WO1999053787A1 - Chaussure a semelage avec structure deformable - Google Patents
Chaussure a semelage avec structure deformable Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999053787A1 WO1999053787A1 PCT/FR1999/000895 FR9900895W WO9953787A1 WO 1999053787 A1 WO1999053787 A1 WO 1999053787A1 FR 9900895 W FR9900895 W FR 9900895W WO 9953787 A1 WO9953787 A1 WO 9953787A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- nerve layer
- tongue
- frame
- sole assembly
- layer
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
- A43B13/02—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the material
- A43B13/10—Metal
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
- A43B13/02—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the material
- A43B13/12—Soles with several layers of different materials
Definitions
- the invention relates to a shoe comprising a sole made of at least two superposed layers, namely a wear layer and a nerve layer, and relates to a structure of the nerve layer capable of providing a differentiated flexibility between the circumference of the sole and its central area to promote flexion in the direction of travel while ensuring a good edge grip.
- solings which include, in interlayer, a nerve layer which is provided, on the one hand, with transverse reliefs intended to facilitate its flexion in the direction of travel, and on the other hand, a relatively rigid frame delimiting its periphery and allowing the edge grips, that is to say the lateral clamping.
- the nerve layer is made longitudinally flexible by means of recesses which define inside its frame transverse rectilinear transverse struts which are parallel to each other and / or, in part, at "X", in particular in the zone corresponding to the forefoot, that is to say at the level of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the user's foot.
- these spacers are not intended to have a flexing capacity within the framework of the nerve layer.
- the nerve layer allows a very firm edge grip in slopes, but has the drawback of locating the contact surface in the sole-ground interface only on the external edge of the sole and over a very small area.
- the transverse rigidity conferred on the nerve layer by its spacers prevents the sole assembly from deforming in its central zone to match the roughness of the ground, and in particular it prevents it from bending down sufficiently significantly to increase the contact surface in the sole / ground interface, and thus provide the secure and stable support necessary for propulsion.
- the nerve layer of the sole assembly comprises rectilinear transverse spacers as described in Swiss patent n ° 246465, the flexibility of these is also not provided quite the contrary. Indeed, in each spacer, the intermediate part located between the two ends which are integral with the frame of the nerve layer there are provided strips of material which are folded down on the directed side 2 towards the wear surface of the sole assembly to increase the wear resistance of the latter.
- the spacers have, seen in section, an open profile in the shape of an inverted U which makes them almost non-deformable as well as the central area of the sole assembly where they extend.
- this intermediate zone of each spacer is not likely to flex significantly with respect to the frame of the nerve layer, in the transverse direction to the sole.
- the intermediate zone of the spacers can only bend, or more exactly bend, if it has elongation characteristics and this in combination with the flexibility of the frame which must then be able to tighten to allow the movement of approximation of the two ends of each spacer which results from the curvature produced on the latter.
- these sole assemblies are characterized by great ease of longitudinal deformation in the direction of unwinding of the foot due to the fact that the recesses 6 determining the spacers 4 leave only small material bridges 6 'at the ends of the latter.
- these small bridges of material 6 ′ which partly form the frame 2 of the nerve layer 3, constitute practically the only resistant means of the nerve layer 3 capable of opposing the longitudinal bending of the latter (FIG. 2 ), because the spacers are too narrow 7 for 3 be stressed in this direction taking into account the size of the radius of curvature "R" undergone by the sole assembly and the zones of weakness formed by the bridges of material 6 '.
- this sole assembly with a central course in the forefoot area proves to be relatively well adapted to provide, in edge grip, a relatively safe and stable support as well as a good grip, because it is characterized by a great capacity to be able to deform transversely in its central zone, inside the frame of the nerve layer.
- the present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks by proposing a sole assembly with differentiated flexibility between its periphery and its central zone capable of offering an optimum compromise between, on the one hand, longitudinal flexibility in the direction of travel, and d 'on the other hand, the ability to deform transversely in the central area to make walking easy while ensuring good attenuation of the roughness of the ground.
