Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
  • F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
  • F24S20/66—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of facade constructions, e.g. wall constructions
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
  • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

Definitions

• the invention relates to a flat facade element for absorbing or releasing thermal energy via the front, in which the thermal energy is removed or supplied via a liquid or gaseous heat transfer medium on the rear, with the features of the type described in the preamble of claim 1.
• Building envelopes which are formed from facade learning, have multiple tasks and therefore have different properties.
• the shell or its facade elements thus serve a technically functional purpose, such as weather protection.
• the facade elements have optical properties, such as the color or the design of the surface, and finally the facade elements also have an aesthetic function, which is used in the directional arrangement of a designed front of the facade elements for decorative purposes.
• a building envelope consisting of facade elements also serves to protect the house from heat and cold.
• the design of the thermal insulation largely determines the heating energy requirement. Good thermal insulation therefore helps to conserve resources and reduce CO 2 emissions. Facade elements for heat and cold protection of the buildings must have a high weather resistance and allow a long service life because of a long service life and an extension of the maintenance cycles increases the economic quality of the facade element.
• solar collectors are generally used for the thermal use of solar energy, which convert the solar radiation incident on the surface of the facade element into heat with the aid of absorbers or collectors.
• the so-called strip absorber is known from the prior art and consists of an approximately 10-20 cm wide sheet metal strip which is coated on one side, the front, with a generally selective solar absorber layer. On the other side, the back, there is a tube which is attached centrally to the back of the solar absorber strip and which is filled with a liquid heat transfer medium. The liquid heat transfer medium is heated by the heat energy transferred via the sheet metal strip to the pipe for transporting the heat transfer medium and then transported on as heat energy to the consumer or storage.
• the tube on the back of the sheet metal strip for transporting the heat transfer medium is firmly attached to the back of the sheet metal strip to achieve good thermal contact between the back of the sheet metal strip and the tube, for example by welding, rolling, rolling into the sheet metal strip or riveting.
• the front of the sheet metal strip is also affected, ie the absorber coating applied as a rule for thermal use and conversion of the solar energy into thermal energy is damaged becomes, which on the one hand leads to a loss of performance in energy consumption at the damaged areas and on the other hand to a considerable impairment of the optical and aesthetic properties of a decorative image of the absorber on the front.
• strip absorber Another disadvantage of the strip absorber is that the facade elements used in practice - with a width of more than one meter, for example, are considerably wider than a strip absorber with an assembled tube. If you were to bring the width of the strip absorber to the width of the facade element, then large sheet thicknesses would be required to dissipate the heat in the absorber area, which would both increase the weight significantly and cause high costs, so that they are not used in practice.
• the front of the strip absorber or the facade element formed by the strip absorber is exposed to internal mechanical stresses due to the fastening of the tube on its back, in particular when the rolled-up strip absorber is unrolled again and is spanned in one level as a facade element.
• the strip absorber Due to its small width, the strip absorber also limits the design of the facade by means of facade elements when selecting the materials on the front, the shape of the facade elements and the directional orientation of the facade elements, i.e. there is neither a free choice for any and changing orientation of the facade elements nor regarding the length and width of the facade elements.
• the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a suitable and inexpensive sheet-like facade element for heat energy absorption or heat energy emission which has no technical, optical or aesthetic impairment of its surface on the front, and in which the front is also not exposed to any internal mechanical stresses is that any choice of materials, shape and quality of the surface on the front, an arrangement in any and changing orientations of the facade elements and the free choice of their length and width allows an increase or decrease in the or supplied thermal energy per facade element allowed and finally the formation of large z.
• the facade element consists of at least two sheet-like supports which form separate levels. These two carriers each have their own function.
• the first of the two carriers is designed as a heat conversion carrier - for converting radiation into heat - and the second of the two carriers as a heat transfer carrier to the flowable heat transfer medium.
• the two levels of the first and second supports are preferably parallel to one another.
• the two carriers are joined together with the aid of a connecting means.
