WO1999055987A1

WO1999055987A1 - Method for producing a coating with decorative patterns, mineral coating and tools for implementing same

Info

Publication number: WO1999055987A1
Application number: PCT/FR1999/001009
Authority: WO
Inventors: Claude Souron
Original assignee: Claude Souron
Priority date: 1998-04-28
Filing date: 1999-04-28
Publication date: 1999-11-04
Also published as: DE69929962D1; BR9910028A; HUP0101648A2; ATE318355T1; CN1303456A; KR100529865B1; EP1082504A1; KR20010071187A; TR200100154T2; EP1082504B1; DE69929962T2; FR2777829A1; HUP0101648A3; FR2777829B1; CN1108934C

Abstract

The invention concerns a method for producing a coating with decorative patterns, a mineral coating and the tools for implementing said method. The method for coating with decorative patterns is characterised in that it consists in: a first step for depositing a coating layer (1) on the surface (2) to be coated; a second step for quasi-instantaneously forming patterns on the fresh and still malleable coating layer (1).

Description

Method for producing decorative patterned plaster, mineral plaster and tools for carrying out the process

The invention relates to a method for producing decorative pattern plaster, mineral plaster and the tools enabling the method to be implemented. The invention relates more particularly to a process for producing plaster with decorative patterns by stamping, and the matrices allowing the implementation of the process.

It is known, in particular from patent WO 95/02516, a method which makes it possible to produce decorative patterns by removing material using a knife. Many processes using material removal currently exist. The realization of the patterns implies a loss of material and turns out to be long if we want a regular and uniform result.

In the prior art, the method traditionally used to provide a stone appearance to a coated surface is to allow the coating to dry for a few hours, approximately five hours, and then to scrape off the coated surface using a trowel. nails or wire brush. This process requires the operator to perform a recovery work a few hours after the application of the coating layer. The desired appearance is obtained by removing material, this process therefore involves a loss of material. In addition, after the finishing work by scraping, there are always grains that fall from the facade if you pass your hand.

There are also methods that use a matrix to create patterns on concrete. Forging is then carried out by flat molding or at the bottom of the sheet. The matrices used are sheets of synthetic resins weighing between 40 and 60 kg / m ² , which are laid flat at the bottom of the mold, or which are fixed vertically on a rigid sheet. The concrete is then poured and vibrated then it is demolded to obtain the decorative patterns. This process allows for decorative patterns when making concrete walls or constructions. If one wishes to carry out decorative patterns once the wall is constructed, the process requires the application of a layer of concrete of a few centimeters. This process turns out to be impractical, long to implement. It requires bulky tools, and a large amount of material.

A first object of the invention is to propose a process for producing coatings with decorative patterns overcoming the drawbacks of the prior art cited above, which is easy to implement. This object is achieved by the fact that the process for producing coatings with decorative patterns, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

a first step of depositing a coating layer on the surface to be coated,

- a second step of almost instant matrixing of the patterns on the layer of fresh plaster still malleable.

According to another particular feature, the reliefs constituting the decorative patterns have a maximum depth of the order of 8 millimeters and a width of between 3 and 20 millimeters and have draft angles of the order of at least 5 °. According to another particularity, the step of stamping the patterns takes place after a determined drying time of the coating layer, which is a function of the climatic conditions and of the compactness of the coating, so that the coating no longer sticky to the fingers, the matrix being removed immediately after application. According to another particular feature, the pattern stamping step is carried out on the layer of fresh plaster directly after its application, the matrix being kept applied for a time determined according to the climatic conditions and the compactness of the plaster before be removed.

According to another particular feature, the stamping step is carried out by application of a semi-rigid sheet comprising the patterns in relief and having a thickness of 5/10 to 2 millimeters for a weight per square meter of 100 to 600 g / m ² .

According to another particular feature, the stamping step is carried out by application of a semi-rigid sheet, having the patterns in relief on one of its faces and the hollow patterns on the other face.

According to another particular feature, the stamping step is carried out by inlaying hollow patterns on the coating layer, the face of the sheet having the raised patterns being applied and then being removed.

