WO2000015573A1 - Mastiques refractaires - Google Patents

Mastiques refractaires Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2000015573A1
WO2000015573A1 PCT/GB1999/003062 GB9903062W WO0015573A1 WO 2000015573 A1 WO2000015573 A1 WO 2000015573A1 GB 9903062 W GB9903062 W GB 9903062W WO 0015573 A1 WO0015573 A1 WO 0015573A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mastic
fibres
colloidal silica
fibre
alkaline earth
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1999/003062
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Paul Nigel Eaton
Original Assignee
The Morgan Crucible Company Plc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The Morgan Crucible Company Plc filed Critical The Morgan Crucible Company Plc
Priority to KR1020017003334A priority Critical patent/KR20010079828A/ko
Priority to CA002336974A priority patent/CA2336974A1/fr
Priority to MXPA01002622A priority patent/MXPA01002622A/es
Priority to PL99346610A priority patent/PL346610A1/xx
Priority to BR9912238-3A priority patent/BR9912238A/pt
Priority to AU58759/99A priority patent/AU5875999A/en
Priority to JP2000570118A priority patent/JP4319355B2/ja
Priority to EP99946345A priority patent/EP1115672A1/fr
Publication of WO2000015573A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000015573A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings increasing the durability of linings or breaking away linings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B30/00—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders
    • C04B30/02—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders containing fibrous materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/34—Filling pastes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
    • C09K3/10—Materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
    • C09K3/1025—Materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers characterised by non-chemical features of one or more of its constituents
    • C09K3/1028—Fibres
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/0003—Linings or walls
    • F27D1/0006—Linings or walls formed from bricks or layers with a particular composition or specific characteristics
    • F27D1/0009—Comprising ceramic fibre elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00663—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as filling material for cavities or the like

