical and/or HO
• Step 1 forming 0- radical from oxygen molecule
• Ozone is formed usually in the air when the oxygen radical which is the resultant product from the photolysis of oxygen molecule reacts with the oxygen molecule again.
• the efficiency of photolysis for the oxygen molecule is high at a wavelength of lower than 200 nm in the VUV domain, which is classified into the
• the oxygen molecule is decomposed into the two radicals with the different electron status by UV light with a wavelength of lower than 200 nm, preferably about 185 nm according to the following reaction formula 1. 0 2 ⁇ 0 • ( 3 P ) + 0 - O) ( Formula 1 )
• Step 2 forming ozone by the reaction of the resulted 0
• radicals combines with the other oxygen molecule to form
• the ozone produced according to the reaction formula 2 can not only be used for the various kind of oxidative decomposition
• the HO- radical is formed by way of the
• reaction 4 when water exists, whereby the additional rout for the decomposition can be initiated. Further it enables to apply favorably to the gas even which contains moisture.
• reaction formula 1 reacts promptly with the pollutants, and ozone is not accumulated almost within the reaction system since ozone
• Step 4 the post-reaction by 0-/HO- radicals (the reaction
• the 0 • and/or HO- radical are/is highly active as stated
• the activation energy e.g. heating
• the velocity constant k in case of the reaction with water, i.e., in the reaction formula 4 is as the following ;
• the second stage is to decompose or remove ozone or the other active radical species excessively produced.
• ozone per se Being used as an oxidant to treat the pollutants, ozone per se is restricted due to its toxicity.
• the chance for ozone to be produced excessively is small and ozone can be controlled not to be remained in the treated waste gas by adjusting adequately the treating amount or produced amount.
• ozone is likely to be produced in excess. Such adjustment of the amount might possibly cause the other inconvenience.
• an excessive ozone can be removed by the further subsequent process, e.g., the absorption by active carbon or the treatment of electronic heating
• ⁇ radical is different from ozone and cannot be easily removed
• ozone is introduced to remove the excessive ozone and 0- radical
• the second stage is carried out by the use of UV light with a wavelength of higher than 200 nm, preferably about 254 nm. In this way, the processes of said reaction 2 and occasionally reactions 3 and 4 in the first stage can be proceeded.
• the amount of UV to decompose ozone should be naturally much more than the amount of UV to produce ozone in the second stage, wherein the partially untreated pollutants can be finally removed.
• the pollutants are decomposed to transform into the final products which are innoxious or easily removable and are mostly acidic and thus the stage for the removal of them is introduced in case of need.
• the final product which is acidic, is removed through the stage of adequate neutralization, e.g., the absorption method using the granule shape of neutralizer mixed with Ca (OH) 2 and NaOH in the proper ratio, the method employing NH 3 and also the salt or acid can be removed merely by adding the scrubbing process.
• stage of adequate neutralization e.g., the absorption method using the granule shape of neutralizer mixed with Ca (OH) 2 and NaOH in the proper ratio, the method employing NH 3 and also the salt or acid can be removed merely by adding the scrubbing process.
• the process of the present invention can employ the process for removing the specific pollutants in the particular industry, for example the methods of filtration, adsorption and absorption independently or together with said first and second stages for the UV treatment.
• UV-C line is very injurious, attention should be paid to obstruct UV light when the process of the present invention is employed.
• the first stage of the process according to the present invention it is desirable to maximize the production amount of the active radical species in the course of forming/decomposing ozone, while it is preferable to stress rather the decomposition of ozone remained if any in the second stage.
• the difference between the both stages at the viewpoint of the used UV lies in that the first stage is used the UV light with a wavelength of lower than 200 nm as well as higher than 200 nm, but the second stage is employed only the UV light with a wavelength of higher than 200 nm.
• the UV light with a wavelength of higher than 200 nm can be used less than the UV light with a wavelength of lower than 200 nm.
• the UV lamp emitting the UV light with a wavelength of lower than 200 nm emits also a certain amount of UV light with a wavelength of higher than 200 nm and likewise the UV lamp emitting the UV light with a wavelength of higher than 200 nm is also able to emit a certain amount of UV light with a wavelength of lower than 200 nm. Accordingly it has been rarely required at the first stage of the present invention to purchase each of the UV lamp emitting the UV light with a wavelength of lower than 200 nm and the one emitting the UV light with a wavelength of higher than 200 nm separately.
• the UV lamp can be used also at the second stage.
• the UV lamp can be used also at the second stage.
• the UV lamps which can be used at the first and second stages are able to be selected properly according to the concentration, quantity and sort of the air pollutants to be treated in consideration of the status (pressure and temperature) and production source of the gas contained as well as the stability of operation, output of UV power, endurance and the like in case of necessity at the level of the person in the pertinent field.
• the UV lamps which can be used at the first and second stages can be installed numerously in a single treating chamber and can be used by either connecting the numerous chambers in series or parallel, or combining the connection thereof.
• the generation of ozone by UV light with the specific wavelength and the process for treating pollutants by said ozone as stated above is different from the conventional process for treating ozone wherein ozone produced by the usual ozone generator is used as an oxidant in the function and effect.
• Deodorization by using conventional oxidation with ozone generated from an ozone generator is usually effected due to the oxidation of intoxication or the concealment effect of the odor of ozone itself.
• oxidation with ozone With the oxidation with ozone, a satisfactory deodorizing effect only can be obtained by a reaction for a sufficient time for contact (from at least 5 second to about 10 minute) , but the complete removal of contaminants is impossible and it is difficult to apply some materials such as sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides.
