WO2000066667A1 - Composition et procede pour la preparation de produits metalliques destines a etre faconnes par une operation mecanique de deformation plastique - Google Patents

Composition et procede pour la preparation de produits metalliques destines a etre faconnes par une operation mecanique de deformation plastique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000066667A1
WO2000066667A1 PCT/FR2000/001169 FR0001169W WO0066667A1 WO 2000066667 A1 WO2000066667 A1 WO 2000066667A1 FR 0001169 W FR0001169 W FR 0001169W WO 0066667 A1 WO0066667 A1 WO 0066667A1
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Prior art keywords
composition according
binder
additive
composition
metal
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PCT/FR2000/001169
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English (en)
Inventor
Jacques Pierre Pouyfaucon
Bernard Jean Léon BOUTEVIN
Yves Hervaud
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Ascoforge Safe
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Priority to EP00925364A priority Critical patent/EP1175461A1/fr
Priority to AU44113/00A priority patent/AU4411300A/en
Publication of WO2000066667A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000066667A1/fr

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    • C10M2229/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/048Siloxanes with specific structure containing carboxyl groups
    • C10M2229/0485Siloxanes with specific structure containing carboxyl groups used as base material
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    • C10M2229/04Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/05Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
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    • C10M2229/05Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
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    • C10M2229/04Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/05Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
    • C10M2229/051Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing halogen
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    • C10M2229/04Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/05Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
    • C10M2229/052Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing nitrogen
    • C10M2229/0525Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing nitrogen used as base material
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    • C10M2229/04Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/05Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
    • C10M2229/053Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing sulfur
    • C10M2229/0535Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing sulfur used as base material
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    • C10M2229/04Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/05Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
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    • C10N2010/00Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/04Groups 2 or 12
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    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20Metal working
    • C10N2040/24Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
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    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20Metal working
    • C10N2040/241Manufacturing joint-less pipes
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    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20Metal working
    • C10N2040/242Hot working
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    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20Metal working
    • C10N2040/243Cold working
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    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
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    • C10N2040/244Metal working of specific metals
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    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20Metal working
    • C10N2040/244Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/245Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
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    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20Metal working
    • C10N2040/244Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/246Iron or steel
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    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20Metal working
    • C10N2040/244Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/247Stainless steel
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    • C10N2050/00Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/015Dispersions of solid lubricants
    • C10N2050/02Dispersions of solid lubricants dissolved or suspended in a carrier which subsequently evaporates to leave a lubricant coating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the preparation and protection of metal products intended to be shaped by at least one mechanical deformation operation.
  • shaping operations which, depending on the destination of the parts produced, may be carried out, according to known techniques essentially according to two routes: ⁇ a machining which involves removing material from a workpiece blank, as cast, casting or drawing on a bulkier piece machining operated by turning, milling, planing, threading, tapping, etc. All these methods lead to metal removal, because they are carried out using cutting tools, with production of chips, that is to say of waste.
  • a mechanical treatment which uses the properties of plasticity, deformability, that all metallic materials exhibit to varying degrees, this treatment being carried out by deformation of a blank, which does not require removal of metal and which is carried out in one or more progressive shaping operations.
  • the part undergoes high pressures on the deformed parts, pressures which simultaneously cause a local rise in temperature which improves the deformability of the metal used.
  • the technique of shaping not by machining but by deformation, concerns the greatest quantities of metals and alloys, for the production of an incalculable number of metallic parts.
  • This lubricant must withstand, without decomposition, temperatures in the region of 400 ° C, resist oxidation and have qualities compatible with the extreme pressures to which it is subjected, the work always being carried out in the limit lubrication regime. It should also improve the "slip" between the deformed metal and the tool, which results in low values of the static and dynamic friction coefficients.
  • EP 0 278 029 which describes anticorrosion products containing aldehydes and formalin, the use of which is unanimously condemned because of the pollution they cause during their application and then their elimination. They are therefore to be absolutely excluded and are never found in a composition in accordance with the invention.
  • EP 0 376 591 which exclusively describes the use of phosphates, whereas the invention considers them alone insufficient for the intended applications, namely the plastic deformation of metals. Indeed, the phosphates have an oxygen atom in an intermediate position which gives them an undesirable hydrolysis instability.
  • the objective of the present invention is to provide a composition and a process for the preparation of metal products which must undergo at least one mechanical operation of shaping by plastic deformation, making it possible to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks, which are simple and economical and in particular make it possible to provide metal products with a surface suitable for shaping by satisfactory deformation, in particular avoiding the polluting means, the water and energy consumption of conventional processes.
  • the subject of the invention is a process for the preparation of metal products intended to be shaped by at least one mechanical operation of plastic deformation such as drawing, rolling, calendering, forging, stamping and the like, without significant withdrawal of substance, charac t érisé in that is applied to the metal product a composition as described below.
  • the metal products to be treated having an excessively oxidized surface without, however, being scalded, they are subjected to a coarse brushing in order to reduce the oxidation of their surface to a low value, not necessarily zero, then applied to them composi t ion;
  • the metal products to be treated being excessively greasy on the surface, they are subjected to a coarse cleaning which must bring the grease from their surface to a low value, not necessarily zero, then the composition is applied to them;
  • a subject of the invention is also a composition to be applied to metallic products intended to be shaped by at least one mechanical plastic deformation operation such as drawing, rolling, calendering, forging, stamping and the like, without significant shrinkage of the substance, characterized in that it comprises a film forming binder, at least one reactive additive with the metal, at least a lubricating additive and at least one addi t if corrosion.
  • the invention also relates to a composition for the preparation of metal products intended to be shaped by at least one mechanical operation of plastic deformation such as wire drawing, rolling, calendering, forging, stamping and the like, without significant withdrawal of substance, characterized in that it comprises a film-forming binder, at least one additive for reactivity with the metal, at least one lubrication additive and at least one anticorrosion additive.
  • the invention has, if its subject is a composition for the preparation of metal products intended to be shaped by at least one mechanical plastic deformation operation such as wire drawing, embossing, calendering, forging, stamping and the like, without significant withdrawal of substance , characterized in that it comprises a film-forming binder reactive with respect to the metal product treated, optionally one or more additive (s) of reactivity with the metal, at least one lubrication additive and at least one anticorrosion additive.
  • a composition for the preparation of metal products intended to be shaped by at least one mechanical plastic deformation operation such as wire drawing, embossing, calendering, forging, stamping and the like, without significant withdrawal of substance
  • a film-forming binder reactive with respect to the metal product treated optionally one or more additive (s) of reactivity with the metal, at least one lubrication additive and at least one anticorrosion additive.
  • the reactivity additive is a phosphonate or a phosphate, the molecular chains of which are either hydrocarbon-based, fluorinated or chlorofluorinated; "The reactivity additive is formed by at least one component selected from:
  • the binder is organic, oligomer, polymer or copolymer in nature
  • the binder is organo-metallic in nature
  • the binder is of carboxyl type such as a copolymer of mayic anhydride and vinyl ether, styrene or allyl ether;
  • the binder is of phosphonated type
  • the binder is non-reactive but has a structure capable of receiving at least one lubricant additive
  • the binder is of vinyl butyral type; ⁇ the binder is a styrene-butadiene copolymer;
  • the binder is an aceto-vinyl chloride copolymer
  • the binder is an acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer
  • the binder is a styrene - acrylic copolymer
  • the haunt is a wax
  • ® at least one pigmentation additive is of the reactive type such as phosphonate, molybdate and the like; • at least one pigmentation additive is of the opacifying non-reactive type; "A wetting product is formed by at least one component selected from the following:
  • the binder is organic, ohgomeric, polymeric or copolymeric, or organometallic in nature.
  • the lubrication additive can be present only in a reduced amount or even eliminated depending on the lubricating properties of the binder.
  • the binder can be a support for lubricants of a thermoplastic nature capable of undergoing and accompanying a deformation operation all the time of the application thereof, and without breaking the coating.
