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  • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
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  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/50—Solvents
  • C11D7/5036—Azeotropic mixtures containing halogenated solvents
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  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
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  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
  • C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
  • C23G5/02—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents
  • C23G5/028—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing halogenated hydrocarbons
  • C23G5/02803—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing halogenated hydrocarbons containing fluorine
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
  • G03G11/00—Selection of substances for use as fixing agents
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  • C11D7/32—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C11D7/3281—Heterocyclic compounds

Definitions

• compositions comprising 1,1,1.3.3-pentafluorobutane and use of these compositions
• the invention relates to compositions comprising 1,1,1,3.3-pentafluorobutane and their use, for example as a solvent in particular for drying or degreasing or as a refrigerant.
• CFCs chlorofluorocarbons
• HCFCs hydrochlorofluorocarbons
• This type of compound is used, among other things, as a solvent or as a cooling agent.
• CFC-113 for example, is used as a degreasing solvent or surface cleaning.
• HCFC-141b has been used for these applications.
• the latter compound is also used with surfactants. in drying agents.
• CFC-1 1 and HCFC-123 are used, for example, as a refrigerant in turbochargers.
• the invention aims to remedy these problems.
• the invention therefore relates to compositions comprising 1.1.1.3.3- pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc) and more than 5% by weight of at least one nonflammable fluorinated compound selected from perfluorocarbons.
• the hydrofluorocarbons comprising more than 3 carbon atoms, fluorinated amines and fluorinated ethers.
• compositions of the invention have good properties with regard to their flammability and good technical properties for a wide range of applications.
• 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane has the particular advantage of being miscible with non-flammable fluorinated compounds and of being compatible with additives or solvents usually used in applications as mentioned above.
• non-flammable fluorinated compound or non-flammable composition means any compound or composition which does not have a flash point determined according to ISO Standard 1523.
• hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and the non-flammable perfluorocarbons which can be used in the compositions according to the invention can be linear, branched or cyclic and generally contain 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 carbon atoms.
• hydrofluorocarbons those comprising at least 5 carbon atoms are very suitable.
• 1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane (HFC-43-10mee) is particularly preferred.
• perfluorocarbons those comprising at least 5 carbon atoms are very suitable.
• Perfluoropentane and perfluorohexane are preferred.
• Perfluoropentane and perfluorohexane are often used in the form of technical mixtures of isomers as marketed for example by 3M under the respective names of PF5050 for perfluoropentane and PF5060 for perfluorohexane.
• the non-flammable fluorinated ethers and fluorinated amines which can be used in the compositions according to the invention can be linear, branched or cyclic and generally contain 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 carbon atoms.
• fluorinated ethers those comprising at least 4 carbon atoms are very suitable.
• Perfluorobutyl methyl ether is particularly preferred.
• fluorinated amines those comprising at least 4 carbon atoms are very suitable.
• Perfluorotriethylamine is particularly preferred.
• non-flammable fluorinated compounds have a boiling point at 101.3 kPa greater than or equal to 15 ° C.
• the boiling point is greater than or equal to 20 ° C.
• the boiling point is less than or equal to 130 ° C at 101.3 kPa.
• the boiling point is less than or equal to 100 ° C.
• the boiling point is less than or equal to 85 ° C. - j -
• the numerical ratio F / H (number of fluorine atoms in the molecule divided by the number of hydrogen atoms in the molecule) of non-flammable fluorinated compounds is greater than 2.
• a numerical ratio F / H greater than or equal to 2 , 5 is fine.
• the numerical ratio F / H is greater than or equal to 3.
• the amount of non-flammable fluorinated compounds is greater than 5% by weight relative to the mixture consisting of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane and non-flammable fluorinated compounds. Often an amount greater than or equal to 10% by weight is used. An amount greater than or equal to 20% by weight is preferred. An amount greater than or equal to 25% by weight is suitable. An amount greater than or equal to 30% by weight gives good results. Particularly preferably, an effective amount of non-flammable fluorinated compound is used which makes the composition non-flammable, that is to say that the composition does not have a flash point determined according to ISO 1523. Generally, the amount of compounds fluorinated non-flammable in the compositions according to the invention is at most 90% by weight.
• compositions according to the invention comprise, as non-flammable compound, at least perfluoropentane, perfluorohexane, perfluorobutyl-methyl ether or a mixture of these.
• a preferred variant of the compositions according to the invention relates to compositions comprising
• thermodynamic state of a fluid is defined by four interdependent variables: pressure (P), temperature (T), composition of the liquid phase (X) and composition of the gas phase (Y).
