FR3064209A1 - COATING ADAPTED TO BE APPLIED ON A FLOOR - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a coating (1) adapted to be applied to a floor (2) comprising: - a first layer (4) comprising nonwoven fibers (5), the first layer being intended to be located on the ground side ( 2) and substantially parallel to the ground (2), - a second layer (6) of binder, and - a third layer (8) comprising gravel (10, 12), the second layer (6) being sandwiched between the first layer (4) and the third layer (8) and at least partially impregnating the first layer (4) and the third layer (8).

Description

064 209

52329 ® FRENCH REPUBLIC

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY © Publication number:

(to be used only for reproduction orders)

©) National registration number

COURBEVOIE © Int Cl ⁸ : B 32 B 7/10 (2017.01), B 32 B 7/04, 5/06, 37/12, 37/24, E 01 C 7/08, 15/00

A1 PATENT APPLICATION

©) Date of filing: 21.03.17. ©) Priority: ©) Applicant (s): CKOM Simplified joint stock company - FR. @ Inventor (s): LUCHE JEAN-FRANCOIS, CLAUDE. ©) Date of public availability of the request: 28.09.18 Bulletin 18/39. ©) List of documents cited in the preliminary search report: See the end of this booklet (© References to other related national documents: ©) Holder (s): CKOM Simplified joint-stock company. ©) Extension request (s): ©) Agent (s): LAVOIX.

FR 3 064 209 - A1

COATING SUITABLE FOR APPLICATION ON A FLOOR

The invention relates to a coating (1) adapted to be applied to a floor (2) comprising:

a first layer (4) comprising non-woven fibers (5), the first layer being intended to be situated on the ground side (2) and substantially parallel to the ground (2),

- a second layer (6) of binder, and

- a third layer (8) comprising gravel (10, 12), the second layer (6) being sandwiched between the first layer (4) and the third layer (8) and at least partially permeating the first layer (4 ) and the third layer (8).

Coating adapted to be applied on a floor

The present invention relates to a covering for exterior floors. The invention also relates to a method of laying such a covering outdoors on stabilized ground.

Methods of coating and decorating outdoor floors are known, in particular for making a courtyard, a driveway or a gravel terrace.

A first method consists in depositing a geotextile on the ground, then depositing gravel on the geotextile to form a coating. This process is simple to implement. However, regular use causes the gravel to move. The gravel must be regularly raked to be replaced on the geotextile. In addition, the thickness of gravel necessary can generate the germination of the seeds and makes walking on these gravel delicate.

A second method consists in mixing a resin with gravel to form a flat coating devoid of relief. The installation of such a resin requires beforehand the realization of a hard foundation of the concrete slab type and requires the skills of a professional. Aesthetically, the gravel is embedded in the resin and is therefore no longer visible. This process is, moreover, very expensive.

A third method consists in spraying tar on the ground and then depositing the gravel to form a coating. This process also requires the creation of a hard foundation and the intervention of a professional. This process is not very environmentally friendly and degrades in the event of high heat.

A fourth process, similar to the second process, consists in using deactivated concrete in place of the resin, then performing a high pressure washing to bring out the gravel on the surface. This process is technical, long to implement and its cost is high.

An object of the invention is to reduce all or part of the above drawbacks, that is to say in particular to provide a coating which is simpler to apply and whose cost is competitive.

To this end, the invention relates to a coating suitable for being applied to a floor comprising a first layer comprising nonwoven fibers, the first layer being intended to be situated on the ground side and substantially parallel to the ground, a second layer of binder , and a third layer comprising gravel, the second layer being sandwiched between the first layer and the third layer and at least partially impregnating the first layer and the third layer.

According to particular embodiments, the coating comprises one or more of the following characteristics, taken alone or in any technically possible combination:

- the nonwoven fibers are needled;

- The fibers are made of a synthetic material chosen from polyester, polypropylene and polyamide, or are mineral fibers, for example glass fibers;

the fibers are natural fibers chosen from flax, hemp, kenaf, coconut and jute;

the binder is chosen from a leveling compound, an adhesive suitable for sticking tiles and a resin; the binder is suitable for use outdoors; the gravel has a spheroidal or ellipsoidal shape;

- at least 75% by weight of the gravel belongs to a nominal particle size class of +/- 30% determined by sieving between 1 mm and 30 mm

The subject of the invention is also a method of laying an exterior coating on a stabilized ground, the method comprising laying a first layer comprising nonwoven fibers on the stabilized ground, laying a second layer of binder on the first layer, and the laying of a third layer comprising gravel on the second layer, the second layer being sandwiched between the first layer and the third layer and at least partially permeating the first layer and the third layer.

According to a particular embodiment, the method further comprises, after the step of laying the third layer, a step of tamping the gravel by applying a tamping tool on the third layer.

The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example and made with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

- Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view along a transverse vertical plane of a coating according to the invention, and

- Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view along a transverse vertical plane of a coating according to a particular embodiment.

