WO2000029546A1 - Procede de culture de spiruline fraiche a domicile et dispositif associe - Google Patents

Procede de culture de spiruline fraiche a domicile et dispositif associe Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000029546A1
WO2000029546A1 PCT/CN1999/000191 CN9900191W WO0029546A1 WO 2000029546 A1 WO2000029546 A1 WO 2000029546A1 CN 9900191 W CN9900191 W CN 9900191W WO 0029546 A1 WO0029546 A1 WO 0029546A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
algae
culture
spirulina
cultivation
tank
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PCT/CN1999/000191
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hengguang Li
Hongjun Hu
Yinglong Chen
Original Assignee
Succeed Hi-Tech Industrialization Scale-Up Assemblies Co., Ltd.
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Application filed by Succeed Hi-Tech Industrialization Scale-Up Assemblies Co., Ltd. filed Critical Succeed Hi-Tech Industrialization Scale-Up Assemblies Co., Ltd.
Priority to AU11473/00A priority Critical patent/AU1147300A/en
Priority to US09/831,823 priority patent/US6698134B1/en
Publication of WO2000029546A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000029546A1/zh

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K35/00Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
    • A61K35/66Microorganisms or materials therefrom
    • A61K35/74Bacteria
    • A61K35/748Cyanobacteria, i.e. blue-green bacteria or blue-green algae, e.g. spirulina
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/135Bacteria or derivatives thereof, e.g. probiotics
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/12Unicellular algae; Culture media therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and device for domestic consumption of fresh spirulina, and belongs to a method and device for domestication (referred to as all small-scale container culture except for laboratory and industrial cultivation) for breeding and eating fresh spirulina.
  • Background technique referred to as all small-scale container culture except for laboratory and industrial cultivation
  • Spirulina has long been recognized as the "best nutrition and health product for humans" in the world. To this end, the world's authoritative organizations such as the Food and Drug Administration (FAO), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have Determinism.
  • the State Council of China has also included the goal of developing spirulina and supplementing human nutrient protein sources in the Seventh Five-Year Plan.
  • Spirulina is an aquatic organism that existed 3 billion years ago. At present, the natural spirulina resources in the world are very limited. Existing commercial spirulina are factory-cultured and processed into finished products such as tablets, capsules, powders, beverages, etc., which can meet the needs of transportation and storage, and ultimately enter the hands of consumers. Therefore, so far The methods commonly used throughout the world are factory farming and then commercial processing. Factory farming mainly relies on natural conditions such as sunlight, ambient temperature, and seasonal open-scale farming. After centralized collection, cleaning, dehydration, drying, tabletting, or filling become industrialized manufactured products and enter the consumer market.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and device for domestic consumption of fresh spirulina, and to comprehensively utilize the biological characteristics of living spirulina, such as absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing biological oxygen, to serve human health by improving the environment.
  • the present invention enables people to self-support and consume fresh spirulina at home, turning high-grade nutritional health products into daily food that can be used by every family and everyone, and at the same time, The public is free from the dangers of counterfeit and inferior health products.
  • a method for domestically cultivating and eating fresh spirulina includes selection of domestic spirulina, cultivation conditions for domestic cultivation, cultivation methods and care, collection and harvest of living algae cells, consumption of fresh algae, preservation of fresh algae, etc. It is characterized by:
  • Algal species Spirulina platensis and Spirulina maxima for home breeding
  • Fresh algae consumption method The filtered fresh algae are first rinsed with water to remove the residual culture solution, and then mixed with various beverages or added to other foods and eaten directly;
  • the culture medium contains the following components (based on per liter of culture solution):
  • the culture medium of the present invention may further include one or more components (based on per liter of culture solution) selected from the following group:
  • Spirulina is a photo-organism. It grows well when there is sufficient light, but it should be properly shaded when the sun is too strong in summer to avoid excessive temperature caused by strong direct sunlight. If the outdoor temperature is above 37, pay attention to Shade, ventilate and cool down to maintain high speed growth. When the temperature is below 25 ", turn on the heater;
  • the cultivation device should be placed in front of the window in Chaoyang and the bottom of the tank should be higher than the wall of the window in order to use as much natural light as possible. Light, when the temperature is lower than 25 ° C, start the heater;
  • the filtered algae left on the net can be eaten after being rinsed with drinking water; it can be eaten with an appropriate amount of warm water (such as below 70) to keep spirulina green; it can also be added with sugar, honey, Milk and juice are made into beverages or added to porridge, oatmeal or other food;
  • warm water such as below 70
  • the medium should be supplemented or the culture medium should be replaced.
  • the method of supplementing the medium is to directly add the appropriate amount of medium to the culture tank. And stir until completely mixed with the original culture solution; the method of replacing the culture solution is:
  • a device for domesticated breeding of fresh spirulina includes a culture tank, which is characterized in that the culture tank is equipped with a ventilating and guiding tube or agitator, an artificial light source, an automatic temperature controller, and a liquid discharge port Optional cover;
  • the culture tank and optional cover are transparent.
  • Algae selection There are about 50 kinds of spirulina, and their growth habits and nutritional content are also very different. After comparison, the species with complete nutrients and suitable for small-scale farming in the family prefer "spirulina maxima" and "spirulina platensis". These varieties can be purchased directly from our algae domestication breeding base. Each batch of algae can be continuously cultured for about two years without mutation and yield reduction.
  • the growth of spirulina requires adequate nutrition and a suitable environment.
  • the media required for spirulina are inorganic compound nutrients and co 2 .