- the invention also aims to provide a secure and stable support necessary for propulsion during the unrolling of the foot by significantly increasing the contact surface in the sole / soil interface, in particular in edge grip in slopes.
- the sole assembly is carried out in at least two superposed layers, namely a wear layer and a nerve layer, the latter having a frame which delimits its periphery and at least one obviously transverse which leaves at its two ends bridges of material which partly constitute said frame.
- the tongue is produced in correspondence with the sole area which is caused to flex longitudinally following a certain radius of curvature during the course of the user's foot during walking.
- the tongue is provided with a certain length defined as a function of this radius of curvature that the sole assembly is led to take so that it can be urged to bend, between its attachment base and its free end, and this concomitantly with the flexion of the nerve layer frame.
- the tongue when it is a shoe whose sole is made to deform by following a small radius of curvature, the tongue can be provided relatively short. Conversely, when it is a shoe where the sole is made to deform by following a large radius of curvature, the tongue must be provided long enough to be able to be urged to flex significantly.
- the tongue strengthens the resistance that opposes the frame of the nerve layer in the direction of the longitudinal flexions and allows, at the place where it extends, a certain possibility of transverse and vertical deformation of the sole assembly.
- the sole assembly can marry, in its central area, certain roughness of the ground while preserving the comfort of the foot because the tongue acts as a shield which filters pressures and shocks by diffusing them over all its surface.
- the sole assembly can also, in edge grip in particular, bend downward in its central zone under the effect of the forces which are exerted laterally on the part of its periphery which is in engagement with the ground, and thus increase in a manner significant contact surface in the sole / soil interface.
- the nerve layer of the sole assembly is produced with a succession of tongues, more or less nested between them by their free ends.
- the tongues constitute blades independent of each other which are essentially retained at the level of the frame of the nerve layer, in the extension of the material bridges which remain at the ends of the transverse recesses.
- each tab can have a different contour from the one above, for example a sinuous contour.
- FIG. 4 shows, in exploded perspective view, a sole assembly of a shoe comprising a nerve layer provided with a flexible structure according to a first embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5 illustrates, seen in partial longitudinal section, a shoe provided with the sole assembly of FIG. 4.
- FIGs 6, 7, 8 and 9 schematically represent the nerve layer of the sole assembly of Figures 4 and 5 and its operation, and more specifically:
- FIG. 8 the transverse deformation of the flexible structure of the nerve layer with the wear layer during an edge grip on a slope surface, seen along the section line VIII-VIII of FIG. 6,
- the sole assembly 10 shown in FIG. 4 consists of a wear layer 11, a layer called the nerve 12, that is to say a layer having characteristics of 6 rigidity adapted to the practice of the sport concerned, and a comfort layer 13, and equips a shoe 14 as illustrated in FIG. 5.
- This sole assembly 10 has a differentiated flexibility between its pourTOLir 15, delimited by the edge of the layer wear 11 and its central zone 16 thanks to the production of a flexible structure 17 in the nerve layer 12.
- the latter is notably obtained with a frame 20 inside which several transverse recesses 18 are staggered. According to a construction detail, each obviously transverse 18 extends as far as the frame 20 in order to allow material bridges 19 to remain, highlighted by fine lines in FIG. 4, intended to constitute said frame 20 in part.
- each obviously 18 determines between its two ends 18 ′ the outline of a tongue 21 whose attachment base 22 comes from the nerve layer 12, and whose free end 23 extends to the inside the frame 20, being approximately oriented in the longitudinal direction of the nerve layer 12.
- the tongues 21 have a contour of broken shape similar to that of a "V" which gives the nerve layer 12 a flexible structure in chevrons which extends inside its frame 20. Taking into account the bringing together of the tongues 21 with one another, in fact a succession of blades is obtained which are independent of each other and each comprising two lateral attachment bases 22 essentially from frame 20 of nerve layer 12.