• the advantage is achieved that the surface of the front of the facade element - in this case the first support designed as a heat conversion support - has no impairment technical type and is not subject to any optical or aesthetic restriction, since the separation of the heat dissipation via the second carrier designed as a heat transfer carrier allows a completely free choice in the choice of material for the first carrier, in its shape both in terms of the surface and its dimensions and also in terms of type the surface coating is enabled, which can be designed to promote the absorption of heat energy or heat energy output.
• Another advantage of the facade element according to the invention is that in the case of the facade elements, which are generally more than one meter wide, on the front of the facade element, depending on the prevailing conditions of the application, an increase or decrease in the heat energy output per facade element can be made in that several absorber strips can be provided for a large front of a facade element, since the absorber strips in the form of the second carrier designed as a heat transfer carrier can be attached several times on the back of the first carrier designed as a heat conversion carrier.
• the surface of the front of the first support of the facade element which is designed as a heat conversion support, can be covered, for example, with solar absorber layers and / or any other functional or decorative coating can be applied there without the heat transfer to the second support designed as a heat transfer support being impaired.
• first carrier designed as a heat conversion carrier and the second carrier of the facade element designed as a heat transfer carrier can be carried out in two different ways.
• first carrier which is designed as a heat conversion carrier
• second carrier which is designed as a heat transfer carrier
• the connection takes place between the rear of the first carrier designed as a heat conversion carrier and the front of the second carrier designed as a heat transfer carrier.
• an adhesive with high temperature resistance and good thermal conductivity is selected as the connecting means.
• the thermal energy absorbed by the first carrier designed as a heat conversion carrier is then transferred from the rear side of the first carrier to the front side of the second carrier via the connecting means in the form of an adhesive and then enters the tube, which is filled with the heat transfer medium, on the rear side of the second carrier, which is designed as a heat transfer carrier.
• the embodiment described above is particularly suitable for applications in which very high temperatures can occur on the facade element, which, due to the choice of the properties of the connecting means designed as an adhesive, also allows the facade element to cope with very high temperatures.
• the second embodiment when the first carrier, which is designed as a heat conversion carrier, is joined together with the second carrier, which is designed as a heat transfer carrier, is that this connection is made by a connecting means designed as a supporting cover or holding layer.
• the carrying cover connects the back of the first support designed as a heat conversion support and the back of the second support designed as a heat transfer support by covering these two rear sides.
• the front of the heat transfer support lies directly on the back of the heat conversion support without connecting means.
• the connecting means designed as a load-bearing cover can consist of foamed insulating material, such as polyurethane.
• the connecting means designed as a load-bearing cover can also be designed as an elastic film, as an elastic mat or the like.
• a load-bearing blanket as a connecting means in the form of foamed insulation Material contains the advantage that thermal insulation of the facade element or the heat transfer support is produced during the manufacture of the facade element.
• the connecting element provided with adhesive properties provides a static stabilization of the facade element consisting of the first and second supports, so that even larger flat surfaces of the front of the facade element can be produced for such large areas without additional structural stabilizing elements and measures.
• Figure 1 is a partial and sectional view of the facade element of the invention in a first embodiment, with a connecting means designed as an adhesive.
• FIG. 2 shows a partial and sectional illustration of the facade element in a second embodiment with a connecting means designed as a supporting ceiling; and Fig. 3/4 in partial and sectional view of the facade element in forms deviating from plane levels.
• the facade element 1 according to the invention of a first embodiment can be seen in a partial and sectional view from FIG.
• the facade element 1 consists of two separate supports, each of which forms a separate plane, namely a first flat support which is designed as a heat conversion support 2 and a second flat support which is designed as a heat transfer support 3.
• the first support, designed as a heat conversion support 2 represents the facade part of the facade element 1 as part of a building envelope, the front side 4 of which faces the atmosphere surrounding the building.
• the solar radiation or the heat energy radiated by the sun thus falls on the front side 4 of the heat conversion carrier 2.
