WO2000015841A1 - Procede et trousse pour la detection d'un desequilibre intrachromosomique dans des noyaux interphasiques et leurs applications - Google Patents
Procede et trousse pour la detection d'un desequilibre intrachromosomique dans des noyaux interphasiques et leurs applications Download PDFInfo
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- WO2000015841A1 WO2000015841A1 PCT/FR1999/002179 FR9902179W WO0015841A1 WO 2000015841 A1 WO2000015841 A1 WO 2000015841A1 FR 9902179 W FR9902179 W FR 9902179W WO 0015841 A1 WO0015841 A1 WO 0015841A1
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- nuclei
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6813—Hybridisation assays
- C12Q1/6841—In situ hybridisation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for detecting an intrachromosomal imbalance in interphase cell nuclei, to a kit suitable for allowing the implementation of this method as well as to the applications of this method and of this kit, in particular for the detection of cancer cells in a biological sample and the diagnosis of cancer pathologies.
- DUTRILLAUX et al. Cancer Genêt. Cytogenet., 1990, 49_, 203-217
- DUTRILLAUX et al. have demonstrated, from 30 cases, the occurrence in breast cancers of multiple rearrangements affecting, at a particularly high frequency, chromosomes 1 and 16 and manifested primarily by gain in the long arm of chromosome 1 and loss of the long arm in chromosome 16, and, at a lower frequency, chromosomes 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 13 and 17.
- TESTA and SIEGFRIED Cancer Research, 1992, 52, 2702s-2706s have shown, also from 30 cases, the presence, in non-small cell lung cancers, of numerous rearrangements preferentially affecting chromosome 7 (mainly under the shape of a polysomy 7 or a gain of all or part of the short arm of this chromosome), but also chromosomes 1, 3, 6, 7, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 19.
- cytogeneticists mainly have two approaches in the investigation of the genome and its anomalies: - on the one hand, classical cytogenetics, which allows access to the detailed karyotype of a cell and to apprehend the anomalies of structure and number of the set of chromosomes which it comprises and which consists, after a period of in vitro culture of the cells whose duration varies with the type of cells studied, to block these cells in metaphase and to treat the chromosomes according to different methods allowing the observation with the otic microscope of bands extending on some megabases, from where the fact that one generally indicates it by the Anglo-Saxon name of banding.
- the chromosomes are paired and ordered according to their length, the position of the centromere and the topography of the bands, and this classification leads to the development of the karyotype.
- This approach finds a certain number of limits. The first is due to the fact that it requires prior culture of the cells studied, so as to obtain a sufficient number of cells in metaphase.
- carrying out a cell culture is likely to introduce significant biases in the results of a cytogenetic analysis, due to the fact that only cells adapted to the culture conditions divide and give metaphases.
- FISH fluorescence in situ hybridization
- In situ fluorescence hybridization can be carried out on metaphasic chromosomes, in which case it uses probes specific for a chromosome, an arm, a chromosomal region, or even a given locus.
- the revelation of the chromosomal anomalies is carried out by a visualization under the microscope of the fluorescent sites corresponding to the sites of the target DNA having hybridized with the probes.
- in situ fluorescence hybridization is implemented on interphasic nuclei and it then uses probes specific to the centromeric regions of the chromosomes.
- the revelation of chromosomal anomalies is carried out by counting the fluorescent spots, either manually under a microscope or automatically using an image cytometer, the number of spots being in all cases supposed to correspond to the number of copies of the chromosomes studied.
- the inventors have therefore set themselves the goal of providing a method suitable for detecting an intrachromosomal imbalance in the cells of a biological sample, and which is generally free from all the disadvantages of the methods. of the prior art.
- the inventors have set themselves the goal of providing a method for detecting an intrachromosomal imbalance which, while being sensitive, specific and reproducible so as to guarantee the reliability of this detection, can:
- a method for detecting an intrachromosomal imbalance in interphase cell nuclei which is characterized in that it comprises:
- intrachromosomal imbalance means any modification of the normal ratio between the number and / or the length of the long and short arms of a chromosome, resulting from a loss or gain of material. genetics such as a deletion or, on the contrary, a duplication of all or part of a chromosomal arm.
