WO1999045163A1 - Cible de pulverisation cathodique, film conducteur transparent et son procede de production - Google Patents
Cible de pulverisation cathodique, film conducteur transparent et son procede de production Download PDFInfo
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- WO1999045163A1 WO1999045163A1 PCT/JP1999/001046 JP9901046W WO9945163A1 WO 1999045163 A1 WO1999045163 A1 WO 1999045163A1 JP 9901046 W JP9901046 W JP 9901046W WO 9945163 A1 WO9945163 A1 WO 9945163A1
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- Prior art keywords
- film
- transparent conductive
- conductive film
- zay
- target
- Prior art date
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- 238000005477 sputtering target Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 150
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009102 absorption Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- IUVCFHHAEHNCFT-INIZCTEOSA-N 2-[(1s)-1-[4-amino-3-(3-fluoro-4-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl]ethyl]-6-fluoro-3-(3-fluorophenyl)chromen-4-one Chemical compound C1=C(F)C(OC(C)C)=CC=C1C(C1=C(N)N=CN=C11)=NN1[C@@H](C)C1=C(C=2C=C(F)C=CC=2)C(=O)C2=CC(F)=CC=C2O1 IUVCFHHAEHNCFT-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000283984 Rodentia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000018936 Vitellaria paradoxa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000407 epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001146 hypoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- QHGVXILFMXYDRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyraclofos Chemical compound C1=C(OP(=O)(OCC)SCCC)C=NN1C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 QHGVXILFMXYDRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/3407—Cathode assembly for sputtering apparatus, e.g. Target
- C23C14/3414—Metallurgical or chemical aspects of target preparation, e.g. casting, powder metallurgy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/08—Oxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022466—Electrodes made of transparent conductive layers, e.g. TCO, ITO layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022466—Electrodes made of transparent conductive layers, e.g. TCO, ITO layers
- H01L31/022483—Electrodes made of transparent conductive layers, e.g. TCO, ITO layers composed of zinc oxide [ZnO]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/1884—Manufacture of transparent electrodes, e.g. TCO, ITO
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- Patent application title Sputtering target, transparent conductive film and method for producing the same
- the present invention relates to a sputtering target, a transparent conductive film, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- a zinc oxide-based transparent conductive film is preferably interposed between the Ag film, which is the back electrode of the amorphous solar cell, and the amorphous Si layer from the viewpoint of durability and photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- the light absorption rate tends to increase (that is, the light transmittance decreases).
- Conventional zinc oxide-based transparent conductive films have low specific resistance, but do not have high light transmittance (especially, transmittance of light having a wavelength of 400 to 1000).
- an oxide-based transparent conductive film having low light absorption (that is, high light transmittance) has a high specific resistance. Therefore, a specific resistance 10- 2 ⁇ 10 '° ⁇ ⁇ cm , the light absorption yield obtained transparent conductive film of lower oxide was difficult.
- the DC sputtering method it is preferable to use a low-resistance sunset having a specific resistance of 10-' ⁇ ⁇ cm or less, since a stable discharge can be obtained.
- a low resistance Zn ⁇ -based target with a specific resistance of 10— : i to 10— ⁇ cm DC sputtering is performed in an atmosphere with a low oxygen concentration (for example, only argon gas).
- the specific resistance of the obtained transparent conductive film can be as low as only 10 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-1449459).
- resistivity 10- 2 ⁇ 10 '° ⁇ ⁇ cm der Ru transparent conductive film A manufacturing method was desired.
- the present invention can be used for DC sputtering method, the resistivity is intended for stable sputtering can be prepared evening Getto of provide a transparent conductive film is a 10- 2 ⁇ 10 '° ⁇ ⁇ cm .
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a zinc oxide-based transparent conductive film having a low light absorptance and a method for producing the same.
- the present invention also provides a zinc oxide-based transparent electrically conductive film, the specific resistance is intended to provide a 10- 2 ⁇ 10 "° ⁇ ⁇ cm transparent conductive film and method of manufacturing the same.
- the present invention provides a sputtering target (hereinafter, referred to as a ZAY target) composed of an oxide containing ⁇ , 81 and Y.
- the specific resistance of the ZAY target is preferably 10-' ⁇ ⁇ cm or less. If it is higher than 10—' ⁇ ⁇ cm, the discharge during DC sputtering tends to be unstable.
