WO1999011256A1 - L-threonate ferreux, composition pharmaceutique le contenant et son utilisation pour reduire et traiter l'anemie chez l'homme - Google Patents

L-threonate ferreux, composition pharmaceutique le contenant et son utilisation pour reduire et traiter l'anemie chez l'homme Download PDF

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WO1999011256A1
WO1999011256A1 PCT/CN1998/000174 CN9800174W WO9911256A1 WO 1999011256 A1 WO1999011256 A1 WO 1999011256A1 CN 9800174 W CN9800174 W CN 9800174W WO 9911256 A1 WO9911256 A1 WO 9911256A1
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Prior art keywords
anemia
threonate
ferrous
iron
group
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PCT/CN1998/000174
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO1999011256A8 (fr
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Kai Yu
Zhiwen Wang
Fuping Kou
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Beijing Juneng Asia-Pacific Life Scientific Research Center
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Priority to US09/486,569 priority Critical patent/US6313170B1/en
Priority to DE69832722T priority patent/DE69832722T2/de
Priority to KR1020007002104A priority patent/KR100615537B1/ko
Priority to AU88512/98A priority patent/AU8851298A/en
Priority to JP2000508359A priority patent/JP2001514219A/ja
Priority to EP98940049A priority patent/EP1038524B1/en
Publication of WO1999011256A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999011256A1/zh
Publication of WO1999011256A8 publication Critical patent/WO1999011256A8/zh
Priority to HK01102229A priority patent/HK1032534A1/xx

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F15/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F15/02Iron compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C59/00Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
    • C07C59/01Saturated compounds having only one carboxyl group and containing hydroxy or O-metal groups
    • C07C59/10Polyhydroxy carboxylic acids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/16Inorganic salts, minerals or trace elements
    • A23L33/165Complexes or chelates
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/185Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A61K31/19Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
    • A61K31/191Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having two or more hydroxy groups, e.g. gluconic acid
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/28Compounds containing heavy metals
    • A61K31/295Iron group metal compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/335Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
    • A61K31/365Lactones
    • A61K31/375Ascorbic acid, i.e. vitamin C; Salts thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7135Compounds containing heavy metals
    • A61K31/714Cobalamins, e.g. cyanocobalamin, i.e. vitamin B12
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/24Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A61K33/26Iron; Compounds thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A61P7/06Antianaemics
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C51/00Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
    • C07C51/41Preparation of salts of carboxylic acids
    • C07C51/412Preparation of salts of carboxylic acids by conversion of the acids, their salts, esters or anhydrides with the same carboxylic acid part

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to new L-threonic acid derivatives which can be used as medicines, and in particular, it relates to L-threonic acid, a method for preparing the same and a pharmaceutical composition thereof, and L-threonic acid.
  • L-threonic acid is one of the main degradation products of vitamin C. Some functional effects of vitamin C are actually realized by its degradation products such as L-threonic acid. In turn, the existence of these degradation products is Influence on the biological function or metabolic mechanism of vitamin C.
  • L-threonate is a derivative of L-threonate.
  • it can also be used as a highly effective molecular calcium nutrition fortifier to prevent and treat various It is a disease caused by calcium deficiency; at the same time, it has been found that calcium L-threonate has obvious effects in anti-inflammatory and analgesic and lowering blood pressure.
  • other metal salt derivatives of L-threonic acid and their use as drugs and to treat diseases have not been reported.
  • Anemia is a common disease. There are many reasons for anemia, which are mainly: (1) a decrease in the volume or number of red blood cells in the blood; (2) a decrease in hemoglobin, such as chronic or acute blood loss or destruction of red blood cells due to exposure to hemolytic chemicals; (3) ) Reduced red blood cells produced, for example, anemia caused by a lack of bone marrow or nutrients such as B 12 and iron.
  • Iron deficiency anemia also known as nutritional anemia, is the most common type of anemia, which is caused by an increase in iron loss in the body and reduces iron storage, such as caused by growth, pregnancy, or other chronic blood loss. Body iron loss or lack of body iron due to insufficient daily intake of iron, etc.