• the heat energy radiated by the sun is converted into heat energy in the first carrier designed as a heat conversion carrier 2.
• the front side 4 of the heat conversion carrier 2 can be provided with a coating.
• This coating can be designed as a solar absorber layer, with any coatings being able to be chosen, since the back of the first carrier designed as a heat conversion carrier 2 is not mechanically stressed by the fastening of the pipes for the heat transfer medium, which will be described later.
• Decorative and aesthetic aspects can thus be taken into account when coating the front side 4 of the first carrier designed as a heat conversion carrier 2 find without fear of influencing the surface of the front 4 of the heat conversion carrier 2 by the attachment of the tubes.
• colored coating systems with a high degree of solar absorption and reduced heat radiation losses can be applied, which enable a colored solar architecture made of prefabricated facade elements for the active use of solar energy for heating purposes.
• the second carrier designed as a heat transfer carrier 3 is assigned to the first carrier formed as a heat conversion carrier 2 in a second level.
• the second carrier designed as a heat transfer carrier 3 has the function of the strip absorber known from the prior art. It consists of a heat-conducting sheet, which is designed, for example, as a 10 to 20 cm wide sheet metal strip. However, it is very important in the case of the heat transfer carrier 3 according to the invention that it is an inexpensive strip absorber which, in contrast to the prior art, has no coating in particular on its front side 5. Ie for the as Heat transfer support 3 trained second support can be used very cheap uncoated sheet.
• the above-mentioned separation of the two functions of the facade element 1 also makes it possible to simply vary the number of strip absorbers used per facade element 1 in the form of the heat transfer carrier 3 on the back of the first carrier designed as a conversion carrier 2, ie the number of arranged there Increase or decrease heat transfer carrier 3 and thus adapt them to the needs required for the respective application.
• the hydraulic connection of the tubes 7 for the heat transfer medium can also be selected and changed as desired, but this is not shown here. This can be in the case of heat absorption or If the heat is emitted via the facade element, change the heat energy output per facade element.
• the tubes 7 for the heat transfer medium on the rear side 6 of the heat transfer carrier 3 can, for example, be attached centrally on the rear side 6, but any other position of the tubes on the rear side 6 of the heat transfer carrier 3 can also be carried out.
• first supports which are designed as heat conversion supports 2, and the second supports, designed as heat transfer supports 3, are connected to one another in such a way that the first and second supports are connected to one another with the aid of sheet-like connecting means which extend at least over the entire heat transfer support surface of the second support are joined together, the connecting means each having adhesive properties on their surface.
• the material properties of the connecting means are chosen such that a first carrier, which is designed as a heat conversion carrier 2 and a second carrier which is designed as a heat transfer carrier 3, is in a plastic, flowable state for the duration of the application and assembly and, after completion of the joining, is in a solid state State-of-the-art lanyard is used.
• the adhesives of the connecting means are selected in such a way that the connecting means have adhesive properties that are tailored and defined for the particular application of the facade element.
• the joining of the first carrier designed as a heat conversion carrier 2 and the second carrier designed as a heat transfer carrier 3 to the facade element 1 can be done in two different ways.
• the first form consists in that the joining of the first and the second carrier takes place by means of a connecting means designed as an adhesive between the rear side 8 of the first carrier designed as a heat conversion carrier and the front side 5 of the second carrier designed as a heat transfer carrier 3.
• the connecting means designed as an adhesive is selected such that the material of the adhesive has a high temperature resistance.
• the composite agent selected as the adhesive material has a high thermal conductivity. It can be seen in particular from FIG.
• the rear side 8 of the first carrier designed as a heat conversion carrier 2 is connected with the adhesive 9 to the front side 5 of the second carrier designed as a heat transfer carrier 3.
• This sticking of the front 5 of the heat transfer support 3 to the back 8 of the heat conversion support 2 also causes a static stabilization of the entire facade element 1, so that the generally large flat surfaces of a facade element 1 can also be installed in the building envelope without additional stabilization aids.