  • This inorganic nutrient must meet three conditions: 1. It can meet the entire nutrient supply of spirulina that has reached the corresponding harvest during the prescribed culture period; 2. It can transform ordinary fresh water into the water environment in which spirulina grows. The pH is 8-11; 3. All substances that supply spirulina growth nutrients must be harmless to the human body.
  • Its culture medium contains the following components (based on each culture medium):
  • the medium may further contain one or more components (based on per liter of culture medium) selected from the following group:
  • spirulina also requires light, temperature and co 2 .
  • domestic Spirulina uses artificial light source (fluorescent lamp or incandescent lamp), artificial heat source (electric heating or water, gas heating), artificial power (ventilation or agitation) to make up for the lack of natural light, temperature and air.
  • artificial light source fluorescent lamp or incandescent lamp
  • artificial heat source electric heating or water, gas heating
  • artificial power ventilation or agitation
  • the above conditions and environment are realized and completed in a suitable device during the cultivation of spirulina.
  • the size of the device depends on the amount of edible algae. Generally, 0.1 cubic meters of water can produce 50-200 grams of fresh spirulina per day.
  • the parts contacting the culture medium in the device must be made of alkali-resistant and non-toxic materials.
  • the cultivation tank and the cover Light-transmitting materials such as glass or plastic are preferred.
  • Spirulina has its own living habits, especially when it is cultivated in small containers at home, the method of cultivation and maintenance directly affects the yield and quality of spirulina.
  • the water temperature When spirulina is inoculated, the water temperature must not be lower than 20 ° C. After entering the normal breeding period, the water temperature should be controlled between 25-37 ° C, so that spirulina can reproduce and grow quickly.
  • the container for spirulina cultivation must not be closed so that spirulina breathes (inhales carbon dioxide and exhales oxygen). Because the spirulina is small, it is easy to attach to the container wall during growth, and it is easy to age and die over time. Therefore, the container wall needs to be cleaned frequently (once a day) with a brush to allow the algae cells to move again.
  • the algae culture solution has a dark green color, it can be collected and eaten.
  • the principle of harvesting is to both harvest mature algae and retain ungrown algae cells to continue growing to increase subsequent yields.
  • the selected spirulina species it is usually obtained by filtering with a fine mesh of 200-350 mesh.
  • the agglomerates that have been precipitated and floating on the water surface are generally not edible (but can be used for fish farming and as fertilizer for flowers). This part can be filtered out with a coarse mesh of 100-200 mesh.
  • the collected fresh Spirulina is a living body, the surface looks dark green or green paste, no odor.
  • the main purpose is to flush out the remaining culture solution on the surface of the fresh algae body, so that the taste is better.
  • Spilled spirulina can be directly eaten in various drinks such as warm water, milk, coffee, etc. It can also be mixed with porridge, pasta and other foods.
  • the temperature should not exceed 50 ° C, so as to avoid loss of some nutrients. Consumption of fresh spirulina can be determined by people for food purposes. When used to supplement and adjust nutrition, 10-30 g / day per person, and when used for health treatment, 30-50 g / day. More food is harmless.
  • the best time to eat fresh spirulina is every morning on an empty stomach or just before bedtime.
  • Spirulina is a kind of aquatic organism, and it has a very high protein content, and it is easy to deteriorate (like seafood) after it is released. Therefore, it is very important to keep and store fresh algae.
  • the method is to add the washed fresh spirulina to an appropriate amount of cold water, adjust it to a thin paste, and then divide it into an ice tray or other container in the refrigerator for freezing. Not mediocre. When eating, just put it in the drink after taking it out according to the required amount, which is convenient, fresh, fun and healthy. Overview of the drawings
  • Fig. 1 is an embodiment of an apparatus for cultivating spirulina in the method of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is an example of another apparatus for cultivating spirulina in the method of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is another embodiment of the apparatus for cultivating spirulina in the method of the present invention.
  • Top cover for dust protection but allowing gas to pass through
  • Automatic temperature controller which is used to regulate the temperature of the culture medium. When the temperature is lower than 25 ° C, it will automatically warm up;
  • Ventilation and guide tube Circulating agitation to promote algae movement, long-term work
  • Artificial light source supplementary light, used at night or when there is no light
  • Liquid discharge port collect fresh algae, can drain the algae liquid in the tank, change the liquid;
  • Cultivation The suitable growth temperature of spirulina is 25-37 ° C. The first inoculation is best done in the evening.
  • Spirulina is a photo-organism. It grows well when there is sufficient light, but it should be properly shaded when the sun is too strong in summer to avoid excessive temperature caused by strong direct sunlight. If the outdoor temperature is above 37, pay attention to cover Shade ventilation cools down to maintain high-speed growth. When the temperature is below 25 ", the automatic temperature controller (2) automatically heats up;
  • the device should be placed in front of a window in the sun and the bottom of the tank should be higher than the wall of the window, in order to use as much natural light as possible, and turn on the artificial light source if necessary (4) Supplementary light, when the temperature is below 25 ° C, the thermostat
  • supplement the medium or replace the culture medium to continue the cultivation Generally, under suitable culture conditions, continuous cultivation and harvesting will take about 25-30 days, and the fresh algae output will start to decline. At this time, the medium should be supplemented or the culture medium should be replaced.
  • the method of supplementing the medium is to directly add an appropriate amount of medium to the culture tank. (6), stir until completely mixed with the original culture solution; the method of replacing the culture solution is:
  • the cultivation yield may be low.