According to another particular feature, the step of depositing the coating layer is followed by a step of projecting gravel, the stamping step making it possible to embed the gravel in the coating.

According to another particular feature, the stamping step is carried out by application of a flexible plastic sheet 1 to 5 tenths of a millimeter thick on which is moved a roller having on its surface the patterns in relief.

According to another particularity, the stamping step is carried out by application of a flexible plastic sheet of 1 to 5 tenths of a millimeter thick on which is applied a parallelepiped plate having on its surface the patterns in relief, the sheet being applied and then be removed.

According to another particular feature, the method comprises a step of filling the hollows of the patterns embedded in the coating layer (1) with a filling coating of a color different from that of the stamped coating layer. According to another particularity, the stamping step is carried out by application of a flexible or semi-rigid sheet, aggregates of different particle sizes being bonded to one of the faces of the matrix, so as to form a granular surface comprising recesses, imitating the appearance of the stone, the face of the sheet having the aggregates being applied against the plaster. According to another particular feature, the stamping carried out is a stamping in relief by adding plaster, the patterns are produced in relief on the plaster layer, the face of the sheet having the hollow patterns, previously filled with plaster, being applied to the fresh plaster layer for 4 to 5 hours before being removed from the mold.

According to another particular feature, the coating layer added to a thickness of 4 to 5 millimeters.

According to another particularity, the dies include positioning marks and are made of material having a low coefficient of adhesion with the coating.

According to another particularity, the matrices are transparent and made of a material having a low coefficient of adhesion with the coating.

According to another particular feature, the semi-rigid sheet dies are pierced in order to allow the evacuation of the air trapped between the matrix and the coating layer at the time of manual pressing of the sheet on the coating layer.

Another object of the invention is to propose matrices allowing the implementation of the method.

This object is achieved by the fact that the decorative patterns of the matrix used have a maximum depth of 8 millimeters, a width of between 3 and 15 millimeters and have draft angles of at least 5 °.

According to another particularity, the matrix consists of a semi-rigid sheet having a thickness of between 5/10 and 2 millimeters for a weight per square meter of between 100 and 600g.

According to another particularity, the matrix comprises patterns in relief on one of its faces and complementary hollow patterns on the other face.

According to another feature, the matrix is made of a material having a low coefficient of adhesion with the coating in the group constituted by a plasticized cardboard, a film or a sheet of polystyrene, polyurethane, polyane, polyethylene.

According to another particular feature, the matrix consists of a roller having on its surface the raised patterns and a flexible plastic sheet on which the roller is moved.

According to another particular feature, the matrix consists of a parallelepipedic plate having on its surface the patterns in relief and of a flexible plastic sheet on which the plate is applied.

According to another particularity, the matrix is a flexible plastic sheet, aggregates of different particle sizes being bonded to one of the faces of the matrix, so as to form a granular surface comprising recesses, imitating the appearance of the stone.

According to another particular feature, the matrix includes positioning marks. According to another particular feature, the sheet or sheets constituting the matrix are transparent.

According to another particular feature, the sheet or sheets constituting the matrix are pierced with small perforations in order to allow the evacuation of the air trapped between the matrix and the coating layer when the matrix is pressed on the coating layer .

Another object of the invention is to propose a mineral coating allowing the implementation of the process.

This object is achieved by the fact that the mineral coating comprises aggregates, air lime, cement, mica, fine fillers, a light mineral filler and specific additives providing water-repellency and retention functions. water, coloring, protective and air entraining.

According to another particularity, the fine fillers are of limestone nature and have a particle size of less than 80 microns. According to another particular feature, the water retentor is a cellulose ether.

According to another particularity, the cement is white of the CPA-CEM I 52.5 type. According to another particularity, the aggregates are rolled siliceous sands whose particle size ranges between 80 and 3000 μ.

In another feature, the air entrainer is a surfactant.

According to another particularity, the mica particles have dimensions of less than two millimeters. According to another particular feature, the light charge consists of diatoms with a density between 0.1 and 0.3.

According to another particular feature, the protective agent is a biocide.

