FR2824087A1 - Method for making ground covering with aspect of seasoned paving comprises covering surface with layer of cement, sand, latex and water mixture, applying transparent plastic film on top of layer which is removed before mixture has set - Google Patents

Abstract

The method comprises delimiting the surface of the ground (5) to be covered and moistening it. The surface is then covered with a uniform layer (C) of a mixture of cement, sand, latex and water. A transparent plastic film (3) is then applied on top of the layer so that it prevents the escape to atmosphere of gas bubbles resulting from the chemical reaction of the mixture constituents. The film is removed from the layer before the mixture has finished setting. An Independent claim is included for a matrix for implementing the method.

Description

slip (anti-friction).

  The present invention relates to a method for producing a

  flooring with the appearance of an aged paving.

  It also relates to a matrix for its implementation.

  In a preferred embodiment, this method makes it possible to obtain

  It's a covering that looks like paving.

  I st st l at ivem ent co u rant to pro ce to s work of v o iri e s aiming at the installation on the ground of paving stones, even in areas which did not previously. For example, these pavers are used to mark out a pedestrian crossing, to cover the surface of a roundabout island, etc. In most cases' the performance of these works requires the removal of the asphalt already in place on the ground, in the area where must be laid

pavers.

  We then proceed with the installation of a concrete slab intended to

  constitute the support base for the pavers.

  These are placed on a layer of mortar, which is applied

  on the slab. The joints separating the pavers are also filled with mortar.

  On the aesthetic level, such a process has largely proven itself.

  However, the work to be carried out is tedious and requires

  a lot of labor. In addition, their cost price is high.

  In addition, the materials in place (asphalt, foundation material, concrete slab, pavers, mortar) have different properties, particularly in terms of expansion characteristics. In addition, it is very difficult to ensure the

  sustainability of their mutual bond.

  The infiltration of water in the joints and at the place of the various connections of the materials used, the repeated passage of the vehicles which causes pressures and vibrations, the cycles of freezing and thawing make that

  important degradations can appear.

  We can then see that the pavers are sagging, the joints are slamming, the connection with the mix is falling apart, the concrete slab is cracking and the materials of

foundation are destabilizing.

  We then understand that it is necessary to carry out new work, the implementation of which is as important as that of the original work,

  to obtain a paving of correct appearance and behavior.

  The present invention aims to provide a solution to these problems.

  More specifically, it aims to propose a process which makes it possible to dispense with practically all the works listed above, by working directly on the soil already in place, particularly when it is a question of asphalt mix. It also aims to propose a process which can be suitable both outside and inside to constitute in this case a

  paving to replace traditional tiling.

  The present invention therefore provides a method of producing a floor covering having the appearance of an aged paving, which comprises the steps which consist in: a) delimiting the surface of the ground to be covered and humidifying it, or vice versa ; b) covering said surface with a uniform layer of a mixture of cement, sand, latex and water; c) apply on top of the layer thus deposited, a film of plastic material, preferably translucent or transparent; d) removing the film from said layer, before said mixture has finished setting. By the term "paving" is meant both a one-piece floor covering, similar to that obtained by pouring a concrete screed, as well as a covering consisting of an assembly of contiguous plates, more or less

large dimensions.

  By the expression "aged paving" is meant that this paving presents

  irregularities on its surface, distributed randomly.

  These definitions are valid for the whole of this

  request, including claims.

  When the soil on which the layer is applied is a road mix, there is no longer any problem of water infiltration, this can only flow on the surface of the paving and the mix. Similarly, we no longer find ourselves confronted with

  problems of segregation and degradation of the materials used.

  The layer thus deposited constitutes a unitary unit which is strongly bound to the ground and which exhibits very high qualities of impact resistance.

  and vibrations, even in the case of repeated passage of heavy vehicles.

  As will be detailed later in the description, the

  constituents of the cement react chemically with the latex to cause gas evolution on the surface of the layer. Because this layer is coated

  with a plastic film, these clearances remain confined to the surface of the layer.