  • Waxes of natural origin (bees, camauba, etc.) of fossil origin (of MONT AN) of petroleum origin (paraffins, microcrystals, etc.) of synthesis (high molecular weight amides: " ERUCAMLDE “,” OLEYLAMIDE ",
  • Vinyl ether anhydride copolymers for example the product called "GANTREZ" from the company ISP.
  • the very reactive monomers are used by radical co-polymerization, respectively:
  • Copolymers of vinylidene chloride, with phosphonated acrylates by radical polymerization of formula:
  • polyolefins polyethylene and polypropylene
  • waxes of these polymers to obtain reactive lubricants.
  • Si-CH CH 2 present in the silicone chains.
  • the products have the following structures:
  • oils of the "FOMBLIN Z" brand from the AUSIMONT company which have alcohol functions at the chain ends can be modified as follows:
  • R chain poiymèr ⁇
  • R ' alkyl
  • CK 2 CF 2 + HPO (OE 5 H— (CF 2 - CH,) -? ⁇ O OR
  • phosphates With regard to phosphates, the synthesis is carried out from the corresponding alcohols on phosphonated derivatives such as POCl 3 , Cl P (OR) 2 . etc.
  • reactive additives which can be used in the case of formulations based on non-reactive binders, there are also phosphonic acids, alkyl phosphonic acids, phosphoric acids, aminotrimethylene phosphonic acid, 1-hydroxyethylidene-11-diphosphonic acid, ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid, acid hexamethylene diamine tetra methylene phosphonic, di-ethylene triamin ⁇ p ⁇ ntamethyiene phosphonic.
  • the term “reactant” or “reactivity” relates to the reactivity with respect to the treated metal product, in other words the metal or metals constituting the treated metal product, in particular located (s) at the surface thereof intended to undergo the action of the deformation during the shaping operation on iaqu ⁇ ll ⁇ the composition is applied.
  • the purpose of this reactivity is to allow the chemical conversion of the abovementioned metal or metals to ensure the best possible adhesion of the binder which can itself be reactive or act as an interface linked to the metals, in the non-reactive part of the film-forming agent.
  • Polyvinylidene fluoride grafted with a phosphonated acrylate is obtained by synthesis of a type known per se, by ⁇ x ⁇ mple as described in patent EP 0 704 465.
  • R CH 3 or C 2 H 4
  • R F R H, CH 3 or C 2 H 5 Q ⁇ (CH 2 ) 3 or C 2 H 4 or C 2 H 4 - S - C 3 H 6
  • a neighboring number of 6000 containing 5% ⁇ r are added.
  • months of hy ⁇ rogenomsthyisiloxane units. 9g of aliylphcsphonat ⁇ d ⁇ diethyl ⁇ t spinach ⁇ s drops d ⁇ reactive d ⁇ SPEIER. , ⁇ 2 PtCl 6 in isopropanol).
  • the mixture is brought to reflux for approximately four hours, that is to say until the mixture takes on the black color.
  • 67 g of oily product are collected, the absence of SiH bond being checked for ⁇ n LR and ⁇ n NMR.
  • Dissolved in THF the product is treated with isomian bromotrim ⁇ th, then with methanol.
  • the final product is phosphonic acid dosed with sodium hydroxide and its equivalent weight is d ⁇ 850.
  • FOMBLIN Z which is a polyether perfluoride of molar mass 2700 dissolved in 200 ml of 112 trichiorotrifiuoroethanes, a solution of allyl bromide (5 g) in THF (10 ml) is added. Then, drop by drop, 10 ml of THF containing 2 g of solder are added. The mixture is refluxed for 10 hours and, after neutralization and washed with water, the solvents are evaporated off to collect approximately 28 g of a product soluble only in trichlorotrifluoroethane.
  • composition according to the invention can be applied to most metals and alloys, in particular iron alloys, steel, galvanized or galvanized steel or aluminum alloys including, for example, GALFAN® and GALVALUME®? designated here by the general term "metal products".
  • the compositions according to the invention can be present in liquid or pulverulent form.
  • organic or aqueous media acting in particular as a solvent for the film-forming fraction of the composition and as a dispersant for insoluble additives such as, for example, lubricants or solid pigments.
  • composition according to the invention can be applied to the metal product by immersion or by spraying, preferably electrostatically according to a continuous or discontinuous process depending on the nature of the metal product to be coated and the nature of the deformations to be carried out subsequently (forged. drawing, drawing, extrusion, cold stamping, etc.).
  • the thickness of the coatings obtained depends in particular on the roughness of the treated surface, on the method of application as well as on the nature and the importance of the deformation to be carried out.
  • the thickness of the coating obtained using the composition according to the invention ranges from 4 to 15 micrometers.
  • the other specific products have been described previously.
  • Polyvinyl alcohol 1g 120 5.0
  • Chlorinated paraffin E5G (ICI) 54.0 Graphit ⁇ Ko (LONZA) 5.0
  • Triarylphosphit ⁇ (IRGAPHOS TNPP) (CIBA) 2.0
  • the pigments D can be made up of reactive pigments of the type known in the trade under the trade name "HEUCOPHOS” from the company HEUB ACH and which are available in: "ZC?” - orthophosphates of zinc, calcium, modified strontium “ZPA” - orthophosphates of zinc, modified aluminum
  • ZPO zinc orthophosphates
  • (D) - will also contain opacifying pigments, which can provide the final shades of coatings sought
  • the assembly is more particularly suitable for obtaining coatings produced by co-extrusion.
  • the treatments according to the invention are applied to a single work post, in a single operation, and in addition, the composition thus applied provides a coating which has a satisfactory level allowing the most restrictive mechanical treatments, including cold forging .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une composition pour la préparation de produits métalliques destinés à être façonnés par au moins une opération mécanique de déformation plastique telle que le tréfilage, laminage, calandrage, forgeage, matriçage et analogue, sans retrait significatif de substance, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend un liant filmogène, au moins un additif de réactivité avec le métal, au moins un additif de lubrification et au moins un additif anticorrosion. Elle vise également un procédé de préparation desdits produits métalliques à l'aide de la composition revendiquée.

Description

COMPOSITION ET PROCEDE POUR LA PREPARATION DE PRODUITS
METALLIQUES DESTINES A ETRE FAÇONNES PAR UNE OPERATION
MECANIQUE DE DEFORMATION PLASTIQUE.
La présente invention concerne la préparation et la protection de produits métalliques destinés à être façonnés par au moins une opération mécanique de déformation.
Pour assurer une utilisation rationnelle des métaux et alliages et permettre la fabrication de pièces métalliques d'usage, il est nécessaire de procéder à des opérations de mise en forme, qui, selon la destination des pièces produites, pourront être réalisées, selon les techniques connues, essentiellement selon deux voies : β Un usinage qui consiste à retirer de la matière d'une pièce brute, venue de fonderie, de moulage ou de prélèvement sur une pièce plus volumineuse, usinage opéré par tournage, fraisage, rabotage, filetage, taraudage, etc.. Toutes ces méthodes conduisent à un enlèvement de métal, parce qu'elles sont réalisées à l'aide d'outils de coupe, avec production de copeaux, c'est-à-dire de déchets. • Un traitement mécanique, qui fait appel aux propriétés de plasticité, de déformabilité, que tous les matériaux métalliques présentent à des degrés divers, ce traitement étant réalisé par déformation d'une ébauche, qui n'exige pas d'enlèvement de métal et qui est conduite en une ou plusieurs opérations progressives de mise en forme. La pièce subit des pressions élevées sur les parties déformées, pressions qui provoquent simultanément une élévation locale de température qui améliore l'aptitude à la déformation du métal mis en œuvre. On oblige ainsi la pièce à épouser les conformations désirées, au moyen d'outillages spécifiques- tels que fin ères, poinçons ou bien outils matriciels divers. La technique de mise en forme non par usinage mais par déformation concerne les plus grandes quantités de métaux et alliages, pour la confection d'un nombre incalculable de pièces métalliques.