  • Iron deficiency anemia is a worldwide nutrition problem. After suffering from IDA, even fortified foods with high iron content cannot replace the drug iron for treatment.
  • ferrous sulfate is the first choice because of its high efficacy, low price, and abundant drug sources, but its high side effects make the treatment of IDA by oral iron very limited, see China Pediatric Blood No. 1, 1996, pp. 24-26. Therefore, there is a need to provide an effective method for improving and treating iron deficiency anemia. Compounds and pharmaceutical compositions thereof.
  • hemorrhagic anemia refers to anemia caused by blood loss in the body, such as a woman's menstrual period or pregnancy.
  • hemolytic anemia Another type of anemia is hemolytic anemia.
  • the cause of hemolytic anemia is mainly due to the body's exposure to hemolytic chemicals such as sulfa and naphthalene, or the production of antibodies to cells due to medication, or the presence of genetically defective cells in the body.
  • the main method for treating hemolytic anemia is to remove the above-mentioned hemolytic substances and the like from the body. Therefore, there is a need to provide a compound for improving and treating hemolytic anemia and a pharmaceutical composition thereof. In particular, there is a need for a compound capable of simultaneously improving and treating nutritional anemia, hemorrhagic anemia, and hemolytic anemia, and a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a novel L-threonic acid derivative, especially L-threonic acid.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition for improving and treating anemia such as iron deficiency anemia, hemorrhagic anemia, and hemolytic anemia.
  • a further object is to provide a method for improving and treating such anemia.
  • the ferrous L-threonate of the present invention has a highly efficient absorption characteristic.
  • the state of the animal body is the same as the iron intake, the ratio of L-threonate digestion and absorption is higher.
  • Ferrous sulfate has high digestion and absorption, and is safe and non-toxic.
  • the ferrous L-threonate as an iron preparation has high absorption characteristics and slow-release function, and has obvious pharmacological effects on improving and treating diseases such as hemolytic anemia, hemorrhagic anemia, iron deficiency anemia, and hemoglobin, and is obviously superior to Ferrous gluconate and ferrous fumarate can be used as medicines and iron supplements to improve and treat anemia.
  • the present invention provides ferrous L-threonate and its hydrate having the following formula (I):
  • the ferrous L-threonate of the present invention has a left-handed optically active structure, is easily soluble in water, and is in solution.
  • the preparation method of the ferrous L-threonate according to the present invention is:
  • L-threonic acid or an inorganic salt of calcium L-threonate and divalent iron such as ferrous sulfate, ferrous chloride, and ferrous nitrate, wherein L-threonic acid can be obtained as vitamin C It can also be obtained from raw materials. Calcium L-threonate can also be obtained by directly replacing the calcium with weak acid.
  • the above-mentioned inorganic salt, oxide or hydroxide of divalent iron may be composed of an inorganic salt of trivalent iron such as iron nitrate, triferric acid, iron oxide or hydroxide such as iron hydroxide or other substances such as Obtained from ferric tetroxide.
  • a method for preparing ferrous L-threonate according to the present invention comprising:
  • L-threonic acid may be reacted with ferrous oxide, hydroxide or salt to form ferrous L-threonic acid.
  • the present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising ferrous L-threonate as an active ingredient.
  • the composition of ferrous L-threonate of the present invention may include other active substances and any pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and pharmaceutical excipients such as flavoring agents, excipients, vitamins and other pharmaceutical additives.
  • L - threonate compositions comprising ferrous L - threonate ferrous, vitamin C or ⁇ 12, wherein L - ferrous threonate is about 10% of the composition by weight - A 90% It is preferably about 30-80%, more preferably 40-60% such as 50%.
  • “Pharmaceutically acceptable” means those whose properties and / or substances are acceptable to the patient from a pharmacological point of view, and that the composition, formulation, stability, bioavailability is acceptable to the pharmacist who makes the drug of.