  After removal of the film, this results in the presence of bubbles and blisters on

  the coating which contributes to giving it an aged appearance.

  Furthermore, according to other advantageous but non-limiting characteristics of this process: - step a) of delimiting the surface consists in placing on the ground a frame or a formwork; - In step b), slide a rule on the upper face of said frame or formwork to standardize the thickness of said layer; in step b), said mixture comprises, per 100 parts by dry weight of cement: approximately 133 to approximately 137 parts by dry weight of sand, and preferably about 135; 15. about 14 to about 16 parts by dry weight of latex, and preferably about 15; about and at most 25 parts of water; - In step c), a thin and deformable film is used, preferably a polyethylene film; - Said film has a thickness less than or equal to 30 thousandths of a millimeter. In a preferred embodiment, between steps c) and d), a matrix is pressed strongly against the surface of said film, so as to form on the surface of the layer and, preferably at least over part of its thickness, of the

  footprints similar to the contours of paving stones and paving slabs.

  The plastic film then has a second function here. It prevents, when the matrix is pressed in order to form imprints, that it does not stick to the surface of the layer and does not remove part of the mixture, during its removal. This technique of delimiting pavers or slabs is also suitable

  both for interior and exterior cladding.

  According to other characteristics of the process: step d) is implemented immediately after having made said imprints; - Said mixture also comprises adjuvants, in particular dyes and materials capable of improving the adhesion of said layer; - After said mixture has finished setting, at least one surface treatment of said layer is carried out, this treatment being chosen in particular from the following group: sanding, waxing, application of a resin, hammering; - the soil moistening step is replaced by a step of depositing a bonding layer. The invention also relates to a matrix for processing.

of this process.

  Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent on

  reading of the detailed description which follows of a preferred embodiment.

  This description will be made in reference to the appended drawings in which:

  - Figure 1 is a perspective diagram intended to illustrate the first step of the method, consisting in delimiting the surface of the ground to be covered, Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating the implementation of the second step of the method; - Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating the implementation of the third step of the method; - Figure 4 is a perspective view of a tool forming a matrix, used to make impressions on the surface of the layer; - Figure 5 is a view similar to the diagram of Figure 3, illustrating the implementation of the imprint; - Figure 6 is a partial sectional view of the layer applied to the ground and the tool of Figure 4; - Figures 7 and 8 are diagrams of imprints suitable for being made with another type of tool; - Figure 9 is a view of the pavement thus produced, still covered with a plastic film and delimited by a frame; - Figure 10 is a view of the paving after the components of the

thin layer have finished their setting.

  The embodiment described below, in reference to the appended drawings, relates to the production of a coating placed on an asphalt

  road, and having the appearance of a set of pavers of non-uniform shape and appearance.

  Such paving is for example intended to constitute a pedestrian crossing.

  Reference will now be made to FIG. 1 as regards the first step of the method of the invention. This consists in delimiting the surface of the

  soil to cover and moisten it.

  Soil S here consists of a bituminous-based asphalt, of the type of

  those commonly used for road surfaces.

  It is preferable to have a good cleaning of this soil S. either by brushing or by a jet of water under pressure, to rid it of any dust and any pollutant. When the cleaning has been carried out by brushing, the soil S is then moistened logically. This is understood to mean that water is spread over the ground, so as to

  leave traces of moisture but, in no case, puddles.

  We then proceed to delimit the surface A to be covered. In

  the example here, this delimitation consists in placing a frame 1 on the ground.

  This consists of four bars 10 and 11, simply placed on the ground. The two bars 10 define the transverse edges of the surface, while the bars 11 delimit the longitudinal edges. The surface therefore constitutes a rectangle. Well

  of course, any other geometric shape is possible.

  We can naturally reverse the humidification and delimitation steps. In the hypothesis where the soil is very degraded, the humidification step can be replaced by an operation of depositing a bonding layer, by

  example based on bitumen and / or latex.

