WO2000029746A1 - Zündvorrichtung für hochfrequenz-zündung - Google Patents
Zündvorrichtung für hochfrequenz-zündung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000029746A1 WO2000029746A1 PCT/DE1999/002793 DE9902793W WO0029746A1 WO 2000029746 A1 WO2000029746 A1 WO 2000029746A1 DE 9902793 W DE9902793 W DE 9902793W WO 0029746 A1 WO0029746 A1 WO 0029746A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ignition
- circuit board
- waveguide structure
- waveguide
- frequency
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P3/00—Other installations
- F02P3/01—Electric spark ignition installations without subsequent energy storage, i.e. energy supplied by an electrical oscillator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P23/00—Other ignition
- F02P23/04—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P23/00—Other ignition
- F02P23/04—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
- F02P23/045—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays using electromagnetic microwaves
Definitions
- spark plugs are usually installed in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, which essentially consist of connecting bolts, insulators, housings and electrodes.
- the insulator is embedded in the tubular metallic housing, an inner conductor arrangement consisting in turn of the insulator in the center bore
- Combustion chamber-side center electrode and the connection bolt remote from the combustion chamber is embedded.
- the rotationally symmetrical axes of the housing, the insulator and the inner conductor arrangement are congruent here.
- At least one ground electrode is attached to the housing on the combustion chamber side, so that when a high voltage is applied, an ignition spark forms between the center electrode and the ground electrode, which ignites the combustible mixture in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.
- the ignition voltage is inductive by means of a
- Ignition coil provided, which ensures a very strong increase in the voltage at the electrodes of the spark plug when the ignition coil loading space is switched off.
- the task of the spark plug is to introduce the ignition energy into the combustion chamber and through the electrical spark between the Electrodes to initiate the combustion of the air-fuel mixture. Voltages of over thirty kilovolts can occur when the spark plug is operated.
- the residues separating from the combustion process such as soot, oil, coal and ash from fuel and oil, are electrically conductive under certain thermal conditions. Nevertheless, under these circumstances, there may be no flashovers or breakdowns on the insulator at high voltages. For this reason, the electrical resistance of the insulator must be sufficiently high up to 1000 ° C and must not change during the life of the spark plugs.
- the ignition device according to the invention with the features of the independent claims has the advantage of a simple coupling for an ion current or a particularly simple construction.
- both the oscillator and the high-voltage part will sit on a common substrate.
- the capacitor can also be arranged between the waveguide structures on the substrate. It is so easy to manufacture, and the requirements for high voltage stability can be taken into account by appropriate shaping and / or insulation thickness.
- a flex film as the substrate for the common arrangement of the high-voltage part and the oscillator part.
- Such a flex film offers the possibility of very simple, inexpensive production.
- FIG. 1 shows the principle of high-frequency ignition and FIGS. 2 to 8 different embodiments of the invention.
- the functional principle of the ignition device according to the invention is described in FIG.
- the ignition device has a metallic housing 10 with a thread, which can be screwed into the wall of a
- Cylinder of an internal combustion engine is used.
- the metal housing 10 is designed like a conventional spark plug on the combustion chamber side, ie an insulator 11 is provided in the metal housing 10, which serves for the electrical insulation of a high-voltage bushing for a center electrode 14.
- a ground electrode 15, which is electrically conductively connected to the metallic housing 10, is arranged opposite the center electrode 14. When a sufficiently high voltage is applied, an ignition spark jumps in the small gap between center electrode 14 and ground electrode 15. which is used to ignite the gasoline-air mixture in the combustion chamber of a cylinder of the internal combustion engine.
- a high-frequency resonator is provided on the side of the metal housing 10 facing away from the combustion chamber
- the high-frequency resonator or microwave resonator has a first one
- Waveguide structure 12 which is separated from a second waveguide structure 16 by a dielectric 17.
- the first waveguide 12 is electrically connected to the center electrode 14.
- the waveguide 12 is contacted by a feed line 18 through which high-frequency signals can be coupled.
- the feed line 18 is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the end 13 of the waveguide structure 12 remote from the combustion chamber. This end is often referred to as the cold end of the resonator, since there is no high voltage here.
