WO2000044027A1 - Tube electronique - Google Patents
Tube electronique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000044027A1 WO2000044027A1 PCT/JP1999/000213 JP9900213W WO0044027A1 WO 2000044027 A1 WO2000044027 A1 WO 2000044027A1 JP 9900213 W JP9900213 W JP 9900213W WO 0044027 A1 WO0044027 A1 WO 0044027A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electron tube
- film
- ccd element
- charge transfer
- layer
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 43
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000005360 phosphosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003486 chemical etching Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018594 Si-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008465 Si—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000833 kovar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J31/00—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes
- H01J31/08—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes having a screen on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted, or stored
- H01J31/26—Image pick-up tubes having an input of visible light and electric output
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J31/00—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes
- H01J31/08—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes having a screen on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted, or stored
- H01J31/49—Pick-up adapted for an input of electromagnetic radiation other than visible light and having an electric output, e.g. for an input of X-rays, for an input of infrared radiation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2231/00—Cathode ray tubes or electron beam tubes
- H01J2231/50—Imaging and conversion tubes
- H01J2231/50057—Imaging and conversion tubes characterised by form of output stage
- H01J2231/50068—Electrical
- H01J2231/50073—Charge coupled device [CCD]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a highly sensitive electron tube for quantitatively measuring weak light.
- an electron tube using a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) element as an anode has been known as a photodetector for measuring weak light.
- CCD Charge Coupled Device
- the signal emitted from the photocathode by the incidence of light is incident on the back side of the device generation surface to detect the signal.
- Electron tubes are widely used because of their high sensitivity and good image quality.
- An electron tube using a back-illuminated CCD device usually has a side tube with two openings, an input surface plate with a photocathode that emits electrons in response to incident light, and a CCD device. It consists of a stem. The input faceplate and stem are bonded so as to cover the two openings of the side tube, and the inside of the electron tube surrounded by the side tube, input faceplate, and stem is evacuated. The CCD element arranged on the stem is fixed to the stem such that the back surface of the CCD element faces the input face plate, and the whole is arranged inside the electron tube.
- the back-illuminated CCD element On the front side of the back-illuminated CCD element, there are mainly formed a Si i two- layer storage electrode layer and a transfer electrode layer on the semiconductor substrate, which accumulates the charge incident on the back surface of the CCD element from the photoelectric surface. It is possible to transfer.
- a photocathode since the photocathode can only be manufactured in a vacuum, the electron tube manufacturing process In, a photocathode is formed by introducing an alkali metal such as Na, K, or Cs into an electron tube in a vacuum atmosphere and acting on an input face plate.
- alkali metals such as Na, K, or Cs
- these alkali metals are mixed into the charge transfer section on the substrate of the CCD element, which is a semiconductor element, and when they reach the gate Si ⁇ 2 film, the fixed charges and interface states in that part increase.
- the characteristics of the CCD element are significantly deteriorated.
- the present inventors have studied the following method. First, glass was bonded to the surface of the CCD element by anodic bonding to protect the CCD element from alkali metals. However, there is a large difference between the thermal expansion coefficient of silicon forming the CCD element and the thermal expansion coefficient of glass, causing strong stress on the CCD element in a high-temperature process in the subsequent process, resulting in damage to the CCD element. I have received.
- an electron tube when the inside of the tube is usually vacuum and a negative high voltage is applied to the photocathode, the insulator in the tube becomes very easily charged. Therefore, the SiO 2 layer having a very high insulating property and the insulator in the tube existing on the surface of the CCD element are very strongly charged.
- an electron tube using a back-illuminated CCD element detects a weak signal of about several tens of electrons, so that the surface of the CCD element and the surrounding insulators are charged. There is a problem that it becomes a large noise source and the measurement accuracy is significantly reduced.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a high-sensitivity electron tube in which a CCD element is not subjected to a great deal of thermal stress during a fabrication process, does not emit gas, and is capable of reducing the charge on and around the semiconductor element. Disclosure of the invention
- an electron tube includes a cathode having a photocathode containing metal and a back surface side facing the photocathode, and a charge transfer portion formed.
- the backside illuminated semiconductor element is a flat surface having a flat surface formed so as to cover the charge transfer portion from the front side.