- target chromosome the chromosome suspected of being affected by an imbalance as defined above and which it is sought to verify whether it actually presents this imbalance.
- the two probes used for the in situ hybridization of the target chromosome consist of a set of probes not repeated covering all or part of the long arm or the short arm of said chromosome.
- these probes consist of a set of probes covering the entire long arm or the short arm of the target chromosome.
- Such probes which are commonly designated by the name of chromosomal paint, can be specially prepared for the needs of implementing the detection method according to the invention.
- these probes are capable of being prepared from cells known to present, at the level of the same chromosome as the target chromosome, an abnormality (deletion, isochromosome, ...) of the short arm or of the long arm such that this altered chromosome corresponds substantially to one of the arms of the target chromosome, by sorting the chromosomes of these cells, for example by flow cytometry, so as to keep only the chromosomes suitable for the preparation of the probes, then in subjecting them to amplification, for example by the PARM-PCR chain polymerization technique as described by MILAN et al. (Mammalian Génome, 1996, 7, 194-199), followed by labeling of the products resulting from this amplification with a fluorochrome.
- they can also be prepared from cells free of any chromosomal abnormality, by laser micro-dissection or by needle of the chromosome of these cells corresponding to the target chromosome so as to individualize the long arm and / or the short arm , followed by an amplification of the chromosomal arm or arms thus obtained, then by labeling of the products resulting from this amplification with a fluorochrome, as described for example by G AN et al (Hum. Molec. Genêt., 1993, 2, 1117-1121). It is, of course, also possible to use, for the implementation of the detection method in accordance with the invention, ready-to-use commercial probes.
- probes of the short and long arms of the various human chromosomes and labeled with biotin are available from the company ALTECHNOLOGIES (USA).
- the probes used for the in situ hybridization of the target chromosome may be probes directly coupled to a fluorochrome, these probes are preferably probes with indirect fluorescent labeling, the inventors having in fact found that this type marking results in particularly satisfactory results.
- the labeling of the probes used for the in situ hybridization of the target chromosome is carried out by coupling each of them to a hapten, and by a reaction of affinity between this hapten and a ligand capable of specifically binding to said hapten and which is either conjugated to a fluorochrome, or made fluorescent by reaction with a counter-ligand conjugated to a fluorochrome.
- hapten / ligand affinity reaction is advantageously carried out by means of avidin conjugated to a fluorochrome, or using anti-biotin antibodies, then antibodies directed against the latter and which are conjugated to a fluorochrome .
- one of the probes is coupled to digoxigenin while the other probe is coupled to biotin.
- fluorochromes can be indifferently chosen from the various fluorescent compounds used for labeling nucleic probes such as fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), rhodamine derivatives such as rhodamine b isothiocyanate and sulforhodamine sulfonate chloride 101 ( Texas red ® ), Cascade blue ® or Bopidy * FL, provided, however, that they have maximum wavelengths of emission located in bands which do not overlap.
- FITC fluorescein isothiocyanate
- rhodamine derivatives such as rhodamine b isothiocyanate and sulforhodamine sulfonate chloride 101 ( Texas red ® )
- Cascade blue ® or Bopidy * FL provided, however, that they have maximum wavelengths of emission located in bands which do not overlap.
- the other probe will advantageously be marked with rhodamine isothiocyanate b whose maximum emission wavelength is 590 nm or, better still, by Texas Red ® which has a maximum emission wavelength even further away (604 nm) from that of the FITC.
- one of the two fluorochromes is FITC, while the other is from Texas red ".
- the detection method in accordance with the invention further comprises counterstaining the nuclei intended to allow their revelation before measuring the intensity of the fluorescence issued in. these nuclei at the emission wavelength bands of the two fluorochromes coupled to the probes.
- This counterstaining is therefore carried out before carrying out this measurement, using a fluorochrome different from those used for labeling the probes, such as 4 ', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) or 4' , 6-bis-2 'imidazolinyl 4H-5H (DIPI).
