WO1999043985A1 - Four de gazeification a lit fluidise - Google Patents

Four de gazeification a lit fluidise Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999043985A1
WO1999043985A1 PCT/JP1999/000946 JP9900946W WO9943985A1 WO 1999043985 A1 WO1999043985 A1 WO 1999043985A1 JP 9900946 W JP9900946 W JP 9900946W WO 9943985 A1 WO9943985 A1 WO 9943985A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluidized
fluidized bed
gasification furnace
bed
medium
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP1999/000946
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Norihisa Miyoshi
Seiichiro Toyoda
Daisaku Fukuoka
Takashi Imaizumi
Shinichirou Chiba
Original Assignee
Ebara Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ebara Corporation filed Critical Ebara Corporation
Priority to AU26419/99A priority Critical patent/AU2641999A/en
Priority to EP99906525A priority patent/EP1058051B1/fr
Priority to DE69926217T priority patent/DE69926217T2/de
Publication of WO1999043985A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999043985A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F23C10/24—Devices for removal of material from the bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/30—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a fluidised bed

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fluidized-bed gasifier, and more particularly to a fluidized-bed gasifier characterized by discharging a fluidized medium.
  • a fluidized bed is a fluidized bed fluidized by supplying gas from under a particle packed bed filled with several tens to several millimeters of fluidized medium particles such as silica sand and iron oxide.
  • a fluidized bed (layer) is formed.
  • a fluidized bed reactor is used to accelerate the chemical reaction by utilizing the fluidity, uniformity, heat capacity, and surface area of the fluidized bed (layer). It is intended to be performed stably and homogeneously, and has been used in catalytic cracking furnaces for petroleum refining, combustion furnaces and incinerators for solid fuels such as coal, and has many achievements. Background art
  • Fluidized bed gasifiers have excellent mixing characteristics and heat transfer characteristics due to the fluidized medium. Compared to a gas-bed reactor, there are advantages such as less restrictions on the size and properties of the fuel that can be charged, but fluidized media and fuel
  • the disadvantage is that the operating temperature must be lower than that of a pneumatic bed reactor in order to prevent the ash content inside from melting and adhering to each other at high temperatures and obstructing the flow.
  • the temperature range is about 900 ° C or less when using coal as fuel, and about 600 to 800 ° C when using waste as fuel, depending on the nature of the waste. If the waste contains Al-Li metal, it needs to be lower.
  • the fluidized-bed gasification reactor has the feature that there are few restrictions on the size of the fuel that can be input and the properties of the fuel.However, in the case of a fuel containing incombustible substances such as coal and waste, the If the particles are charged as they are, the incombustibles remaining in the reactor will also increase, and it will be necessary to discharge them from the reactor in some way. However, it is very difficult to withdraw a fluid medium at a high temperature of 500 ° C. to 600 ° C. from a fluidized bed even in a normal pressure reactor because of the high temperature. In gasifiers operated under pressure, it is almost impossible.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional technology, and has a large amount of fuel that can be charged.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a fluidized bed gasifier with excellent operability that can safely operate not only at normal pressure but also under high pressure, while taking advantage of the characteristics of fluidized bed reactors that have few restrictions on size and properties.
  • the present invention provides a fluidized-bed gasification furnace using a fluidized bed reactor, wherein a fluidized medium discharge shut is provided near a floor of the reactor, It is characterized by providing a gas blowing device below the gate.
  • a device for mechanically extracting the fluidized medium is provided in the vicinity of the lowermost portion of the fluidized medium discharge shutter, and a screw conveyer is used as the device.
  • the fluidized medium discharge Shiyu over preparative may that that have a balloon device for a gas to the bottom, these gas blowing device is a gas vapor or blowing out using a gas containing no co 2 or oxygen be able to.
  • the fluidized bed reactor used in the present invention is preferably divided into units according to functions, and can be easily adapted to fuels having different properties by changing the combination of the units.