- resistivity 10- 2 ⁇ 10 '" ⁇ ⁇ cm der Ru oxide-based transparent conductive film can be stably obtained.
- the specific resistance can be obtained more stably a transparent conductive film 10 one 2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ cm Therefore, in the Z AY target, it is necessary to include 0.2-15.0 atomic% and ⁇ 0.2-75.0 atomic% with respect to the total amount of Zn, A 1 and Y. preferable.
- 1 is set to 0 for the total amount of Zn, A1, and Y in ZAY. 2 to 8.0 at%, Y to 0.2 to 20.0 at%, A1 to 0.2 to 8.0 atomic%, Y to 0.2 to L It is preferably contained at 0.0 atomic%.
- the target In the case of an oxide target containing 0.2 to 75.0 atomic% of Y with respect to the total amount of Zn, A1, and Y and not containing A1, the target has a high resistance (10 ⁇ ⁇ ( : ⁇ super), and DC sputtering becomes difficult.
- the target when B of the same group 3 in the periodic table is used instead of A1, the target is inferior in moisture resistance.
- the atomic ratio of YZA1 in the ZAY target is preferably from 0.1 to 25.
- the atomic ratio of YZA 1 is less than 0.1, the light absorption of the obtained transparent conductive film tends to increase, while when the atomic ratio of YZA 1 exceeds 25, the resulting transparent conductive film The specific resistance exceeds 10 cm.
- the method for manufacturing the ZAY target is not particularly limited, and a method for sintering ordinary ceramics such as a normal pressure sintering method and a hot press method is used.
- the normal pressure sintering method is preferable because a sintered body (target) can be manufactured at low cost without using a large-scale apparatus having a vacuum apparatus.
- the ZAY target is prepared, for example, by mixing powders of alumina, yttria, and zinc oxide as raw materials, obtaining a mixed powder, filling the mixed powder into a press mold, and using a press molding machine or a rubber press machine. It can be obtained by press molding (or shaping by mud embedding method) and then firing at 1400 to 1550 ° C in air.
- the temperature is lower than 1400 ° C, sinterability is poor, and it is difficult to obtain a dense target. Also If the temperature is higher than 1550 ° C, evaporation from the sintered body becomes intense, and the vaporized gas expands the pores of the sintered body, so that the density tends to decrease.
- the holding time during firing is preferably 1 to 10 hours. If it is shorter than 1 hour, sintering is insufficient, and it is difficult to obtain a dense one. If the time is longer than 10 hours, the amount of evaporation tends to increase and the density tends to decrease.
- the density of the ZAY target is preferably 85% or more in terms of relative density to obtain a stable discharge.
- Other elements other than Al and Y may be added to the ZAY target.
- Other elements include lanthanoids such as La and Ce and Sc.
- ZAY evening one target is to have a Y "A 1 5 0 12 phase a gas one net structure by generating a virtuous preferable.
- Y 3 A 1 5 ⁇ 12 phase Y is a number solid solution with Z N_ ⁇ Can be suppressed, and as a result, a decrease in conductivity can be suppressed.
- Z nA 1 2 ⁇ 4-phase spinel structure have preferably be as small as possible.
- ZNA 1 2 ⁇ 4 phase (31 1) plane peak intensity is smaller than the peak intensity of Y 3 A 1 5 0 12 phase (101) plane .
- the present invention also provides a method for producing a transparent conductive film, wherein a method for producing a transparent conductive film by sputtering a sputtering target is characterized in that a ZAY evening get is used as a sputtering getter.
- the sputtering atmosphere is preferably an atmosphere having an oxidizing gas content of 3% by volume or less.
- An atmosphere containing only an inert gas such as argon gas may be used.
- the oxidizing gas in the atmosphere resputters the formed transparent conductive film and damages the transparent conductive film.
- ⁇ ", H 2 ⁇ , C_ ⁇ include gas having an oxygen atom such as C_ ⁇ 2.
- the sputtering method any discharge method such as DC method and high frequency method
- the DC sputtering method which has a simple apparatus structure, good operability, a high deposition rate, and excellent industrial productivity, is preferable.
- the substrate on which the film is formed examples include glass, ceramics, plastic, and metal.
- the temperature of the substrate during film formation is not particularly limited. After the film formation, the substrate can be post-heated (heat treated).