- DAPI 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DIPI 6-bis-2 'imidazolinyl 4H-5H
- the detection method comprises a step aimed at measuring the intensity of the fluorescence emitted in the nuclei at the emission wavelength bands corresponding to each of the two fluorochromes coupled to the probes.
- the ratio (R ⁇ ) between the two fluorescence intensity values thus measured is then calculated.
- this ratio is calculated by one and / or the other of the following methods: a first method consisting in determining, for each fluorescence, the average of the intensity values of this fluorescence as measured for all of the kernels analyzed, and to calculate the ratio between the two means thus obtained; and
- a second method consisting in calculating, for each nucleus analyzed, the ratio between the intensity values measured for each of the two fluorescences, and in determining the average of the values of this ratio as obtained for all the nuclei analyzed.
- the value of the ratio (R ⁇ ) thus obtained is compared with at least one reference value.
- this reference value corresponds to the ratio
- control cells are cells free from any chromosomal abnormality, such as for example lymphocytes originating from healthy subjects.
- a significant difference that is to say in practice, at least equal to 20%
- the values of the ratios (R réelle) and (R,) respectively obtained for the nuclei analyzed and the nuclei of the control cells translated the existence, in at least a certain number of the nuclei analyzed, of the intrachromosomal imbalance sought.
- control cells cells affected by the intrachromosomal imbalance which it is desired to detect, such as cells of a cell line known to exhibit this intrachromosomal imbalance constantly.
- the detection method in accordance with the invention, it further comprises a step consisting in determining, for the nuclei analyzed, an index (I) of imbalance.
- this imbalance index can advantageously be established by one and / or the other of the following methods: - a first method consisting in calculating the ratio between the values of the ratios (R réelle) and (R,) respectively obtained for all the nuclei analyzed and all the nuclei of the control cells; and
- a second method consisting in calculating, for each analyzed nucleus, the ratio between the values of the ratios (R a ) and (R,), and in retaining, for example from a histogram representing the number of nuclei analyzed as a function of the ratio R ⁇ / R, the value of this ratio corresponding to the largest number of nuclei analyzed.
- steps b), c), d) corresponding to the measurement of the fluorescence intensities, to the calculation of the ratio between these fluorescence intensities and to the comparison of the value of this ratio with a reference value, as well as the step of determining the index (i) of imbalance of the nuclei analyzed are carried out by means of an apparatus which comprises:
- a light source capable of supplying light in three bands of different wavelengths, said source possibly being either a polychromatic source provided with filters, or a source constituted by a plurality of monochromatic sources,
- the intrachromosomal imbalance which it is sought to detect results from a duplication of the long arm of human chromosome 1 and / or a deletion of the short arm of this chromosome.
- the present invention also relates to a kit for implementing the method for detecting an intrachromosomal imbalance in intracellular interphase nuclei as defined above, which is characterized in that it comprises: - an appropriate quantity a first probe marked with a first fluorochrome, said probe being specific to the long arm of the chromosome present in said nuclei and suspected of being affected by said imbalance,
- the samples of control cells are in the form of spreads on slides ready to be subjected to in situ hybridization.
- the probes are probes coupled to a hapten
- the kit comprises, for each probe, an appropriate quantity of a ligand directed specifically against this hapten and which is conjugated to a fluorochrome or capable of being made fluorescent by a reaction with a counter-ligand conjugated to a fluorochrome, in which case the kit contains, plus, an appropriate amount of said counter ligand.
- this kit it further comprises:
- RNAse, pepsin, ...) and buffer solutions suitable for allowing in situ hybridization of the chromosome by the probes.
- the present invention also relates to the application of the method for detecting an intrachromosomal imbalance in interphase cell nuclei and of the kit suitable for allowing the implementation of this method as defined above, to the detection of cancer cells in a biological sample such as a cytopuncture, a serous effusion (pleural, peritoneal, ...), a lumpectomy or a bronchial aspiration.
- a biological sample such as a cytopuncture, a serous effusion (pleural, peritoneal, ...), a lumpectomy or a bronchial aspiration.