  • the device should be placed in front of a window in the sun and the bottom of the tank should be higher than the wall of the window, so as to use as much natural light as possible, and turn on the artificial light source if necessary (4 ) Supplement the light; when the temperature is lower than 25 ° C, the automatic temperature controller (2) automatically heats up;
  • the medium should be supplemented or the culture medium should be replaced.
  • the method of supplementing the medium is to directly add an appropriate amount of medium to the culture tank. (6), stir until completely mixed with the original culture solution; the method of replacing the culture solution is:
  • the medium should be supplemented or the culture medium should be replaced.
  • the method of supplementing the medium is to directly add an appropriate amount of medium to the culture tank. (6), stir until completely mixed with the original culture solution; the method of changing the culture medium is:
  • Spirulina family farming can be realized fresh and eaten by spirulina, which can effectively avoid the destruction of its precious nutritional ingredients during industrial processing (dehydration and drying), improve nutritional and health care value, and do not have the stench of dried spirulina. taste.
  • Fresh spirulina is more easily absorbed by the human body, with an absorption rate of more than 98%, while the absorption rate of dry products is about 78%.
  • spirulina is a photosynthetic organism that reproduces at high speed, a large amount of natural oxygen is released during the breeding process, and carbon dioxide is absorbed, which helps to improve the quality of the air environment in the living room.

Description

一种家养食用新鲜螺旋藻的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种家养食用新鲜螺旋藻的方法和装置, 属于一种家 庭化(泛指除试验室和工厂化养殖外的一切小型化容器养殖) 养殖和 食用新鲜螺旋藻的方法和装置。 背景技术
螺旋藻早已被全世界公认为 "人类最佳营养保健品" , 对此, 联 合国粮农组织 (FAO ) 、 世界卫生组织 (WHO ) 、 美国食品及药物管 理局 (FDA ) 等世界性权威机构都有明确定论。 中国国务院也将发展 螺旋藻、 补充人类营养蛋白源目标列入 "七五" 计划。
螺旋藻是 30 亿年前就存在的水生物, 目前全世界的天然螺旋藻 资源非常有限。 现有商品化螺旋藻, 均是采取工厂化养殖并加工制成 如片剂、 胶嚢、 粉剂、 饮料等成品形式, 才能适应运输储藏的需要, 而最终进入消费者手中, 所以, 到目前为止, 全世界普遍采用的方法 均是工厂化养殖, 然后进行商品化加工。 工厂化养殖主要是依靠自然 条件如太阳光、 环境气温和适时的季节的开放式规模养殖, 集中采集 后进行清洗、 脱水、 干燥、 压片或灌装而成为工业化制成品、 进入消 费市场。 然而螺旋藻工厂化养殖加工不仅需巨额投资而导致螺旋藻市 场售价高, 而且螺旋藻经干燥加工后, 其营养成份受到损害, 而且往 往因加工工艺不过关, 部分成份变质, 使螺旋藻制成品有一般人不易 接受的异味。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种家养食用新鲜螺旋藻的方法和装置, 并 综合利用活体螺旋藻生物特性如吸收二氧化碳放出生物氧气, 为改造 环境保障人类健康服务。 本发明通过改变螺旋藻生产的方式和食用方法, 可让人们在家中 自养食用新鲜的螺旋藻, 把高档营养保健品变成每个家庭、 每个人都 用得起的日常食品, 同时, 让大众摆脱假冒违劣保健品的危害。