According to another particular feature, the coating comprises a mineral or organic dye. According to another particular feature, the waterproofing adjuvant is a mass water repellent.

Other particularities and advantages of the present invention will appear more clearly on reading the description below made with reference to the appended drawings in which: FIG. 1 represents a sectional view of the first step of the process,

FIG. 2 represents a sectional view of a matrix according to the invention,

FIG. 3 represents an enlarged view of a pattern of the matrix represented in FIG. 2,

FIG. 4 represents an example of a decorative pattern,

FIG. 5 represents the second step of the method according to an embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 6 represents a sectional view of the second step of the method according to another embodiment of the invention, FIG. 7 represents the surface of a matrix according to the invention,

- Figures 8A and 8B respectively represent a perspective view and a cross-sectional view along the axis AA 'of another embodiment of a matrix according to the invention, - Figures 9A to 9D represent the successive steps of an alternative embodiment of the method according to the invention,

FIGS. 10A to 10E represent the successive steps of another variant embodiment of the method according to the invention,

- Figure 11 shows the surface of a matrix according to another alternative embodiment.

The invention will now be described with reference to the figures. In a first step and according to Figure 1, a coating layer (1) is deposited on the surface (2) to be coated. The coating can be applied directly, for example, to concrete or masonry, bricks, studs or stones. The method can be applied to an exterior or interior surface. The deposition of this coating layer can be carried out by spraying by means of a machine or manually. The thickness of the plaster serves, on the outside, to provide on the one hand a decorative effect and on the other hand impermeability, while on the inside, it is mainly decorative. For good waterproofing, a layer of 10 to 15 millimeters of plaster can be applied. The coating can also be deposited on a smaller thickness in the case where waterproofing is not sought (example: the case of a concrete wall). Indeed, a coating thickness of the order of only 4 to 5 millimeters is necessary to achieve the decorative appearance according to the invention.

A matrix comprising decorative patterns is then applied to the layer of fresh plaster (1). Referring to Figure 2, the matrix may consist of a rigid or semi-rigid plastic sheet (3) of small thickness and having a low weight per square meter. Preferably, the thickness of the sheet is 5/10 to 1 or 2 millimeters for a weight per square meter of 100 to 600 g / m ² . The matrix can be produced for example from a sheet of polystyrene. Other materials, such as polyurethane or polyethylene can be used. The decorative patterns can be produced by thermoforming or by stamping sheets or plastic rolls. The matrix can also consist of a sheet of plasticized cardboard. A very thin plastic film, such as, for example, a polyethylene film, is for example glued to the surfaces of a sheet of cardboard. The complex thus formed is then stamped to form the decorative patterns.

The matrix has on one of its faces, called the front side

(4), the relief pattern (6) and on the second face, called the reverse side (5), the recessed pattern (7). The pattern is therefore constituted by reliefs (8) on the front side and by grooves or cavities (9) on the back side. The reliefs (8) constituting the pattern, and arranged on the front face (4) have a depth (P) of between 3 and 8 millimeters and a width (d) of between 3 and 15 millimeters. With reference to FIG. 3, the reliefs (8) can have clearance angles (x) of at least 5 °. The dimensions of the matrix can vary depending on the size of the area to be decorated and the type of pattern. The weight of the matrix and the dimensions of the patterns allow manual manipulation and use in the method according to the invention of matrices of several square meters.