With reference to FIG. 1, a coating 1 according to the invention is described, adapted to be applied to a floor 2.

In the context of the present invention, the ground 2 is preferably substantially planar. There is shown in Figure 1 a horizontal direction H substantially parallel to the ground 2 and a vertical direction V. For the following, the dimension of an object in the vertical direction V is called thickness.

The covering 1 comprises a first layer 4 comprising nonwoven fibers 5, a second layer 6 of binder and a third layer 8 comprising gravel 10, 12.

The first layer 4 serves as a support for the other layers 6, 8. The first layer 4 is advantageously in direct contact with the ground 2.

The first layer 4 is substantially flat and has a substantially constant thickness E1.

Preferably, the first layer 4 has a thickness E1 of between 1 mm and 3 mm.

The expression "understood" should be understood in the broad sense. Thus, a quantity A is between a first value A1 and a second value A2 when, on the one hand, the quantity A is greater than or equal to the first value A1 and, on the other hand, the quantity A is less than or equal to the second value A2.

The first layer 4 has a surface mass, for example of between 100 grams / m ² and 400 grams / m ² .

The nonwoven fibers 5 of the first layer 4 are advantageously needled.

The nonwoven fibers 5 are made of a synthetic material chosen from polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene or polyamide.

Preferably, the nonwoven fibers 5 are made of polyester or polypropylene.

According to a variant, the fibers 5 are mineral fibers. As mineral fibers, mention may be made of glass fibers.

According to a variant not shown, the fibers 5 are natural fibers. As natural fibers, mention may be made of flax, hemp, kenaf, coconut, jute.

According to a particular embodiment, the first layer 4 comprises synthetic fibers and / or mineral or natural fibers.

The mass ratio between the two types of fibers is typically from 90/10 to 10/90, preferably from 80/20 to 20/80, preferably from 70/30 to

30/70, for example from 60/40 to 40/60.

Such a layer can be produced by carding-needling or by any other manufacturing means such as topping, wadding, knitting and weaving.

The second layer 6 is sandwiched between the first layer 4 and the third layer 8.

The binder of the second layer 6 ensures cohesion between the first layer 4 and the third layer 8.

Preferably, the binder is suitable for use outdoors.

The binder is preferably a leveling compound compatible for outdoor use.

The leveling compound is typically made of cement, silica sand and specific additives.

According to a variant not shown, the binder is an adhesive suitable for sticking tiles compatible with outdoor use.

The adhesive suitable for sticking tiles is typically made of cement, resin, silica sand and specific additives.

According to another variant not shown, the binder is a resin.

The resin typically includes acrylic and butadiene.

At the time of application of the second layer 6 of binder on the first layer 4, this second layer 6 has for example a thickness E2 of between 2 millimeters and 15 millimeters.

This thickness may vary after the application of the third layer 8 on the second layer 6 by mechanical action of the third layer 8 on the second layer 6 and / or by impregnation of the second layer 6 in the first layer 4.

Thus, according to a particular embodiment with reference to FIG. 2, the second layer 6 at least partially permeates the first layer 4. It is thus understood that the second layer 6 and the first layer 4 interpenetrate.

According to a particular embodiment, the third layer 8 at least partially permeates the second layer 6.

The role of the third layer 8 is in particular to decorate the floor 2 on which the covering 1 is placed.

The third layer 8 has for example a free surface substantially parallel to the horizontal direction H.

Advantageously, the free surface of the third layer 8 is not flat. Thus, the gravel 10 brings relief to the covering 1.

The third layer 8 has for example a thickness E3 of between and 3 mm and 30 mm.

The chippings 10, 12 are advantageously chippings of rolled or crushed quartz, aggregates of silica, of limestone (in particular of marble), beads or shards of glass, or balls of clay, crushed or not.

Preferably, the gravel 10, 12 has a spheroidal or ellipsoidal shape.

In a variant not shown, the gravel has a different shape.

Depending on the expected relief, at least 75% by weight of the gravel belongs to a particle size class between 1 millimeter and 3 millimeter, between 5 millimeters and 10 millimeters, between 15 millimeters and 20 millimeters, or between 25 millimeters and 30 millimeters.

The particle size class of the gravel is, for example, determined by sieving the gravel. A sieving is typically carried out using a device comprising sieves, a vibrator, a cover, bins and brushes. For example, one procedure is as follows:

- weigh 500 grams of a sample to be tested, form a column of six sieves 400 mm in diameter on the vibrator, of different mesh sizes chosen according to the product to be obtained,

- place the sample in the upper sieve of the column,

- put the cover on the device and operate the vibrator for 5 minutes at a frequency of 15 Hz,

- recover the material in the bins and clean each side of the sieves using brushes, and incorporate the residues in each corresponding particle size class,

- then weigh on the balance the quantities of gravel retained in each sieve and the quantity collected in the bottom.