- the flexible structure 17 of the nerve layer 12 is produced in the areas of the sole assembly 10 which are caused to flex longitudinally such as those 24 and 25 which are, respectively, in correspondence of the forefoot and the heel of the foot. the user.
- these zones 24 and 25 are provided with a greater capacity to be able to deform in the direction of the unwinding of the foot, which facilitates walking as much for the cushioning of the heel upon impact with the ground as for the propulsion at the level of the forefoot.
- the sole assembly 10 with its nerve layer 12 can flex according to a more or less marked radius of curvature "R" determined according to the type of shoe concerned, walking or racing for example.
- each tongue 21 has a certain length "L” defined as a function of this radius of curvature "R” so that it is systematically urged to bend between its attachment base 22 and its free end 23, concomitantly with the frame 20 of the nerve layer 12 to strengthen the resistance to longitudinal flexion of the latter.
- the tongue 21 must be relatively long to be asked to bend significantly while for a small radius of curvature "R” the tongue 21 may be short.
- the flexible structure 17 of the nerve layer 12 has a certain possibility of transverse and vertical deformation conferred by the mobility and flexibility of the free end 23 of each tongue 21 relative to its base 22, and thus relative to the frame 20 of the nerve layer 12.
- the sole assembly 10 consisting of at least the wear layer 11 and the nerve layer 12 with its flexible structure 17 is able to be able to deform in its central zone 16 without the frame 20 of the nerve layer 12 not be really solicited.
- the forces which are exerted vertically on the sole assembly 10 and laterally on its periphery 15 which is engaged with the ground can cause the downward curvature of the central zone 16 of the sole assembly 10, as indicated by the arrow 27, without subjecting the frame 20 of the nerve layer 12 to strong transverse stresses.
- the downward curvature of the central zone 16 of the sole assembly 10 is almost obtained by virtue of the sole mobility-flexibility of the free end 23 of each tongue 21 relative to its attachment base 22 on the frame 20.
- This capacity of the sole assembly 10 to be able to deform downward makes it possible to significantly increase the contact surface 28 in the sole assembly 10 / soil interface 26 and consequently improves the quality of the lateral support 5 in terms of safety and stability.
- the deformability of the sole assembly 10 in its central zone 16 also makes it possible to increase the contact surface 38 in the sole assembly 10 / soil 36 interface. marrying some of these asperities 30 'and also increases the sensations of the terrain.
- the sole assembly 10 curves upwards as indicated by the arrow 37, the wear layer 11 repelling the and / or the flexible tabs 21 of the nerve layer 12 which are placed opposite the roughness 30 'where the main support 5 takes place. Thanks to this operation of the flexible structure 17 of the nerve layer 12 in the sole assembly 10, each tongue 21 acts as a shield which attenuates the vertical deformations directed upwards and which filters the shocks by diffusing them over its entire surface, which preserves the comfort of the foot thus protected from excessively localized pressures, while improving sensations.
- the embodiment of the sole assembly 10 which has just been described shows a nerve layer 12 comprising a flexible structure 17 inside its frame 20 situated in correspondence with the zones 24 and 25 of the forefoot and the heel of the foot. the user. It is understood that according to other embodiments, not shown, the flexible structure 17 can be provided only in correspondence with one of these zones 24 or 25.
- the flexible structure 17 made with a plurality of tabs 21 having a contour of broken shape in "V" can be designed with a single 8 tongue 21, and the ends 18 ′ of the transverse recess 18 delimiting it can advantageously be oriented, substantially transversely to the median longitudinal axis 29 of the nerve layer 12 (illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 6), at an angle " A "chosen in relation to that of the flexion axis of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the user's foot (not shown).
- the and / or the tongues 21 can also be provided offset from the median longitudinal axis 29 and have a sinuous outline.