• an adhesive 9 with high temperature resistance is selected as the connecting means in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, the facade elements 1 produced with this adhesive can be used particularly in an environment which generates very high temperatures in the facade elements, which is why Manufacture of facade parts with large surfaces cheaper by saving additional stabilizing parts.
• the heat transfer carrier 3 and the heat conversion carrier 2 are on the respective rear sides 6 and 8 to prevent heat losses from the carrier 2 or the tube 7 fastened there for the heat transfer medium applied a heat insulation material. Stone wool or any other insulating material suitable for such an insulation purpose can be used as the material.
• a further exemplary embodiment in a second form of joining the first and second sheet-like supports 2 and 3 can be realized by a Lanyard formed lanyard.
• the carrying cover covers the rear side 8 of the first carrier 2 designed as a heat conversion carrier and the rear side 6 of the second carrier designed as a heat transfer carrier 3 and connects them to one another.
• the front side 5 of the heat transfer carrier 3 lies directly on the rear side 8 of the heat conversion carrier 2 without an intermediate connecting means.
• the supporting blanket provided with adhesive properties on its surface not only covers the rear side 6 of the heat transfer carrier 3, but also the complete rear side 8 of the heat conversion carrier 2, that no moisture can get to the back of the two carriers and no moisture can get between the front 5 of the heat transfer carrier 3 and the back 8 of the heat conversion carrier 2 and thus no contact corrosion occurs.
• the connecting means designed as a load-bearing cover according to the second exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 can consist, for example, of foamed insulating material 10, for which purpose, for example, foamed polyurethane or any other insulating material suitable for such a purpose can be selected.
• the trained as a blanket The connecting means can also consist, for example, of an elastic film, a mat or the like, the surface of the supporting cover in each case having to have adhesive properties and the load-bearing capacity and the thickness of the connecting means designed as a supporting cover being selected in accordance with the intended use.
• the tubes 7 on the rear side 6 of the heat transfer support 3 are completely enclosed by the foamed insulating material 10 and are thus also thermally insulated.
• the heat transfer medium circulating in the tubes 7 can consist, for example, in liquid form in the form of water, glucol or mixtures of these two substances or any other medium suitable for heat transport, such as gases. If, in the second exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, no foamed insulating material is used for the assembly of the first and second carriers with their rear sides 8 and 6, but for example a film is used, the rear sides of the first and second carriers are also additionally provided with thermal insulation material Provide thermal insulation.
• the front side 4 of the first support of the facade element which is designed as a heat conversion support 2
• the front side 4 of the heat conversion carrier 2 of the facade element 1 is provided with means for promoting the Heat absorption or provided with means to promote heat dissipation.
• One means of promoting the absorption of heat is to cover the front side 4 of the heat conversion carrier 2 of the facade element with a solar absorber layer, which are available in different versions.
• the facade elements according to the invention make it possible to control the heat flow into the building envelope or out of the building envelope, which leads to a reduction in the cooling load, for example, or also enables the operation of solar-powered cooling systems and thus, in an environmentally friendly manner, the comfort of living in such a manner Building envelope provided house improved.
• the facade element 1 according to the invention can also be designed into a building envelope in unplanned processing, as can be seen from FIGS. 3 and 4.
• FIG. 3 shows a trapezoidal outside of the building envelope, which is backfilled with a foamed insulating material 10.
• FIG. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment called a standard facade, which is also completely backfilled with foamed insulating material 10.
• Facade element heat conversion support (first support) heat transfer support (second support) front (first support) front (second support) back (second support) pipes back (first support) adhesive insulation material

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Citations (4)

• 1998
  • 1998-12-22 DE DE19859308A patent/DE19859308A1/de not_active Ceased
• 1999
  • 1999-12-21 WO PCT/DE1999/004075 patent/WO2000037861A1/de active Application Filing

Patent Citations (4)

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