On peut citer, par exemple, les opérations de laminage, d'étirage, de tréfilage, d'extrusion, d'emboutissage, de forgeage, de frappe, etc. mais, quel que soit son type, il est toujours nécessaire de faciliter au mieux le travail effectué dans la zone d'interaction entre la pièce et l'outil, qu'il s'agisse de cylindres, dans le cas du laminage, de filières dans le cas de l'étirage ou du tréfilage, de poinçons dans le cas de l'emboutissage, de matrices dans le cas dε la frappe. Pour faciliter le travail, il faut disposer d'une interface pièce/outil de déformation, capable d'éliminer les risques de grippage, d'arrachement de métal ou de soudures, étant donné les valeurs très importantes de pression et de température atteintes localement. Il est donc nécessaire de ref oidir l'outillage, bien que les températures atteintes soient fortement conditionnées par la nature et l'adéquation du lubrifiant à la déformation.
Ce lubrifiant doit supporter, sans décomposition, des températures voisines de 400°C, résister à l'oxydation et posséder des qualités compatibles avec les pressions extrêmes auxquelles il est soumis, le travail s' effectuant toujours en régime de lubrification limite. II devra aussi améliorer la "glissancε " entre le métal déformé et l'outil, ce qui se traduit par de faibles valeurs des coefficients de friction statique et dynamique.
Si. ces propriétés apparaissent comme étant le minimum exigible, il faut, en outre, que le lubrifiant soit conçu de telle manière qu'il adhère très fortement au métal à déformer, pour éviter le risque de rupture du film lubrifiant. On comprend, en effet, que si ce film lubrifiant était rompu par endroits, cela conduirait à se retrouver dans des conditions de frottement métal sur métal, se traduisant par des arrachements et par des soudures métal outil, rendant l'opération impraticable. Toutes ces propriétés réunies dans un lubrifiant destiné aux opérations de déformation plastique des métaux, permettraient la réalisation d'un travail dans des conditions de contraintes mécaniques, de pression, de glissement, de striction et de température, beaucoup moins pénalisantes que par les moyens actuellement connus. Cela devrait se traduire par une diminution des contraintes de remise à niveau de déformabilité acceptable des métaux à traiter, particulièrement des fréquences de traitements de recuits ou d'hypertrempes. Il s'ensuivrait un bilan économique significativement plus satisfaisant.
Or, à ce jour, pour réaliser les opérations de déformation plastique des métaux et alliages et pour obtenir une adhérence satisfaisante des lubrifiants utilisés, on doit procéder à des traitements chimiques des pièces à déformer, suivant une succession d'opérations distinctes.
Ces traitements conduisent à la formation d'un revêtement, dit de conversion, obtenu à partir de solutions acides telles que de phosphatation, ou d'oxalation dans le cas d'alliages inoxydables. Les revêtements constitués par des phosphates, ou des oxalates métalliques, se présentent sous forme cristalline, bien adhérents, constituant un réseau cristallin à l'intérieur duquel les lubrifiants appliqués seront maintenus, par simple action physique, durant l'opération de déformation. On observe qu'en l'état, il n'y a pas de combinaison chimique entre le métal et le lubrifiant. Ces traitements, quoique parfaitement maîtrisés, présentent un certain nombre d'inconvénients. principalement liés à leur impact sur l'environnement.
En cours d'application, il y a production de quantités très importantes d'effluents contaminés par des métaux lourds, par des phosphates, de nature acide, grands consommateurs d'eau et d'énergie.
Les solutions de traitement fortement acides occupent des volumes importants, de même qu'une emprise au sol non négligeable, avec de fortes contraintes de génie civil. A titre d'exemple, on peut citer les documents suivants qui illustrent l'Etat de la Technique : β GB 1 122 404 qui décrit des produits dont certains peuvent être considérés comme proches de ceux qui sont utilisés avec l'invention, mais qui ne prévoit pas la présence d'un liant fiimogène et qui n'explicite aucune application évoquant de près ou de loin le problème de la * déformation plastique des métaux. * EP 0 704 465 qui décrit un produit anticorrosion ne contenant aucun composant lubrifiant et, à ce titre étranger à la présente invention qui concerne, précisément, une composition contenant des lubrifiants favorisant la déformation plastique des métaux. • EP 0 278 029 qui décrit des produits anticorrosion contenant des aldéhydes et du formol dont l'usage est unanimement condamné en raison des pollutions qu'ils entraînent lors de leur application et alors de leur élimination. Ils sont donc à exclure absolument et ne se retrouvent jamais dans une composition conforme à l'invention. » EP 0 376 591 qui décrit exclusivement l'usage de phosphates, alors que l'invention les considère comme insuffisants à eux seuls pour les applications visées, à savoir la déformation plastique des métaux. En effet, les phosphates possèdent un atome d'oxygène en position intermédiaire qui leur donne une instabilité à l'hydrolyse non souhaitable. L'objectif de la présente invention est de fournir une composition et un procédé pour la préparation de produits métalliques devant subir au moins une opération mécanique de façonnage par déformation plastique, permettant de remédier aux inconvénients précités, qui soient simples et économiques et permettant en particulier de procurer aux produits métalliques une surface adaptée à un façonnage par déformation satisfaisant en évitant notamment les moyens polluants, les consommations d'eau et d'énergie des procédés conventionnels.
A cette fin, l'invention a pour objet un procédé de préparatior de produits métalliques destinés à être façonnés par au moins une opération mécanique de déformation plastique telle que tréfilage, laminage, calandrage, forgeage, matriçage et analogue, sans retrait significatif de substance, caractérisé en ce que l'on applique aux produits métalliques une composition telle que décrite ci-après.
Selon d'autres caractéristiques de ce procédé : β les produits métalliques à traiter ayant une surface excessivement oxydée sans pourtant être calaminée, on les soumet à un brossage grossier devant ramener l'oxydation de leur surface à une valeur faible, non nécessairement nulle, puis on leur applique la composition ; « les produits métalliques à traiter étant excessivement gras en surface, on les soumet à un nettoyage grossier devant ramener le gras de leur surface à une valeur faible, non nécessairement nulle, puis on leur applique la composition ; L'invention a également pour objet une composition devant être appliquée sur des produits métalliques destinés à être façonnés par au moins une opération mécanique de déformation plastique telle que tréfilage, laminage, calandrage, forgeage, matriçage et analogue, sans retrait significatif de substance, caractérisé en ce qu'elle comprend un liant filmogène, au moins un additif de réactivité avec le métal, au moins un additif de lubrification et au moins un additif anticorrosion.
L'invention a encore pour objet une composition pour la préparation de produits métalliques destinés à être façonnés par au moins une opération mécanique de déformation plastique telle que le tréfilage, laminage, calandrage, forgeage, matriçage et analogue, sans retrait significatif de substance, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend un liant filmogène, au moins un additif de réactivité avec le métal, au moins un additif de lubrification et au moins un additif anticorrosion.