Definitions

  • This invention relates to refractory mastics and is particularly applicable to mastics comprising saline soluble fibres bonded with a binder comprising colloidal silica.
  • Refractory ceramic fibres are well known materials and typically comprise an alumino- silicate inorganic fibre formed from an oxide melt which is spun, blown, drawn, or otherwise formed into fibres. Such RCF fibres are used in the manufacture of various industrial and domestic articles. Typical uses of RCF are for applications in which resistance to temperatures in excess of 800°C is required.
  • RCF fibre is used in the form of needled blankets of fibre in which structural integrity is provided by the fibres that are tangled together in the needling process. (Such products are known as "blanket"). Sometimes a binder is used to lock the fibres together subsequent to exposure to high temperature. Blanket can be processed further to form cut shapes or folded to form insulating modules.
  • RCF fibre is also used in the production of so-called "Converted Products".
  • Converted products comprise materials in which the RCF is processed further to provide materials in which the RCF is present as either a minor or major constituent.
  • Typical converted products include the following:- "Board” - substantially rigid flat sheets containing inorganic and/or organic binders produced by a wet process (for example made by dehydrating a suspension of RCF and binders); "Paper” - a flexible fibrous insulating material with a thickness of less than or equal to
  • Shapes substantially rigid shapes made of ceramic fibre with the addition of inorganic and/or organic binder, fired or unfired (for example,RCF formed by vacuum fo ⁇ riing into a variety of shapes);
  • 'Tire shapes - RCF formed by a vacuum forrning route and used for domestic and industrial fires either as radiant bodies or for decorative appearance;
  • Ceramics - ceramic fibre with inorganic and/or organic binder which may be cast (for example, RCF in the form of cements, concretes and mortars);
  • Plastics - A mouldable material containing RCF with binders and which may be trowelled, hand moulded, or dispensed from a pressure gun and which sets upon drying/heating;
  • Textiles - ceramic fibre which has been woven with or without the addition of other filaments, wires, or yarns (for example, RCF formed into rope, yam, mats and the like by textile technology).
  • binders are used. There are two broad classes of binders:- "Organic binders” - which serve to improve the handling characteristics of the product concerned at low temperatures but which bum off at higher temperatures.
  • Organic binders include, for example, such materials as starch.
  • “Inorganic binders” which may be effective to improve the handling characteristics of the product concerned at low temperatures, but which also give integrity to the product after exposure to high temperatures.
  • Inorganic binders include, for example, such materials as colloidal silicas, aluminas, and clays.
  • RCF is an inorganic fibrous material.
  • Inorganic fibrous materials can be either glassy or crystalline.
  • Asbestos is an inorganic fibrous material one form of which has been strongly implicated in respiratory disease.
  • Such fibres comprise alkaline earth silicates (e.g. WO87/05007, WO89/12032, WO93/15028, WO94/15883, WO96/02478, and WO97/49643) which are soluble to varying extent in body fluids.
  • alkaline earth silicates e.g. WO87/05007, WO89/12032, WO93/15028, WO94/15883, WO96/02478, and WO97/49643
  • a problem with saline soluble fibres is that by their nature they are more reactive than RCF and therefore cannot always be used as a dire t replacement for RCF. Mastics are required to have a reasonable shelf life, which for RCF containing mastics is generally about 6 months. Mastics made using alkaline earth metal silicates have had such a short shelf life as to be unusable. The applicants have realised that this is due to the reactivity of the fibres with the binders. Calcium ions released from the alkaline earth metal silicate fibres set the organic and inorganic constituents of the mastic.
  • the present invention provides a mastic comprising:- a) inorganic refractory fibres; and, b) colloidal silica characterised in that the inorganic refractory fibres are alkaline earth metal silicates and the colloidal silica has a pH of below 8.
  • the pH is below 7 and may usefully lie in the range 4 to 7.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a penetrometer used in measuring the characteristics of mastics
  • Figs. 2 to 5 are graphs showing penetrometer readings for various mastic compositions.
  • the invention is exemplified in the following with reference to the alkaline earth silicate fibres SUPERWOOL 607TM and SUPERWOOL 612TM (both available from Thermal Ceramics Limited of Bromborough, England).
  • SUPERWOOL 607TM has a nominal composition (by weight) of SiO 2 65%, CaO 29.5%, MgO 5.5%, and Al 2 O ⁇ 1% and is usable at temperatures up to 1050°C.
  • SUPERWOOL 612TM has a nominal composition (by weight) of SiO 2 64%, CaO 17%, MgO 13.5%, ZrO 2 5%, impurities 0.5% and is usable at temperatures up to 1260°C.
  • Fibre mastics or mouldables are used to repair fibre linings of kilns.
  • SUPERWOOL 612TM has been used to replace refractory ceramic fibre in many applications but when used in current mastic formulations as a replacement for RCF the shelf life is not satisfactory and certainly will not be useable 6 months after manufacture.
  • the applicants have shown that by using certain types of colloidal silica and/or a different viscosity modifier and/or calcium scavenging multi- dentate ligands then the shelf life can be much extended over the standard formulation.
  • the fibres used in experiments of mastic compositions were SUPERWOOL 612TM and SUPERWOOL 607TM.
  • the latter fibre was used in an attempt to predict the long-term effects on the SUPERWOOL 612TM fibre.
  • a standard mastic mix with SUPERWOOL 612TM as a one for one replacement of RCF will be useable up to about three weeks compared to only 1-2 days with the SUPERWOOL 607TM fibre which is much more reactive.
  • a standard RCF fibre (HY20TM (46%Al 2 O 3 /54%SiO 2 ) ob t ainable from Thermal Ceramics Limited, Bromborough, England) was used as a comparison.
  • the standard procedure for producing a mastic in these experiments was to first combine the ingredients of colloidal silica, water, biocide and dye (if appropriate) with a paddle-type stirrer. Then the viscosity modifier was slowly added to this liquid which was allowed to thicken on standing (3 - 5 minutes). A Hobart-type mixer was used to break down the bulk fibre for 10-15 seconds on low speed before the thickened liquor was added. After about 1 minute the speed was then increased to its maximum for 4 minutes to obtain a homogenous mixture that had a consistency that was stiff/creamy. The mastic would then be ready for use or for storage in airtight containers.
  • a penetrometer (Fig. 1).
  • the penetrometer had two rams 1 (one aluminium and the other steel of respective masses 109 g and 336g) which gave the ability to measure quite different consistencies due to the different weights involved.
  • the lever 2 on top of the penetrometer was used to release the ram to drop down and penetrate the mastic.
  • Indicator mark 3 was viewed through window 4 and compared with scale 5 (in mm). Higher penetration readings represented mastic of lower viscosity.
  • the penetrometer tests show that the stability of the SUPERWOOL 612TM mastic, as measured using the steel ram, can be extended from approximately 20 days to over 120 days. This was achieved by substituting the standard colloidal silica used in such mastics (NyacolTM 1430 - a colloidal silica with a pH of 10.2) by an acidic colloidal silica (LudoxTM TMA - a colloidal silica with a pH of 4-7), a different viscosity modifier (Magnafloc 351), or a combination of both (Ludox SKTM - a colloidal silica with a pH of 4-7 & Magnafloc 351). The results of the tests are shown in Figures 4 & 5.
  • Formulations using SUPERWOOL 607TM fibre were used as accelerated tests of the SUPERWOOL 612TM fibre. Values for the standard formulation (using Nyacol colloidal silica) had bottomed out after only 1-2 days.
  • the Ludox TMA gave about 14 days before it plummeted within a day to its lowest level. This mastic gave very high readings to start with and could not be measured with the steel ram until day 10.
  • the Ludox SKTM with Magnafloc 351 produced fairly linear values at least up to 50 days; if this difference were to be reproduced with the SUPERWOOL 612TM fibre then a shelf life of at least 6 months could be expected. Magnafloc 351 substituted in the standard SUPERWOOL 607TM mix alone did not make such a large difference, reaching the same value in 2 days as the standard and then continued to drop below this.
  • EDTA As an alternative to the acidic colloidal silicas or the Magnafloc 351, EDTA has also proven to be reasonably effective extending the normal life of the standard mix by adding only 0.4% EDTA. The mix thickened very quickly over the first few hours but then remained stable. Extra initial water may achieve the required viscosity without altering other properties.
  • a production formulation for a mastic comprises approximately :- Ludox TMA silica 42.2wt%
  • an acidic colloidal silica reduces liberation of calcium ions from the fibre; use of the non-ionic viscosity modifier reduces the risk of setting reactions with the calcium ions released; and provision of multi-dentate ligands such as ethylene glycol and EDTA scavenges and locks up the calcium produced by the fibres.
  • the present invention is not limited to the particular viscosity modifiers and multi-dentate ligands disclosed however.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des mastiques qui comprennent les éléments suivants, séparés ou combinés: (1) (a) des fibres réfractaires de silicate de métal terreux alcalin; et (b) de la silice colloïdale présentant un pH inférieur à 8; (2) (a) des fibres réfractaires de silicate de métal terreux alcalin et (b) un modificateur de la viscosité de polymère non ionique; (3) des fibres réfractaires de silicate de métal terreux alcalin et (b) un ligand de complexage de calcium multicoordinant.
PCT/GB1999/003062 1998-09-15 1999-09-14 Mastiques refractaires WO2000015573A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020017003334A KR20010079828A (ko) 1998-09-15 1999-09-14 내화 매스틱
CA002336974A CA2336974A1 (fr) 1998-09-15 1999-09-14 Mastiques refractaires
MXPA01002622A MXPA01002622A (es) 1998-09-15 1999-09-14 Mastiques refractarios.
PL99346610A PL346610A1 (en) 1998-09-15 1999-09-14 Refractory mastics
BR9912238-3A BR9912238A (pt) 1998-09-15 1999-09-14 Mastiques refratários
AU58759/99A AU5875999A (en) 1998-09-15 1999-09-14 Refractory mastics
JP2000570118A JP4319355B2 (ja) 1998-09-15 1999-09-14 耐火漆喰
EP99946345A EP1115672A1 (fr) 1998-09-15 1999-09-14 Mastiques refractaires