本发明的目的是这样实现的:
一种家庭化养殖食用新鲜螺旋藻的方法, 包括家养螺旋藻的选 种、 家庭养殖的培养条件、 培养的方法与护理、 活体藻细胞的采集收 获、 鲜藻的食用、 鲜藻的保存等, 其特征在于:
( 1 ) 藻种: 为家庭养殖用钝顶螺旋藻和极大螺旋藻;
( 2 ) 培养条件: 培养基选用无机化合物营养素, 清洁淡水; 备 光源、 热源、 搅动和耐碱无毒的配套装置;
( 3 ) 培养与护理: 先将培养基溶于水, 溶液 pH值为 8 - 11, 然 后放入藻种, 正常培养期水温 25 - 40°C , 如有沉浮在壁上的藻细胞用 毛刷刷下促其运动;
( 4 ) 活体藻采集: 使用细滤网用过滤法收采部分藻, 所余部分 继续培养; 必要时用粗滤网清除衰老藻和沉淀物;
( 5 ) 鲜藻食用方法: 滤出的鲜藻先用水淋洗, 除去残留培养液, 然后兌入各种饮料或添加在其它食品中直接食用;
( 6 ) 鮮藻的保存: 鲜藻经水淋洗后, 直接冷冻保存备用或用饮 用的冷水兌调成糊状, 将其冷冻保存。
所述的培养基包含如下成分(以每升培养液为基准) :
K2HP04、 (Na2)HP04或 KH2P04、 NaH2P04 0.1-lg/L
NaHC03 8 - 30g/L EDTA 0.01-10g/L
Na2C03或 K2C03 0-10g/L FeS04 7H20 0.01-1.5g/L
根据情况, 本发明的培养基还可进一步包含选自下组的一种或 多种成分(以每升培养液为基准):
NaN03或 K 03 l-6g/L ZnS04 0-2mg/L
K2S04 0-2g/L NaSe04 0-0.03mg/L
NaCl或海盐 0.5-1.5g/L CuS04 0-0.1mg/L
Ca(N03)2 0-0.1g/L Mo02 0-0.05mg/L MgS04 0.05-0.3g/L NH4V03 0-0.03mg/L
CaCl2 0.01-O.lg/L K2Cr2(S04)4 0-0.1mg/L
H3BO3 0-5mg/L Ni(S04)2 0-0.1mg/L
Na2W04 0-0.05mg/L Ti2(S04)3 0-0.1mg/L
Co(N03): 0-0.1mg/L MnCL 0-3mg/L
(一)配制培养液及接种:
( 1) 准备一个清洁的桶, 加入适量清洁淡水;
(2) 加入培养基, 并搅拌到溶解; 然后将上清液倒入培养缸中, 未溶部分继续加水溶解后加入培养缸中, 重复至培养基全部溶完为止; 培养基为液体时可直接倒入培养缸内与水混合;
(3) 用清洁水补加至预定位置处;
( 4) 接通电源, 通气导流或搅动液体运动, 气温低时开启加热 系统;
(5)将事先准备好的藻种摇到使藻团分散, 然后倒入培养缸中;
(6) 用清洁淡水补充液面至预定位置处;
(二) 培养: 螺旋藻适宜生长温度为 25- 37°C, 初次接种最好在 傍晚进行。
( 1) 室外培养: 螺旋藻是需光生物, 光线充足时生长良好, 但 夏季日光过强时, 应适当遮阴, 避免强阳光直射导致温度过高, 如室 外温度在 37 以上时, 应注意遮阴通风降温, 以保持高速生长, 当温 度低于 25" 时, 启动加热器;
(2) 室内培养: 室内培养如光线不足时, 培养产量可能偏低, 应将培养装置放在朝阳的窗前并使缸底高于窗墙, 以便尽量多利用自 然光, 必要时开启人工光源补充光照, 当温度低于 25°C时, 启动加热 器;
(3) 如发现沾附在容器壁上的藻体较多时, 应用毛刷轻轻刷下, 让螺旋藻重新运动起来, 提高容器透明度和光源强度, 促 生长;
(三) 收获与食用: 在适宜条件下须 7天左右即可收获(缸内呈 现深绿色时, 表明已达到收获的程度) 。 ( 1 ) 让培养液经细滤网流过, 即可将长成的藻滤出;
( 2 ) 将滤出留在网上面的藻用饮用水淋洗后即可食用; 可加适 量温开水(例如 70 以下的开水) 食用, 使螺旋藻保持绿色为宜; 亦 可加糖、 蜂蜜、 牛奶、 果汁制成饮料冲服, 或加入粥、 麦片或其它食 物中食用;
(四)补充培养基或更换培养液继续培养
一般在适宜培养条件下, 连续培养收获大约 25 - 30 天左右, 鲜 藻产量会开始下降, 此时应补充培养基或更换培养液, 补充培养基的 方法是: 将适量培养基直接加入培养缸中, 搅拌至与原培养液完全混 合即可; 更换培养液的方法是:
( 1 )切断电源;
( 2 )排放适量的藻液于一个清洁容器, 留作藻种;
( 3 ) 用细滤网滤出缸内剩余的全部藻细胞后丢弃滤液;
( 4 ) 将滤出的藻再投入新换的培养液继续培养或放入冰箱冻室 以备食用;
( 5 ) 去掉缸内残液, 用清洁水清洗培养缸内壁;
( 6 )按前法配制新培养液;
( 7 )接通电源;