  • the ferrous L-threonate of the present invention can be made into any pharmaceutical dosage form.
  • suitable dosage forms include, for example, tablets, capsules, suppositories, solutions, suspensions, syrups, emulsions, gels, ointments, lyophilized powders, pills, films, liposomes, dispersible powders or Solution for injection.
  • Solid dosage forms such as tablets are preferred.
  • the active substance L-ferrous threonate can be combined with known excipients such as inert diluents such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate and lactose, disintegrating agents such as corn starch, binders such as starch or gelatin, Lubricants such as magnesium stearate or talc, and substances which can produce a sustained-release effect such as carboxypolymethylene, carboxymethyl cellulose and the like are mixed to prepare tablets.
  • excipients such as inert diluents such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate and lactose, disintegrating agents such as corn starch, binders such as starch or gelatin, Lubricants such as magnesium stearate or talc, and substances which can produce a sustained-release effect such as carboxypolymethylene, carboxymethyl cellulose and the like are mixed to prepare tablets.
  • Sugar-coated tablets can be produced in a similar manner by coating cores made in the same manner as described above with substances commonly used for sugar-coated tablets such as shellac, Arabic, talc, titanium dioxide and sugar. To avoid incompatibilities, the core may also include multiple layers.
  • Solutions for injection can be produced in a general manner, for example, by adding a preservative such as a paraben or a stabilizer such as an alkali metal salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and then transferring it to an injection bottle.
  • a preservative such as a paraben or a stabilizer such as an alkali metal salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
  • compositions such as suppositories and the like can be prepared by methods known in the art.
  • ferrous L-threonate can also be used in the form of food additives, beverage additives, and flavor additives, such as being added to bread, eating through daily diet, and achieving the purpose of iron supplementation to improve and treat anemia.
  • anemia such as nutritional anemia, hemorrhagic anemia, and hemolytic anemia using L-threonate.
  • a method for improving and treating anemia according to the present invention includes administering a certain amount of ferrous L-threonate to the subject.
  • the method for improving and treating anemia of the present invention can be applied to animals, such as mammals such as cattle, horses, and sheep, and is particularly suitable for improving and treating anemia in humans, such as children, women, or the elderly. This is especially true for people with a high incidence of anemia, such as children and women.
  • Ferrous (I) threonate can be active by oral, parenteral administration such as injection or topical route.
  • the required therapeutic dose depends on the condition and the mode of administration used.
  • the precise amount to be administered may also vary depending on the specific circumstances, such as the degree of anemia, the age and weight of the patient, for example, for children, the dosage should be reduced as appropriate.
  • the amount of ferrous L-threonate is generally 10mg-lg / day / adult, preferably 20mg-800mg / day / adult, preferably 30-500 mg / day / adult such as 30mg 250 mg or 400 mg, more preferably 50-200 mg / day / adult such as 60 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg.
  • the method for treating anemia of animals, especially mammals other than humans, according to the present invention The amount of ferrous L-threonate can be determined experimentally depending on the animal.
  • the method for improving the treatment of anemia of the present invention can treat iron deficiency anemia and hemorrhagic anemia, such as body iron loss caused by growing period, pregnancy, menstruation or other chronic blood loss, or body iron caused by insufficient daily intake of iron. Anemia due to deficiency.
  • the method for treating anemia of the present invention can treat hemolytic anemia, such as anemia caused by reduction of hemoglobin due to destruction of red blood cells due to exposure to hemolytic chemicals.
  • the invention also relates to the use of ferrous L-threonate as an adjuvant in the treatment of diseases such as systemic dysfunction caused by iron deficiency.
  • the toxicity of ferrous L-threonate was evaluated using the method of GB15193.4-94 Horne's method.
  • the LD50 of the rats is: 3.16g / kg for females and 3.69g for males. This indicates that L-threonate is practically non-toxic.
  • the Ames test was performed, indicating that L-threonic acid
  • the results of ferrous iron by Ames test, bone marrow micronucleus test, and mouse testicular chromosome aberration test were all negative. No rat fetal L-threonate had embryo toxicity and teratogenic effects.