The decorative patterns made on the plastic sheets can be multiple. These patterns can for example be geometric patterns and / or represent different types of imitation, imitations of wooden board representing the veining and knots of different wood species as well as grooves between each board, imitation patterns of weaving as shown in Figure 4, of bricks, tiles, stones, paving, leaves, earth, etc. Different types of stamping can be carried out from the matrix described above. According to FIG. 5, an inlay matrixing can then be carried out. The stamping takes place almost instantaneously when the coating is no longer sticky to the fingers. When the plaster layer has been deposited, it is necessary to wait a determined time, called freezing, before applying the matrix. This freezing time is between 10 and 60 minutes, depending on weather conditions and the compactness of the coating. As soon as the fresh coating is no longer sticky to the fingers, the matrix (3) is applied to the layer of fresh coating (1) which is still malleable, the front face (4) of the matrix comprising the reliefs (8) being oriented towards the plaster layer (1) and pressed thereon. The low weight of the dies makes this operation easy. The operation of pressing the matrix on the coating can be carried out by means of, for example, a brush, a smooth roller, a trowel or a float. Due to the size of the patterns (6), the patterns are incrusted without any difficulty. As soon as the pressing operation is finished, the matrix is removed, the decorative patterns are obtained on the hollow coating on the surface. The relief angles (x) of the reliefs (8) of the matrix and the low coefficient of adhesion of the material of the matrix on the coating avoiding the suction effect, facilitate the removal of the matrix, without alteration of the inlaid pattern. . Depending on the desired decorative appearance, the recessed patterns produced on the coating layer can then, after drying, be completely or partially filled, with a coating of different color, using a trowel for example. This coating of different colors can also be applied directly, after the removal of the matrix, before the drying of the coating layer, by causing it to overlap the coating layer. When the two plasters begin to harden, a scraping of approximately 3 mm of plaster is carried out.

Embossing, or molding, as shown in FIG. 6, can be carried out using a matrix similar to that used previously. The cavities or grooves (9) constituting the recessed pattern (7) of the back side (5) are filled with plaster. This filler (10) may be identical to that deposited on the surface to be decorated or of a different color depending on the desired decorative appearance. The matrix (3) is applied directly to the fresh plaster layer (1), the back side (5) of the matrix being oriented towards the plaster layer (1). The matrix (3) is kept applied to the coated surface for a period of 4 to 5 hours corresponding to the end of the setting of the coating layer (1) and the filling coating (10). The application time is determined according to the atmospheric conditions and after drying, the matrix is removed.

A surface finish similar to that of stone, for example imitating tufa, can be obtained by stamping by inlay using a semi-rigid matrix having reliefs forming irregularities and inlays imitating the appearance of stone. The reliefs for example have heights of 0.1 to 6 millimeters. FIG. 7 represents a view of the surface appearance of such a matrix (15). FIG. 8B represents a schematic perspective view of the matrix and FIG. 8A a cross-sectional view (AA ′), illustrating the irregularities of the surface (16) of the matrix. According to FIGS. 9A, 9B, 9C, and 9D, a layer of plaster is deposited on the surface to be coated (FIG. 9A). When the fresh plaster is no longer sticky to the fingers, the matrix is applied to the plaster layer (fig. 9B). A pressing operation of the matrix (15) on the coating layer, using a smooth roller (17) or a float for example, is then carried out (fig. 9C). The matrix can be removed as soon as the pressing operation is completed (fig. 9D). The matrix may include a rim allowing it to be grasped and to facilitate its handling during stamping.

With reference to FIGS. 10A to 10E, the step (FIG. 10a) of depositing the coating layer is followed by a step (FIG. 10b) of spraying aggregates (18). This spraying operation is carried out on the fresh plaster layer, immediately after its application. It can be done manually or mechanically using a spraying machine (19). The projected aggregates, of variable granulometry, can be of organic or mineral nature, such as silica, limestone, marble, microfiber, plastic for example. As soon as the layer of fresh plaster is no longer sticky to the fingers, a semi-rigid matrix (15), similar to that described above with reference to FIG. 8A, having reliefs of 0.1 to 6 millimeters, forming irregularities imitating the appearance of the stone, can be applied to the layer (2) of fresh plaster. The matrix is then pressed (Figure 10D), for example using a roller (17), and is removed (Figure 10D) as soon as the pressing operation is completed. The application of the matrix on the plaster allows to embed the aggregates in the plaster by pushing towards the aggregates, the plaster from the edge of the hole caused by the projection of the aggregate, without covering it, as a crimping. The use of the matrix according to the invention makes it possible to obtain perfectly visible aggregates. Thanks to the reliefs present on the surface of the matrix, the stamping according to the invention makes it possible to prevent the aggregates from being embedded in the coating, unlike the technique used in the prior art. The existing technique consisted of driving in the aggregates using a trowel. When removing the trowel, the plaster sticks to the trowel by suction effect, and coats aggregates. The use of the method according to the invention eliminates this suction cup effect.