( 8 ) 取出留作藻种的藻液, 用细滤网滤出藻细胞, 丢弃滤液, 将滤网中藻细胞转入培养缸中, 并将细胞团轻轻打散, 重复上述操作, 直至将藻液中的藻细胞全部转入培养缸中即可继续培养并收获。
一种用于家庭化养殖食用新鲜螺旋藻的装置, 该装置包括一个培 养缸, 其特征在于: 该培养缸配有通气及导流筒或搅动器、 人工光源、 自动控温器、 排液口、 任选的上盖; 培养缸和任选的上盖均为透明体。
依据螺旋藻的特性, 要实现上述目标, 需要在 1. 藻种; 2. 养殖 环境与条件; 3. 培养护理方法; 4. 活体螺旋藻的采收; 5. 新鲜螺旋 藻的食用; 6. 新鲜螺旋藻的保存方面有一整套新的方法。 以下是对本 发明的详述:
1. 藻种选择: 螺旋藻约有 50多种, 其生长习性和营养成份含量也有很大差别, 经比较, 营养物质齐全又适合家庭小环境养殖的品种首选 "极大螺旋 藻" , "钝顶螺旋藻" 。 这些品种可以直接从本公司藻种驯化培育基 地购买。 每批藻种可连续培养繁殖两年左右不变异、 不减产。
2. 家庭养殖环境与条件:
螺旋藻的生长同其他生物一样, 需要充足的营养和适宜的环境, 螺旋藻所需的培养基是无机化合物营养素及 co2。 这种无机的营养素 必须满足三个条件: 1. 能够满足螺旋藻在规定培养期内达到相应采收 量的全部营养供应; 2. 能够将普通淡水改造为螺旋藻生长的水环境, 水环境的 pH 为 8 - 11; 3. 所有供应螺旋藻生长营养的物质都必须对 人体无害。 其培养基含有以下成分(以每种培养液为基准) :
K2HP04、 (Na2)HP04或 KH2P04、 NaH2P04 0.1-lg/L
NaHC03 8 - 30g/L EDTA 0.01-10g/L
Na2C03或 K2C03 0-10g/L FeS04 7H20 0.01-1.5g/L
根据情况, 该培养基还可进一步包含选自下组的一种或多种成 分(以每升培养液为基准):
NaN03或 KN03 l-6g/L ZnS04 0-2mg/L
K2SO4 0-2g/L NaSe04 0-0.03mg/L
NaCl或海盐 0.5-1.5g/L CuS04 0-0.1mg/L
Ca(N03)2 0-0.1g/L Mo02 0-0.05mg/L
MgS04 0.05-0.3g/L NH4V03 0-0.03mg/L
CaCl2 0.01-O.lg/L K2Cr2(S04)4 0-0.1mg/L
H3BO3 0-5mg/L Ni(S04)2 0-0.1mg/L
Na2W04 0-0.05mg/L Ti2(S04)3 0-0.1mg/L
Co(N03)2 0-0.1mg/L MnCl2 0-3mg/L
除此之外, 螺旋藻的生长还需要光照、 温度和 co2。 家养螺旋藻 采用人工光源( 日光灯或白炽灯)、 人工热源(电加热或水、 气加热)、 人工动力 (通气或搅动) 来弥补自然光、 温、 气的不足。 上述条件和 环境, 在螺旋藻的养殖过程中, 是在适当的装置中实现并完成的。 该 装置大小根据食用藻量而定,一般 0.1立方米水体,每天可产出 50 - 200 克鲜螺旋藻, 装置中接触培养液的部件必须用耐碱无毒的材料制成, 培养缸、 上盖最好用玻璃或塑料等透光材料。
3. 培养与护理:
螺旋藻有自己的生活习性, 特别是在家庭小容器养殖时, 培养护 理的方法直接影响螺旋藻的产量和质量。 螺旋藻接种时, 水温不得低 于 20°C , 进入正常养殖期后, 水温应控制在 25 - 37°C之间, 以便螺旋 藻快速繁殖生长。 养殖螺旋藻的容器不得密闭, 以便于螺旋藻呼吸(吸 进二氧化碳, 呼出氧气) 。 因螺旋藻的个体很小, 生长中很容易附着 在容器壁上, 时间长了容易衰老死去, 因此, 需经常 (每天一次) 用 毛刷清刷容器壁, 让藻细胞重新运动起来。
4. 活藻的采集
螺旋藻接种 7 天后, 当养藻溶液已呈深绿色时, 即可采集食用。 采集的原则是既要将成熟的藻收获, 又要保留未长成的藻细胞继续生 长, 以增加后续产量。 根据所选螺旋藻品种, 一般用 200 - 350 目的细 滤网过滤即可得到。 但已经衰老沉淀的和浮在水表面的结块物一般不 宜食用 (但可用于养鱼和作为花卉的肥料) , 这部分可用 100 - 200 目 的粗网滤出。
5. 鲜藻的食用:
经采集获得的新鲜螺旋藻属活体, 表面看为深绿色或绿色糊状, 无异味。 食用时, 需先用少量可直接饮用的水淋洗一下, 主要目的是 将鲜藻体表面残存的培养液冲掉, 以便口感更好。 冲淋后的螺旋藻可 直接放入温开水、 牛奶、 咖啡等各种饮料内食用, 也可掺进稀饭、 面 食等其它食物中食用。 调配时, 温度最好不要超过 50°C, 以免其中部 分营养物质被破坏损失。 新鲜螺旋藻的食用量, 可因人因食用目的而 定, 用于补充调节营养时, 每人 10 - 30 克 /天, 用于保健治疗时, 每 人 30 - 50 克 /天。 多食无害。 食用新鲜螺旋藻的最佳时间为每天早晨 空腹或临睡前。
6. 鲜藻的存放 由于螺旋藻是一种水生物, 且蛋白含量极高, 出水后极易变质(象 海鲜品) , 因此鲜藻保留存放就十分重要。 方法是将冲洗好的新鲜螺 旋藻加入适量的凉开水, 调成稀糊状后分装入家用冰箱冷拒里的制冰 格或其它容器里冷冻起来, 这样可使鲜藻在较长时间内不变庸。 食用 时, 只要根据所需要的量, 取出后放入饮品中即可, 方便、 新鲜、 有 趣又健康。 附图概述
图 1是本发明方法中的一个培养螺旋藻的装置的实施例。