  • male rats are used to study the digestion and absorption of ferrous L-threonate. For details, see Experiment 1.
  • the present invention has also studied the efficacy of L-threonate on hemolytic anemia rats, nutritional anemia rats, and hemorrhagic anemia rats. For details, see Experiment 2.
  • the present invention has also conducted clinical studies on the improvement of nutritional anemia by L-threonate. For details, see Experiment 3. Experiment 1. Study on the digestion and absorption of L-threonate
  • ferrous L-threonate provided by Beijing Juneng Life Science Research Center was used.
  • the molecular formula is Fe (C 4 H 7 0 5 ) 2 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 2 0, molecular weight: 362, iron-containing 15. 47%, Soluble in water, yellow-green powder, no odor.
  • the experimental animals used healthy male Wistra rats provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Heilongjiang Cancer Institute, weighing 140-180g.
  • Iron sulphate (positive control) group Fe, 2.5 mg / kg, iron sulphate 12.43 mg / kg; negative control (low iron feed) group: Fe, Q. 9 mg / kg (in the measured feed) Iron content)
  • the 3 day feces were collected, dried at 80-90 ° C, weighed, and pulverized over 40-60 mesh, 0.5-0.6 g was taken, and digested with 4: 1 nitric acid: perchloric acid. To the end, the volume was set at 10 ml, and the iron content was measured by atomic absorption method. Then calculate the average iron digestion and absorption rate (%) of each animal and each group of animals according to the following formula:
  • Negative control (low iron feed) 1 0 0. 9 55. 50 ⁇ 1. 85 group
  • Drug L-ferrous threonate is the same as experiment one; Active ingredients of ferrous gluconate: 11% iron content, yellow-green powder, easily soluble in water, sealed and stored at normal temperature, provided by Jiangxi Ganjiang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd .; rich Iron content of ferrous maleate is 6.4%, provided by Shanghai No. 18 Pharmaceutical Factory. The above drugs were diluted with distilled water at the experimentally administered dose.
  • Wi s tar rats male, weighing 250 to 10 g, were provided by the Animal Center of Beijing Medical University. Animals ate a normal water diet, and feed was purchased from the Animal Center of Beijing Medical University.
  • Acetylphenylhydrazine (CJi! 0). Acetylhydrazine was purchased from Beijing Biochemical Reagent Company and produced by Beijing Fuxing Chemical Plant. Dosage: Prior to the experiment, each rat was subcutaneously injected with a 4% acetophenazine physiological saline solution 57 g / g, and the hemoglobin content in the blood was checked on the 2nd and 4th days after the injection, until the peripheral hemoglobin decreased to 6. 11 0.25. At %%, anemia model animals were divided into high-dose group, medium-dose group, low-dose group, known drug control group, model animal control group, and normal animal control group, with 18 rats in each group.
  • Hemoglobin was measured every 7 days in 8 groups of animals. After 4 weeks of feeding, the hemoglobin of the iron-deficiency anemia group decreased to 7.51 ⁇ 0.17g, and one group of model animals and one group of normal control animals were taken from each group. Ten blood samples were taken for experimental observation index determination, and served as a control for animal observation indexes before taking the medicine. The remaining 5 groups of iron-deficiency model animals and 1 group of normal controls were treated with L-threonate to treat iron-deficiency anemia in rats. The two model animals were kept in an animal breeding room with an indoor temperature of 23 ° C, an average humidity of 60%, and a light time of 10 hours.
  • the remaining 6 groups of animals were randomly divided according to the experimental design into a high-dose L-threonate group, a medium-dose group, a low-dose group, a known drug, ferrous gluconate group, ferrous fumarate group, and model control group.
  • Group of 15 rats Five rats were sacrificed in each experimental group 12 days after the administration, and 10 rats were sacrificed in each group 18 days after the administration, and various indexes were measured. Changes in hemoglobin content were monitored every 6 days during the experiment.