Another type of matrix can be used to obtain a surface finish similar to that of stone. The matrix applied to the coated surface preferably consists of a flexible plastic sheet. The reliefs consist of aggregates of different particle sizes bonded to one of the faces of the sheet. The aggregates can consist of silica, limestone, expanded polystyrene beads, plastic, etc. The aggregates are bonded so as to form a granular surface comprising irregularities and encrustations. As soon as the coating is no longer sticky to the fingers, the matrix is applied, using a brush for example, to the fresh coating. The matrix is then removed. The sheet of plastic can be packaged as a roll. The matrix is unrolled and applied directly to the coated surface, for example from top to bottom. The sheet is cut according to the length of the required die. Several patterned leaf leaves can be placed side by side. When the patterns have symmetry, positioning marks are provided on the back of the sheet. A matrix consisting of a rigid or semi-rigid plastic sheet can also be used.

Advantageously, the dies consisting of rigid or semi-rigid sheets, as described above, are pierced with small diameter perforations in order to let out the air comprised between the coating and the matrix at the time of application thereof. .

The dies can also be made of a transparent material. The transparency of the matrix makes it possible to visually check the quality of the pressing before the withdrawal of the matrix. In the case of embossing, the transparency of the matrix makes it possible to check whether the filling coating has hardened enough to allow the removal of the matrix.

Transparency can also be used during the application of the matrix to visualize positioning marks previously made on the coating layer. These markers can be formed by small indentations formed by the operator which disappear during the operation of pressing the die. In the event that a scraping operation is planned after stamping, the markers may consist of colored lines which will be removed during scraping.

According to another embodiment, the matrix can consist of a roller with relief. According to FIG. 11, the desired patterns (12) are then produced in relief on the surface (13) of the roller (11) held by a handle by the user. The reliefs constituting the patterns have a maximum depth of 8 millimeters, a width of between 3 and 15 millimeters, and draft angles greater than 5 °. The roller is applied to the coating layer (1) by interposing a plastic film (14), polyane type, in order to avoid adhesion of the coating on the roller to create the patterns by inlaying on the coated surface. Such a roller can be made of molded plastic. The polyane film (14) of a few tenths of a millimeter can be pierced in order to extract the air between the coating layer (1) and the film (14). The film is then removed for 5 to 30 minutes depending on the weather conditions. Likewise, a parallelepiped plate, having the patterns in relief on one of its main faces, can be used to replace the roller described above. The dimensions of the plate are adapted to be able to produce the patterns by inlaying on the coated surface while holding the plate with both hands. The plate can be made of molded plastic. These two types of matrices are particularly intended for non-professional uses.

Positioning marks can be made on the dies in order to properly position the dies, with respect to one another when the patterns are produced.

The material used to make the coating must be smooth and sticky to allow it to pass through a spraying machine and must remain soft for a while to allow stamping. In addition, it must have good cohesion to remain cohesive when removing the matrix.

To obtain this result, the material used is formed from rolled siliceous aggregates and a binder consisting of a mixture of air lime and cement. Optimizing the overall particle size of the coating prevents particles smaller than 80 microns from rising to the surface and giving the surface a shiny appearance. The use of rolled siliceous aggregates prevents the material from taking up water after drying. The material also includes a mass water repellant or waterproofing agent. A water-retaining adjuvant is added to the mixture to allow passage through the machine and give workability (ease of implementation) to the coating. The material used also includes a light, fine and spherical mineral filler. This spherical mineral filler promotes vapor transfer, reduces tackiness and gives flexibility for application. Its density is between 0.1 and 0.3. The material also includes an air entrainer, intended to lubricate and facilitate the passage of the material in the spraying machine, while improving its resistance to frost. This air entrainer is, for example, a surfactant.