L'invention a a î,si pour objet une composition pour la préparation de produits métalliques destinés à être façonnés par au moins une opération mécanique de déformation plastique telle que le tréfilage, larninage, calandrage, forgeage, matriçage et analogue, sans retrait significatif de substance, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend un liant filmogène réactif vis-à-vis du produit métallique traité, éventuellement un ou plusieurs additif(s) de réactivité avec le métal, au moins un additif de lubrification et au moins un additif anticorrosion. Selon d'autres caractéristiques de cette composition :
« l'additif de réactivité est un phosphonate ou un phosphate dont les chaînes moléculaires sont soit hydrocarbonéεs, soit fluorées, soit chlorofiuorées ; « l'additif de réactivité est formé par au moins un composant sélectionné parmi :
=-> les acides phosphoniques et alkyl phosphoniques,
=? les acides phosphoriques,
.= l'acide aminotriméthylène phosphonique,
=> l'acide 1- hydroxyéthylidène - 1 - 1 - diphosphonique,
=> l'acide éthyiène diamine tétraméthylène phosphonique,
= l'acide hexaméthylène diamine terra méthylène phosphonique,
=> l'acide di - éthyiène triamine penteméthylène phosphonique ;
• elle comprend en outre un ou plusieurs additifs de pigmentation :
• elle comprend en outre un ou plusieurs produits mouillants ;
« le liant est de nature organique, oligomère, polymère ou copolymère ;
• le liant est de nature organo-métallique ;
• le liant est de nature lubrifiante ;
« le liant est de type carboxyle tel qu'un copolymère anhydride maiéique et vinyléther, styrène ou allyléther ;
• le liant est de type phosphoné;
• le liant est non réactif mais a une structure apte à recevoir au moins un additif lubrifiant ;
• le liant est de type butyral vinylique ; β le liant est un copolymère styrène - butadiène ;
• le liant est un copolymère acéto - chlorure de vinyle ;
• le liant est un copolymère acrylonitrile - butadiène ;
• le liant est un copolymère styrène - acrylique ; « le hant est une cire ;
• l'additif de lubrification est formé par au moins un composant sélectionné parmi les suivants : = graphite,
=> polyfluorure de carbone (CFJπ , avec x < 1 => triphényl phosphoro thionate aikylé, => triphényl phosphoro thionate, => di - alkyl phosphites,
-=> tri - aryl phosphites,
= trifiuorure de cέrium (CeF3),
=> alkylxanthates de molybdène,
= sels d'ammonium alkyl substitués de l'acide tétrathiomolybαique (RNK3)2 - MoS4). ® un additif de pigmentation au moins est de type réactif tel que phosphonate, molybdate et analogue ; • un additif dε pigmentation au moins est de type non réactif opacifiant ; « un produit mouillant est formé par au moins un composant sélectionné parmi les suivants :
=> alkyl et aryl phosphonates éthoxyiés,
= dérivés fluorocarbonés,
= sulfonate d'ammonium perfluoroaikylé,
=> sulfonate de potassium perπuoroalkyié,
=* sulfonate d'amino alcool perfluoroaikylé,
=> acrylate perfluoroaikylé. L'invention sera mieux comprise par la description détaillée ci-après et par le dessin annexé qui ne sont donnés au' à titre d'exemple indicatif et non limitatif.
Le liant est de nature organique, ohgomère, polymère ou copolymère, ou de nature organométallique.
Il peut être intrinsèquement lubrifiant, auquel cas l'additif de lubrification peut être présent seulεment en quantité réduite voire supprimé selon les propriétés lubrifiantes du liant.
Selon d'autres formes de réalisation, le liant pεut être un support pour des lubrifiants de nature thermoplastique aptes à subir et à accompagner une opération de déformation tout le temps de l'application de celle-ci, et sans rupture du revêtement.
Parmi les diverses familles de liants, on peut opter pour : 1 - Les 'liants non réactifs • Butyrals vinyliques. Dans le commerce, on trouve de tels produits sous les noms déposés de " RHOVLNALS
B " (provenant de la société RKONE-PQULENC), " MO ITALS " (provenant de la société KOECHST), " BUTVAR " (provenant de la société MONSANTO) et qui ont pour formule générale : ,
Figure imgf000009_0001
avec x = 12 à 20% y = 1 à 3% j ≈ 75 à 86%
* Copolymères styrène-butadiène :
Un produit de ce type est connu dans le commerce sous le nom déposé de " EUROPRΞN SOL 7172 " de la société ENITECH.
* Copolymères acéto-chlorures dε vinyle :
De tels produits sont connus dans lε commεrcε sous lεs noms déposés de " VTNYLITES ", " VYΗH ", " VYLF ", " VYNS ", " VYN ", " VYDR ", " VYNY " de la société UNION CARBIDE.
» Copoiymέrεs acrylonitrilε-butadiène :
Produit de marque " HYCAR " de la société GOODRICH.
• Copolymères styrène-acrylique :
Produit du commerce connu sous le nom déposé de " NEOCRYL B880 ", ou " NEOCRYL B1000 " de la société ZENECA
* Cires : d'origine naturelle (d'abeillεs, dε camauba, etc.) d'origine fossile (de MONT AN) d'origine pétrolière (paraffines, micro cristallines, etc.) de synthèse (amides de haut poids moléculaire : " ERUCAMLDE ", " OLEYLAMIDE ",
" STEARYLAMEDE ") ou " CIRE AMIDE C " ou " CRODA " de la société HOECHST cires modifiées (chlorés de marque " CERECLOR " de la société IMPERIAL
HEMICAL INDUSTRIES). - Les liants réactifs carboxylés
* Copolymères vinyléther-anhydride maiéique par exemple le produit nommé " GANTREZ " de la société ISP.
s Copolymères styrènε-anhydridε maléïque
Par exemple, le produit nommé " SMA " de la société ATOCHEM.
s» Copolymères allyle éther-anhydridε maléïque
Tel que le produit connu dans le commerce sous le nom déposé de MALIALIM de la société NIPPON OIL and FATS CO.
- Les liants réactifs phosphonés obtenus par les méthodes suivantes :
a) Copoiymérisation d'un monomère phosphoné avec un monomère tel que VDF, chlorure dε vinylidène, etc..
Pour une telle copoiymérisation, on utilise les monomères très réactifs par copoiymérisation radicalaire, respectivement :
- acryliques :
0 (avec n ≥ l)
Figure imgf000010_0001
srvreniques
Figure imgf000010_0002
allyϋques
Figure imgf000011_0001
vmynquεs
/ OR
CH2 CH— O— CH2— CH2— P-→ O
OR
décritε dans les publications dε B. HAMOUI εt coll. Macromol. Chε . Phys., 1995, 176. 1865 et B. HAMOUI et coll., J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 1994, 52, 449.
Ont également été préparés des copolymères de chlorure de vinylidène, avεc dεs acrylates phosphonés par polymérisation radicalaire, de formule :
Figure imgf000011_0002
R = H , CH3
Modification chimique de polymères du commerce, par des réactifs phosphonés selon plusieurs méthodes :
b-1) Ozonisation du polymère, suivie du greffage dεs acrylates ou styréniques phosphonés. Par εxεmplε : greffage de polyfluorure de vinylidène par des acrylates phosphonés, selon ia méthode enseignée par le brevet belgε n° 0940088 du 28.09.94 au nom de
COCKERJ L-SAMBRE.
La même méthode peut être appliquée à des polyolefines (polyéthylène et polypropylène) εt à diverses cires de ces polymères pour obtenir des lubrifiants réactifs.
b-2)Modification dε polyolefines comptant des groupes insaturés (polyéthylènε, polypropylènε εt PFB) et polydiènes, ou dε copolymères les contenant, par dεs mercaptanε phosphonés ; ainsi, à partir dε copolymères styrènε-butadiène, on réalise l'addition photochimiquε ou thermoamorcéε mercaptan tεl que :
Figure imgf000012_0001
n = 2,3
préparés par la méthode suivante, par exemple :
Figure imgf000012_0002
- la mêmε méthodε a été appliquée à la modification dεs polybutadiènes hydroxy téléchéliques dε la société ATOCHEM et carboxy téléchéiiques dε la société GOODRICH.
b-3) A partir de silicones Les silicones fluorés ou nom euvent être modifiés à partir dεs groupεments SiH εt
Si-CH=CH2 présents dans les chaînes de silicones.
- sur les groupements Si - CH = CH, on peut grεffer, soit dεs thiols phosphonés. soit dεs hydrogénophosphonates de dialkylε (HPO(OR)2 R = alkyl). - sur les groupements SiK on peut greffer les aliylphosphonates précédents.