- the present invention also provides a transparent conductive film (hereinafter, referred to as a ZAY film) made of an oxide containing Zn, A1, and Y.
- a ZAY film made of an oxide containing Zn, A1, and Y.
- the desired specific resistance can be obtained with good reproducibility
- 81 to 0.2 to 15.0 atomic% and Y to 0.2 to 100% by total amount of Zn, A1, and Y are included. It is preferable to contain 75.0 atomic%. In particular, it is preferable to contain 0.2 to 8.0 at% of Y and 0.2 to 60.0 at% of Y.
- 0. 2 to 8 viii 1.0 include atomic%, 0.1 to Y 2 It is preferred that the content be within 20.0 atomic%.
- the sum of A1, Y is preferably at least 3.5 atomic%, particularly preferably at least 5 atomic%, based on the total amount of Zn, A1, and Y.
- воду ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ cm Relative to the total amount of Z n A 1 and Y, eight 1 comprises from 0.2 to 15.0 atomic%, if the Y that does not contain the specific resistance is less than 10- 2 ⁇ ⁇ cm, the light absorption rate Get higher.
- the atomic ratio of YZA1 in the ZAY film is preferably 0.1 to 25. If the atomic ratio of YZA 1 is less than 0.1, the light absorption rate tends to increase, while if the atomic ratio of YZA 1 exceeds 25, the specific resistance tends to exceed 10 ′ ′′ ⁇ ⁇ cm. From the viewpoint of specific resistance, the atomic ratio of Y / A 1 is particularly preferably 5 or less. From the viewpoint of light absorption, the atomic ratio of YZA 1 is 0.5 or more, particularly 1.0. Above Preferably, there is.
- Elements other than Al and Y may be added to the ZAY film.
- Other elements include lanthanoids such as La and Ce and Sc.
- the thickness (geometric thickness) of the ZAY film is preferably from 5 nm to 1.5 m. If it is thinner than 5 nm, it becomes difficult to obtain a continuous film. On the other hand, if the thickness is more than 1.5 m, the cost increases and the film tends to peel off. From the viewpoint of light absorption, the film thickness is particularly preferably from 5 to 200 nm.
- ZAY film resistivity easily achieve relatively high 10- 2 ⁇ 10 ' ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ cm , for example, is suitable for 10 3 ⁇ 10 1 ⁇ port high sheet resistance required applications. Particularly, it is most suitable for a transparent heating element for obtaining a desired calorific value.
- the conductivity of the electrode vicinity is practically very important, as long as it has a resistance of 10 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ ⁇ port, conductivity in the vicinity of electrodes is sufficient, the stable film It can be energized (used) and abnormal heat generation near the electrode can be prevented.
- the specific resistance of ⁇ film is lower than 10- 2 ⁇ ⁇ cm, in order to obtain a desired sheet resistance (e.g., 10 3 ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ port), it is necessary to reduce the film thickness, film Problems, such as breakage, are likely to occur.
- the desired sheet resistance value if the specific film thickness of the film is higher than 10 '° ⁇ ⁇ cm, the desired sheet resistance value
- the present invention also provides a substrate with a transparent conductive film in which a ZA film is formed on the substrate.
- a transparent conductive film having the ZAY film formed thereon include the above-described transparent heating element, a solar cell (described later), and a touch panel.
- the crystallinity of the transparent conductive film laminated thereon can be adjusted. That is, in the ZAY film, the C-axis of the zinc oxide crystal is oriented perpendicular to the substrate, which affects the crystallinity of the transparent conductive film laminated thereon.
- the transparent conductive film laminated thereon becomes a transparent conductive film having high crystallinity by a phenomenon similar to epitaxy growth under the influence of the crystal orientation of the ZAY film as the base film. This is particularly remarkable when the transparent conductive film laminated thereon is a zinc oxide-based transparent conductive film.
- the ZAY film is used as the base film, the diffusion of alkali ions from the substrate can be prevented when the substrate is soda lime glass, and it is included in the film when the substrate is a plastic film. Evaporation and diffusion of solvents and low molecular weight substances can be prevented.
- the ZAY film when used as an overcoat film of another transparent conductive film, it functions as a protective layer for preventing moisture and oxygen from entering from outside air.
- the transparent film by laminating the transparent film with another transparent conductive film, internal stress of the laminated film can be reduced and film breakage can be reduced.