- a high-voltage signal is generated which can be discharged by an ignition spark via the electrodes.
- the waveguide 12 is electrically connected to the second waveguide 16 via a capacitor 30.
- the capacitor 30 acts like a short circuit. However, it is used to decouple a current signal (ion current) via line 31.
- a current signal ion current
- the following description is primarily concerned with the expedient and simple configuration of the first waveguide 12, the second waveguide 16 and the feed line 18.
- FIG. 2 shows a first example in the top view and FIG. 3 shows a cross section along the marked line III-III of FIG. 2.
- the structure here consists of a carrier plate or printed circuit board 100 on the top of which structured metal layers are applied.
- the top view in FIG. 2 shows that the waveguide 12 is designed as a strip waveguide on the upper side of the carrier plate 100.
- the feed line 18 is designed as a strip waveguide which meets the strip waveguide 12 at right angles.
- the waveguide structure 16 is also on the upper side of the carrier plate 100 formed that it surrounds the strip waveguide 12 and the strip waveguide 18 on both sides.
- the waveguide structure 16 is also formed from a surface conductive layer, preferably made of metal, which is applied to the carrier plate 100.
- the carrier plate 100 is an insulating dielectric material.
- the entire arrangement is preferably formed from a printed circuit board with an all-over superficial metal layer.
- the structures such as strip waveguide 12, feed line 18 and waveguide structure 16 are then formed by introducing trenches. Since printed circuit boards of this type are regularly also suitable for receiving electrical components, the elements required for controlling the individual ignition devices can be mounted directly on the dielectric boards 100.
- a capacitor between the first and second waveguide structure, as described for FIG. 1, can also be mounted directly on the surface of the circuit board.
- dielectric plates 100 that are flexible. This makes it possible to provide a one-piece plate 100 for a plurality of cylinders of an internal combustion engine, on which a plurality of ignition devices are then formed.
- FIG. 4 shows a cross section along the line V-V in FIG. 4.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 shows a cross section along the line V-V in FIG. 4.
- the supply line 18 is formed on the upper side, which is isolated from the rest of the surface metal layer by a trench structure, which forms a waveguide structure 16.
- a through-connection 101 connects the supply line 18 arranged on the upper side to the waveguide 12 arranged on the lower side.
- the waveguide 12 extends on the lower side of the
- Printed circuit board 100 along the line V-V.
- an edge contact 102 is provided, which makes electrical contact between the waveguide structure 16 on the upper side and the waveguide structure 16 on the underside of the printed circuit board 100.
- the strip waveguide 12 arranged on the underside of the printed circuit board cannot be seen in the top view in FIG.
- FIGS. 6 and 7. A further embodiment of the ignition device is shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.
- this is a multilayer printed circuit board 100 which has an upper insulating layer 110 and a lower insulating layer 111 with an intermediate metallic conductor strip layer. Furthermore, a metallic conductor tape layer is provided on the top and bottom of the circuit board 100.
- the supply line 18 can be seen again in the supervision of FIG. 6.
- the waveguide structure layer 16 acts as the second line of the waveguide.
- a via 101 is again provided, which connects the top and bottom of the printed circuit board 100.
- the waveguide structure 16 is formed in the metallic conductive layer between the two insulating layers 110, 111 Edge contact 102 is short-circuited with the waveguide 12.
- All examples as described in FIGS. 2 to 7 are preferably formed by flexible printed circuit boards, which make it possible to form several ignition devices for several different cylinders in one piece from a single correspondingly cut printed circuit board.
- the manufacturing outlay for ignition devices for several cylinders is thus greatly simplified.
- Such a printed circuit board 100 is shown schematically in FIG. 8, which contains ignition devices for four cylinders.
- the waveguide structures 12 and feed lines 18 and other lines are shown here only as simple lines for reasons of simplification.
- the waveguide structures 12 and feed lines 18 and other lines are shown here only as simple lines for reasons of simplification.
- Waveguide structures 16 are all electrically interconnected.
- the individual cylinders are designated with the letters A, B, C and D.
- a high-frequency signal is applied to an oscillator connection 53.
- this high-frequency signal is fed to the individual ignition devices for cylinders A, B, C, D.