• a true azeotrope is a particular system with 2 or more components for which, at a given temperature and at a given pressure, the composition of the liquid phase X is exactly equal to the composition of the gas phase Y.
• a pseudo-azeotrope is a 2 or more component system for which, at a given temperature and at a given pressure, X is substantially equal to Y. In practice, this means that the constituents of such azeotropic and pseudo-azeotropic systems cannot be separated easily by distillation and therefore is n enriches not flammable compound in the gas phase.
• pseudo- azeotropic mixture is understood to mean a mixture of two constituents whose boiling point (at a given pressure) differs from the boiling point of the true azeotrope by 0.5 ° C. at maximum. Mixtures whose boiling point differs from the boiling point of the true azeotrope by a maximum of 0.2 ° C are preferred. Mixtures whose boiling point differs from the boiling point of the true azeotrope by 0.1 ° C or less are particularly preferred. 1,1,3,3,3 -pentafluorobutane and perfluoropentane form a binary azeotrope or pseudo-azeotrope when their mixture contains approximately 50 to 87% by weight of perfluoropentane.
• Binary compositions containing about 50 to 70% by weight of perfluoropentane are preferred. Binary compositions containing about 50 to 60% by weight are particularly preferred. Binary compositions containing about 65 to 80% by weight of perfluoropentane are also preferred. Binary compositions containing about 70 to 78% by weight are particularly preferred. Under a pressure of 100.1 + - 0.2 kPa. the binary composition consisting essentially of approximately 26% by weight of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane and approximately 74% by weight of perfluoropentane constitutes a true azeotrope, the boiling point of which is approximately 24.4 ° C.
• 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane and perfluorohexane form an azeotrope or a binary pseudo-azeotrope when their mixture contains approximately 20 to 60% by weight of perfluorohexane.
• Binary compositions containing about 25 to 45% by weight of perfluorohexane are preferred.
• Binary compositions containing about 32 to 42% by weight of perfluorohexane are particularly preferred.
• Binary compositions containing approximately 35 to 40% by weight of perfluorohexane are very particularly preferred.
• the binary composition consisting essentially of approximately 64% by weight of 1,1, 1,3, 3 -pentafluorobutane and approximately 36% by weight of perfluorohexane constitutes a true azeotrope , whose boiling point is around 36.4 ° C. This composition is very particularly preferred.
• the invention also relates to compositions comprising 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane, at least one non-flammable fluorinated compound and at least one non-fluorinated organic solvent.
• the non-flammable fluorinated compound the non-flammable fluorinated compounds mentioned above are preferred.
• non-fluorinated organic solvent are suitable, for example, hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters or ketones or ethers.
• the hydrocarbons which can be used in the compositions according to the invention can be linear, branched or cyclic and generally contain 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 1 1 or 12 carbon atoms.
• Hydrocarbons comprising at least 5 carbon atoms are very suitable.
• the hydrocarbons contain at least 6 carbon atoms.
• alkanes or alkenes compounds comprising from 5 to 12 carbon atoms are preferred. N-hexane or n-heptane or n-octane are well suited.
• aromatic hydrocarbons those which comprise at least one alkyl substituent on a benzene ring are preferred.
• Toluene, 1,2-xylene, 1,3-xylene, 1,4-xylene or mixtures thereof are very particularly preferred.
• the chlorinated hydrocarbons which can be used in the compositions according to the invention can be linear, branched or cyclic and generally contain 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 carbon atoms. Chlorinated hydrocarbons comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms are very suitable. Preferably, the chlorinated hydrocarbons comprise 1 or 2 carbon atoms.
• the chlorinated alkanes dichloromethane, trichloromethane and 1,2-dichloroethane are preferred.
• chlorinated alkenes perchlorethylene and 1, 2-dichlorethylene are preferred. Trans-1,2-dichlorethylene is very particularly preferred.
• 1,2-dichlorethylene has the property of forming azeotropic or pseudo-azeotropic mixtures with 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane. which can have advantages for certain applications.
• Azeotropic or pseudo-azeotropic mixtures as well as ternary azeotropic or pseudo-azeotropic mixtures further comprising an alkanol are described in US Pat. No. 5,478,492 in the name of the applicant, the content of which is incorporated by reference in the present application.
• the alcohols used in the compositions according to the invention can be linear, branched or cyclic and generally contain 1, 2, 3. 4. 5. 6. 7, 8. 9 or 10 carbon atoms. Alcohols comprising 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 carbon atoms are very suitable. Preferably the alcohols comprise 1, 2. 3 or 4 carbon atoms.