- the conductivity of the other transparent conductive film is maintained for a long time.
- a substrate with a transparent conductive film is formed by combining (stacking) a ZAY film with another transparent conductive film, the change in the sheet resistance value of the substrate with a transparent conductive film does not change even after a long period of time. It will be small.
- the carrier electron concentration in the film is reduced by adding Y, the absorption of light in the visible light and the near infrared region by the carrier electrons is small, and as a result, the light transmittance can be increased. Furthermore, by adding Y, the defect level (interstitial zinc) in the ZAY film can be reduced, and the effect of narrowing the band gap due to the defect level can be suppressed. (0 to 500 nm), and the light transmittance can be increased.
- the present invention also provides a solar cell in which a front electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a back electrode are formed in this order on a substrate, wherein a solar cell in which a ZAY film is formed between the photoelectric conversion layer and the back electrode is provided.
- a solar cell in which a ZAY film is formed between the photoelectric conversion layer and the back electrode is provided.
- the ZAY film when a ZAY film is used as the transparent conductive layer interposed between the back electrode (for example, Ag film) made of aluminum and the amorphous Si layer, the ZAY film has low light absorption in the visible light region and near-infrared region and has low light energy. Because the power is used more effectively, the decrease in power generation efficiency can be reduced.
- A1 in the ZAY film and in the ZAY target works to generate electrons that exhibit conductivity by being partially or entirely dissolved in Z ⁇ .
- Y acts to reduce the carrier concentration and reduce the mobility as an impurity scattering source. Also, Y in the ZAY target works as a sintering aid.
- ⁇ in the octane film is uniformly dispersed in the film and exists as a solid solution in Zn ⁇ .
- Y in ZAY target is present segregated, since the action of the high resistance of said Y do not span only a narrow range, as a whole ZAY evening Getto has a low resistance 10- 3 ⁇ ⁇ cm stand .
- Y in Z AY target is present in a state of solid solution in the Y 2 ⁇ 3 or Zn_ ⁇ .
- ZnO powder prepared A 1 2 0 3 powder and Y 2 ⁇ 3 powder, these powders were mixed by a ball mill in the ratio shown in Table 1.
- Al and ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ in the column of ⁇ target in Table 1 indicate the contents (atomic%) of A1 and Y with respect to the total amount of ⁇ , A1 and ⁇ , respectively.
- the composition of the ZAY target coincided with the mixed composition of the raw material powder. After press-molding this mixed powder, normal pressure firing was performed at 1450 ° C for 3 hours in an air atmosphere to produce a sintered body.
- each sintered body was cut into a prism having a size of 3 mm ⁇ 3 mm ⁇ 30 mm, and the specific resistance was measured by a four terminal measurement.
- the results are shown in Table 1.
- the unit of the specific resistance in the column of ZAY target in Table 1 is ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- the measurement by the four-terminal method was performed as follows. Both ends of the cut sample ( An electric wire was soldered to the 3 mm X 3 mm surface), the electric wire was connected to a DC power supply, and a constant current of 0.1 amps was applied to the sample. At this time, place the voltmeter probe about 2 mm inward from both ends on one side of 3 mm ⁇ 30 mm, and place it between (L
- each sintered body was cut out to a size of 6 inches in diameter and 5 mm in thickness to produce a Z AY one-get.
- sheet resistance of less than 10 6 was measured using a thin-film resistance tester (loresta) manufactured by Mitsubishi Yuka Co., Ltd. (Mitsubis hi Yuka Co. Ltd.). , probes a type of company 2 Tanhari measured by mounting, for 10 6 or more sheet resistance, shea Sid static (Ltd.) (Shishido electrostatic LTD) made of thin film resistors measuring Megaresu evening
- composition of the ZAY film was analyzed by ICP. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Al and Y in ⁇ of the Z AY film in Table 1 indicate the contents (atomic%) of A 1 and Y with respect to the total amount of Zn, A 1 and Y, respectively.
- Table 1 shows the absorptance of incident light at 400 nm, 500 nm and 1000 nm as typical values.
- the values of 400 nm, 500 nm, and 1000 nm in the ZAY film column in Table 1 are the absorptance (%) of incident light at 400 nm, 500 nm, and 1000 nm, respectively.