- the front side of the backside illuminated semiconductor element usually has a concave-convex shape as a result of device formation, and is in a state of high stress.
- a flattening film on the front side of the semiconductor element, particularly on a device generation section such as a charge transfer section, the front side is flattened, and the semiconductor element can be protected from excessive stress. Further, by flattening the surface side of the semiconductor element, it is possible to easily form a conductive wiring and a thin film containing silicon nitride as a main component.
- the thin film containing silicon nitride as a main component and formed so as to cover the flattening film and the conductive wiring prevents the metal used for activating the photocathode from invading the inside of the semiconductor element. This prevents deterioration of the characteristics of the semiconductor device. If a film made of silicon nitride is formed on the outermost surface of the semiconductor element as the anode, it is possible to prevent alkali metal introduced into the electron tube from entering the inside of the semiconductor element, and to obtain high sensitivity. Become. Further, the flattening film provided below the silicon nitride film has an effect of preventing the silicon nitride film from peeling off and at the same time relieving the stress on the bonding surface.
- a Si 2 layer is formed on the surface of the charge transfer section, and the planarizing film is made of phosphosilicate glass, and is formed between the Si 0 2 layer and the thin film. Is preferred.
- a thin film of the conductive wire and the silicon nitride as a main component by interposing a planarizing film made of phosphosilicate glass between the S i ⁇ two layers to form the front surface of the semiconductor element, conductive wiring, silicon nitride It is possible to alleviate the stress caused by the difference in the thermal expansion coefficient between the thin film mainly composed of the material and the Si 2 layer.
- a thin film containing silicon nitride as a main component, which has a higher electric conductivity than Si 2 on the outermost surface of the semiconductor element, the charge on the surface of the semiconductor element and the surrounding area can be reduced. It becomes possible. As a result, the influence of the charged charge on the semiconductor element can be reduced, and high sensitivity can be obtained.
- a through hole is formed in the flattening film located above the terminal portion of the charge transfer portion, and the conductive wiring is electrically connected to the terminal portion through the through hole. Is preferred. With such a configuration, a signal in the charge transfer unit can be easily extracted to the conductive wiring.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a CCD element used for an electron tube according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the electron tube according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 (a) is a cross-sectional view of a CCD element junction of the electron tube according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 (b) is a cross-sectional view showing a terminal portion of the conductive wiring of the electron tube and a through hole of the thin film according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a plan view of a CCD element junction of the electron tube according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view and a side view of a CCD element used for the electron tube according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a CCD element used for the electron tube according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a bonding pad used for the electron tube according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a first manufacturing process of the CCD element used for the electron tube according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing a second manufacturing process of the CCD element used for the electron tube according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 shows a CCD element used in an electron tube according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a third manufacturing step.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a fourth manufacturing step of the CCD element used for the electron tube according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a fifth manufacturing step of the CCD element used for the electron tube according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a CCD element used in the electron tube according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing step of No. 6. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the electron tube according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the electron tube 10 has a substantially disk-shaped input face plate 14 at two openings of a cylindrical side tube 12.
- the disk-shaped stems 16 are joined to each other to form a sealed structure, and a vacuum region is formed therein.
- a photoelectric surface 18 is formed on the surface of the input face plate 14 on the vacuum region side, and a CCD device 20 which is a semiconductor device is fixed on the vacuum region side of the stem 16.
- the side tube 12 is a circle having an outer diameter approximately the same between the upper side tube 22 and the lower side tube 24 made of ceramics having a cylindrical shape with an outer diameter of about 43 mm.
- the ring-shaped metal flange 26 is sandwiched, and these are integrated by brazing.
- An annular upper electrode 28 is provided in the opening on the side tube upper part 22 side (hereinafter, first opening part 12 a), and the opening on the side tube lower part 24 side (hereinafter, second opening part 12 a) is provided.
- the portion 12 b) is provided with an annular lower electrode 30 so that a voltage applied to the photoelectric surface 18 can be supplied.
- the upper electrode 28 can be filled with an adhesive between the side tube 12 and the input face plate 14 and an indium material (In material) 32 that functions as a sealing material for forming a vacuum region. It has a gutter shape. Further, between the flange 26 and the lower electrode 30, a gate 34 for adsorbing residual gas in the tube is electrically connected.