- the detection method in accordance with the invention is of very particular interest in the field of human oncology and, more specifically, for the establishment of the positive diagnosis and / or the progressive diagnosis of cancerous pathologies in which one repeatedly observes a certain number of chromosomal rearrangements resulting in imbalances in the normal ratio between the number and / or the length of the long and short arms of certain chromosomes, such as the duplication of the long arm of chromosomes 1 and 8, the deletion of the short arm of chromosomes 1 and 3 or the deletion of the long arm of chromosome 6.
- This process is also likely to find applications in fields other than oncology, and in particular in the establishment of the positive diagnosis of innate or acquired human pathologies linked to a chromosomal abnormality such as, for example, the so-called cat cry disease which is characterized by a deletion of part of the short arm of chromosome 5.
- the invention also comprises other provisions, which will emerge from the description which follows, which refers to an example of implementation and application of the detection method in accordance with the invention as well as in attached Figure 1 which illustrates, in the form of histograms, the distributions of the number of nuclei as a function of the fluorescence intensities as measured for the long arm (lq) on the one hand, and the short arm (lp) d on the other hand, chromosome 1 by the implementation of said method on cells originating from a tumor sample.
- tumor cells from biological samples taken from 16 patients aged between 33 and 73 years, and corresponding to 13 tumors and 6 cytopunctions, 2 patients having undergone both a cytopuncture , then a lumpectomy, and 1 patient who underwent 2 lumpectomies (right breast and left breast).
- stage I tumors 3 were found to correspond to stage I tumors, 4 to stage II A tumors, 8 to stage IB tumors, 1 to stage IIIA tumor and 1 to stage IIIB tumor, according to the grouping by stage of the AMERICAN JOINT COMMUTEE OF CANCER (AJCC). Furthermore, histology has shown that in 10 cases it was infiltrative ductal carcinoma, in 3 cases of infiltrative lobular carcinoma, and in 3 other cases of undifferentiated carcinoma, colloid carcinoma and intracanal carcinoma According to the SCARFF-BLOOM-RICHARDSON (SBR) grade method, 3 tumors were grade II while 5 were grade III.
- SBR SCARFF-BLOOM-RICHARDSON
- the cell lines were cultivated under standard conditions. They were fixed either with CARNOY liquid or with 0.5% paraformaldehyde in PBS buffer with, in the latter case, post-fixation with 10% ethanol, then spread on slides.
- the tumors and half of the cytopunctions were placed in short-term cultures (72 hours) as described by MULERIS et al. (Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer, 1994, 10, 160-170). Then, the cells originating from these cultures were fixed by CARNOY liquid and spread on slides.
- chromosomal suspensions of the cell lines H 466 and DU 145 (strain available from the ATCC under the number HTB-81), characterized respectively by a chromosomal rearrangement iso (lq) and by a chromosomal rearrangement del (l) (q10-qter), were prepared according to the technique described by VAN DEN ENGH et al. (Cytometry, 1984, 5, 108-117).
- a total of 300 chromosomes corresponding either to iso (lq) or to del (l) (q10-qter) were sorted by flow cytometry. Then, these chromosomes were amplified by the PARM-PCR chain polymerization technique using primers (GAG) 7 and labeled according to the protocols described by MILAN et al. (Mammalian Génome, 1996, 7, 194-199), using as markers, digoxigenin-11-dUTP (BOEHRINGER MANNHEIM) for the chromosomes intended to serve as probes for the lq arm and biotin- 11-dUTP ( SIGMA) for chromosomes intended to serve as probes for the lp arm.
- GAG primers
- SIGMA biotin- 11-dUTP
- the in situ hybridization was carried out by adding to the protocol described by TRUONG et al. (Anal. Cell Path., 1997, 13, 137-146) some minor modifications.