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9820123A GB2337993B (en) 1998-09-15 1998-09-15 Refractory mastics
GB9820123.9 1998-09-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000015573A1 true WO2000015573A1 (fr) 2000-03-23

Family

ID=10838919

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1999/003062 WO2000015573A1 (fr) 1998-09-15 1999-09-14 Mastiques refractaires

Country Status (14)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1115672A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4319355B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20010079828A (fr)
CN (1) CN1316981A (fr)
AU (1) AU5875999A (fr)
BR (1) BR9912238A (fr)
CA (1) CA2336974A1 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ2001948A3 (fr)
GB (1) GB2337993B (fr)
HK (1) HK1024226A1 (fr)
ID (1) ID27836A (fr)
MX (1) MXPA01002622A (fr)
PL (1) PL346610A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000015573A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7413797B2 (en) 2006-05-31 2008-08-19 Unifrax Illc Backup thermal insulation plate
US8088701B2 (en) 2006-11-28 2012-01-03 The Morgan Crucible Company Plc Inorganic fibre compositions
US8627853B1 (en) 2007-08-17 2014-01-14 Unifrax I Llc Insulating material for automotive exhaust line tubing and manifolds
EP2786976A1 (fr) 2011-12-01 2014-10-08 Nichias Corporation Composition monolithique
AU2012235264B2 (en) * 2011-03-30 2015-05-07 Nichias Corporation Cured molded article
US9434656B2 (en) 2011-03-30 2016-09-06 Nichias Corporation Wet blanket
CN105928629A (zh) * 2016-04-29 2016-09-07 武汉理工大学 钢铁冶炼测温纸质泥头及其所用的耐火胶粘剂
US10487224B2 (en) 2016-06-06 2019-11-26 Unifrax I, Llc Refractory coating material containing low biopersistent fibers and method for making the same