- In material indium material
- the input face plate 14 is formed mainly of a face plate 36 made of Kovar glass having a substantially disk shape.
- a convex portion is formed at the center of one main surface of the face plate 36, and the surface of the convex portion has an A photoelectric surface 18 made of metal is formed. Further, a metal thin film 38 made of Cr is formed from the edge of the photocathode 18 to the edge of the face plate 36.
- the input face plate 14 is fixed to the first opening 12 a of the side pipe 12 so that the above-mentioned projection is inside the side pipe 12, and the edge of the face plate 36 and the upper part of the side pipe 12
- the electrode 28 is bonded and sealed by the In material 32 injected into the upper electrode 28 having a gutter shape.
- the photocathode 18 and the upper electrode 28 are electrically connected by the metal thin film 38 formed on the surface of the face plate 36 so that a high voltage can be applied to the photocathode 18.
- the stem 16 has a base plate 40 formed by stacking four disc-shaped ceramic plates 40 a to 40 d and having a large thickness, and a base plate 40.
- An annular metal flange 42 for securing an electrical connection with the side tube 12 and forming a vacuum region by being joined to the side tube 12 is fixed by brazing around the periphery.
- a support substrate 44 made of silicon is fixed by an adhesive 43 (FIG. 3) to fix the CCD element 20.
- a plurality of stem pins 46 for outputting a signal output from the CCD element 20 to the outside of the electron tube 10 are provided on the ceramic plate 40d.
- Internal wiring (not shown) is provided inside the base plate 40 to guide the output signal output from the CCD element 20 to the stem pin 46.
- the internal wiring is formed by each ceramic plate. The pitch is gradually changed to connect to the stem pins 46 so that the electrical connection between them is properly made.
- the stem 16 is fixed to the second opening 1 2b of the side tube 1 2 so that the support substrate 4 4 is arranged inside the side tube 12 and the metal flange 4 2 and the lower portion of the side tube 12
- the electrodes 30 are joined and sealed by welding.
- the CCD element 20 is a semiconductor element (see FIG. 1) that has formed devices such as a storage electrode layer and a transfer electrode layer on a silicon substrate, as shown in FIG.
- the device generation surface (hereinafter referred to as “front surface A”) is fixed on the support substrate 44 such that the back surface (hereinafter referred to as “back surface B”) faces the photocathode 18, respectively.
- front surface A the device generation surface
- back surface B the back surface
- a part of the substrate is scraped off from the back surface B side, and is thinner than the peripheral part 20b.
- 1, 50 is a filling material having an insulating property
- 52 is a groove formed in the support substrate 44
- 54 is a wire connecting the support substrate 44 and the base plate 40
- 56 Are shielding electrodes, which will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 3 (a).
- FIG. 3 (a) shows a cross section of a joint between the CCD element 20 and the support substrate 44.
- FIG. The peripheral portion 20 b of the surface A of the CCD element 20 is provided with a plurality of bumps 47 mainly composed of Au and bonding pads 48 made of aluminum via a support substrate 4.
- a bonding pad 49 deposited with Au is formed corresponding to a position where the bump 47 is bonded.
- the CCD elements 20 and the support substrate 44 are mechanically and electrically connected to each other by the bonding pads 48 and 49 and the bumps 47.
- the supporting substrate 44 is formed of silicon similarly to the substrate of the CCD element 20, it has a structure in which thermal stress due to baking is not generated in the manufacturing process.
- an insulative filling material 50 such as an insulating resin is injected around the joints of the bumps 47, and the CCD element 20 and the support substrate 44 are injected. The connection between and has been strengthened.
- the groove 52 is formed inside the joint portion between the bumps 47 on the support substrate 44.
- an excessive amount of the insulating filler material 50 flows into the groove 52 or stops at the end of the groove 52 due to surface tension, and the insulating filler material 50 is removed.
- Center part of CCD element 20 0 a This is for preventing the particles from adhering to the surface of the substrate.
- FIG. 4 shows the joint between the CCD element 20 and the support substrate 44 as viewed from above.
- the electrical connection from the joints by the bumps 47 to the stem pins 46 is made of aluminum wiring 53 formed on the support substrate 44, wires 54 connecting the support substrate 44 and the base plate 40, and The internal wiring is provided in the base plate 40.