Les produits présentent les structures suivantes :
Figure imgf000013_0001
Figure imgf000013_0002
Q = (CH2)3, C2H4-S-C3H6
b-4) A partir de polyéthers fluorés
Les huiles dε marque " FOMBLIN Z " dε la société AUSIMONT qui possèdent des fonctions alcools en extrémités de chaînes peuvent être modifiées comme suit :
HOCK,-Z- CH,OH
+ CH2= €K— CH2Br
CK,=CH— CH, O— CH, Z- CH, OCK,— CH=CH,
-HPO(OR),
(RO),OP(CK2)3CH2C— CH2 Z-CH - O- (CH2)3-PO(OR)2
Finalement on obtient des composés du type
Y-0(CF2O)x-(C2F4O)-Y avec Y = -CF2CH2O(CH2)3-?O(OR)2
b-5) A partir de polymères partiellεmεnt halogènes, notammεnt chlorés, des réactions de phosphonation peuvent s'effectuer selon la méthode d'ARBUZOV : R— X + P(OR')3 >-R— PO(OR')2 + R'X
R = Chaîne poiymèrε R' = alkyl
X = Cl, Br
L'application dε cette réaction sur des dérivés paraffiniques chlorés permet d'accéder à des additifs lubrifiants réactifs dont les chaînes liées aux groupemεnts réactifs, eux-mêmes représentés par deux types, phosphonates et phosphates, sont soit hydrocarbonéεs, soit fiuoréεs, soit chloro fluorées.
En ce qui concerne les phosphonates, on trouve :
OR c H2 n- 1 — ? — > O ^OR
OR
CnH,n+1_S_ C H^_P O = 2 ou 3
"" OR
Figure imgf000014_0001
OR tL_(CYX_CF2)n_ï _ o fXXZΕτ
N OR "
polyéthers perfiuorés modifiés par des groupements phosphoniques les paraffinεs chlorées phosphonées Ces produits sont obtenus : * soit par addition des thiols correspondants sur des olέfmes fluorées : R- SH ^ CH2=CH— CH2— PO(OR)z ** R_S_ (\,H— POfORr?
* soit par action de P(OR)3 sur des halogénures d'alkylεs : R- Cl + P(OR)3 5* R— PO(OR)
* soit par addition sur des doubles liaisons de :
OEt /
H— P — > O OEt
* soit par oiigomérisation dεs oléfïnεs fluorées :
/ OR
CK2=CF2+ HPO(OE 5 H— (CF2— CH,) - ? → O OR
En ce qui concerne les phosphates, la synthèse est réalisée à partir des alcools correspondants sur des dérivés phosphonés tels que POCl3, Cl P (OR)2. etc.
R— OH ^ Cl— PO(OR)2 ** R— O— PO(OR),
Comme additifs réactifs, utilisables dans le cas de formulations à base dε liants non réactifs, on rεtiεnt également les acides phosphoniques, alkyi phosphoniques, acides phosphoriques, acide aminotriméthylène phosphonique, acide 1-hydroxyéthylidène-l-l- diphosphonique, acide éthyiène diamine tétramethylène phosphonique, acide hexaméthylene diamine tétra méthylène phosphonique, di-éthylène triaminε pεntaméthyiène phosphonique.
Dans la présente description, le terme « réactif» ou « réactivité » est relatif à la réactivité à l'égard du produit métallique traité, en d'autres termes du ou des métaux constitutifs du produit métallique traité, notamment situé(s) à la surface de celui-ci destinée à subir l'action de l'outil de déformation lors de l'opération dε façonnage εt sur iaquεllε la composition εst appliquée. Cette réactivité a pour objet dε permettre la conversion chimique du ou dεε métaux précités pour assurer la meillεure adhérence possible du liant qui peut être lui-même réactif ou agir comme interface liée aux métaux, dε la partie non réactive du filmogène.
Conformément έ la présente invention, on procède dε la manière suivante a la synthèse dεs produits :
1) L'acide phosphonique fluoré. CsFI7C2H4SC3H6PO(OH)2, et sεs origines sont décrits dans la publication " Synthesis of new phosphonic dεrivatives vvith fiuorinatεd chains '", par C. Brondinc, 3. Boutevin, Y. Hervaud, M. Pslaprat et A. Manséri, dans Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 76 (1996) 193-200.
2) Pour le copolymère MMA/MAPHQS 5050 de formule :
Figure imgf000016_0001
Les monomères phosphonés ci-dessus sont décrits dans la thèse BACHA?. HAMOUI " Synthèse
dε nouveaux monomères phosphonés. Tέiomérisation st Applications ". Diplôme de Doctorat -
MONTPΞLIER - 24 Sεptεmbre 1991, ainsi que dans la publication : " Synthesis, Polymérisations
of monomεrs bεaring phosphonatεd group ". Part 1 - Applications on Acrylates and
Methacrvlates. B.BOUTEVIN - B. HAMOUI - J.P.PARISI. Journal of Apphed Polymers Science
1994, 52. 449.
(y) L'analyse RMN du proton permet de déterminεr les tenεurs εn MAPHOS qui sont
(x - y)
comprises εntre 2 εt 50 %.
3) Une cire de polvéthylène modifiée par greffage d'un acrylate phosphoné. de masse molaire voisine de 3000 et dont la fusion sε situe à 90°C, εst soumise à l'action de l'ozone dans un réacteur à lit fluidisé à température ambiante pendant 2 heures. Après réaction, on introduit 100g dans un rhéo ètrε dε type BRABENDΞR, avεc 10g d'un acryiatε phosphoné (MAPHOS) dε formule :
CH2 Η-C02-CH2CH2-PO(OCH3)2 à la température dε 90°C pεndanî 30 minutes. Ensuite, iε méiangε εst lavé sur fritte par de l'acétone. On récupère 105g dε polymère quε l'on dissout dans du xyiène à 100°C εt auxquels on ajoute 10g de bromotrimέthyisilanε. Enfin, après rεfroidissεment, on ajoute 10g de mέthanol avant dε précipiter le polymèrε dans du THF. Le dosagε acido-basique par de la soudε N/10 donne une massε équivalente de 830.
4) Une cire de pol éthylène chlorée modifiée par phosphonation. Dans du xyiène porté au rεfiux, on dissout 100g dε cirε connuε dans le commerce sous iε nom déposé dε " 55T CERECLOPi " de la société Impérial Chemical Industries. On ajoute goutte à goutte 25g de phosphites de triéthyiε P(OEt)3 et l'on condense le bromure d'éthyle qui sε forme. Après précipitation dans le THF et séchage du polymère, l'analyse élémentaire donne Cl = 44,6 %; P =
4,1 %.
5) Un cσpolvmère s yrène butadiène modifié par un thiol phosphoné. Dans un ballon de 3 litres, on introduit 10g du produit connu dans lε commεrcε sous lε nom déposé dε " FLNAPREN 502 ", 2,76g de thiol phosphoné, 0,1g de benzophénonε. solubilisés dans 700 mi dε THF. On dégaze la solution pendant 15 minutes à l'azote et l'on irradiε lε méiangε réactionnel au moyen d'un rayonnement ultraviolet pendant 24 heures. On constate que la solution a formé un gel que l'on resolubilise dans un volume total de
THF de 2,5 litres. En fin de réaction, on concentre la solution à 700 ml et on précipite dans 4 litres de methanol. On filtre, on rince et on sèche sous vidε le précipité blanc recueilli. On isole ainsi le copolymère greffé sous la forme d'une gomme élastique. L'analyse RMN'H (CDC13) démontre la structure du produit :
Figure imgf000017_0001
15 S - (CH2)3 - P(0) (OEt , Quant à l'analyse élémentaire, elle donne le pourcentage de phosphore du copolymère greffé. Dans ce cas, il est de 2 %. Lε rendement de greffage εst donc dε 50 %.
6) Un copolymère fluorure de vinylidène/allylphosphonate dε diéthylε.