- the and / or the tongues can be produced in the nerve layer 12 so as to have, as desired, their free end 23 in the direction of the anterior end 24 of the sole assembly 10 or in the direction of the posterior end 25 of that -this.
- the and / or the tongues 21 can have contours different from a "V”, for example contours in "W”, both in transverse and longitudinal direction, and these can follow broken or sinuous shapes.
- each tongue 21 reinforces the resistance which the frame of the nerve layer opposes in the direction of the longitudinal flexions and allows, at the place where it extends, a certain possibility of transverse and vertical deformation of the sole.
- the invention is also not limited to soles of which the nerve layer defines a continuous frame, but also applies to soles of which the nerve layer defines a frame extending over at least part of the periphery of said sole.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT99915801T ATE240665T1 (de) | 1998-04-21 | 1999-04-16 | Schuh mit verformbarer besohlung |
EP99915801A EP0991334B1 (fr) | 1998-04-21 | 1999-04-16 | Chaussure a semelage avec structure deformable |
US09/445,476 US6321469B1 (en) | 1998-04-21 | 1999-04-16 | Shoe with deformable sole structure |
JP55255699A JP3973053B2 (ja) | 1998-04-21 | 1999-04-16 | 変形可能な構造の靴底を備えた靴 |
DE69908056T DE69908056T2 (de) | 1998-04-21 | 1999-04-16 | Schuh mit verformbarer besohlung |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR98/05216 | 1998-04-21 | ||
FR9805216A FR2777429B1 (fr) | 1998-04-21 | 1998-04-21 | Chaussure a semelage avec structure deformable |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999053787A1 true WO1999053787A1 (fr) | 1999-10-28 |
Family
ID=9525683
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1999/000895 WO1999053787A1 (fr) | 1998-04-21 | 1999-04-16 | Chaussure a semelage avec structure deformable |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6321469B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0991334B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP3973053B2 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE240665T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69908056T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2777429B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1999053787A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (42)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19904887B4 (de) * | 1999-02-06 | 2004-09-23 | Elefanten Gmbh | Schuh |
WO2002000051A1 (fr) * | 2000-06-26 | 2002-01-03 | Puma Aktiengesellschaft Rudolf Dassler Sport | Semelle de type semelle intermediaire, semelle interne ou semelle inserable pour une chaussure et chaussure dotee de ladite semelle |
US7181868B2 (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2007-02-27 | Nike, Incorporated | Article of footwear having a sole with a flex control member |
US6892479B2 (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2005-05-17 | Nike, Inc. | Article of cleated footwear having medial and lateral sides with differing properties |
US6990752B2 (en) * | 2002-08-01 | 2006-01-31 | Louis Garneau Sports Inc. | Bicycle shoe with ventilating sole |
FR2848389B1 (fr) * | 2002-12-11 | 2006-02-10 | Salomon Sa | Semelage de chaussure |
US7013581B2 (en) * | 2003-06-11 | 2006-03-21 | Nike, Inc. | Article of footwear having a suspended footbed |
CN100438791C (zh) * | 2003-10-17 | 2008-12-03 | 株式会社爱世克私 | 具有强化结构的鞋底 |