- the shielding electrode 56 is attached to the stem 16 by resistance welding.
- the upper part of the wire 54 is used to improve the withstand voltage between the photocathode 18 to which the high voltage is applied and the CCD element 20. In addition, it is covered by a shielding electrode 56.
- the CCD element 20 has an extremely thin shape at the central portion 20a as compared with the peripheral portion 20b.
- An electron incident portion 59 is formed at the center of the rear surface B, and a horizontal charge transfer portion 60 that reads out the electric charge incident on the electron incident portion 59 and transfers it to an external circuit on the front surface A, and A vertical charge transfer section 62 is formed.
- reference numeral 82 denotes a FET portion
- reference numeral 86 denotes a conductive aluminum wiring
- reference numeral 96 denotes a substrate connection portion
- reference numeral 98 denotes a reset gate terminal portion
- reference numeral 100 denotes a reset drain terminal portion
- reference numeral 102 denotes an output.
- Reference numeral 104 denotes an output source terminal.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross section of the CCD element 20 cut by X in FIG.
- the CCD element 20 is formed on a semiconductor substrate 64.
- the semiconductor substrate 64 is made of P-type or N-type silicon, and an epitaxial layer 63 having an impurity concentration different from that of the semiconductor substrate 64 is formed on the surface side thereof. Formed on three sides. The central portion of the semiconductor substrate 64 is thinner than the peripheral portion.
- a buried layer 66 of a conductivity type opposite to that of the semiconductor substrate 64 is formed. At a predetermined position inside the buried layer 66, an impurity is introduced and the buried layer 6 is formed.
- a barrier region 68 having an impurity concentration different from that of 6 is formed.
- the storage electrode layer 7 2 the transfer electrode layer 7 4, barrier electrode layer 7 6 that are respectively formed with a predetermined overlap.
- PSG phosphosilicate glass
- contact holes 84 are formed in the PSG film 78 located above the terminal portions such as the electrode 80 of the vertical charge transfer portion 62 and the horizontal charge transfer portion 60 and the FET portion 82. These terminal portions are electrically connected to a conductive aluminum wiring 86 formed on the PSG film 78 via a contact hole 84. If described in detail with reference to FIG. 1, the electrodes forming the terminals of the charge transfer section
- the PSG film 78 located above a part of 80 has a through-hole forming a contact hole 84, and the conductive aluminum wiring 86 is electrically connected to the terminal via the through-hole. It is connected. And? Above the 50 film 78, an SIN film (thin film) 106 described later is formed.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing the state of the aluminum wiring 86 and the contact hole 84 in the horizontal charge transfer section.
- the aluminum wiring 86 is formed so as to cover the contact hole 84, and establishes an electrical connection between the terminal of the charge transfer section and the aluminum wiring 86.
- the terminal section here is where the aluminum wiring 86 passing through the contact hole 84 connects a part of the horizontal charge transfer section 60 and a part of the vertical charge transfer section 62.
- the aluminum wiring 86 formed on the PSG film 78 has a horizontal charge transfer section 60, a vertical charge transfer section 62, a substrate connection section 96, a reset gate terminal section 98, and a reset drain terminal section 100.
- the output drain terminal section 102 and the output source terminal section 104 are electrically connected. Also support As shown in FIG. 7, the connection terminal portion between the substrate 44 and the CCD element 20 is electrically connected to the support substrate 44 and, as shown in FIG. 8 are formed, and a convex bump 47 made of Au is formed on the bonding pad 48.
- the SiN film 106 has SiN as a main component, and is formed on the entire surface A above the PSG film 78 and the aluminum wiring 86.
- the SiN film 106 located above each of the terminal portions is partially removed to secure electrical connection between the CCD element 20 and the support substrate 44, and the bonding pad 48 is formed.
- the bonding pad 48 is formed.
- a through-hole is formed in the SiN film 106 located above the bonding pad 48 forming the terminal of the conductive aluminum wiring 86.
- the bonding pad 48 is formed in the through hole, and the bump 47 is arranged in the through hole and provided so as to be connectable to the bonding pad 48.
- a semiconductor substrate 64 and a reverse conductivity type buried layer 66 are formed on 4, and a SiO 2 layer 70 is formed on the surface thereof.