  • the actual amount of ferrous iron taken by the rats in each group was: 17.28 mg Fe / kg in the high-dose group; 8.61 ⁇ 2 g Fe / kg in the medium-dose group; 4, 32 mg Fe / kg in the low-dose group; 8.64 mg Fe / kg in the positive drug group.
  • the animals in each group of iron-deficiency anemia continued to take low-iron feed and deionized water feed while taking the medicine, and the normal animal control group used normal feed and tap water feed.
  • the hemolytic anemia rats were taken for 2 weeks, and the changes of whole blood iron content and serum ferritin content were observed, as shown in Table 5.
  • Rat hemoglobin (Hb) depletion test (making of a rat model of iron deficiency anemia)
  • the test was performed for 28 days.
  • the changes of hemoglobin in each group are shown in Table 6-7.
  • n 10 groups RBC (X10 12 / L) reticulocyte whole blood iron content serum ferritin
  • L-threonate medium dose group 7. 40 ⁇ 0. 54 8. 35 ⁇ 0. 21 10. 67 ⁇ 0. 37 12. 14 + 0. 27
  • L-threonate low-dose group 7.61 + 0. 53 8. 00 ⁇ 0. 42 10. 20 ⁇ 0. 49 11. 26 ⁇ 0. 79 ferrous gluconate group 7, 50 + 0. 76 7. 95 ⁇ 0. 30 1 0. 50 ⁇ 0. 61 11. 80 ⁇ 0. 63 Ferrous fumarate group 1, .43 ⁇ 0. 85 7. 80 ⁇ 0. 24 10. 12 + 0. 52 11. 84 ⁇ 0. 45 Model control group 7. 51 ⁇ 0. 63 7. 42 ⁇ 0. 26 9. 03 ⁇ 0. 56 10. 39 ⁇ 0.
  • Test methods For children with nutritional anemia before and after the experiment, 10 ⁇ 1 of ear blood was collected, 5 ml of arm veins (3 ml non-anticoagulant, 2 ml anticoagulant), and the following indicators were measured.
  • Hb The cyanide methemoglobin method was used. Take 10 ⁇ 1 ear blood, add -Add 5ml of acidified diluent, mix well, and measure with SH hemoglobin meter.
  • the ferritinated hemoglobin standard is provided by Shanghai Medical Laboratory, and the SH hemoglobin meter is produced by Jiangsu Huguang Instrument Factory.
  • FEP free protoporphyrin
  • PCV is hematocrit
  • SF kit was provided by Tianjin Jiuding Biological Engineering Co., Ltd. Centrifuge 2ml whole blood, take the supernatant, add samples according to the procedure required by the kit, and measure with SN-682 radioimmuno ⁇ counter.
  • the instrument is produced by the Rihuan Instrument Factory of the Shanghai Institute of Medical Nuclear Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
  • Hb reached normal standard (Hb> 120g / L), increased by 10g / L, other biochemical indicators improved.