图 2是本发明方法中的另一个培养螺旋藻的装置的实施例。
图 3是本发明方法中的又一个培养螺旋藻的装置的实施例。
图中:
1. 上盖, 用于防尘但允许气体透过;
2. 自动控温器, 用于调控培养液的温度, 当温度低于 25°C时自动 加温;
3. 通气及导流筒: 循环搅拌促藻运动, 长期工作;
4. 人工光源: 补充光照, 夜间或无光照时使用;
5. 排液口: 采集鲜藻, 可排空缸内藻液、 换液;
6. 透明培养缸;
7. 基座;
8. 加热体。 本发明的最佳实施方式
下面结合附图用实施例对本发明作进一步说明, 但不是限制本发 明的范围。
实施例 1 (参见附图 1 )
一、 配制培养液及接种:
1. 准备一个清洁的桶, 加入 10升清洁水;
2. 加入培养基, 并搅拌到溶解; 然后将上清液倒入培养缸 ( 6 ) 中, 未溶部分继续加水溶解后加入培养缸( 6 ) 中, 重复至全部培养基 溶完为止; 当培养基为液体时可直接倒入培养缸( 6 ) 内与水混合;
3. 用清洁水补加至培养缸(6 ) 的 2/3处;
4. 接通电源, 通气及导流筒 ( 3 ) 开始冒气泡, 气温低时自动控 温器(2 ) 自动加温;
5. 将事先准备好的藻种轻轻摇到使藻团分散, 然后倒入培养缸 ( 6 ) 中;
6. 用清洁水补充液面至培养缸( 6 ) 上端 3 - 5公分处。
二、 培养: 螺旋藻适宜生长温度为 25 - 37°C , 初次接种最好在傍 晚进行。
1. 室外培养: 螺旋藻是需光生物, 光线充足时生长良好, 但夏季 日光过强时, 应适当遮阴, 避免强阳光直射导致温度过高, 如室外温 度在 37 以上时, 应注意遮阴通风降温, 以保持高速生长, 当温度低 于 25" 时, 自动控温器(2 ) 自动加温;
2. 室内培养: 室内培养如光线不足时, 培养产量可能偏低, 应将 装置放在朝阳的窗前并使缸底高于窗墙, 以便尽量多利用自然光, 必 要时开启人工光源 ( 4 ) 补充光照, 当温度低于 25°C时, 自动控温器
( 2 ) 自动加温;
3. 如发现沾附在缸内壁上的藻体较多时, 应用毛刷轻轻刷下, 让 螺旋藻重新运动起来生长。
三、 收获与食用: 在适宜条件下须 7 天左右即收获, 缸内呈现深 绿色时, 表明已达到收获的程度。
1. 打开排液口 (5 ) , 让培养液经 300 目滤网流过, 即可将长成 的藻滤出;
2. 将滤出留在网上面的藻用可直接饮用的水淋洗一下后, 即可食 用; 可加适量 50 以下的温开水食用凉水最佳(应使螺旋藻保持绿色 为宜) ; 亦可加糖、 蜂蜜、 牛奶、 果汁等制成饮料沖服, 或加入粥、 麦片或其它食物中食用。
四、 补充培养基或更换培养液继续培养 一般在适宜培养条件下, 连续培养收获大约 25- 30天左右, 鲜藻 产量会开始下降, 此时应补充培养基或更换培养液, 补充培养基的方 法是: 将适量培养基直接加入培养缸( 6) 中, 搅拌至与原培养液完全 混合即可; 更换培养液的方法是:
1. 切断电源;
2. 排放约 1/2-2/3缸的藻液于一个清洁容器, 留作藻种;
3. 用 300目的细滤网滤出缸内剩余的全部藻细胞, 丟弃滤液;
4. 将滤出的藻再投入新换的培养液继续培养或放入;水箱冻室以备 食用;
5. 去掉缸内残液, 用湿绒布和清洁水轻轻清洗培养缸(6) 内壁;
6. 按前法配制新培养液;
7. 接通电源;
8. 取出留作藻种的藻液, 用 300 目细滤网滤出藻母细胞, 丢弃滤 液, 将滤网中藻母细胞转入培养缸(6) 中, 并将细胞团轻轻打散, 重 复上述操作, 直至将藻液中的藻细胞全部转入培养缸(6) 中; 即可继 续培养并收获。
实施例 2 (参见附图 2)
培养方法:
1. 接种:
( 1) 准备一个清洁的桶, 加入适量清洁水;
(2)加入配好的培养基, 并搅拌至溶解; 然后将上清液倒入培养 缸(6) 中, 未溶部分继续加水溶解后加入培养缸 ( 6) 中, 重复至全 部溶完为止; 当培养基为液体时可直接倒入培养缸( 6) 内与水混合;
(3) 用清洁水补加至培养缸( 6) 的 2/3处;
(4) 接通电源, 通气及导流筒 ( 3) 开始冒气泡, 气温低时自动 控温器(2) 自动加温;
(5) 将事先准备好的藻种轻轻摇到使藻团分散, 然后倒入培养缸 (6) 中;
(6) 用清洁水补充液面至培养缸( 6) 上端 3- 5公分处。 2. 培养:
( 1) 室外培养: 螺旋藻是需光生物, 光线充足时生长良好, 但夏 季日光过强时, 应适当遮阴, 避免强阳光直射导致温度过高, 如室外 温度在 37" 以上时, 应注意遮阴通风降温, 以保持高速生长, 当温度 低于 25°C时, 自动控温器(2) 自动加温;
(2) 室内培养: 室内培养如光线不足时, 培养产量可能偏低, 应 将装置放在朝阳的窗前并使缸底高于窗墙, 以便尽量多利用自然光, 必要时开启人工光源 (4) 补充光照; 当温度低于 25°C时, 自动控温 器(2) 自动加温;
(3) 如发现沾附在缸内壁上的藻体较多时, 应用毛刷轻轻刷下, 让螺旋藻重新运动起来生长。
3. 收获与食用
( 1) 打开排液口 (5) , 让培养液经 300 目滤网流过, 即可将长 成的藻滤出;
(2)将滤出留在网上面的藻用可直接饮用的水淋洗一下后, 即可 食用; 可加适量 50TC以下的开水食用 (应使螺旋藻保持绿色或略呈微 褐色为宜) , 亦可加糖、 牛奶、 蜂蜜、 果汁等制成饮料冲服; 或加入 粥、 麦片或其它食物中食用。