  • FIG. 1A, 1B, and 1C are cross-sectional views showing the structure of a cylindrical fluidized-bed gasification furnace showing an example of the fluidized-bed gasification furnace of the present invention.
  • 1B is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 1A
  • FIG. 1C is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 1A.
  • FIG. 2A, 2B, and 2C are cross-sectional views showing the structure of a rectangular-type fluidized-bed gasifier showing another example of the fluidized-bed gasifier according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 2B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A of Fig. 2A
  • Fig. 2C is Fig. 2
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line B-B of A.
  • FIG. 3 is an overall configuration diagram showing an example of components around a gasifier according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is an overall configuration diagram showing another example of components around the gasification furnace of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is an overall configuration diagram showing still another example of components around the gasification furnace of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a modified example of the fluidized bed gasification furnace of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a modified example of the fluidized bed gasification furnace of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C are cross-sectional views showing the structure of a cylindrical fluidized-bed gasifier showing an example of the fluidized-bed gasifier of the present invention.
  • Fig. 1A is a longitudinal sectional view of a fluidized bed gasifier
  • Fig. 1B is a sectional view taken along line A-A of Fig. 1A
  • Fig. 1C is a sectional view taken along line B-B of Fig. 1A.
  • the fluidized bed gasifier using the cylindrical fluidized bed reactor shown in Fig. 1A to Fig. 1C is composed of a fluidized bed unit 1, a furnace bottom unit 2, a medium discharge unit 3, a freeboard unit 4, And a reflector unit 5.
  • the fluidized bed reactor comprises a fluidized bed unit 1, a furnace bottom unit 2, and a medium discharge unit 3. Each adjacent unit is connected by a flange.
  • a fluidizing gas dispersing device 6 having a conical upper surface, and a large number of fluidizing gas dispersing devices are provided on the upper surface of the fluidizing gas dispersing device 6.
  • a nozzle 7 is provided inside the fluidized bed unit 1, there is provided inside the fluidized bed unit 1, there is provided a fluidizing gas dispersing device 6 having a conical upper surface, and a large number of fluidizing gas dispersing devices are provided on the upper surface of the fluidizing gas dispersing device 6.
  • a nozzle 7 is provided inside the fluidized bed unit 1, there is provided inside the fluidized bed unit 1, there is provided
  • the fluidized bed unit 1 and the inside of the unit below the fluidized bed unit 1 are filled with a fluidized medium 11, and the fluidized medium above the fluidized gas dispersion device 6 is a fluidized gas dispersion nozzle. It is fluidized by the fluidizing gas blown out from 7 to form a fluidized bed 8. Further, inside the fluidizing gas dispersing device 6, an air header 9 is divided into at least two or more and is built in, and the velocity of the fluidizing gas blown out from the fluidizing gas dispersing nozzle 7 is controlled in the peripheral portion. By making the blowing speed different so that the fluid flow becomes relatively faster than the central part, the internal swirling flow 12 of the fluidized medium is formed in the fluidized bed.
  • the temperature of the fluidized medium above the fluidizing gas dispersing device 6 is maintained between 400 ° C. and 100 ° C., preferably between 500 ° C. and 800 ° C.
  • a gap 20 between the fluidizing gas dispersion device 6 and the inner wall of the fluidized bed unit 1 is formed below the outlet 16, and this gap 20 is used as a discharge medium for the fluidized medium.
  • This gap 20 is divided into four shoots 20a to 20d by a support 10 that fixes the fluidizing gas dispersion device 6 and the inner wall of the fluidized bed unit 1. .
  • a pipe for supplying a fluidizing gas from outside the fluidized bed unit 1 to the air header 9 may be provided inside the support 10.
  • each shoot 20a to 20d be in contact with the entire side surface of the fluidizing gas dispersing device 6 in order to prevent accumulation of incombustibles in the fluidized bed 8.
  • the upper end of the support 10 necessarily has a mountain shape, and the top of the mountain has an acute angle.
  • the support 10 needs to have a certain width, so that the shape of the support 10 expands downward. The shape must be reduced, and the circumferential width of each shoot 20a to 20d will be reduced. But
  • the lower side surface 6a of the fluidized gas dispersion device 6 is inclined toward the center line as it goes downward, so that the radius of each shot 20a to 20d is reduced.