• ozone generated with a ozone generator is used without a 1st UV lamp for generating ozone in the system but the 2nd UV treatment using a 2nd UV treating lamp is still carried out, the contaminants are not nearly decomposed.
• ozone generated from an ozone generator can be additionally introduced into the 1st UV treating chamber in which a 1st UV lamp operates.
• the contaminants to be treated are subjected only to the 2nd UV treatment without subjecting to the ist UV treatment or where the contaminants to be treated are mixed with ozone generated from an ozone generator and then subjected to the 2nd UV treatment, the effects according to the present invention cannot be obtained.
• the process according to the present invention is more economic and simple in viewpoint of system construction because the method of the present invention can use the alternative current and thus there is no necessity to use an additional equipment for converting the alternative current to the direct current.
• the method of the present invention can be carried out alone because the method can be applied to nearly all the type of air pollution materials. However, the present invention may be carried out in combination with other conventional methods for preventing air pollution, if necessary. In addition, the method according to the present invention may be varied or modified without departing the spirit of the present invention and such variations and modifications are included within the scope of the present invention.
• An air inlet device (pump) , a sample inlet device, a 1st treating chamber [equipped with a 1st UV lamp (Photoscience Technology Ltd, Japan, Model No. AZ-31) ] , a 2nd treating chamber [equipped with a 2nd UV lamp (Photoscience Technology Ltd, Japan, Model No. AZ-32) ] and an outlet are connected with pipe to prepare an apparatus system for test according to the present invention. Clean air which is not contaminated is flowed through the apparatus system by using the pump. Samples to be tested is introduced with air in a constant concentration by using the sample inlet device. The flow rate is adjusted so as to maintain about 10 second of residence time in the 1st UV treating chamber and the concentration of samples discharged from the outlet is determined.
• the method to introduce samples to be tested in a constant concentration included are a method by using a inlet device of samples to be tested, or a method to charge samples to be tested in a flask connected to the system and to adjust the air flow rate with a pump to control the concentration of samples to be tested.
• the concentration of treated samples in the discharged sample gases was determined by using ready-readable-type detection tubes commercially available from GASTEC, Japan (for example, for benzene is used a detection tube of Model No. 121S with 2 ⁇ 312 ppm of a detection range, 5 ⁇ 120 ppm of a scale range, two suctions for test, 3 years of validity term; for S0 2 is used a detection tube of Model No.
• the above ready-readable-type detection tubes are glass tube of which both terminals are closed. Both terminals of a ready-readable-type detection tube are cut at the predetermined positions, and one terminal is fitted to the GV-100S type gas sampling device. The another terminal is placed at the outlet of the treating apparatus and the discharged gas from the outlet is sucked at the given times.
• the sample to be determined in the discharged gas is readily reacted with a detecting agent in the detection tube to change its color from the entrance of the tube. The concentration is determined by reading the scale mark to which the color is changed.
• the determinations are made in several times on the concentration of samples to be tested contained in the discharged gas from the outlet of the system by using the detection tube and said gas sampling device as stated above.
• benzene, toluene, hexane, cyclohexane and sulfur dioxide (S0 2 ) are selected and tested.
• Types of samples, initial concentrations of samples, the discharged concentration of samples after operating the apparatus, and types of the gas detection tube are shown in Table 1.
• the concentration of gas in the discharged samples of Examples 2 ⁇ 4 is estimated as «0.5 ppm, «1 ppm and «2 ppm, respectively, when considering the detection limit of the gas detection tube used.
• Example 2 The procedure of Example 1 is repeated except by using mixed samples listed in Table 2 below. The results are shown in Table 2.
• Example 9 The procedure of Example 1 is repeated to test the treating effect of nitrogen oxides, but determination was made by organic test. Any odor due to nitrogen oxides was not sensed from the discharged gas treated by the process of the present invention.
• the apparatus is modified so that the inlet of sample is placed between the 1st UV treating chamber and the 2nd UV treating chamber. Therefore, the 1st UV treating chamber is used as a ozone generator. Determination of concentration of samples treated by the apparatus as stated above, showed that the concentration of the discharged samples are nearly the same with those of samples introduced and therefore, the sample gases are not nearly decomposed.
• the 1st UV lamp is not operated and ozone generated by a ozone generator is supplied.
• the sample was treated as stated in Example 1. Determination of concentration of samples treated by the apparatus as stated above, showed that, as stated in Comparative Example 1, the concentration of the discharged samples are nearly the same with those of samples introduced and therefore, the sample gases are not nearly decomposed.
• various pollution materials for example, air pollution materials such as volatile organic compounds (VOC) , oxides of sulfur and/or oxides of nitrogen can be treated in a quick and simple manner without regard to the origin, concentration, status and amount of the pollution materials. Therefore, the present invention can provide an economic and effective process for preventing air pollution.
• air pollution materials such as volatile organic compounds (VOC)
• VOC volatile organic compounds
• oxides of sulfur and/or oxides of nitrogen can be treated in a quick and simple manner without regard to the origin, concentration, status and amount of the pollution materials. Therefore, the present invention can provide an economic and effective process for preventing air pollution.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
• Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=19578545

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Cited By (4)

Families Citing this family (1)

Citations (3)

• 1999
  • 1999-04-01 KR KR1019990011461A patent/KR20000065318A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
• 2000
  • 2000-04-01 AU AU36812/00A patent/AU3681200A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2000-04-01 WO PCT/KR2000/000296 patent/WO2000069477A1/en active Application Filing

Patent Citations (3)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events