- RNAse 100 ⁇ g / ml, SIGMA
- the tumor cell slides and control cells were incubated at 37 ° C for 10 minutes in the presence of pepsin (SIGMA) at a concentration of 4 ⁇ g / ml in 0.01M HCl. Then, they were rinsed 2 times in PBS buffer, for 5 minutes and at room temperature, post-fixed in liquid
- the DNA of the chromosomes intended to serve as probes has been denatured at
- the target DNA that is to say the DNA of the tumor cell and control cell slides, was denatured at 70 ° C. for 3 minutes in 2 ⁇ SSC buffer comprising 70% formamide ( FLUKA), pH 7. The slides were then rinsed in buffer
- MOLECULAR PROBES MOLECULAR PROBES
- DISCOVERY ® BECTON DICKINSON IMAGE CYTOMETRY SYSTEMS including: - a light source consisting of a mercury vapor lamp with a power of 100 W (OSRAM),)
- an image acquisition card suitable for digitizing the signal delivered by the camera and - connected to this card, a microcomputer comprising a central unit sold by the company INTEL under the reference 486 and provided with the software for DISCOVERY ® image processing.
- the DAPI counter-dye was first excited at the wavelength of 330 nm so as to reveal the areas of the image formed by the optical system on the camera sensor, occupied by the cores and to define the optimal focus of this image. Then, the intensities of the green and red fluorescence emitted in these nuclei were measured successively, using as relevant areas of these fluorescences, the areas of the image having been detected as corresponding to areas occupied by nuclei. The optimum integration time was determined for each of the fluorescences with respect to a control cell slide and was then used for all the tumor cell slides to be analyzed.
- Figure 1 shows the histograms obtained for a slide corresponding to one of the biological samples (sample 94T) and representing the number of nuclei as a function of the fluorescence intensities as measured for the arm lq of a on the one hand, and the lp arm on the other.
- the ratio (R réelle) between the fluorescence intensities corresponding respectively to the lq arm and to the lp arm was calculated by two different methods: - a first method (ci- after “method 1") consisting in determining for each slide, using the DISCOVERY image analysis software, the average of the green fluorescence intensities (arm lq) and the average of the red fluorescence intensities (arm lp) emitted in the nuclei and calculating the ratio between the means thus obtained; and - a second method (hereinafter “method 2”) consisting in determining the ratio between the intensity of green fluorescence (arm lq) and the intensity of red fluorescence (arm lp) emitted in each nucleus, to be established by means EXCEL software marketed by the MICROSOFT Company, the histogram representing the number of nuclei as a function of the value of the ratios thus obtained for the whole of a slide and calculating,
- R, R representing between the fluorescence intensities corresponding respectively to the lq arm and to the lp arm obtained for slides of lymphocyte cells treated and analyzed under exactly the same conditions. 7 Measurement of background noise: The importance of background noise was assessed by analyzing tumor cell slides which have not been subjected to any hybridization and by comparing the results obtained with those observed for tumor cell slides which have undergone subject of in situ hybridization under the conditions described above. It has thus been possible to verify that the background noise represents on average less than 20% of the specific signals and that, therefore, it does not significantly interfere with the fluorescence measurements.
- Tumor cells of the cell lines The cell lines ZR 75, BT 20 and H 466 represent populations of tumor cells which have the double advantage of being very homogeneous since they result from the same clone, and from provide, insofar as they are maintained by a permanent culture, a sufficient number of cells in metaphase to allow a systematic control of the results obtained with the detection method object of the invention by the techniques of R-banding and FISH on metaphasic chromosomes. This is the reason why the inventors have chosen to use these cell lines to verify the reliability of the detection method in accordance with the invention and to test the influence, on the results obtained, of the mode of fixation of the cells to be analyzed. as well as the method of calculating the ratio between the fluorescence intensities corresponding respectively to the lq arm and to the lp arm. Table 1 below presents:
- the indices of imbalance (/,) between the arms lq and lp as obtained for the 13 tumors and the 6 punctures by the process in accordance with the invention and - on the other hand, the imbalance indices (I m ) between the arms lq and lp as determined for these biological samples by the techniques of R-banding and FISH on metaphasic chromosomes, when it has been possible to put in place works these two techniques.