US7007411B2 (en) * | 2003-11-04 | 2006-03-07 | Munro & Company, Inc. | Article of footwear having a flexible insole |
US7299567B2 (en) * | 2004-06-17 | 2007-11-27 | Nike, Inc. | Article of footwear with sole plate |
US7647709B2 (en) * | 2005-05-19 | 2010-01-19 | Danner, Inc. | Footwear with a shank system |
US7444764B2 (en) * | 2005-06-06 | 2008-11-04 | Gregory Mark | Method of and structure for shedding, or protecting shoe uppers from sole-ejected water spray and the like |
US7497033B2 (en) * | 2005-08-16 | 2009-03-03 | Nike, Inc. | Article of footwear and method of manufacturing same |
US20080052960A1 (en) * | 2006-05-18 | 2008-03-06 | Manon Belley | Footwear construction |
EP2540184B1 (fr) * | 2006-10-20 | 2014-07-02 | ASICS Corporation | Structure de partie avant de semelle de chaussure |
US7814686B2 (en) * | 2007-03-06 | 2010-10-19 | Nike, Inc. | Lightweight and flexible article of footwear |
EP1972224A1 (fr) | 2007-03-19 | 2008-09-24 | Salomon S.A. | Chaussure et son semelage |
ITPN20070036A1 (it) * | 2007-05-10 | 2008-11-11 | Mgm Spa | "struttura di suola per una calzatura ventilata" |
EP2997843B1 (fr) * | 2007-05-18 | 2020-04-15 | The North Face Apparel Corp. | Appareil à plaque de support pour chaussures |
US8051583B2 (en) * | 2007-09-06 | 2011-11-08 | Nike, Inc. | Article of footwear with improved stability and balance |
US20110214310A1 (en) * | 2008-01-31 | 2011-09-08 | Ori Rosenbaum | Shoe chassis |
US7946060B2 (en) * | 2008-01-31 | 2011-05-24 | Auri Design Group, Llc | Shoe chassis |
US7997010B2 (en) * | 2008-02-20 | 2011-08-16 | Auri Footwear, Inc. | Shoe suspension system |
US8327560B2 (en) * | 2008-04-16 | 2012-12-11 | Nike Inc. | Footwear with support plate assembly |
US20090300943A1 (en) * | 2008-06-09 | 2009-12-10 | Hsieh Hung-Yu | Shoe structure |
ES2523243T3 (es) * | 2009-05-13 | 2014-11-24 | Geox S.P.A. | Estructura de suela intermedia, en particular para zapatos, incluyendo zapatos con una suela permeable al vapor, diseñada para su utilización en actividades deportivas |
IT1394807B1 (it) * | 2009-05-22 | 2012-07-13 | Thermoshoe Di Baldin E C S N C | Struttura di suola o sottopiede, particolarmente per calzature |
US9055784B2 (en) * | 2011-01-06 | 2015-06-16 | Nike, Inc. | Article of footwear having a sole structure incorporating a plate and chamber |
US8713819B2 (en) * | 2011-01-19 | 2014-05-06 | Nike, Inc. | Composite sole structure |
US8904674B2 (en) * | 2011-04-07 | 2014-12-09 | Nathan Schwartz | Ankle-foot orthosis |
FR2978019B1 (fr) | 2011-07-20 | 2014-08-15 | Salomon Sas | Chaussure a semelage ameliore |
US20130074372A1 (en) * | 2011-09-28 | 2013-03-28 | Sung Te Chen | Embodied systematic infrastructure bracket shoes |
JP2014027971A (ja) * | 2012-07-31 | 2014-02-13 | Shimano Inc | 釣り用履き物 |
US9750303B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-09-05 | New Balance Athletics, Inc. | Cambered sole |
EP3020301A1 (fr) * | 2014-11-11 | 2016-05-18 | Ecco Sko A/S | Stabilisateur de semelle |
FR3032335B1 (fr) * | 2015-02-09 | 2017-03-03 | Chanel Parfums Beaute | Pot de cosmetique comportant un couvercle a element d'accrochage guide |
US10986893B2 (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2021-04-27 | Nike, Inc. | Footwear sole structure with compression grooves and nonlinear bending stiffness |
WO2017079249A1 (fr) | 2015-11-05 | 2017-05-11 | Nike Innovate C.V. | Structure de semelle pour article de chaussures ayant une rigidité de flexion non linéaire dotée de rainures de compression et nervures descendantes |