- the light absorption of the ZAY film was low, less than 4% at each wavelength from 400 to 1000 nm. This is presumably because the addition of Y suppressed the effect of narrowing the band gap and reduced the carrier electron concentration.
- the targets obtained in Examples 1 to 11 were subjected to powder X-ray diffraction analysis (CuK was analyzed for crystal phases other than Zn_ ⁇ phase using a line use), appears a peak in example 1, Y 3 a 1 5 ⁇ 12 phase peak and Z nA 1 2 ⁇ 4-phase, Z nA 1 2 ⁇ peak intensity of Y 3 a 1 5 ⁇ 12 phase (101) plane to the peak intensity of the 4-phase (31 1) plane 1. 1.
- Example 2-1 Z nA 1 2 ⁇ four phases of the peak did not appear (was under the detection limit or less).
- Example 14 shows the data of the absorptivity of only the glass substrate.
- Table 1 shows the specific resistance measured in the same manner as in Example 1. Te Examples 13 odor free of A 1, the ratio ⁇ the evening one rodents Bok was as high as 10 5 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- Example 2 a target was produced from these sintered bodies in the same manner as in Example 1. Using these evening getters, a film was formed under the same conditions as in Example 1 using a magnetron DC sputtering apparatus.
- Example 13 which did not include A1, the target could not be discharged by DC sputtering because the target had high resistance and did not discharge.
- Example 12 the discharge was stable during the film formation. After film formation, the film thickness was measured to be about 130 nm. Table 1 shows the results of calculating the specific resistance in the same manner as in Example 1. In Example 12, a transparent conductive film of the desired 1 0- 2 ⁇ 1 0 '° ⁇ ⁇ cm was obtained.
- a 40 nm ZAY film was formed on a soda lime glass substrate. Then, on the ZAY film, with G a 2 0 3 Ga 2 ⁇ 3 is contained 5.7% by weight relative to the total amount of the Z N_ ⁇ target (Ga 2 ⁇ 3 and ZnO that are added target, hereinafter, with reference to) of GZO target, Ga 2 0 3 is of the addition ZnO film (the Ga 2 ⁇ 3 and Ga 2 ⁇ 3 relative to the total amount of Zn_ ⁇ 5. 7 wt% contained is a transparent conductive film, hereinafter referred to as GZO films) was 25 nm deposited.
- GZO films transparent conductive film
- a transparent heat generating body B was produced in the same manner as described above except that the ZAY film was not formed as a base film.
- the sheet resistance of the obtained transparent heating element A was 1300 ⁇ square. The reason why the sheet resistance differs from that of the transparent heating element A is that the resistance increased during the heat treatment.
- the transparent heating element B was left in a constant temperature bath and a constant temperature and humidity chamber in the same manner as the transparent heating element A. After being left in a thermostat kept at 100 ° C for 30 days, the sheet resistance was 1340 ⁇ square, and the rate of increase was as high as 3.1%. After being left in a thermo-hygrostat at 60 ° C and 90% RH for 30 days, the sheet resistance was 1400 ⁇ and the increase rate was as high as 7.7%.
- Example 15 In the process of producing the transparent heating element A in 5, except that a 40 nm ZAY film was further formed on the 25 nm GZO film in the same manner as in Example 15, Similarly, a transparent heating element C was produced. The visible light transmittance of the glass with the transparent conductive film before producing the transparent heating element C was 83%.
- the sheet resistance of the obtained transparent heating element C was 1200 ⁇ square.
- the transparent heating element C was left in a constant temperature bath and a constant temperature and humidity chamber in the same manner as the transparent heating element A.
- the sheet resistance after leaving in a thermostat maintained at 100 ° C for 30 days is 12
- the rate of change was extremely small with a rise rate of 0.4% at 05 ⁇ mouth.
- the sheet resistance was 1208 ⁇ / port, the rate of increase was 0.7%, and the rate of change was extremely small.
- H layer was laminated to a thickness of 400 nm by a plasma CVD method.
- the S i 11 4 8 2 11 6 The p layer formed, a S i H 4 is the i-layer formation, a S i H 4 and PH 3 in the n layer formation, respectively raw material Used as gas.
- Example 3 a 50 nm ZAY film was formed on the photoelectric conversion layer in the same manner as in Example 3 using the ZAY sunset gate obtained in Example 3. Finally, a 200-nm Ag film was laminated as a back electrode to produce solar cell A.