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99942963A EP1112380A1 (fr) | 1998-09-16 | 1999-09-14 | Procede et trousse pour la detection d'un desequilibre intrachromosomique dans des noyaux interphasiques et leurs applications |
US09/805,768 US6605436B1 (en) | 1998-09-16 | 1999-09-14 | Method and kit for detecting intrachromosome imbalance in interphase nuclei and their applications |
CA002343107A CA2343107A1 (fr) | 1998-09-16 | 1999-09-14 | Procede et trousse pour la detection d'un desequilibre intrachromosomique dans des noyaux interphasiques et leurs applications |
JP2000570368A JP2002525559A (ja) | 1998-09-16 | 1999-09-14 | 間期の核における染色体内不均衡を検出する方法及びそのキットならびにその適用 |
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FR98/11557 | 1998-09-16 | ||
FR9811557A FR2783253B1 (fr) | 1998-09-16 | 1998-09-16 | Procede et trousse pour la detection d'un desequilibre intrachromosomique dans des noyaux interphasiques et leurs applications |
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US09/805,768 A-371-Of-International US6605436B1 (en) | 1998-09-16 | 1999-09-14 | Method and kit for detecting intrachromosome imbalance in interphase nuclei and their applications |
US10/442,251 Division US20030203393A1 (en) | 1998-09-16 | 2003-05-21 | Method and kit for detecting intrachromosome imbalance in interphase nuclei and their applications |
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WO2000015841A1 true WO2000015841A1 (fr) | 2000-03-23 |
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PCT/FR1999/002179 WO2000015841A1 (fr) | 1998-09-16 | 1999-09-14 | Procede et trousse pour la detection d'un desequilibre intrachromosomique dans des noyaux interphasiques et leurs applications |
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US (2) | US6605436B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1112380A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2002525559A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2343107A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2783253B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2000015841A1 (fr) |
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FR2826977B1 (fr) * | 2001-07-03 | 2004-07-16 | Imstar S A | Procede et systeme de detection de desequilibre inter-chromosomique par hybridation in situ de sondes fluorescentes (fish) sur des noyaux cellulaires en interphases |
JP5935207B2 (ja) * | 2012-01-31 | 2016-06-15 | 国立大学法人山口大学 | イメージサイトメーターを利用した染色体多倍性を示し、かつ、細胞増殖能を有する細胞の有無を判定する方法 |
CN112698025B (zh) * | 2020-12-14 | 2022-10-18 | 四川沃文特生物技术有限公司 | 抗原或抗体包被磁微粒的方法、应用及试剂盒 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP0500290A2 (fr) * | 1991-02-22 | 1992-08-26 | Regents Of The University Of California | Coloration de chromosomes particuliers pour détection des réarrangements génétiques |
US5756696A (en) * | 1986-01-16 | 1998-05-26 | Regents Of The University Of California | Compositions for chromosome-specific staining |
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AU6031094A (en) * | 1993-01-15 | 1994-08-15 | Public Health Research Institute Of The City Of New York, Inc., The | Sensitive nucleic acid sandwich hybridization assays and kits |
US5830645A (en) * | 1994-12-09 | 1998-11-03 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Comparative fluorescence hybridization to nucleic acid arrays |
-
1998
- 1998-09-16 FR FR9811557A patent/FR2783253B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-09-14 EP EP99942963A patent/EP1112380A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-09-14 WO PCT/FR1999/002179 patent/WO2000015841A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-09-14 US US09/805,768 patent/US6605436B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-09-14 CA CA002343107A patent/CA2343107A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1999-09-14 JP JP2000570368A patent/JP2002525559A/ja not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-05-21 US US10/442,251 patent/US20030203393A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5756696A (en) * | 1986-01-16 | 1998-05-26 | Regents Of The University Of California | Compositions for chromosome-specific staining |
EP0500290A2 (fr) * | 1991-02-22 | 1992-08-26 | Regents Of The University Of California | Coloration de chromosomes particuliers pour détection des réarrangements génétiques |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
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Publication number | Publication date |
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FR2783253A1 (fr) | 2000-03-17 |
US6605436B1 (en) | 2003-08-12 |
JP2002525559A (ja) | 2002-08-13 |
CA2343107A1 (fr) | 2000-03-23 |
FR2783253B1 (fr) | 2002-03-01 |
EP1112380A1 (fr) | 2001-07-04 |
US20030203393A1 (en) | 2003-10-30 |
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