The material finally comprises a determined quantity of mica. The size of the mica particles is less than two millimeters. The mica is intended to reduce stickiness and increase the luminosity of the plaster once applied. The material can also include organic or mineral pigments.

An example of a coating formula is given below

Raw materials Forks

% 0

CPA CEM I 52.5 90 - 150

Air lime 10 - 50

Fine limestone charges <80 μ 80 - 200

Silica sand 80 - 3000 μ 400 - 800

Mica 5 - 50

Diatom 5 - 50

Cellulose ether 0.2 - 2

Mass water repellent 0.5 -0 4

Surfactant 0.05 - 0.5

Biocide 0.5 - 5

Additives can also be added according to the specific needs of users (accelerators, retarders).

Thus, the material according to the invention can be molded for about an hour up to two hours after its application. This time depends on the climatic conditions. In addition, the material according to the invention has a good thickness resistance to prevent creep or bead formation at, for example, the joints between the breeze blocks.

The method according to the invention has many advantages over the prior art. It allows to quickly obtain a clean and regular surface with decorative patterns using little material. The dies are simple to make and are reusable. The process does not require any recovery, the realization of the patterns is carried out quickly on the fresh plaster after the installation of the plaster layer. It is easy and quick to implement, thanks to the lightness of the dies. In the case of inlay forging, it is not necessary to work with more than one matrix, the matrix being removed immediately after pressing. In the case of embossed stamping, an operator can apply the dies to a coated surface area while another operator coats another area. When the stamping of an area is finished, the matrix can be reused for another surface area that has just been coated. Few dies are required to make a large area of decorative patterned plaster. Inlay stamping can also be carried out directly on the fresh plaster layer, the matrix then being held in position on the plaster layer. Of course, different matrix sizes are possible. The patterns can be made on an entire surface or on a part only to form a frieze for example. Several dies with different patterns can be used in combination for the same surface.

The use of the method according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a velvety coating surface. The appearance of the surface obtained is less porous than that of the prior art obtained by scraping, which reduces fouling, soiling and facilitates cleaning. This also reduces dust after the plaster has dried and therefore allows interior uses. Other modifications within the reach of the skilled person are also part of the spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. Method for producing a coating with decorative patterns, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: - a first step of depositing a layer of coating (1) on the surface (2) to be coated,

- A second almost instantaneous stamping step of the patterns on the fresh plaster layer (1) still malleable.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the reliefs constituting the decorative patterns have a maximum depth of the order of 8 millimeters and a width of between 3 and 20 millimeters and have draft angles of the order of 5 ° minimum.

3. Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the patterning of patterns is carried out after a determined drying time of the coating layer, which is a function of the climatic conditions and the compactness of the coating, so that the coating is no longer sticky to the fingers, the matrix being removed immediately after its application.

4. Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the patterning of patterns is carried out on the layer of fresh plaster directly after its application, the matrix being kept applied for a determined time according to the climatic conditions and the compactness of the plaster before being removed.

5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the stamping step is carried out by application of a semi-rigid sheet (3) comprising the raised patterns and having a thickness of 5/10 to 2 millimeters for a weight per square meter of 100 to 600 g / m ²

6. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the stamping step is carried out by application of a semi-rigid sheet (3), having the patterns in relief (6) on one of its faces (4) and the recessed patterns (7) on the other face (5).

7. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the stamping step is carried out by inlaying recessed patterns on the coating layer, the face (4) of the sheet (1) having the patterns in relief (6 ) being applied and then removed.

8. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the step of depositing the coating layer is followed by a step of projecting gravel, the stamping step making it possible to embed the gravel in the coating.

9. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the stamping step is carried out by application of a flexible plastic sheet of 1 to 5 tenths of a millimeter thick on which is moved a roller having on its surface the patterns in relief.

10. Method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the stamping step is carried out by application of a flexible plastic sheet of 1 to 5 tenths of a millimeter thick on which is applied a parallelepiped plate having on its surface the patterns in relief, the sheet being applied to then be removed.

11. Method according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it comprises a step of filling the hollows of the patterns embedded in the coating layer (1) with a filler coating of color different from that of the stamped coating layer.