- Z N_ ⁇ film A 1 2 0 is added (A to ⁇ 3 and A 1 2 0 3 2 wt% content by a transparent conductive film with respect to the total amount of Zn ⁇ )
- a solar cell was fabricated in the same manner as described above, except that was used.
- the obtained solar cells A and B are fed to a solar simulator by AM-1 (the sunlight falling on the earth is weakened by the atmosphere.
- the amount of air passing through the atmosphere is called Air Mass, and it is perpendicular from the zenith.
- the amount of passing air incident on the surface is called AM-1; outside the atmosphere, it is called AM-0.
- Light is emitted, the voltage-current characteristics at that time are measured, and the short circuit current (open circuit voltage) (Open circuit volt age)
- the fill factor was measured to determine the photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cell B was 1.00
- the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cell A was 1.12
- the solar cell using the ZAY film had a higher photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- the ZAY target of the present invention can be used for a DC sputtering method. Also, the use of the ZAY target, light absorption rate is low, the transparent conductive film is a specific resistance of 10- 2 ⁇ 10 ' ⁇ ⁇ • cm can be produced stably.
- the ZAY film of the present invention has an appropriate specific resistance and low light absorption. Therefore, the ZAY film of the present invention is used in combination with the Ag film of the back electrode of the solar cell. It is suitable as a transparent conductive film or a transparent conductive film used for a transparent heating element.
- the present invention has a specific resistance of 10 one 2 ⁇ 10 1 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ cm, the light absorption rate is lower transparent conductive film excellent productivity can be produced.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99937951A EP1063317B1 (en) | 1998-03-05 | 1999-03-04 | Sputtering target, transparent conductive film, and method for producing the same |
US09/622,069 US6596135B1 (en) | 1998-03-05 | 1999-03-04 | Sputtering target, transparent conductive film, and method for producing the same |
DE69909987T DE69909987T2 (de) | 1998-03-05 | 1999-03-04 | Sputtertarget, transparenter leitender film und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP10/53899 | 1998-03-05 | ||
JP5389998 | 1998-03-05 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1999045163A1 true WO1999045163A1 (fr) | 1999-09-10 |
Family
ID=12955578
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1999/001046 WO1999045163A1 (fr) | 1998-03-05 | 1999-03-04 | Cible de pulverisation cathodique, film conducteur transparent et son procede de production |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6596135B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1063317B1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69909987T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1999045163A1 (ja) |
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EP0578046B1 (en) | 1992-07-10 | 1996-11-06 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | Transparent conductive film, and target and material for vapor deposition to be used for its production |
US5736267A (en) | 1994-08-17 | 1998-04-07 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | Transparent conductive film and method for its production, and sputtering target |
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1999
- 1999-03-04 DE DE69909987T patent/DE69909987T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-03-04 EP EP99937951A patent/EP1063317B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-04 WO PCT/JP1999/001046 patent/WO1999045163A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 1999-03-04 US US09/622,069 patent/US6596135B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JPH06290641A (ja) * | 1993-03-30 | 1994-10-18 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 非晶質透明導電膜 |
JPH0769715A (ja) * | 1993-08-31 | 1995-03-14 | Mamoru Omori | 高靱性酸化物セラミックスおよびその製造方法 |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2008255477A (ja) * | 2007-03-09 | 2008-10-23 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | ZnO蒸着材及びそれにより形成されたZnO膜 |
JP2009097089A (ja) * | 2007-09-27 | 2009-05-07 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | ZnO蒸着材とその製造方法、およびそのZnO膜等 |
JP2009097091A (ja) * | 2007-09-27 | 2009-05-07 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | ZnO蒸着材とその製造方法、およびそのZnO膜等 |
US8409477B2 (en) | 2007-09-27 | 2013-04-02 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | ZnO vapor deposition material, process for producing the same, and ZnO film |
WO2016132825A1 (ja) * | 2015-02-18 | 2016-08-25 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | スパッタリングターゲット、及び、積層膜 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69909987T2 (de) | 2004-05-27 |
US6596135B1 (en) | 2003-07-22 |
EP1063317A4 (en) | 2002-04-17 |
EP1063317A1 (en) | 2000-12-27 |
EP1063317B1 (en) | 2003-07-30 |
DE69909987D1 (de) | 2003-09-04 |
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