  Whether the method of the invention is implemented outdoors or indoors, the delimitation of the surface can be done by itself by elements already in place of the location. So when it comes to tiling in a room, the boundary is naturally made by the walls that frame the room. Bars 10 and 11 used here have for example a few millimeters

  thick (especially four or five) and preferably the same thickness.

  In a particular embodiment not shown, the bars and 11 can be joined to each other to form a formwork

in one piece.

  The second step b) in the process consists in covering said surface

  Has a uniform layer of a mixture of cement, sand, latex and water.

  The cement used is a cement of type CPJ-CEM II / B 32.5 R

  co merci alized by LAFARGE.

  The sand is fine, clean and dry. Its particle size is for example

less than or equal to 2 mm.

  The latex is used dry or in the form of a dispersion in water.

  The one sold under the reference OXILATEX 2 by the company PIERI is perfectly suitable. The mixture used advantageously comprises the following proportions, per 100 parts by dry weight of cement: - approximately 133 to approximately 137 parts of sand, and preferably approximately; - About 14 to 16 parts of latex, and preferably about 15;

  - approximately and at most 25 parts of water.

  Sanf, of course for water, the proportions given above are

dry weight data.

  In order to carry out the mixing, the various constituents can be combined at the last moment. However, the sand and the cement can already be premixed and packaged in bags, while the latex and the water are pre-stored.

in cans.

  The mixture may optionally contain other adjuvants. By way of nonlimiting, mention may be made of coloring materials (yellow, red, blue, black, etc.), synthetic fibers capable of improving the bonding of the various constituents and the cohesion of the mixture, pozzolans capable of limiting chemical reactions to cement breast, silica fumes, etc. In order to carry out the mixing, the various constituents are for example poured into a mixer with vertical axis and at low speed of rotation up to

obtaining a uniform paste.

  In the next step of the process, the surface A is covered with a

layer C of said mixture.

  The dough is for example spread with a trowel. Insofar as the bars 10 and 11 have the same thickness, it is then possible to apply to their upper face 110, a rule 2 which is moved longitudinally in the direction of the

arrow a.

  A uniform layer C is then obtained consisting of said mixture.

  In the next step of the process, a plastic film is applied to the top of layer C. This is referenced 3 in Figure 3. It is for example a polyethylene film. Preferably, we float this film (arrows f) so that it sticks perfectly to layer C. As explained above, the constituents of cement and latex, in the presence of moisture, react chemically by causing releases gaseous which rise to the surface of the layer. The presence of the film on the surface

  prevents the gas bubbles thus formed from escaping into the open air.

  When you want to obtain a paving in one piece, you

  before the mixture has finished setting, the film 3 is then removed.

  The gas bubbles previously generated can then escape. However, because they have remained confined to the surface of the layer, they mark the top of the latter by forming surface hollows more or less

  regular, which gives the paving an aged appearance.

  The film 3 is preferably, as explained below, transparent or translucent. It must be neither too thin to be able to be pierced, nor too rigid to be able to be locally deformed. A film with a thickness less than or equal to 30

  thousandths of a millimeter is perfect.

  When the covering is intended to have the appearance of a set of paving stones or paving plates, the process continues to be carried out

way explained below.

  After having applied the film 3 to the layer C, a matrix is strongly pressed on the surface of the film, so as to form on its surface and, preferably at least over part of its thickness, imprints similar to the contours of

pavers or paving slabs.

  An example of such a matrix is shown in FIG. 4. This matrix 4 consists of a rectangular frame 40, for example metallic, consisting of an assembly of transverse 41 and longitudinal 42 rods arranged on edge. The rods 41 are connected to each other by a handle 43 associated with two connecting branches 44 which constitute a bridge above the frame 40. The outline of the latter corresponds for example to that of a format block standard. The implementation of this step is illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6. By successively applying the matrix 4 on the layer C step by step, neighboring elements 5 are formed on the surface of the coating.

similar to that of cobblestones.

  By pressing on the matrix, grooves 6 are formed which separate the "false blocks" two by two 5. Of course, the depth of these grooves depends on the degree of depression of the matrix. It is possible to push it in until it comes into abutment against the ground S. The grooves thus formed are visible through the transparent film

or translucent.