4. 补充培养基或更换培养液继续培养:
一般在适宜培养条件下, 连续培养收获大约 25- 30天左右, 鲜藻 产量会开始下降, 此时应补充培养基或更换培养液, 补充培养基的方 法是: 将适量培养基直接加入培养缸( 6 ) 中, 搅拌至与原培养液完全 混合即可; 更换培养液的方法是:
( 1)切断电源;
(2)排放约 1/2-2/3缸的藻液于一个清洁容器中, 留作藻种;
(3) 用 300目细滤网滤出缸内剩余的全部藻细胞, 丢弃滤液;
( 4 ) 将滤出的藻再投入新换的营养液继续培养或放入水箱冻室以 备食用;
(5) 去掉缸内残液, 用湿绒布和清洁水清洗培养缸( 6) 内壁; (6)按前法配制新培养液;
(7)接通电源;
( 8) 取出留作藻种的藻液, 用 300 目细滤网滤出藻母细胞, 丢弃 滤液, 将滤网中藻母细胞转入培养缸( 6) 中, 并将细胞团轻轻打散; 重复上述操作, 直至将藻液中的藻细胞全部转入培养缸(6) 中, 即可 继续培养并收获。
实施例 3 (参见附图 3)
培养方法:
1. 接种:
( 1) 准备一个清洁的桶, 加入适量清洁水;
(2) 加入配好的培养基, 并搅拌至溶解; 然后将上清液倒入培养 缸(6) 中。 未溶部分继续加水溶解后加入培养缸 ( 6) 中, 重复至全 部溶完为止; 当培养基为液体时可直接倒入培养缸( 6) 内与水混合;
(3) 用清洁水补加至培养缸( 6) 的 2/3处;
(4)接通电源 (卧式例则需打开搅动器电源) , 气温低时自动控 温器(2) 自动加温;
(5) 将事先准备好的藻种轻轻摇到使藻团分散, 然后倒入培养缸 (6) †;
( 6) 用清洁水补充液面至培养缸( 6) 上端 3- 5公分处。
2. 培养:
( 1) 室外培养: 螺旋藻是需光生物, 光线充足时生长良好, 但夏 季日光过强时, 应适当遮阴, 避免强阳光直射导致温度过高。 如室外 温度在 37°C以上时, 应注意遮阴通风降温, 以保持高速生长; 当温度 低于 25°C时, 加热体(8) 自动加温。
(2) 室内培养: 室内培养如光线不足时, 培养产量可能偏低, 应 将装置放在朝阳的窗前并使缸底高于窗墙, 以便尽量多利用自然光, 必要时开启人工光源 (4) 补充光照; 当温度低于 25°C时, 自动控温 器(2) 自动加温。
(3) 如发现沾附在缸内壁上的藻体较多时, 应用毛刷轻轻刷下, 让螺旋藻重新运动起来生长。
3. 收获与食用
( 1) 打开排液口 (5) , 让培养液经 300 目滤网流过, 即可将长 成的藻滤出;
(2)将滤出留在网上面的藻用可直接饮用的水淋洗一下后, 即可 食用; 可加适量 50匸以下的开水食用 (应使螺旋藻保持绿色或略呈微 褐色为宜) ; 亦可加糖、 牛奶、 蜂蜜、 果汁等制成饮料冲服; 或加入 粥、 麦片或其它食物中食用。
4. 补充培养基或更换培养液继续培养
一般在适宜培养条件下, 连续培养收获大约 25- 30天左右, 鲜藻 产量会开始下降, 此时应补充培养基或更换培养液, 补充培养基的方 法是: 将适量培养基直接加入培养缸( 6) 中, 搅拌至与原培养液完全 混合即可; 更换培养基的方法是:
( 1)切断电源;
(2)排放约 1/3-2/3缸的藻液于一个清洁容器中, 留作藻种;
(3) 用 300目细滤网滤出缸内剩余的全部藻细胞, 丟弃滤液;
( 4 ) 将滤出的藻再投入新换的培养液继续培养或放入冰箱冻室以 备食用;
(5) 去掉缸内残液, 用湿绒布和清洁水轻轻清洗培养缸( 6) 内 壁;
(6)按前法配制新培养液;
( 7)接通电源;
( 8) 取出留作藻种的藻液, 用 300 目细滤网滤出藻母细胞, 丟弃 滤液, 将滤网中藻母细胞转入培养缸( 6) 中, 并将细胞团轻轻打散; 重复上述操作, 直至将藻液中的藻细胞全部转入培养缸(6) 中; 即可 继续培养并收获。
本领域的技术人员应该清楚, 上述实施例只是对本发明的进一步 说明, 而非限制本发明的保护范围, 本发明的精神和保护范围都在所 附的权利要求中, 任何在本发明范围内的改进和变动都在本发明的范 围之内。 工业实用性
本发明的效果如下:
1. 家庭化养殖螺旋藻可实现螺旋藻的新鲜活体食用, 可有效地避 免工业化加工 (脱水、 烘干) 过程中对其珍贵营养成份的破坏, 提高 营养保健价值, 没有螺旋藻干品的腥臭味。
2. 新鲜螺旋藻更易被人体吸收, 吸收率高达 98 %以上, 而干品的 吸收率约为 78 %左右。
3. 可有效减少伪劣螺旋藻制品对人体的侵害; 市售螺旋藻干品均 为加工后制品, 有的需要添加粘合剂等非螺旋藻物质, 容易出现假冒 伪劣品; 而自家养殖的新鲜品直接食用, 可完全杜绝伪劣伤害。
4. 对于可被人体消化吸收的同等营养量, 新鲜螺旋藻的成本仅为 市售螺旋藻干品的 20 ~ 50% 。
5. 由于螺旋藻是高速繁殖的光合生物, 养殖过程中大量释放天然 氧气, 并吸收二氧化碳, 有助于改善居室空气环境质量。

Claims

1. 一种家庭化养殖食用新鲜螺旋藻的方法, 包括家养螺旋藻的选 种、 家庭养殖的培养条件、 培养的方法与护理、 活体藻细胞的采集收 获、 鲜藻的食用、 新鲜藻的保存等, 其特征在于:
( 1) 藻种: 为家庭养殖用钝顶螺旋藻和极大螺旋藻;
( 2) 培养条件: 培养基选用无机化合物营养素, 清洁淡水; 备 光源、 热源、 搅动和耐碱无毒的配套装置;