- a photoresist using photoresist is applied to a portion of the buried layer 66 adjacent to one side of the storage electrode layer 72.
- An impurity is introduced by an ion implantation method to form a buried layer 66 and a barrier region 68 having a different impurity concentration.
- the barrier region 68 is covered so as to overlap the storage electrode layer 72 on one side and to have a gap with the storage electrode layer 72 on the other side.
- a transfer electrode layer 74 is formed, and a Si 2 layer 70 is formed again on the surface thereof.
- an impurity is introduced by ion implantation into the buried layer 66 in the gap between the storage electrode layer 72 and the transfer electrode layer 74 to form a barrier region 68 having a different impurity concentration from that of the buried layer 66.
- the barrier region 68 formed in the third step is covered and overlaps with the adjacent storage electrode layer 72 and transfer electrode layer 74, respectively. Is formed to form a barrier electrode layer 76 made of polysilicon, and a SiO 2 layer 70 is formed on the surface thereof.
- the PSG film 78 is flattened by reflowing (heating and melting) the PSG to smooth out the unevenness.
- the aluminum wiring 86 is arranged on the film 78, the electrodes 80 of the horizontal charge transfer section 60, the vertical charge transfer section 62, the PSG film 78 above the terminal section of the FET section 82, etc.
- the contact hole 84, the storage electrode layer 72, the transfer electrode layer 74, the barrier electrode layer 76 and the like are electrically connected to the aluminum wiring 86.
- a bonding pad 48 is formed on each terminal connected to the external circuit.
- a SiN film 106 is formed on the entire surface of the CCD element 20, that is, on the PSG film 78 by the CVD method or the like. After that, the SiN at the necessary portion such as the terminal portion is removed, and the bonding pad 48 is exposed to form an electrode.
- the peripheral portion 20 The central part 20a, ie, the electron incident part 59, is thinned to about 20 m by masking b with SIN and performing chemical etching.
- chemical etching a K ⁇ H solution or a mixed solution of hydrofluoric acid: nitric acid: acetic acid can be used.
- an impurity layer is doped into the electron incident portion 59 on the back surface B by ion implantation to form an accumulation layer, and the signal charge generated near the interface of the back surface B is transferred to the CCD element 20.
- the structure is such that it easily flows into the potential well.
- the bump 47 on the bonding pad 48 formed on the peripheral portion 20b of the CCD element 20 and the support substrate 44 are formed.
- the bonding pad 49 is thermocompression-bonded with heat of about 300 ° C.
- an aluminum wiring 53 for ensuring electrical connection from the bonding pad 49 to the connection portion of the wire 54 and a groove 52 are formed on the support substrate 44 in advance.
- the groove 52 can be formed by etching with a KOH solution or the like.
- an insulating filler material 50 is poured into the joint and cured.
- the insulating filling material 50 is filled from two opposing sides where the groove 52 is formed, the insulating material 50 is interposed between the CCD element 20 and the support substrate 44 by capillary action. Good filling becomes possible.
- the groove 52 since the groove 52 is formed, it is possible to prevent the formation of an air pocket, and to prevent the CCD element 20 from being damaged due to expansion of air without escape. Excessive insulating material 50 flows into groove 52 or stops at the end of groove 52 due to surface tension, and does not adhere to the center 20 a of the surface of CCD element 20. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the central portion 20a of the CCD element 20 from being deformed when the insulating material 50 is cured.
- the support substrate 44 and the base plate 40 are joined together using an adhesive 43, and The aluminum wiring 53 on the holding substrate 44 and the base plate 40 are electrically connected. Thereafter, the shield electrode 56 is resistance-welded to the base plate 40.
- the input face plate 14 with a thin Cr layer deposited on the vacuum side, and the side tube 12 and the stem 16 connected via a flange or the like are introduced into the transfer device, and the inside of the device is evacuated. And baking at a temperature of about 300. After baking, K, Cs, and Na act on the input face plate 14 to form the photocathode 18.
- the photocathode 18 activates III-V group semiconductor crystals such as GaAs or GaAsP bonded to the input faceplate 14 in advance by introducing Cs and ⁇ 2. May be used.
- the SiN film 106 formed on the surface of the CCD element 20 does not release gas in a vacuum even when exposed to heat of about 300 ° C, the electron tube 10 is extremely stable. Can be manufactured.