• alkanols methanol, ethanol. n-propanol. isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol and tert-butanol are preferred.
• Methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and isobutanol give good results. Isobutanol is very particularly preferred.
• Methanol has the property of forming azeotropic or pseudo-azeotropic mixtures with 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane, which can have advantages for certain applications.
• the azeotropic or pseudo-azeotropic mixtures contain from 93 to 99% by weight of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane and from 1 to 7% of methanol.
• the true azeotrope contains approximately 96.2% by weight of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane and approximately 3.8% by weight of methanol.
• Ethanol has the property of forming azeotropic or pseudo-azeotropic mixtures with 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane, which can have advantages for certain applications.
• Azeotropic or pseudo-azeotropic mixtures are described in US Pat. No. 5,445,757 in the name of the applicant, the content of which is incorporated by reference into the present application.
• esters which can be used in the compositions according to the invention can be linear, branched or cyclic and generally contain 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 carbon atoms. Esters comprising 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 carbon atoms are very suitable.
• the esters are derived from a carboxylic acid comprising at least 2 carbon atoms.
• the esters are derived from an alkanol selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol and tert.-butanol. Ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate and ethyl caproate are well suited.
• the ketones which can be used in the compositions according to the invention can be linear, branched or cyclic and generally contain 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 carbon atoms. Ketones comprising 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 carbon atoms are very suitable.
• ketones acetone, 2-butanone. 2- or 3- pentanones. methylisobutyl ketone, diisopropyl ketone, cyclohexanone and acetophenone are preferred. Methylisobutylketone is particularly preferred.
• Ethers used in the compositions according to the invention can be linear, branched or cyclic and generally contain 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 carbon atoms. Ethers comprising 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 carbon atoms are very suitable.
• aliphatic or alicyclic ethers diethyl ether, methyl isopropyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-dioxane are preferred.
• compositions according to the invention comprising at least one non-fluorinated organic solvent are particularly suitable for applications as a drying or degreasing solvent.
• solvent of drying means applications in which the compositions according to the invention are used to remove the water present on the surface of solid articles. Indeed a variety of different solvent polarity can be achieved while retaining the advantages with regard to the flammability of the compositions.
• these compositions make it possible to achieve good solubilization properties of surfactants required, for example, for drying solvents.
• Flammable or non-flammable solvents can be used.
• a flammable solvent it is preferred to use a solvent having a flash point greater than or equal to 0 ° C. More particularly, a flash point greater than or equal to 10 ° C. is preferred. Solvents with a flash point greater than or equal to 20 ° C are very particularly preferred.
• an inflammable non-fluorinated organic solvent use is preferably made of an effective quantity of non-flammable fluorinated compound so as to obtain a composition according to the invention non-flammable.
• the boiling point at 101.3 kPa is not critical. Generally, non-flammable solvents have a boiling point at 101.3 kPa greater than or equal to 15 ° C. Preferably the boiling point is greater than or equal to 20 ° C. Generally, the boiling point is less than or equal to 250 ° C at 101.3 kPa. Most often, the boiling point is less than or equal to 200 ° C.
• a nonfluorinated organic solvent miscible or immiscible with water Suitable for example for an application drying the substantially immiscible solvents with water.
• the nonfluorinated organic solvent content of a composition according to the invention comprising 1,1, 1,3,3-pentafluorobutane.
• at least one non-flammable fluorinated compound and at least one non-fluorinated organic solvent can be chosen according to the desired polarity and flammability of the composition. Generally this content is at most 20% by weight. Preferably it is at most 10% by weight.
• a non-fluorinated organic solvent is present, its content is generally at least 1% by weight. Preferably it is at least 2% by weight.
• compositions according to the invention optionally contain a surfactant.
• a surfactant Any surfactant well known per se and compatible with the compositions according to the invention can be used.
• the surfactant is used with compositions according to the invention comprising at least one non-fluorinated organic solvent, as described above. Indeed, these compositions are particularly suitable for achieving good solubility of the surfactant while retaining good properties as to the non-flammability of the compositions.
• Cationic, anionic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants can be used. It is possible to use, for example, fatty acids, fatty esters, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkanesulfonates, ⁇ -olefin sulfonates, esters of ⁇ -sulfonated fatty acids (SES), alkyl sulfates, sulfates of alkyl ether, quaternary ammonium compounds, polyethylene glycol alkyl ethers, polyethylene glycol phenyl ethers, fatty acid alkanolamides, fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, ethylene oxide block copolymers and propylene oxide, alkyl betaines, alkyl sulfobetaines, tetralkylammonium salts of mono- or dialkylphosphoric acids or surfactants comprising at least one
• compositions according to the invention used in particular as a drying agent is implemented, preferably a surfactant of imidazoline.