( 3) 培养与护理: 先将培养基溶于水, 溶液 pH值为 8- 11, 然 后放入藻种, 正常培养期水温 25- 40 °C, 如有沉浮在壁上的藻细胞用 毛刷刷下促其运动;
( 4) 活体藻采集: 使用细滤网用过滤法收采部分藻, 所余部分 继续培养; 必要时用粗滤网清除衰老藻和沉淀物;
( 5) 鲜藻食用方法: 滤出的鲜藻先用水淋洗, 除去残留培养液, 然后兌入各种饮料或添加在其它食品中直接食用;
( 6) 鲜藻的保存: 鲜藻经水淋洗后, 直接冷冻保存备用或用饮 用的冷水兌调成糊状, 将其冷冻保存。
2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的方法, 其特征在于, 以每升培养液为基 准, 所述的培养基包含如下成分:
K2HP04、 (Na2)HP04或 KH2P04、 NaH2P04 0.1-lgL
NaHC03 8 - 30g/L EDTA 0.01-10g/L
Na2C03或 K2C03 0-10g/L FeS04 7H20 0.01-1.5g/L
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的方法, 其特征在于, 以每升培养液为基 准, 所述的培养液进一步包含一种或多种选自下组的成分:
NaN03或 K 03 l-6g/L ZnS04 0-2mg/L
K2S04 0-2g/L NaSe04 0-0.03mg/L
NaCl或海盐 0.5-1.5g/L CuS04 0-0.1mg/L
Ca(N03)2 0-0.1g/L Mo02 0-0.05mg/L MgS04 0.05-0.3g/L NH4V03 0-0.03mg/L
CaCl2 0.01-0.1g/L K2Cr2(S04)4 0-0.1mg/L
H3BO3 0-5mg/L Ni(S04)2 0-0.1mg/L
Na2W04 0-0.05mg/L Ti2(S04)3 0-0.1mg/L
Co(NQ3)2 0-0.1mg/L MnCl2 0-3mg/L。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于:
(一)配制培养液及接种:
准备一个清洁的桶, 加入适量清洁淡水; 加入培养基, 并搅拌到 溶解; 然后将上清液倒入培养缸中, 未溶部分加水溶解后加入培养缸 中, 重复至培养基全部溶完为止, 当培养基为液体时可直接倒入培养 缸内与水混合; 然后续加清洁水至预定位置处; 接通电源, 通气导流 或搅动液体运动, 气温低时开启加热系统; 将事先准备好的藻种摇到 使藻团分散, 然后倒入培养缸中; 用清洁水补充液面至预定位置处; (二) 培养:
( 1 ) 室外培养: 螺旋藻是需光生物, 光线充足时生长良好, 但 夏季日光过强时, 应适当遮阴, 避免强阳光直射导致温度过高, 如室 外温度在 37 以上时, 应注意遮阴通风降温, 以保持高速生长, 当温 度低于 25Ό时, 启动加热器;
( 2 ) 室内培养: 室内培养如光线不足时, 培养产量可能偏低, 应将培养装置放在朝阳的窗前并使缸底高于窗墙, 以便尽量多利用自 然光, 必要时开启人工光源补充光照, 当温度低于 时, 启动加热 器;
( 3 ) 如发现沾附在容器壁上的藻体较多时, 应用毛刷轻轻刷下, 让螺旋藻重新运动起来, 提高容器透明度和光源强度, 促进生长;
(三) 收获与食用: 在适宜条件下须 7天左右即可收获, 即缸内 呈现深绿色时, 表明已达到收获的程度;
( 1 ) 让培养液经细滤网流过, 即可将长成的藻滤出;
( 2 ) 将滤出留在网上面的藻用饮用水淋洗后即可食用; 可加适 量温开水食用, 使螺旋藻保持绿色或略呈微褐色为宜; 亦可加糖、 蜂 蜜、 牛奶、 果汁制成饮料冲服, 或加入粥、 麦片或其它食物中食用; (四) 补充培养基或更换培养液继续培养
一般在适宜培养条件下, 连续培养收获大约 25 - 30 天左右, 鲜 藻产量会开始下降, 此时应补充培养基或更换培养液, 补充培养基的 方法是: 将适量培养基直接加入培养缸中, 搅拌至与原培养液完全混 合即可; 更换培养液的方法是: 切断电源; 排放适量藻液于一个清洁 容器, 留作藻种; 用细滤网滤出缸内剩余的全部藻细胞后丟弃滤液; 将滤出的藻再投入新换的培养液继续培养或放入冰箱冻室以备食用; 去掉缸内残液, 用清洁水清洗培养缸内壁; 按前法配制新培养液; 接 通电源; 取出留作藻种的藻液, 用细滤网滤出藻母细胞, 丢弃滤液, 将滤网中藻母细胞转入培养缸中, 并将细胞团轻轻打散, 重复上述操 作, 直至将藻液中的藻细胞全部转入培养缸中即可继续培养并收获。
5. —种用于家庭化养殖食用新鲜螺旋藻的装置, 该装置包括一个 培养缸, 其特征在于: 该培养缸配有通气及导流筒或搅动器、 人工光 源、 自动控温器、 排液口、 任选的上盖; 培养缸和任选的上盖均为透 明体。
PCT/CN1999/000191 1998-11-16 1999-11-16 Procede de culture de spiruline fraiche a domicile et dispositif associe WO2000029546A1 (fr)

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