- Each of these ignition devices has a capacitor 51 which is connected to the distributor line 54.
- the capacitor 51 is then connected to the lead 18 via a pin diode 52.
- a control connection is provided between the capacitors 51 and the pin diodes 52.
- the capacitor 51 represents a short circuit for the high-frequency signal, whereas the pin diodes 52 keep the high-frequency signal away from the feed lines 18 and the waveguides 12, respectively.
- the pin diodes 52 are turned on, so that the high-frequency signal is then also applied to the leads 18 and the waveguides 12, respectively. It can be done this way the high-frequency signal can be selectively switched to the feed lines or the waveguide 12 for each individual cylinder.
- the capacitors 51 and the pin diodes 52 can be applied to the printed circuit boards as conventional surface-mounted components. Furthermore, the circuit for generating the high-frequency signal can also be applied directly to the circuit board. Furthermore, the areas of the printed circuit boards which form the supply line 18 can be of different lengths, in order to ensure the supply to the individual cylinders, which can be at different distances. This is exemplarily shown in FIG. 8 in that longer areas for the supply lines 18 are shown for the cylinders A and D.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020007007732A KR20010034119A (ko) | 1998-11-16 | 1999-09-03 | 고주파 점화를 위한 점화 장치 |
BR9907012-0A BR9907012A (pt) | 1998-11-16 | 1999-09-03 | Dispositivo de ignição para ignição de alta frequência |
JP2000582711A JP2002530572A (ja) | 1998-11-16 | 1999-09-03 | 高周波点火のための点火装置 |
DE59908953T DE59908953D1 (de) | 1998-11-16 | 1999-09-03 | Zündvorrichtung für hochfrequenz-zündung |
EP99953706A EP1053399B1 (de) | 1998-11-16 | 1999-09-03 | Zündvorrichtung für hochfrequenz-zündung |
US09/600,513 US6357426B1 (en) | 1998-11-16 | 1999-09-03 | Ignition device for a high-frequency ignition |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19852652A DE19852652A1 (de) | 1998-11-16 | 1998-11-16 | Zündvorrichtung für Hochfrequenz-Zündung |
DE19852652.0 | 1998-11-16 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000029746A1 true WO2000029746A1 (de) | 2000-05-25 |
Family
ID=7887866
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE1999/002793 WO2000029746A1 (de) | 1998-11-16 | 1999-09-03 | Zündvorrichtung für hochfrequenz-zündung |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6357426B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1053399B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2002530572A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20010034119A (de) |
BR (1) | BR9907012A (de) |
DE (2) | DE19852652A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000029746A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
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DE10037536A1 (de) * | 2000-08-01 | 2002-02-21 | Dornier Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung einer Plasmazündung in Verbrennungsmotoren |
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US20030090161A1 (en) * | 2001-10-19 | 2003-05-15 | Marlow C. Allen | Light communication channel-based electronics power distribution system |
US7024067B2 (en) * | 2001-10-19 | 2006-04-04 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Communication system with a signal conduction matrix and surface signal router |
US20030095675A1 (en) * | 2001-10-19 | 2003-05-22 | Marlow C. Allen | Light communication channel-based voice-activated control system and method for implementing thereof |
US6772733B2 (en) | 2001-10-19 | 2004-08-10 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Optically controlled IPCS circuitry |
US6949758B2 (en) * | 2001-10-19 | 2005-09-27 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | LCC-based fluid-level detection sensor |
DE10157029A1 (de) * | 2001-11-21 | 2003-06-05 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Hochfrequenzzündung für eine Brennkraftmaschine |
DE10207446B4 (de) * | 2002-01-22 | 2004-02-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Zündung eines Luft-Kraftstoff-Gemischs, Zündungssteuerungsvorrichtung und Zündvorrichtung |