US10660400B2 (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2020-05-26 | Nike, Inc. | Sole structure for an article of footwear having grooves and a flex control insert with ribs |
KR102206247B1 (ko) | 2017-02-01 | 2021-01-22 | 나이키 이노베이트 씨.브이. | 밑창 구조체를 위한 적층형 완충 장치 |
FR3087096B1 (fr) | 2018-10-15 | 2020-10-23 | Jet Green | Chaussure destinee avantageusement a la pratique d'activites physiques |
US11134748B2 (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2021-10-05 | The North Face Apparel Corp. | Footwear with a shell |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH246465A (fr) | 1945-10-02 | 1947-01-15 | Soc D Rech Et D Applic Tech | Chaussure. |
FR1221716A (fr) | 1959-01-08 | 1960-06-03 | Le Trappeur | Perfectionnements aux chaussures de sport |
DE8815448U1 (fr) * | 1988-12-13 | 1989-03-23 | Helmut Mayer | |
EP0373330A1 (fr) * | 1988-12-13 | 1990-06-20 | Helmut Mayer | Pièce d'insertion pour chaussure |
US5025573A (en) | 1986-06-04 | 1991-06-25 | Comfort Products, Inc. | Multi-density shoe sole |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1340341A (en) * | 1917-12-17 | 1920-05-18 | Halbert K Hitchcock | Sole |
US2211057A (en) * | 1937-02-13 | 1940-08-13 | United Shoe Machinery Corp | Shoe |
US2314237A (en) * | 1939-01-12 | 1943-03-16 | Muller Jacques | Laminated sole construction |
US2370301A (en) * | 1942-02-21 | 1945-02-27 | Ghez Henry | Sole for footwear and footwear embodying the same |
US2370302A (en) * | 1942-06-02 | 1945-02-27 | Ghez Henry | Construction of shoe soles of wood or other stiff materials |
AT312466B (de) * | 1969-01-28 | 1974-01-10 | Semperit Ag | Laufsohle mit Absatz aus Gummi oder Kunststoff |
AU581674B2 (en) * | 1984-08-24 | 1989-03-02 | Northwest Podiatric Laboratory, Inc. | Variable adjustable shoe inserts |
US4597199A (en) | 1985-02-06 | 1986-07-01 | Steve Hong | Safety shoe |
JPH0223125Y2 (fr) * | 1987-03-11 | 1990-06-22 | ||
DE58903176D1 (de) | 1988-12-13 | 1993-02-11 | Helmut Mayer | Einlage fuer einen schuh. |
-
1998
- 1998-04-21 FR FR9805216A patent/FR2777429B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-04-16 WO PCT/FR1999/000895 patent/WO1999053787A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1999-04-16 US US09/445,476 patent/US6321469B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-16 EP EP99915801A patent/EP0991334B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-16 DE DE69908056T patent/DE69908056T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-16 JP JP55255699A patent/JP3973053B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-04-16 AT AT99915801T patent/ATE240665T1/de active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH246465A (fr) | 1945-10-02 | 1947-01-15 | Soc D Rech Et D Applic Tech | Chaussure. |
FR1221716A (fr) | 1959-01-08 | 1960-06-03 | Le Trappeur | Perfectionnements aux chaussures de sport |
US5025573A (en) | 1986-06-04 | 1991-06-25 | Comfort Products, Inc. | Multi-density shoe sole |
DE8815448U1 (fr) * | 1988-12-13 | 1989-03-23 | Helmut Mayer | |
EP0373330A1 (fr) * | 1988-12-13 | 1990-06-20 | Helmut Mayer | Pièce d'insertion pour chaussure |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0991334A1 (fr) | 2000-04-12 |
JP2002505611A (ja) | 2002-02-19 |
US6321469B1 (en) | 2001-11-27 |
DE69908056T2 (de) | 2003-11-27 |
EP0991334B1 (fr) | 2003-05-21 |
JP3973053B2 (ja) | 2007-09-05 |
DE69908056D1 (de) | 2003-06-26 |
FR2777429A1 (fr) | 1999-10-22 |
FR2777429B1 (fr) | 2000-05-26 |
ATE240665T1 (de) | 2003-06-15 |
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