  During this operation, the function of the film 3 is to prevent the frame of the matrix from sticking to the layer C by removing, during its removal, a fraction of it. Of course, to make the imprints on the surface of the layer, one can use any other tool than that of FIG. 4. Thus, one can use a matrix 4 ′ (FIG. 7) able to delimit at the same time three "false paving stones" P1, P2, P3. Figure 8 shows the contours of a

  another matrix 4 "capable of delimiting at the same time six" false paving stones "P to P6.

  In another embodiment, it is possible to use a matrix capable of forming imprints of various dimensions, for example with circular outline, in diamond shape, etc. The film 3 is then removed (arrow g, FIG. 9) immediately after having completed the production of the impressions. This removal operation

  authorizes the release of gas emissions.

  The removal can be postponed to avoid that the hardening of the layer is affected by the external environment (rain, strong sunshine, strong wind '...). In any case, it takes place at the latest before the layer has finished

his prlse.

  When the layer C has completed its setting, it is then possible to remove the frame 1. The network R of "false paving stones" 5 thus obtained has surface irregularities 50 and 51. Those referenced 51 are due to the abovementioned gas emissions. They are distributed randomly. The irregularities 50 are for example due to the fact that prior to the removal of the film 3, a pad (not shown) was firmly applied to the surface thereof, so as to mark the surface of the layer C with imprints of shapes complementary to those he

present on its surface.

  About twelve hours after removal of the film 3, one can walk on the network R. After 24 hours, a light vehicle can move there without causing

  no damage. Finally, after 48 hours, any type of vehicle can run on it.

  This network presents perfect coherence and perfect behavior in

  the weather, whatever the weather variations.

  When this technique is used for an interior coating, it is possible to carry out one or more treatment (s) of the surface of the network R. It can be, for example, sanding, waxing, application of a resin, a hammering treatment, etc.

RESELL I C ATI ON S

  1. Method for producing a floor covering having the appearance of a vi ei lli paving, characterized in that it comprises the following steps which consist in: a) delimiting the surface of the floor (S ) to cover and moisten it, or vice versa; b) covering said surface (s) with a uniform layer (C) of a mixture of cement, sand, latex and water; c) applying on top of the layer (C) thus deposited, a film (3) of plastic material, preferably translucent or transparent; d) removing the film (3) from said layer (C), before said mixture

finished his catch.

  2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that step a) of delimiting the surface consists in placing on the ground a frame (1) or a formwork. 3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that in step b), one slides a rule (2) on the upper face of said frame or formwork

  to standardize the thickness of said layer (C).

  4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by the

  in step b), said mixture comprises, per 100 parts by dry weight of cement: - approximately 133 to approximately 137 parts by dry weight of sand, and preferably approximately 135; - About 14 to about 16 parts by dry weight of latex, and preferably about 15;

  - approximately and at most 25 parts of water.

  5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by the

  fact that in step c), a thin and deformable film (3) is used, preferably a polyethylene film. 6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that said

  film (3) has a thickness less than or equal to 30 thousandths of a millimeter.

  7. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by the

  so that between steps c) and d), a matrix (4, 4 ′, 4 ") is strongly supported on the surface of said film (3), so as to form on the surface of layer (C) and , preferably at least over part of its thickness, similar imprints (5)

  with the contours of paving stones and paving slabs.

  S. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that one

  implements step d) immediately after having made said imprints (5).

  9. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by the

  the fact that said mixture also comprises adjuvants, in particular dyes

  and materials capable of improving the adhesion of said layer.

  10. Method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by the

  fact that after said mixture has finished setting, at least one surface treatment of said layer (C) is carried out, this treatment being chosen in particular from the

  following group: sanding, waxing, applying a resin, hammering.

  11. Method according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by the

  fact that the soil humidifi cati on step is replaced by a step of depositing a

bonding layer.

  1S 12. Machine for implementing the method according to one of the

  Claims 7 to 11, characterized in that it comprises a frame (40) '