DE10239412B4 (de) * | 2002-08-28 | 2004-09-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Zünden eines Luft-Kraftstoff-Gemischs in einem Verbrennungsmotor |
DE10239411B4 (de) * | 2002-08-28 | 2004-09-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Zünden eines Luft-Kraftstoff-Gemischs in einem Verbrennungsmotor |
DE10239414B4 (de) * | 2002-08-28 | 2004-12-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Zünden eines Luft-Kraftstoff-Gemischs in einem Verbrennungsmotor |
DE10239410B4 (de) | 2002-08-28 | 2004-12-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Zünden eines Luft-Kraftstoff-Gemischs in einem Verbrennungsmotor |
DE10239409B4 (de) * | 2002-08-28 | 2004-09-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Zünden eines Luft-Kraftstoff-Gemischs in einem Verbrennungsmotor |
DE10243272B4 (de) * | 2002-09-18 | 2004-09-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Zünden eines Luft-Kraftstoff-Gemischs in einem Verbrennungsmotor |
US7055372B2 (en) * | 2002-11-01 | 2006-06-06 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Method of detecting cylinder ID using in-cylinder ionization for spark detection following partial coil charging |
US7251571B2 (en) * | 2003-09-05 | 2007-07-31 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Methods of diagnosing open-secondary winding of an ignition coil using the ionization current signal |
DE10360193B4 (de) * | 2003-12-20 | 2016-04-28 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Zünden eines Luft-Kraftstoff-Gemischs in einem Verbrennungsmotor |
DE102004002137A1 (de) * | 2004-01-15 | 2005-08-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Zünden eines Luft-Kraftstoff-Gemischs mittels eines Hochfrequenz-Resonators |
DE102004058925A1 (de) * | 2004-12-07 | 2006-06-08 | Siemens Ag | Hochfrequenz-Plasmazündvorrichtung für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, insbesondere für direkt einspritzende Otto-Motoren |
CA2828176C (en) * | 2006-09-20 | 2017-02-21 | Imagineering, Inc. | Plasma equipment and exhaust gas degradation apparatus |
US7387115B1 (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2008-06-17 | Denso Corporation | Plasma ignition system |
EP1995452A1 (de) * | 2007-05-21 | 2008-11-26 | Arora GmbH | Zündschaltung für Ottomotoren |
FR2917565B1 (fr) * | 2007-06-12 | 2014-05-16 | Renault Sas | Dispositif de mesure dans un systeme d'allumage radiofrequence pour un moteur a combustion interne |
FR2917505B1 (fr) * | 2007-06-12 | 2009-08-28 | Renault Sas | Diagnostic de l'etat d'encrassement des bougies d'un systeme d'allumage radiofrequence |
EP2178181B1 (de) * | 2007-07-12 | 2017-08-30 | Imagineering, Inc. | Zündkerze und analysator |
WO2009008518A1 (ja) * | 2007-07-12 | 2009-01-15 | Imagineering, Inc. | 点火またはプラズマ発生装置 |
US20090107437A1 (en) * | 2007-10-31 | 2009-04-30 | Caterpillar Inc. | RF igniter having integral pre-combustion chamber |
FR2923272B1 (fr) * | 2007-11-05 | 2009-11-13 | Renault Sas | Dispositif de mesure du courant d'ionisation dans un systeme d'allumage radiofrequence pour un moteur a combustion interne. |
JP5152653B2 (ja) * | 2008-05-20 | 2013-02-27 | 株式会社エーイーティー | 火花放電点火方式とマイクロ波プラズマ点火方式を併用する点火装置 |
JP2010001827A (ja) * | 2008-06-20 | 2010-01-07 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 内燃機関用点火装置 |
DE102008035241B4 (de) | 2008-07-29 | 2012-11-29 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Brennkraftmaschine und Verfahren zum Zünden eines Brenngemisches im Brennraum einer Brennkraftmaschine |
DE102008048449B4 (de) | 2008-09-23 | 2013-05-08 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Brennkraftmaschine, Zündverfahren und Steuervorrichtung |
JP5295093B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-25 | 2013-09-18 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 点火装置 |
JP5413186B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-25 | 2014-02-12 | 株式会社デンソー | 高周波プラズマ点火装置 |
WO2012097290A1 (en) * | 2011-01-13 | 2012-07-19 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Corona igniter having controlled location of corona formation |
EP2581998B1 (de) * | 2011-10-14 | 2019-12-18 | Delphi Automotive Systems Luxembourg SA | Zündkerze für Hochfrequenz-Zündsystem |