Dans un réacteur en Hastelloy de type PARR, on introduit 50ml d'acétonitriie. ig de peroxyde de ditertiobutyie (6,94 10"3 mole), 12,3g d'allylphosphonate de diéthylε (6,94 10"2 mole) εt 35g dε fluorure de vinylidène (0,625 mole). Lε mélange εst chauffé sous agitation à Î40°C pendant 10 heures. Après evaporation εt purification du produit brut réactionnel, on obtient 21,3g de copolymère dont on vérifie par analyse élémentaire εt par RMN qu'il a la composition molaire 84/16 (VFJallylphosphonatε).
7) Du polyfluorure de vinylidène greffé par un acryîate phosphoné est obtenu par synthèse dε type connue en soi, par εxεmple comme cela est décrit dans lε brevεt EP 0 704 465.
8) Dεs siliconεs phosphonées
Les siliconεs (fluorées ou non) pεuvεnt être modifiées à partir des groupements SiH et Si(CH=CH2) Si(V) que l'on peut introduire dans les chaînes :
- sur les groupεmεnts SiH, on pεut grεffεr des allylphosphonates dε dialkyies
- sur les groupements Si(V), on peut greffer soit des thiols phosphonés, soit des hydrogénophosphonatεs dε dialkyle H PO (OR)2. Lεs produits ont lεs structures suivantes :
CH3 CH3
I I
(Si - O) (Si - O) ' ' y
Ri Q— P O (OR)2
R, = CH3 ou C2H4RF R = H , CH3 ou C2H5 Q ≈ (CH2)3 ou C2H4 ou C2H4 - S - C3H6 Par exemple, à 100 mi dε THF, on ajoute 60g dε polysiloxanε de masse molaire εn nombre voisine dε 6000 contenant 5% εr. moiε d'unités hyαrogénomsthyisiloxane. 9g d'aliylphcsphonatε dε diéthyle εt quelquεs gouttes dε réactif dε SPEIER. ,Η2PtCl6 dans l'isopropanol). Lε mélange εst porté à reflux pεndant environ quatre hεurεε, c'est-à-dire jusqu'à ce quε lε mélange prenne la couiεur noire. Après précipitation dans du methanol, on recueille 67g de produit huileux dont on vérifie εn LR et εn RMN l'absence de liaison SiH. Dissous dans du THF, le produit εst traité par du bromotrimέth isiiane, puis par du methanol. Lε produit final εst de l'acide phosphonique dosé par la soude et son poids équivalent est dε 850.
9) Des huilεs fiuoro-phosphonées
A partir d'huiles fluorées telles quε cεilεs connues dans lε commεrcε sous is nom déposé dε " FOMBLIN Z " dε la société Ausimont, fonctionnalisées par dεs groupemεnts alcools, on peut réaiisεr i'allyiation par lε bromure d'allylε des extrémités dε chaînes. Ensuite, l'addition d'hydrogénophosphonates dε dialkyle HPO(OR)2 a dεs composés de structure suivante : (RO)2OP-(CH2)3-0-CH2CF2-O-(CF2O)x-(C2F4O)y-CF2-CH20-(CH2)3-P O(OR)2
Par exemple, à 27g de l'huile fiuoréε connue dans lε commεrcε sous lε nom dépesé de
" FOMBLIN Z ", qui εst un polyéthεr pεrfluorέ dioi dε massε molaire 2700 dissous dans 200ml dε 112 trichiorotrifiuoroéthanε, on ajoute une solution dε bromure d'allylε (5g) dans du THF (10ml). Puis, goutte à goutte, on ajoute 10ml de THF contenant 2g de soudε. On portε à reflux pendant 10 heures et, après nεutralisation εt lavagε à l'eau, on évapore iεs solvants pour recueillir environ 28g d'un produit soluble uniquement dans le trichlorotrifluoroéthane. À cène nouvelle solution, on ajoutε 4g d'hydrogénophosphonatε de diéthylε avec 150mg dε pεrcarbonatε dε cyclohexyie εt on porte au reflux (48°C) pendant 4 heures. Le méiangε est concentré et on distille l'excès d'hydrogénophosphonate de diéthyle. Après traitement par du bromotriméthyl silanε, puis par du methanol, le polyéthεr fluoré ω phosphoné εst transformé εn un αω diacide phosphonique. La composition selon l'invention peut être appliquée sur la plupart des métaux εt alliages notammεnt des alliages de fer, acier, acier galvanisé ou zingué ou des alliages d'aluminium dont par exεmplεs lε GALFAN® εt GALVALUME® ? désignés ici sous lε terme général « produits métalliques ». Lεs compositions selon l'invention peuvent sε prέsεntεr sous formε liquide ou pulvérulente.
Dans iε cas dεs compositions liquides, on pεut utiliser dεs milieux organiquεs ou aquεux, agissant notamment comme solvant dε la fraction filmogène dε la composition εt comme dispersant pour des additifs insolubles tels quε par εxεmplεs dεs lubrifiants ou pigments solides.
La composition selon l'invention pεut être appliquée sur iε produit métalliquε par immersion ou par pulvérisation, dε préférence électrostatiquε sεion un procédé continu ou discontinu εn fonction dε la naturε du produit métalliquε à revêtir εt la naturε des déformations devant être effectuées ultérieurement (forgε. έtiragε, tréfilage, εxtrusion, frappe à froid, etc .).
L'épaissεur dεs revêtements obtenus dépend notammεnt dε la rugosité de la surface traitée, du mode d'application rεtεnu ainsi quε dε la naturε εt dε l'importance dε la déformation devant être opéréε εnsuitε.
D'unε manière généralε, l'épaissεur du revêtement obtenu à l'aide de la composition selon l'invention s'échelonne entre 4 εt 15 micromètres.
Les exemples de formulation suivants illustrent l'invention. (Lεs valεurs données sont dεs valεurs pondéralεs). Ils sont répartis εn trois classes :
A - LIANTS Π.,MOGENES NON RE ACTIFS
Dans cε qui suit, lε butyral polyvinyliquε εst iε produit du commεrcε connus sous lε nom déposé dε " MOWÏTAL B 60 HH " dε la société HOECKST, l'alcool polyvinylique Is = 120 εst celui connus dans le commεrcε sous lε nom de " MOWÏOL 96-88 " de la société HOECHST. Lεs autres produits spécifiques ont été décrits prέcédεmmεnt.
EXEMPLE 1 :
Butyral polyvinylique 15.0
Graphite KS 6 (LONZA) 5.0 Acide phosphorique 75% 4.0
Acidε tridécylphosphorique 4.0
Acétate de butylε 72.0
100.0
EXEMPLE 2 :
Butyral polyvinylique 15.0
Poiyfluorurε dε carbonε 3.0
Acidε phosphorique 75% 4.0
Acidε tridécylphosphorique 4.0 Acétate de Hutyle 74.0
100.0
EXEMPLE 3 :
B utyral p o lyviny lique 15.0 Graphitε KS 6 (LONZA) 5.0
Acidε pho sphoriquε 75 % 4.0
Phosphonate dε dodécylε 5.0
Acétate de butyle 71.0
100.0 EXEMPLE 4
Butyral poiyvinyϋquε 15.0 Graphite KS 6 (LONZA) 5.0 Acidε phosphorique 75% 4.0 Acidε phosphonique fluoré : C8F17- C2HΛ - S - C3H6 PO(OH)2* 5.0 Acétate de butyiε 71.0
100.0
EXEMPLE 5 (produit pulvérulent) :
Cire amidε C (HOECHST) 75.0 Copolymère MMA/MAPHOS 50/50 10.0 Graphitε KS 6 (LONZA) 10.0 Stéréatε de calcium 5.0
100.0
XEMPLE 6 :
Cire a ide microniséε 15.0
Copolymère MMA/MAPHOS 50/50 10.0
Graphitε KS 6 (LONZA) 5.0
Mono palmîtate dε sorbitan 20 OE 5.0
Alcool polyvinylique 1g : 120 5.0
Eau 60.0
100.0
* " Synthεsis of new Phosphonic dεrivatives with fiuorinated chains ".