  • the dimension in the direction is increased toward the bottom to prevent the horizontal cross-sectional area from decreasing.
  • Gas blowout nozzles 13 are provided vertically below each shoot 20a to 20d, and the inside of the shoot is purged with steam or an inert gas to diffuse tar and oxygen. To prevent fluid flow and to fluidize the fluid medium violently to eliminate clogging of the shoot.
  • a media discharge unit 3 is connected to the lower side of the furnace bottom unit 2, and the inner surface of the furnace bottom unit 2 in the gasification furnace is adapted to the size of the inlet of the medium discharge unit 3. Inclined and narrowed as a whole. If non-combustibles that could form a bridge due to such squeezing must be discharged, for example, incombustibles such as wire, the vertical wall of the straight plate can of course be used. Good or eccentric, vertical and inclined parts may be provided.
  • a medium discharge device 15 is provided below the medium discharge device unit 3.
  • a screw conveyor is used as the medium discharge device 15, but depending on the properties of incombustible materials, a discharge device that can discharge in the horizontal direction like a chain conveyor is used. May be. Further, in the present gasification furnace, the medium discharge device 15 is installed horizontally in the horizontal direction, but it can be tilted up and down.
  • a gas blowing nozzle 14 is provided below.
  • the number of nozzles 14 for blowing out this gas is one, but this nozzle extends over the entire diameter of the connection portion between the medium discharge unit unit 3 and the hopper unit 2 under the furnace. Since the purpose is to spread the gas, the number may be increased if necessary. Since the concentration of incombustibles can be expected due to the wind power sorting effect of the gas blown from the gas blowout nozzles 14, the amount of discharged fluid medium is reduced, and the amount of heat taken out is also reduced.
  • nozzle 1 4 blowout gas is blown gas 3 0 containing no steam or CO 2, or oxygen, which contains carbon particles in liquidity medium in shoe one DOO
  • the cooling effect can be further enhanced by the above-mentioned endothermic reaction.
  • the temperature of the steam to be blown must be at least not lower than the saturation temperature at the operating pressure of the gasifier. It is necessary to prevent dew condensation by keeping the temperature of the media discharge device etc. below the dew point by keeping it warm or performing heat tracing as necessary.
  • the gasifiers shown in Fig. 1A to Fig. 1C are united for each part in charge of each function, but of course, they may be manufactured integrally.
  • each part is large and sufficient maintenance space is available, and there is no need to divide and inspect each unit, so they can be manufactured integrally.
  • unit-split types such as those shown in Figs. 1A to 1C may be effective.
  • the unit split structure can be easily changed depending on the fuel properties. For example, for fuels that are difficult to gasify and require a long residence time in the fluidized bed, to increase the bed height, the diffuser unit 5 and the fluidized bed unit as shown in Fig. 6 are used. A straight pipe section 1a is added between the points (1) and (2). In addition, for fuels that require a long freeboard residence time due to low specific gravity and low in-layer residence ratio, a shape that bulges out slightly above the flange as shown in Fig. 7 is used. Use the freeboard unit 4 whose internal volume has been increased. In this way, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, by modifying only necessary parts, various fuels can be easily handled without modifying the entire fuel.
  • FIG. 2A, 2B, and 2C are cross-sectional views showing the structure of a rectangular fluidized-bed gasifier showing another example of the fluidized-bed gasifier according to the present invention.
  • 2A is a vertical cross-sectional view of the fluidized bed gasifier
  • FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 2A
  • FIG. 2C is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 2A.
  • FIGS. 1A to 1C the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 1A to 1C denote members having the same functions, and the structures and operations thereof are also the same.
  • the outer wall of the fluidized bed unit 1 is formed in a rectangular shape.
  • the upper surface of the fluidizing gas dispersing device 6 on a rectangle arranged inside the fluidized bed unit 1 is formed in a mountain shape.
  • two symmetrical internal swirling flows 12 are formed between the central portion and the left and right peripheral portions.
  • a gap 20 between the fluidizing gas dispersion device 6 and the inner wall of the fluidized bed unit 1 is formed below the outlet 16, and the gap 20 functions as a discharge shoot for the fluid medium.
  • this gap 20 is composed of two shoots 20a and 20b as shown in FIG. 2B. Below each shoot 20a.20b, three gas blowing nozzles 13 are provided, respectively.