JP7102151B2 (ja) * | 2018-01-11 | 2022-07-19 | 株式会社Soken | 内燃機関用の点火装置 |
DE102018116597A1 (de) * | 2018-07-10 | 2020-01-16 | Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Schaltung zum schalten einer wechselspannung |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS57186067A (en) * | 1981-05-11 | 1982-11-16 | Hitachi Ltd | Ignition device of engine |
JPS57201093A (en) * | 1981-06-04 | 1982-12-09 | Nippon Soken Inc | Laser oscillator with distributing function and ignition thereby |
DE3527041A1 (de) * | 1985-07-27 | 1987-02-05 | Bernd Holz | Verfahren zur einbringung thermischer energie in einen mit einem medium gefuellten raum und einrichtung hierzu |
US5049843A (en) * | 1990-04-12 | 1991-09-17 | Barnes Ramon M | Strip-line for propagating microwave energy |
WO1999037911A1 (de) * | 1998-01-26 | 1999-07-29 | Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh | Mikrowellentechnische zünd- und verbrennungsunterstützungs-einrichtung für einen kraftstoffmotor |
Family Cites Families (5)
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JPS57113968A (en) * | 1981-01-07 | 1982-07-15 | Hitachi Ltd | Microwave plasma ignition type engine |
US4561406A (en) * | 1984-05-25 | 1985-12-31 | Combustion Electromagnetics, Inc. | Winged reentrant electromagnetic combustion chamber |
US5131376A (en) * | 1991-04-12 | 1992-07-21 | Combustion Electronics, Inc. | Distributorless capacitive discharge ignition system |
DE19643785C2 (de) * | 1996-10-29 | 1999-04-22 | Ficht Gmbh & Co Kg | Elektrische Zündvorrichtung, insbesondere für Brennkraftmaschinen, und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Zündvorrichtung |
US6009865A (en) * | 1998-09-23 | 2000-01-04 | Walbro Corporation | Low speed ignition system |
-
1998
- 1998-11-16 DE DE19852652A patent/DE19852652A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-09-03 EP EP99953706A patent/EP1053399B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-03 JP JP2000582711A patent/JP2002530572A/ja active Pending
- 1999-09-03 DE DE59908953T patent/DE59908953D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-03 US US09/600,513 patent/US6357426B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-09-03 BR BR9907012-0A patent/BR9907012A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-09-03 KR KR1020007007732A patent/KR20010034119A/ko active IP Right Grant
- 1999-09-03 WO PCT/DE1999/002793 patent/WO2000029746A1/de active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS57186067A (en) * | 1981-05-11 | 1982-11-16 | Hitachi Ltd | Ignition device of engine |
JPS57201093A (en) * | 1981-06-04 | 1982-12-09 | Nippon Soken Inc | Laser oscillator with distributing function and ignition thereby |
DE3527041A1 (de) * | 1985-07-27 | 1987-02-05 | Bernd Holz | Verfahren zur einbringung thermischer energie in einen mit einem medium gefuellten raum und einrichtung hierzu |
US5049843A (en) * | 1990-04-12 | 1991-09-17 | Barnes Ramon M | Strip-line for propagating microwave energy |
WO1999037911A1 (de) * | 1998-01-26 | 1999-07-29 | Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh | Mikrowellentechnische zünd- und verbrennungsunterstützungs-einrichtung für einen kraftstoffmotor |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 007, no. 031 (M - 192) 8 February 1983 (1983-02-08) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 007, no. 052 (E - 162) 2 March 1983 (1983-03-02) * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10037536A1 (de) * | 2000-08-01 | 2002-02-21 | Dornier Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung einer Plasmazündung in Verbrennungsmotoren |
DE10037536C2 (de) * | 2000-08-01 | 2002-11-21 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung einer Plasmazündung in Verbrennungsmotoren |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59908953D1 (de) | 2004-04-29 |
KR20010034119A (ko) | 2001-04-25 |
DE19852652A1 (de) | 2000-05-18 |
EP1053399A1 (de) | 2000-11-22 |
US6357426B1 (en) | 2002-03-19 |
JP2002530572A (ja) | 2002-09-17 |
EP1053399B1 (de) | 2004-03-24 |
BR9907012A (pt) | 2000-10-17 |
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