Thus, by way of example, all of the gravel retained between a sieve with a mesh of 1 mm and a sieve with a mesh of 4 mm is classified in the size class 1-4 mm. The percentage by weight of gravel belonging to a grain size class is then calculated as the ratio between the weight of gravel in the grain size class and the total weight of gravel in the sample.

Advantageously, some gravel 12 has a free surface. It is thus understood that these chippings 12 have a surface which is not in contact with the first layer 4 and which is not embedded in the second layer 6.

According to a particular embodiment, some chippings 10 are completely surrounded by binder and other chippings 12 have a free surface.

Alternatively, some gravel 10 is in contact with the first layer

4.

A method of laying the covering 1 will now be described. The laying process is preferably implemented outdoors on a stabilized floor 2.

The ground 2 advantageously has a minimum inclination of 0.5%. Such an inclination allows the evacuation of rainwater.

If soil 2 is loose soil, soil 2 is previously packed.

The laying of the covering 1 comprises a step of laying the first layer 4 on the floor 2.

Preferably, the first layer 4 is not glued or fixed to the ground 2. The first layer 4 follows the shape of the ground 2, so that the first layer 4 is substantially parallel to the ground 2.

Then, the second layer 6 of binder is applied to the first layer 4 as shown in FIG. 4.

Advantageously, the second layer 6 is smoothed using a tool suitable for smoothing. For example, the suitable tool for smoothing is a broom equipped with a squeegee, a spatula, a notched palette or a leveler in order to obtain a constant thickness.

Then, the third layer 8 is deposited on the second layer 6 as shown in FIG. 5. This step is implemented quickly after the laying of the second layer 6 so that the binder does not dry before the laying of the third layer 8.

The gravel 10, 12 is poured onto the second layer 6, for example, using a shovel, a bucket or a wheelbarrow and distributed uniformly using, for example, an inverted rake.

The gravel 10, 12 is advantageously packed using a tool suitable for packing. The suitable tool for compacting the gravel 10, 12 is, for example, a roller or a board. This step has the effect of ensuring the fixing of the gravel 10,12 in the binder 6 and bringing a regularity to the surface of the coating 1.

Preferably, once dry the excess gravel 10, 12 is removed. For example, a blower or a broom is used to remove the excess gravel 10, 12.

Thanks to the characteristics described above, the installation of the covering 1 is easy and inexpensive, in particular for an individual. Indeed, the installation does not require the skills of a professional and therefore does not generate additional costs.

In addition, the gravel 12 is not embedded in the binder, their aesthetic appearance is thus maintained.

Finally, the fact that the first layer 4 of the coating 1 is deposited on the floor 2 without glue or fixing makes it possible to easily remove the coating 1 if necessary.

Claims (11)

1 Coating (1) adapted to be applied to a floor (2) comprising: a first layer (4) comprising non-woven fibers (5), the first layer being intended to be situated on the ground side (2) and substantially parallel to the ground (2), - a second layer (6) of binder, and - a third layer (8) comprising gravel (10, 12), the second layer (6) being sandwiched between the first layer (4) and the third layer (8) and at least partially permeating the first layer (4 ) and the third layer (8). 2, - coating (1) according to claim 1, wherein the nonwoven fibers (5) are needled. 3. - coating (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fibers (5) are made of a synthetic material selected from polyester, polypropylene and polyamide, or are mineral fibers, for example glass fibers . 4, - coating (1) according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the fibers (5) are natural fibers chosen from linen, hemp, kenaf, coconut and jute. 5. - coating (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the binder is chosen from a leveling, an adhesive suitable for sticking tiles and a resin. 6.- coating (1) according to any one of the claims the binder is suitable for use outdoors. 7, - Coating (1) according to any one of the claims the chippings (10, 12) have a spheroidal or ellipsoidal shape at 5, in which at 6, in which 8.- coating (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein at least 75% by weight of the gravel (10, 12) belongs to a particle size class determined by sieving between 1 millimeter and 3 millimeter, between 5 millimeters and 10 millimeters, between 15 millimeters and 20 millimeters, or between 25 millimeters and 30 millimeters. 9.- Method of laying a covering (1) according to any one of 5 claims 1 to 8 outdoors on stabilized soil (2), the method comprising the following steps: - laying of a first layer (4) comprising non-woven fibers (5) on the stabilized ground (2), - laying of a second layer (6) of binder on the first layer (4), and 10 - laying of a third layer (8) comprising gravel (10, 12) on the second layer (6), the second layer (6) being sandwiched between the first layer (4) and the third layer (8 ) and at least partially permeating the first layer (4) and the third layer (8). 10. The method as claimed in claim 9, further comprising, after the step of laying the third layer (8), a step of packing the gravel (10, 12) by applying a packing tool on the third layer (8). 1/1 CM oo CM - ~ B "- 6 ^