  • FIG. 3 is an overall configuration diagram showing one example of components around a gasification furnace when the fluidized-bed gasification furnace according to the present invention is used under pressure.
  • a lock hopper 102 for pressure sealing is connected to the lower part of the gas discharge furnace unit at the lower part of the gasifier 101 having the structure shown in FIGS. 1A to 1C and FIGS. 2A to 2C.
  • a vibrating sieve 103 is provided downstream of the rock hohno 102.
  • the non-combustible material 6 1 and the fluid medium 60 are sieved by the vibrating sieve 103.
  • the non-combustible material 61 is discharged out of the system, and the fluid medium 60 is returned to the furnace.
  • the fluid medium 60 sieved by the vibrating sieve 103 is conveyed by the fluid medium conveyer 104, and passes through the fluid medium supply lock hopper 105 to supply the fluid medium conveyer 10. At 6 it is returned into the gasifier 101.
  • up to the lock hopper 102 is pressurized and dew condensation easily occurs. Therefore, it is desirable to take dew condensation prevention measures such as heat retention and steam tracing.
  • FIG. 4 is an overall configuration diagram showing another example of components around the gasification furnace when the fluidized-bed gasification furnace according to the present invention is used under pressure.
  • the fluid medium conveyed by the fluid medium conveyer 104 as in FIG. 3 is once received by the fluid medium hobber 107 and then discharged by the medium quantitative dispenser 108.
  • the medium quantitative dispenser 108 By adjusting the quantity and switching the switching shoot 109, not only the fluid medium supply lock hopper 105 but also the fuel supply lock hopper 110 and the fuel conveyor 50 together with the fuel 50 are supplied. It is also possible to supply into the furnace at 11.
  • FIG. 5 is an overall configuration diagram showing a device configuration around a gasification furnace when the present invention is used at normal pressure.
  • the mixture of the incombustible material and the fluid medium discharged from the gasification furnace 101 is conveyed by the conveyer 104 and sieved by the vibrating sieve 103 into the incombustible material 61 and the fluid medium 60.
  • the fluidized medium 60 is supplied to the gasifier 101 by the fluidized medium supply conveyer 106. If there are many non-combustible materials with a small particle size, such as forming a fluid medium in the fuel, the flow path is switched by the switching shot 109 and the excess fluid medium is supplied to the fluid medium hopper 107 side. And discharged to a fluid medium supply conveyor 106 by a fixed-rate dispenser 108 as needed, and put into the furnace.
  • One of the methods is to use a conveyor type of conveyor 104, which is filled with a fluid medium.
  • Force S which is a type of conveyor
  • This type of conveyor has the problem that the required power is large because the internal fluid medium must be constantly stirred.
  • Another method is to provide a sealing damper between the outlet of the fluidized medium discharge conveyor below the gasification furnace 101 and the transfer conveyor 104. This method requires a function to maintain the seal while discharging the fluid medium, and it is desirable to use a double damper method.However, even a single damper linked to the operation and stoppage of the fluid medium discharge conveyer is desirable. The effect can be expected.
  • the shoot purge function using steam or inert gas can prevent vaporized tar from entering the shot section, and prevent various problems caused by tar after cooling the fluid medium.
  • the medium discharge device since incombustibles and fluid medium to be discharged outside the furnace can be cooled by steam or inert gas, the medium discharge device does not need to use high-grade materials for heat and corrosion resistance, and can be inexpensive.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un four de gazéification à lit fluidisé capable d'évacuer rapidement des imbrûlés contenus dans un combustible avec un milieu fluide. En particulier, l'invention concerne un four de gazéification à lit fluidisé utilisant un dispositif de réaction à lit fluidisé, comprenant un orifice d'évacuation (16) destiné à un milieu fluide placé à proximité de la surface du lit fluidisé et associé à des goulottes (20a-20d) d'évacuation du milieu fluide s'étendant vers le bas, et un dispositif (13) de soufflage de gaz placé au-dessous des déversoirs.
PCT/JP1999/000946 1998-02-27 1999-02-26 Four de gazeification a lit fluidise WO1999043985A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU26419/99A AU2641999A (en) 1998-02-27 1999-02-26 Fluidized bed gasification furnace
EP99906525A EP1058051B1 (fr) 1998-02-27 1999-02-26 Four de gazeification a lit fluidise
DE69926217T DE69926217T2 (de) 1998-02-27 1999-02-26 Wirbelschichtbettvergasungsofen