C.BRONDINO, B.BOUTEVIN, Y.HERVAUD, N.DELAPRAT, A.MANSERI, Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 1996, 76. 193. EXEMPLE 7 :
Huile dε colza soufflée S 100 < 18
Polymère végétai (ROBBE) 34.0
Paraffine chlorée E5G (ICI) 54.0 Graphitε Ko (LONZA) 5.0
DEQUEST 2010 (MONSANTO) 8.0
Naphténatε dε plomb 2.0
100.0
B - IANTS FT MQGENES REACTIFS CARBQXYLES
EXEMPLE 8 :
Copolymère anhydridε maiéique méthyi vinyl éther MM « 40.600 (ISP) 10.0
Polyfiuorure de carbonε 3.0
Acide phosphorique 75% 4.0
Acidε stéaryl phosphoniquε 5.0
Méthyi éthyl cέtonε 78.0 ^O-0
EXEMPLE 9 :
Copolymère anhydride maléiquε méthyi vinyl éther MM ≈ 40.600 (ISP) 10.0
Graphite KS 6 (LONZA) 5.0 Acide phosphorique 75% 4.0
Acide tridécyl phosphorique 4.0
Nonyl phénol 80E 2.0
Eau 1 0
100.0 EXEMPLE 10 :
Copolymère styrènε acryliquε
3880 (ZENECA) MM ≈ 90.000 Tg°C 52 20.0
Graphite KS 6 (LONZA) 8.0
Acidε tridecyl phosphorique 8.0
Triphényl phosphoro-thionatε
2.0
White Spirit 62.0 100.0
C - LIANTS FÏT.MQGENES REACTIFS PHOSPHORES
EXEMPLE 11
Cire dε polyéthylènε greffé/ acrylate phosphoné 15.0 Graphitε KS 6 (LONZA) 5.0 Triarylphosphite (IRGAPHOS TNPP) (CIBA) 2.0 " SOLVES3O 100 " 78.0 100.0
EXEMPLE 12
Cire de polyéthylène chlorée modifiéε par phosphonation 15.0
Graphitε KS 6 (LONZA) 5.0
Triarylphosphitε (IRGAPHOS TNPP) (CIBA) 2.0
" SOLVESSO 100 " 78.0 100.0 EMPLE 17 •
Copolymère styrènε-butadiènε/modifié thiol phosphoné 15.0
Graphitε KS 6 (LONZA) 5.0
Trifmorurε dε cériu 3.0
Acidε tridécyi phosphorique 3.0
Acétate dε butyle 24.0
" SOLVESSO 100 " 50.0
100.0
EXEMPLE 14
Copolymèrε VDF/allylphosphonatε 15.0
Graphitε KS 6 (LONZA.) 5.0
Acide tridécyi phosphorique 5.0
Isphoronε 55.0
N-méthyi pyrrolidonε 20.0
100.0
EXEMPLE 15
Copolymèré*styrènε-butadiènε/modifιé thiol phosphoné 15.0
Graphitε KS 6 (LONZA) 5.0
Trifluorure dε cérium 3.0
SOLVESSO 100 77.0
100.0 EXEMPLE 16 (produit pulvérulent) :
Poly fluorure dε vinylidène greffé acrylatε pho sphoné 75.0
Graphitε KS 6 (LONZA) 15.0 Cire amidε C 10.0
100.0
EXEMPLE 1 (produit pulvérulent) :
E εmple 16 90 - 95 Pigmεnts (D) 5 - 10
Lεs pigments D pεuvent être constimés de pigmεnts réactifs du typε connu dans le commεrcε sous lε nom déposé dε " HEUCOPHOS " dε la société HEUB ACH et qui sε déclinent εn : " ZC? " - orthophosphatε dε zinc, calcium, strontium modifié " ZPA " - orthophosphatε dε zinc, aluminium modifié
" ZPO " - orthophosphatε dε zinc, basique, modifié organique " ZMP " - orthophosphate basique de zinc, molybdène, modifié " ZPZ " - orthophosphatε basique dε zinc, modifié organique " Z3Z " - phosphate, silicate dε zinc, aluminium hydraté, modifié " Z-APP " - polyphosphate de zinc, calcium, aluminium, strontium, modifié, etc.
(D) - comportεront également des pigments opacifiants, pouvant procurer les teintes finales de revêtemεnts recherchées
L'ensembiε εst adapté plus particulièrement à l'obtention de revêtemεnts réalisés par co- extrusion. D - ADDITIFS DE LUBRIFICATION
- graphitε
- polyfiuorurε dε carbone (CFx)n avec n = 1
- tπphényi phosphoro thionate alkylé - triphényl phosphoro thionate
- di-alkyl phosphites
- tri aryl phosphites
- trifluorurε dε cérium (CεF3)
- alkybcanthates dε molybdènε - sεls d'ammonium alkyl substitués dε F acidε tétrathiomolybdiquε
(RNH3)2 - MoS4).
E - TENSIQ-ACTIFS
- alkyl εt aryl phosphonatεs éthoxylés
- dérivés fluorocarbonés
- sulfonate d'ammonium pεrfiuoroalkylé
- sulfonate dε potassium pεrfiuoroalkylé
- sulfonatε d'amino alcool perfluoroaikylé - acrylate perfluoroaikylé
F - PIGMENTS
- réactifs, de type phosphonatεs, molybdatεs, etc. - non réactifs, opacifiants
- charges
Cεs produits sont connus dε l'Homme de Métier. Des essais ont permis dε constater qu'une composition conforme à l'invention donne des résultats particulièrement avantageux du fait de la simplicité d'application qui ne nécessite pas les nombreux traitements préalables qu'exige la technique actuellement connue. Ainsi, un εssai dε tréfilage de fil machine dε nuance 100C6 0 5.5 globulisέ dέcaiaminέ par grεnaillage a été effectué εn déposant εn continu une composition conformε à l'Exemple 1 ci-dessus pour la première passε seulement et avec huilage εn continu pour chaque passe de tréfilage, jusqu'à la casse du fil qui est intervenue à la treizième passε après une réduction totale dε S-4.5 %, selon lε tablεau suivant :
Figure imgf000028_0001
Taux de réduction total : 84.5%
D'autres essais ont été conduits pour le filage direct sur presse hydraulique en mesurant 1 εfiorr appliqué et le déplacement εn millimètres pour obtenir un taux dε réduction des lopins de 60 %
On obtient des résultats pratiquement identiques pour les lopins ayant subis tous lεs traitεmεnts préalablεs habituεls et ceux simplεment revêtus avec la composition selon l'invention, diluée à 70 % dans l'huile. L'invεntion conduit donc à un procédé εt à dεs compositions particulièrement performants et utiles à la protection dε l'environnement par la suppression qu'ils permettent des traitεmεntε lourdement polluants, avec leurs contraintes écologiques.
Lεs traitεmεntε selon l'invention sont appliqués à un seul postε de travail, εn unε sεulε opération εt, εn outre, la composition ainsi appliquεε procure un revêtement qui a une tεnuε satisfaisantε autorisant lεs traitεments mécaniquεs les plus contraignants, y compris la forge à froid.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
XI Composition pour la préparation de produits métalliquεs dεstinés à êtrε façonnés par au moins unε opération mécanique de déformation plastique tεllε quε lε tréfilagε, laminagε, calandrage, forgeagε, matriçagε εt analogue, sans retrait significatif dε substance, caractérisée en ce qu'ellε comprend un liant filmogène, au moins un additif de réactivité avec le métal, au moins un additif de lubrification et au moins un additif anticorrosion.
2/ Composition pour la préparation de produits métalliques destinés à être façonnés par au moins une opération mécanique dε déformation plastiquε tεllε quε lε tréfilage, laminage, calandrage, forgεagε, matriçagε εt analoguε, sans retrait significatif dε substance, caractérisée en ce qu'ellε comprend un liant filmogène à propriétés lubrifiantes, évεntuεllεmεnt un ou plusiεurs additif(s) dε lubrification, au moins un additif dε réactivité avεc lε métal, au moins un additif anticorrosion.