- the input face plate 14 is connected to the side tube 12 using the In material 32 and sealed, so that the electron tube 10 is completed.
- the distance between the photocathode 18 and the CCD element 20 is about 2 mm.
- a voltage is applied to the flange 26 to activate the gate 34 as appropriate, so that the residual gas in the tube can be adsorbed.
- a high voltage of ⁇ 8 kV is applied to the photoelectric surface 18 of the electron tube 10, and the electron incident portion 59 of the CCD element 20 is grounded. Therefore, the electrons emitted from the photocathode 18 into the vacuum region in the electron tube 10 according to the light intensity incident on the photocathode 18 are accelerated by the electric field, and are accelerated by the electron incident portion 59 of the CCD element 20. Driven. The accelerated electrons generate a large number of electron-hole pairs when losing energy in the semiconductor substrate 64 made of silicon, and when the applied voltage is 18 kV, about 200 000 Double gain is obtained.
- alkali metals such as Na, K, and Cs are introduced into the tube, and the CCD element 20 is also exposed to these alkali metals. I have. Consequently alkali metal, mixed in the charge transfer portion of the substrate of the C CD device 20 is a semiconductor device, and reaches the gate S I_ ⁇ 2 film, fixed charge of that portion increases the interface state, CCD element The characteristics of the child 20 are significantly deteriorated.
- the SIN film 106 is formed on the entire outermost surface of the CCD element 20, the metal introduced into the tube may enter the element. Disappears.
- the alkali metal reaches the S I_ ⁇ 2 film 70, without degrading the characteristics of the CCD element 20, for realizing highly sensitive electron tube.
- S i N to form a S i N film 1 0 6 are known to have high electrical conductivity as compared with S i 0 2. Therefore, there is an effect of preventing the side tube 12 ⁇ stem 16, which is an insulator on the surface of the CCD element 20 or the inside of the electron tube 10, from being charged by the influence of stray electrons or the like. As a result, it is possible to reduce the influence of the charge on the surface and the peripheral portion of the CCD element 20 on the charge transfer section, the readout section, and the like, thereby realizing a highly sensitive electron tube.
- the electron tube 10 since a high gain is obtained as described above, the signal amount of the image is sufficiently large as compared with the noise component of the CCD element 20, the SZN ratio is large, and the single tube Tons of imaging are also possible.
- MCP Micro Channel Plate
- the aperture ratio is improved, the unevenness of the phosphor screen is reduced, and conversion is performed in a fiber-coupled fiber optical plate (F0P). There are advantages such as no loss.
- the formation of the SiN film 106 makes it possible to prevent the CCD element 20 from being damaged by an alkali or an acid in the manufacturing process of the CCD element 20. This also has the effect of preventing the penetration of metal into the CCD element 20 when an alkaline corrosive liquid is used.
- the PSG film 78 formed below the SiN film 106 facilitates the formation of the SiN film 106 by flattening the surface of the CCD element 20, and furthermore, the SiN film 106 This has the effect of making the N film 106 difficult to peel off. It also has the effect of reducing the stress on the joint surface due to temperature changes.
- the electron tube according to the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications are possible.
- the SiON film 106 is formed on the outermost surface of the CCD element 20, but this may be a film formed from SiON.
- S i ON is a predetermined ratio of S i N under the condition that alkali metal is not permeated and electrical conductivity can be kept higher than S i O 2. Is a combination of oxygen. Further, the ratio of oxygen in the SiO 2 film may not be uniform, but may be gradually changing spatially. Note that, of course, SION also belongs to silicon nitride in concept.
- the PSG film 78 is formed below the SiN film 106, but it is formed of a polyphosphorite silicate glass (BPSG), a spin-on glass (SOG), a polyimide film, or the like. May be.
- BPSG polyphosphorite silicate glass
- SOG spin-on glass
- polyimide film or the like. May be.
- the aluminum wiring 86 is used as the conductive wiring.