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP6188698 1998-02-27
JP10/61886 1998-02-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999043985A1 true WO1999043985A1 (fr) 1999-09-02

Family

ID=13184087

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/JP1999/000946 WO1999043985A1 (fr) 1998-02-27 1999-02-26 Four de gazeification a lit fluidise

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1058051B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1239841C (fr)
AU (1) AU2641999A (fr)
DE (1) DE69926217T2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999043985A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013145725A1 (fr) * 2012-03-30 2013-10-03 株式会社神鋼環境ソリューション Appareil permettant de fournir des particules fluides à un four de gazéification à lit fluidisé

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002086026A2 (fr) * 2001-04-19 2002-10-31 Ebara Corporation Appareil de gazeification et procede de fonctionnement du meme
JP2004212032A (ja) * 2002-11-15 2004-07-29 Ebara Corp 流動層ガス化炉
JP5694690B2 (ja) * 2010-06-22 2015-04-01 株式会社神鋼環境ソリューション 流動層炉及び廃棄物処理方法
CN102051247A (zh) * 2010-12-11 2011-05-11 水煤浆气化及煤化工国家工程研究中心 一种改善煤粘温特性的助剂
CN109185869B (zh) * 2018-09-05 2019-12-20 江西黄龙油脂有限公司 一种分层燃烧室流态化锅炉

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5843318A (ja) * 1981-09-09 1983-03-14 Ebara Corp 排出装置
JPS59197715A (ja) * 1983-04-25 1984-11-09 Babcock Hitachi Kk 異物排出口をシ−ルした流動層燃焼装置

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3397657A (en) * 1965-11-01 1968-08-20 Tada Mitsuru Apparatus for continuously burning wastes
CA1285375C (fr) * 1986-01-21 1991-07-02 Takahiro Ohshita Thermoreacteur
JPS6370008A (ja) * 1986-09-10 1988-03-30 Babcock Hitachi Kk 成長流動媒体排出装置

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5843318A (ja) * 1981-09-09 1983-03-14 Ebara Corp 排出装置
JPS59197715A (ja) * 1983-04-25 1984-11-09 Babcock Hitachi Kk 異物排出口をシ−ルした流動層燃焼装置

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP1058051A4 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013145725A1 (fr) * 2012-03-30 2013-10-03 株式会社神鋼環境ソリューション Appareil permettant de fournir des particules fluides à un four de gazéification à lit fluidisé

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2641999A (en) 1999-09-15
CN1239841C (zh) 2006-02-01
CN1295661A (zh) 2001-05-16
DE69926217D1 (de) 2005-08-25
EP1058051A1 (fr) 2000-12-06
EP1058051A4 (fr) 2001-09-19
EP1058051B1 (fr) 2005-07-20
DE69926217T2 (de) 2006-04-20

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