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1204472A (en) * 1966-08-09 1970-09-09 Foseco Trading Ag Heat-insulating shaped compositions
US3835054A (en) * 1972-07-10 1974-09-10 Nalco Chemical Co Method for preparation of thermal insulation board
US4040847A (en) * 1976-04-14 1977-08-09 Johns-Manville Corporation Temperature stable fibrous insulation composition and "wet" package formed thereof
JPS55160081A (en) * 1980-05-12 1980-12-12 Kyokado Eng Co Ltd Coagulation of ground
GB2122984A (en) * 1982-07-06 1984-01-25 Didier Werke Ag Pasty fibrous compositions
US4430369A (en) * 1982-06-01 1984-02-07 Nalco Chemical Company Silica sol penetration and saturation of thermal insulation fibers
WO1994015883A1 (fr) * 1993-01-15 1994-07-21 The Morgan Crucible Company Plc Fibres solubres inorganiques salines
JPH07196350A (ja) * 1993-12-28 1995-08-01 Kyokado Eng Co Ltd セメント硬化物、これに適用される保護剤および保護方法
EP0710628A2 (fr) * 1993-01-15 1996-05-08 The Morgan Crucible Company Plc Fibres inorganiques solubles en solution salines
WO1997020782A1 (fr) * 1995-12-04 1997-06-12 Owens Corning Fibres pourvues de revetements contenant du phosphore

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1204472A (en) * 1966-08-09 1970-09-09 Foseco Trading Ag Heat-insulating shaped compositions
US3835054A (en) * 1972-07-10 1974-09-10 Nalco Chemical Co Method for preparation of thermal insulation board
US4040847A (en) * 1976-04-14 1977-08-09 Johns-Manville Corporation Temperature stable fibrous insulation composition and "wet" package formed thereof
JPS55160081A (en) * 1980-05-12 1980-12-12 Kyokado Eng Co Ltd Coagulation of ground
US4430369A (en) * 1982-06-01 1984-02-07 Nalco Chemical Company Silica sol penetration and saturation of thermal insulation fibers
GB2122984A (en) * 1982-07-06 1984-01-25 Didier Werke Ag Pasty fibrous compositions
WO1994015883A1 (fr) * 1993-01-15 1994-07-21 The Morgan Crucible Company Plc Fibres solubres inorganiques salines
EP0710628A2 (fr) * 1993-01-15 1996-05-08 The Morgan Crucible Company Plc Fibres inorganiques solubles en solution salines
JPH07196350A (ja) * 1993-12-28 1995-08-01 Kyokado Eng Co Ltd セメント硬化物、これに適用される保護剤および保護方法
WO1997020782A1 (fr) * 1995-12-04 1997-06-12 Owens Corning Fibres pourvues de revetements contenant du phosphore

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 94, no. 12, 23 March 1981, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 89188d, "Ground hardening with water glass grout" XP000063851 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1995, no. 11 26 December 1995 (1995-12-26) *

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7413797B2 (en) 2006-05-31 2008-08-19 Unifrax Illc Backup thermal insulation plate
US8088701B2 (en) 2006-11-28 2012-01-03 The Morgan Crucible Company Plc Inorganic fibre compositions
US8627853B1 (en) 2007-08-17 2014-01-14 Unifrax I Llc Insulating material for automotive exhaust line tubing and manifolds
AU2012235264B2 (en) * 2011-03-30 2015-05-07 Nichias Corporation Cured molded article
US9434656B2 (en) 2011-03-30 2016-09-06 Nichias Corporation Wet blanket
EP2786976A1 (fr) 2011-12-01 2014-10-08 Nichias Corporation Composition monolithique
CN105928629A (zh) * 2016-04-29 2016-09-07 武汉理工大学 钢铁冶炼测温纸质泥头及其所用的耐火胶粘剂
US10487224B2 (en) 2016-06-06 2019-11-26 Unifrax I, Llc Refractory coating material containing low biopersistent fibers and method for making the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2337993A (en) 1999-12-08
CN1316981A (zh) 2001-10-10
EP1115672A1 (fr) 2001-07-18
PL346610A1 (en) 2002-02-25
JP2002524384A (ja) 2002-08-06
GB9820123D0 (en) 1998-11-11
AU5875999A (en) 2000-04-03
KR20010079828A (ko) 2001-08-22
CA2336974A1 (fr) 2000-03-23
HK1024226A1 (en) 2000-10-05
CZ2001948A3 (cs) 2001-11-14
JP4319355B2 (ja) 2009-08-26
GB2337993B (en) 2000-04-12
ID27836A (id) 2001-04-26
BR9912238A (pt) 2001-04-10
MXPA01002622A (es) 2002-04-08

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