3/ Composition pour la préparation dε produits métalliquεs dεstinés à êtrε façonnés par au moins unε opération mécanique de déformation plastique telle que le tréfilage, laminage, calandrage, forgeagε, matriçagε εt analogue, sans retrait significatif de substance, caractérisée en ce qu'ellε comprend un liant filmogène réactif vis-à-vis du produit métallique traité, éventuεllεmεnt un ou plusieurs additif(s) de réactivité avec le métal, au moins un additif de lubrification εt au moins un additif anticorrosion.
4/ Composition sεlon l'unε quelconque des revendications 1 à 2, caractérisée εn cε quε lε liant filmogènε εst formé d'un liant réactif vis-à-vis du produit métalliquε traité.
5/ Composition sεlon l'unε quεlconque des revεndications 1 à 2, caractériséε εn cε quε lε liant filmogènε εst formé d'un liant non réactif vis-à-vis du produit métalliquε traité.
6/ Composition selon l'une des rεvεndications 1 à 5, caractériséε εn cε quε l'additif dε réactivité εst un phosphonatε ou un phosphatε dont lεs chaînes moléculaires sont soit hydrocarbonéεs, soit fluorées, soit chlorofluorées. Il Composition sεlon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce quε l'additif dε réactivité εst formé par au moins un composant sélectionné parmi :
- les acides phosphoniques et alkyl phosphoniques,
- lεs acidεs phosphoriquεs,
- l'acidε aminotriméthylènε phosphonique,
- l'acide 1-hydroxyéthylène-l-l-diphosphonique,
- l'acidε éthylènε diaminε tétraméthylènε phosphoniquε,
- l'acidε hεxaméthylènε diaminε tétra méthylènε phosphoniquε,
- l'acidε di-éthylènε diaminε pεntεméthylènε phosphoniquε.
8/ Composition sεlon l'unε dεs rεvεndications 1 à 7, caractériséε εn cε qu'εllε comprend εn outrε un ou plusiεurs additifs dε pigmεntation.
9/ Composition sεlon l'unε dεs rεvεndications 1 à 8, caractériséε εn cε qu'εllε comprend εn outrε un ou plusiεurs produits mouillants.
10/ Composition sεlon l'unε des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce que le liant filmogènε εst dε naturε organiquε, oligomèrε, polymère ou copolymère.
11/ Composition selon l'une dεs rεvεndications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce que le liant est dε naturε organométalliquε.
12/ Composition sεlon l'unε dεs revendications 1 à 11, caractérisée en ce que le liant est de nature lubrifiante.
13/ Composition selon la revεndication 12, caractériséε εn cε quε lε liant est de type carboxyle tel qu'un copolymère anhydride maléiquε εt vinyléthεr, styrènε ou allyléthεr.
14/ Composition sεlon la rεvεndication 12, caractériséε εn cε quε lε liant εst dε type phosphoné. 15/ Composition sεlon l'unε dεs rεvεndications 1 à 11, caractériséε en ce que le liant est non réactif mais a une structure apte à recevoir au moins un additif lubrifiant.
16/ Composition selon la revendication 15, caractérisée en ce que lε liant εst de type butyral vinylique.
17/ Composition sεlon la rεvεndication 15, caractériséε εn cε quε le liant εst un copolymèrε styrènε-butadiène.
18/ Composition selon la revεndication 15, caractériséε εn ce que le liant est un copolymère acéto-chlorure dε vinylε.
19/ Composition sεlon la revendication 15, caractérisée en ce que le liant est un copolymère acrylonitrile-butadiènε.
20/ Composition sεlon la rεvεndication 15, caractériséε εn cε quε le liant est un copolymère styrène-acryliquε.
21/ Composition sεlon la rεvεndication 15, caractériséε εn cε quε lε liant εst unε cire.
22/ Composition sεlon l'une des revεndications précédεntεs, caractériséε εn cε quε l'additif dε lubrification εst formé par au moins un composant sélectionné parmi les suivants :
- graphite,
- polyfluorur dε carbone (CF )n, - triphényl phosphoro thionate alkylé,
- triphényl phosphoro thionate,
- di-alkyl phosphites,
- tri-aryl phosphites,
- trifluorure dε cérium (CεF3), - alkylxanthatεs dε molybdènε,
- sels d'ammonium alkyl substitués de l'acide tétrathiomolybdique (RNH ) -MoS4). 23/ Composition sεlon la rεvεndication 8, caractériséε εn cε qu'un additif dε pigmεntation au moins εst dε typε réactif tεl quε phosphonatε, molybdatε et analogue.
24/ Composition selon la revεndication 8, caractériséε εn cε qu'un additif dε pigmεntation au moins εst dε typε non réactif opacifiant.
25/ Composition sεlon la rεvεndication 9, caractérisée en cε qu'un produit mouillant εst formé par au moins un composant sélectionné parmi les suivants : - alkyl εt aryl phosphonatεs éthoxylés,
- dérivés fluorocarbonés,
- sulfonate d'ammonium pεrfluoroalkylé,
- sulfonatε de potassium perfluoroaikylé,
- sulfonate d'amino alcool perfluoroaikylé, - acrylate pεrfluoroalkylé.
26/ Procédé dε préparation dε produits métalliquεs dεstinés à êtrε façonnés par au moins unε opération mécanique de déformation plastique telle que le tréfilage, laminage, calandrage, forgeagε, matriçagε εt analoguε, sans retrait significatif dε substance, caractérisé en ce que l'on applique aux produits métalliques une composition selon l'une quelconque des revεndications 1 à 25.
27/ Procédé selon la revendication 26, caractérisé en ce quε lεs produits métalliquεs à traitεr ayant unε surfacε εxcessivement oxydée sans pour autant être calaminée, sont soumis à un nettoyagε grossier devant ramenεr l'oxydation dε lεur surfacε à une valeur faible, préalablemεnt à l'application dε la composition.
28/ Procédé sεlon la rεvendication 26, caractérisé en ce que lεs produits métalliquεs à traitεr étant εxcεssivεment gras en surface, sont soumis à un nettoyagε grossiεr devant ramenεr l'oxydation dε lεur surfacε à unε valεur faiblε, non nécεssairεmεnt nulle, préalablemεnt à l'application dε la composition. 29/ Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revεndications 26 à 28, caractérisé εn cε que l'on forme un revêtεmεnt d'épaissεur comprise entre 4 et 15 micromètres à la surface du produit métalliquε traité.
PCT/FR2000/001169 1999-04-30 2000-04-28 Composition et procede pour la preparation de produits metalliques destines a etre faconnes par une operation mecanique de deformation plastique WO2000066667A1 (fr)

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EP0421250A2 (fr) * 1989-10-02 1991-04-10 Ppg Industries, Inc. Composition de revêtement protectrice

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003102003A1 (fr) * 2002-05-31 2003-12-11 3M Innovative Properties Company Acides phosphoniques fluores
US6824882B2 (en) 2002-05-31 2004-11-30 3M Innovative Properties Company Fluorinated phosphonic acids
CN100369923C (zh) * 2002-05-31 2008-02-20 3M创新有限公司 氟化膦酸
KR100966660B1 (ko) * 2002-05-31 2010-06-30 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 컴파니 플루오르화 포스폰산
DE102008016348A1 (de) * 2008-03-29 2009-10-15 Stefan Graichen Hochtemperaturschmiermittel, insbesondere Gesenkschmiermittel, enthaltend mindestens einen Oxidationskatalysator
DE102008016348B4 (de) * 2008-03-29 2010-07-29 Stefan Graichen Hochtemperaturschmiermittel und dessen Verwendung in einem Verfahren zum Warmumformen von Metallen

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FR2792949B1 (fr) 2001-06-29
AU4411300A (en) 2000-11-17
FR2792949A1 (fr) 2000-11-03

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