• imidazoline corresponds to the formula: in which R represents an alkyl or alkenyl chain comprising from 2 to 25 carbon atoms, Y has a hydroxyl or amino group and x is an integer from 1 to 20. Preferably x is from 1 to 12. Preferably the chain R has 10 to 20 carbon atoms. Imidazolines in which R represents a chain comprising 11 or 17 carbon atoms and x is equal to 2 are very particularly preferred.
• the imidazoline can be in the form of the free base or in the form of the salt, preferably mono- or dicarboxylate.
• the carboxylate part is preferably derived from a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid comprising from 4 to 22 carbon atoms. It is preferred to use imidazoline in free form or in the form of a monocarboxylate salt.
• a surfactant of the alkylbenzenesulfonate type is particularly suitable.
• this surfactant comprises an alkyl chain comprising from 4 to 22, preferably from 10 to 14 carbon atoms.
• Dodecylbenzenesulfonate of isopropylammonium is particularly preferred.
• a surfactant When a surfactant is present in a composition according to the invention, its content is generally at least 100 ppm (mg / kg). Often it is at least 500 ppm. Preferably it is at least 1000 ppm.
• the surfactant content is at most 5000 ppm. Often it is at most 4000 ppm, preferably it is at most 3000 ppm. When using an imidazoline type surfactant as described above, its particularly preferred content is approximately 2000 ppm.
• the table below shows, without limitation, a few preferred compositions according to the invention.
• compositions according to the invention can be used, for example, in solvent applications, as a drying agent, as a degreasing solvent or as a toner fixing agent.
• the compositions according to the invention can also be used as refrigerant or heat-transfer fluid.
• a drying agent is implemented, for example, in electronic industry, electromechanical or possibly cosmetic when water is to be eliminated adsorbed on a solid surface of an object after an aqueous treatment.
• the aqueous treatment can consist, for example, a cleaning operation, optionally in the presence of a surfactant.
• a surfactant Generally immersing the object after the aqueous treatment in a drying agent to the boiling state comprising a surfactant, followed by removal of the surfactant adhering to the surface of the object in a washing bath.
• the compositions according to the invention comprising a surfactant suitable for the drying operation.
• the compositions according to the invention free of surfactant are suitable for the bath layage for removing the surfactant.
• a degreasing solvent is used, for example, in the electronics or electromechanical industry to remove the grease adsorbed in particular on metal parts machined with grease. Generally, immersed one piece to be degreased in a degreasing solvent bath in a state of boiling.
• a degreasing solvent compositions according to the invention comprising a non-fluorinated organic solvent of high polarity, such as alkanols, in particular methanol or ethanol and / or those which comprise a chlorinated hydrocarbon.
• a toner fixing agent is used to fix toner particles on a support.
• Toner particles generally include a polymer and a pigment.
• the toner fixing agent is used to soften the polymer, which therefore ensures permanent adhesion of the particles to the support.
• Toner fixing agent is used in the form of vapors, usually generated by spraying drops of solvent onto, for example a hot plate. Suitable for this application are the non-flammable compositions according to the invention having good polymer solvent power.
• the non-flammable compositions according to the invention can advantageously be used as a drying agent in a drying machine or as a toner fixing agent in an industrial laser printer.
• compositions according to the invention are also well suited as a refrigerant, in particular as a substitute for CFC-1 1 (trichlorofluoromethane) or as a substitute for CFC-113 (1, 1,2- trichlorotrifluoroethane), especially for applications with a turbocharger.
• Turbochargers are used especially when you want to have large refrigeration outputs for air conditioning installations for example or for the process industry. Information on the application of refrigeration, heat transfer fluid and refrigeration with a turbocharger is contained, for example, in ULLMANN'S Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5 th ed., 1988, vol. B3, p. 19-2 to 19-39.
• compositions consisting essentially of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane and of one or more non-flammable fluoro compounds selected from perfluorohexane, perfluoropentane and perfluorobutyl methyl ether. especially if these compositions are azeotropic or pseudo-azeotropic.
• the compositions according to the invention comprising 1, 1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane and perfluoropentane, in particular those containing or suitable for use as a substitute for CFC-1 1 in refrigerant or heat transfer fluid applications being made up of 10 to 90% by weight of HFC-365mfc and 90 to 10% by weight of perfluoropentane.