12. Method according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the stamping step is carried out by application of a flexible or semi-rigid sheet, aggregates of different particle sizes being bonded to one of the faces of the matrix , so as to form a grainy surface having recesses, imitating the appearance of the stone, the face of the sheet having the aggregates being applied against the coating.

13. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the stamping carried out is a stamping in relief by addition of coating, the patterns are produced in relief on the coating layer (1), the face (5) of the sheet (3) having the recessed patterns (7), previously filled with plaster (9), being applied to the layer of fresh plaster for 4 to 5 hours and then being removed from the mold.

14. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the applied coating layer (1) has a thickness of 4 to 5 millimeters.

15. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dies include positioning marks and are made of material having a low coefficient of adhesion with the coating.

16. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the matrices are transparent and made of a material having a low coefficient of adhesion with the coating.

17. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the semi-rigid sheet matrices are pierced in order to allow the evacuation of the air trapped between the matrix and the coating layer at the time of manual pressing of the sheet on the coating layer.

18. Matrix allowing the implementation of the method according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the decorative patterns of the matrix used have a maximum depth of the order of 8 millimeters, a width of between 3 and 20 millimeters and have draft angles of around 5 ° minimum.

19. Matrix according to claim 18 characterized in that it consists of a semi-rigid sheet having a thickness between 5/10 and 2 millimeters for a weight per square meter between 100 and 600g.

20. Matrix according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that it comprises patterns in relief on one of its faces and complementary hollow patterns on the other face.

21. Matrix one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that the matrix is made of a material having a low coefficient of adhesion with the coating, in the group consisting of plasticized cardboard, a film or sheet of polystyrene, polyurethane, polyane, polyethylene.

22. Matrix according to one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that the matrix consists of a roller (11) having on its surface (13) the raised patterns (12) and a flexible plastic sheet on which the roller is moved.

23. Matrix according to one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that the matrix consists of a parallelepiped plate having on its surface the raised patterns and a flexible plastic sheet on which the plate is applied.

24. Matrix according to one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that the matrix is a flexible plastic sheet, aggregates of different particle sizes being bonded to one of the faces of the matrix, so as to form a grainy surface comprising recesses , imitating the look of stone.

25. Matrix according to one of claims 18 to 21, 23 or 24, characterized in that the matrix comprises positioning marks.

26. Matrix according to one of claims 19 to 21, and 23 to 25, characterized in that the sheet or sheets constituting the matrix are transparent.

27. Matrix according to one of claims 19 to 26, characterized in that the sheet or sheets constituting the matrix are pierced with small perforations in order to allow the evacuation of the air trapped between the matrix and the coating layer at the when the matrix is pressed on the coating layer.

28. Mineral coating allowing the implementation of the method according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that it comprises aggregates, air lime, cement, mica, fine fillers, a light mineral filler and specific additives providing functions water repellency, water retention, coloring, protection and air entrainment.

29. Mineral coating according to claim 28, characterized in that the fine fillers are of limestone nature and have a particle size of less than 80 microns.

30. A mineral coating according to claim 28 or 29, characterized in that the water retentive is a cellulose ether.

31. Mineral coating according to one of claims 28 to 30, characterized in that the cement is white of the CPA-CEM I 52.5 type.

32. Mineral coating according to one of claims 28 to 31, characterized in that the aggregates are rolled silica sands whose particle size ranges between 80 and 3000 microns.

33. Mineral coating according to one of claims 28 to 32, characterized in that the air entrainer is a surfactant.

34. Mineral coating according to one of claims 28 to 33, characterized in that the mica particles have dimensions less than two millimeters.

35. Mineral coating according to one of claims 28 to 34, characterized in that the light filler consists of diatoms with a density between 0.1 and 0.3.

36. Mineral coating according to one of claims 28 to 35, characterized in that the protective agent is a biocide.

37. Mineral coating according to one of claims 28 to 36, characterized in that it comprises a mineral or organic dye.

38. Mineral coating according to one of claims 28 to 37, characterized in that the waterproofing aid is a mass water repellent.