- this conductive wiring is a wiring formed of A1-Si, Al-Si-Cu, or other metal having a high melting point. It may be. Industrial applicability
- the electron tube according to the present invention is widely used for an imaging device in a low illuminance region, for example, a surveillance camera.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Image-Pickup Tubes, Image-Amplification Tubes, And Storage Tubes (AREA)
- Solid State Image Pick-Up Elements (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE69941131T DE69941131D1 (de) | 1999-01-21 | 1999-01-21 | Elektronenstrahlröhre |
US09/868,883 US6583558B1 (en) | 1997-07-24 | 1999-01-21 | Electron tube |
AU20738/99A AU2073899A (en) | 1999-01-21 | 1999-01-21 | Electron tube |
PCT/JP1999/000213 WO2000044027A1 (fr) | 1999-01-21 | 1999-01-21 | Tube electronique |
EP99901128A EP1152448B1 (en) | 1999-01-21 | 1999-01-21 | Electron tube |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1999/000213 WO2000044027A1 (fr) | 1999-01-21 | 1999-01-21 | Tube electronique |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000044027A1 true WO2000044027A1 (fr) | 2000-07-27 |
Family
ID=14234769
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1999/000213 WO2000044027A1 (fr) | 1997-07-24 | 1999-01-21 | Tube electronique |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1152448B1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2073899A (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69941131D1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2000044027A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1328957A1 (en) * | 2000-08-31 | 2003-07-23 | Intevac, Inc. | Vacuum tube housing comprising a plurality of intermediate planar plates having non-monotonically aperture arrangement |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4373695B2 (ja) | 2003-04-16 | 2009-11-25 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 裏面照射型光検出装置の製造方法 |
EP1734584A1 (en) * | 2005-06-14 | 2006-12-20 | Photonis-DEP B.V. | Electron bombarded image sensor array device as well as such an image sensor array |
JP5844580B2 (ja) * | 2011-09-05 | 2016-01-20 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 固体撮像素子及び固体撮像素子の実装構造 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH07169928A (ja) * | 1993-12-15 | 1995-07-04 | Nikon Corp | 固体撮像装置の製造方法 |
JP2821062B2 (ja) * | 1992-07-09 | 1998-11-05 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 半導体エネルギー検出器の製造方法 |
JPH1140087A (ja) * | 1997-07-24 | 1999-02-12 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | 電子管 |
JP6066922B2 (ja) * | 2010-12-21 | 2017-01-25 | シンジェンタ パーティシペーションズ アーゲー | 新規なブロッコリー植物およびその使用 |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3864724A (en) * | 1972-10-11 | 1975-02-04 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Target structure for single tube type color television cameras |
US4044374A (en) * | 1976-01-19 | 1977-08-23 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Semiconductor device header suitable for vacuum tube applications |
US4682021A (en) * | 1986-01-29 | 1987-07-21 | Rca Corporation | Header assembly for an intensified charge coupled image sensor |
-
1999
- 1999-01-21 DE DE69941131T patent/DE69941131D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-01-21 EP EP99901128A patent/EP1152448B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-21 AU AU20738/99A patent/AU2073899A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-01-21 WO PCT/JP1999/000213 patent/WO2000044027A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2821062B2 (ja) * | 1992-07-09 | 1998-11-05 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 半導体エネルギー検出器の製造方法 |
JPH07169928A (ja) * | 1993-12-15 | 1995-07-04 | Nikon Corp | 固体撮像装置の製造方法 |
JPH1140087A (ja) * | 1997-07-24 | 1999-02-12 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | 電子管 |
JP6066922B2 (ja) * | 2010-12-21 | 2017-01-25 | シンジェンタ パーティシペーションズ アーゲー | 新規なブロッコリー植物およびその使用 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP1152448A4 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1328957A1 (en) * | 2000-08-31 | 2003-07-23 | Intevac, Inc. | Vacuum tube housing comprising a plurality of intermediate planar plates having non-monotonically aperture arrangement |
EP1328957A4 (en) * | 2000-08-31 | 2007-11-14 | Intevac Inc | UNDERPRESSURE TUBE HOUSING WITH MULTIPLE PLANAR INTERMEDIATE PLATES WITH A NONMONOTONIC APERTURE ARRANGEMENT |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69941131D1 (de) | 2009-08-27 |
EP1152448A4 (en) | 2006-04-19 |
EP1152448A1 (en) | 2001-11-07 |
AU2073899A (en) | 2000-08-07 |
EP1152448B1 (en) | 2009-07-15 |
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