• a preferred composition for this application consists of 25 to 30% by weight of HFC-365mfc and from 75 to 70% by weight of perfluoropentane.
• a composition containing from 27.0 to 27.2% by weight of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane and from 72.8 to 73.0% of perfluoropentane is very particularly preferred.
• compositions according to the invention comprising 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane and perfluorohexane, in particular those containing or suitable for use as a substitute for CFC-1 13 in refrigerant or heat transfer fluid applications consisting of 10 to 90% by weight of HFC-365mfc and 90 to 10% by weight of perfluorohexane; those comprising 1,1, 1,3, 3 -pentafluorobutane and perfluorobutyl-methyl ether, in particular those containing or consisting of 10 to 90% by weight of HFC-365mfc and 90 to 10% by weight of perfluorobutyl-methyl ether ; and those comprising 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane, perfluorohexane and perfluorobutyl-methyl ether.
• a preferred composition for this application consists of 60 to 65% by weight of HFC-365mfc and 40 to 35% by weight of perfluorohexane.
• a composition containing from 61.0 to 62.0% by weight of 1, 1, 1,3, 3 -pentafluorobutane and from 38.0 to 39.0% of perfluorohexane is particularly suitable for this application.
• Another preferred composition for this application consists of 40 to 60% by weight of HFC-365mfc and from 60 to 40% by weight of perfluorobutyl methyl ether.
• a quantity of 1,1,1,3,3 pure pentafluorobutane determined with precision was heated under a known pressure until boiling, then small quantities of perfluorocarbon, weighed with precision, were gradually introduced into the bottle by means of '' a syringe, via a side tube.
• the determination of the pseudo-azeotropic compositions was carried out by recording the evolution of the boiling temperature of the mixture as a function of its composition.
• a composition according to the invention was prepared containing 50 parts by weight of HFC-365mfc, 50 parts by weight of perfluorohexane PF-5060 and 10 parts by weight of ethyl acetate.
• the composition was homogeneous. It was subjected to the test according to the ISO 1523 standard. The composition did not present a flash point.
• Example 4
• composition according to the invention containing 40 parts by weight of HFC-365mfc, 60 parts by weight of perfluorobutyl ether HFE-7100 and 5 parts by weight of isopropanol was subjected to the test according to ISO 1523.
• the composition has no flash point.
• IMIDAZOLINE 18NH 0.026g was dissolved in 2 g of Xylene (technical mixture of isomers) and 20 g of a mixture containing 13 g of HFC-365mfc and 7 g of perfluorohexane were added.
• the homogeneous solution obtained contains 1,182 ppm of IMIDAZOLINE 18NH. This solution was subjected to a rapid flammability test by trying to ignite the solution at room temperature using a match. The solution did not catch fire.
• Example 7 The procedure was as in Example 5, replacing the xylene with the same amount of toluene.
• the homogeneous solution obtained contains 1182 ppm of IMIDAZOLINE 18NH. The solution did not catch fire in the test described in Example 5.
• Example 7
• Example 8 0.022 g of IMIDAZOLINE 18NH is dissolved in 1 g of isobutanol and 20 g was added a mixture containing 13 g of HFC-365mfc and 7 g of perfluorohexane. The homogeneous solution obtained contains 1048 ppm of IMIDAZOLINE 18NH. The solution did not catch fire in the test described in Example 5.
• Example 8
• the plate was dipped for 15 sec in a drying solution in a state of boiling, containing HFC-365mfc (65 parts by weight), perfluorohexane
• IMIDAZOLINE 18NH obtained analogously to Example 5.
• the plate was removed and dried for 2 minutes in air.
• the dive / dry operation is repeated 4 times corresponding to a total dive time of 60 s. At the end of this
• Example 10 The procedure was as in Example 8 using a drying solution containing 40 parts by weight of HFC365mfc, 60 parts by weight of perfluorobutyl ether HFE-7100, 5 parts by weight of isobutanol and 2000 ppm of IMIDAZOLINE 18NH. After a total dive time of 60 s, 19 out of 20 holes were free of water.
• Example 10
• Example 8 The procedure was as in Example 8 using a drying solution containing 36.4 parts by weight of HFC365mfc, 54.5 parts by weight of perfluorobutyl ether HFE-7100, 9.1 parts by weight of isobutanol and 2500 ppm of isopropylammomum dodecylbenzenesulfonate. After a total dive time of 60 s, all holes were free of water.

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