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Description

- -
L -苏糖酸亚铁、 其药用组合物以及
在改善和治疗人体贫血中的应用 发明所属的技术领域
本发明涉及新的可作为药物应用的 L -苏糖酸衍生物, 具体地说, 涉 及的是 L -苏糖酸亚铁, 其制备方法及其药用组合物, 以及 L -苏糖酸亚 铁在制备补铁剂药物和改善和治疗贫血,特别是营养性贫血、 失血性贫血和 溶血性贫血中的应用。 发明的背景技术
L -苏糖酸是维生素 C的主要降解产物之一,维生素 C的某些功能作用 事实上是由其降解产物如 L -苏糖酸等来具体实现的, 反过来, 这些降解 产物的存在又对维生素 C的生物功能或代谢机理发挥影响。
L -苏糖酸钙是 L -苏糖酸的一种衍生物,其除了能够促进动物淋巴细 胞对维生素 C 的吸收, 还可以作为一种高效的分子型钙营养强化剂用于预 防和治疗各种因缺钙引起的疾病; 同时, 还发现 L -苏糖酸钙在消炎止痛 和降血压等方面有着明显的疗效。 但是, L -苏糖酸的其他金属盐衍生物 及其作为药物和治疗疾病的应用尚未见报导。
贫血是一种常见的疾病。 造成贫血的原因有很多, 其主要为: ( 1 )血 液中红细胞体积或数量的减少; ( 2 )血红蛋白减少, 如慢性或急性失血或 由于暴露于溶血性化学物质而使红细胞受到破坏; ( 3 )生成的红细胞的减 少, 例如, 由于缺少骨髓或营养性物质如 B12和铁而引起的贫血。
缺铁性贫血(IDA) , 也称作营养性贫血, 是最常见的一种贫血, 其产生 的原因是身体铁损失增加而使铁储存量降低, 如生长期、 妊娠期或其它慢 性失血引起的身体铁损失或由于日常摄取铁量等不足而引起的身体铁的缺 乏。
缺铁性贫血是世界性的营养问题。 在患有 IDA后, 即便是用铁含量较 高的强化食物也不能代替药物铁来进行治疗。 在各种用来治疗缺铁性贫血 的药物中, 硫酸亚铁因疗效高、 价格低、 药源丰富而列首选, 但其副作用 高, 从而使口服铁剂治疗 IDA受到很大限制, 见中国小儿血液 1996年第 1 期第 24 - 26 页。 因此, 需要提供一种能有效地改善和治疗缺铁性贫血的 化合物及其药物组合物。
另一类常见的贫血为失血性贫血, 指由于身体失血, 例如妇女月经期 或妊娠期失血造成的贫血。
另一类贫血为溶血性贫血。 造成溶血性贫血的原因主要是由于身体暴 露于溶血性化学物质如磺胺、 萘等物质, 或者由于用药而对细胞产生抗体, 或者由于身体存在遗传性缺陷细胞。 治疗溶血性贫血的方法主要是从身体 除去上述溶血性物质等。 因此, 需要提供一种改善和治疗溶血性贫血的化 合物及其药物组合物。 特别是需要一种能同时改善和治疗营养性贫血、 失 血性贫血和溶血性贫血的化合物及其药物组合物。
发明目的
本发明的目的是提供一种新的 L -苏糖酸衍生物, 特别是 L -苏糖酸 亚铁。
本发明另一目的是提供一种改善和治疗贫血如缺铁性贫血、 失血性贫 血和溶血性贫血的药物组合物。
进一步的目的是提供一种改善和治疗这类贫血的方法。 发明的有益效果
本发明的 L -苏糖酸亚铁与已知的铁制剂如硫酸亚铁相比具有高效吸 收特点, 在动物机体状态与摄入铁量相同时, L -苏糖酸亚铁消化吸收率 比硫酸亚铁消化吸收率高, 并且安全无毒。 本发明 L -苏糖酸亚铁作为铁 制剂具有高效吸收特点和緩释功能对改善和治疗溶血性贫血、 失血性贫血 及缺铁性贫血、 低血色素等疾病具有明显药效作用, 并且明显优于葡萄糖 酸亚铁和富马酸亚铁, 因此可以用作改善和治疗贫血的药物和补铁剂。 发明详述
本发明提供了结构如下式( I ) 的 L -苏糖酸亚铁及其水合物:
Figure imgf000004_0001
本发明的 L -苏糖酸亚铁具有左旋光学活性结构, 易溶于水, 在溶液 _ _ 中主要以络合结构形式存在, 稳定性较高。
本发明的 L -苏糖酸亚铁的制备方法是:
1、 通过 L -苏糖酸和二价铁的氧化物如一氧化铁,或氢氧化物如氢氧 化亚铁进行中和反应得到;
2、 由 L -苏糖酸或 L -苏糖酸钙和二价铁的无机盐如硫酸亚铁、氯化 亚铁、 硝酸亚铁进行复分解反应得到, 其中 L -苏糖酸可以以维生 素 C为原料获得,也可以 L -苏糖酸鈣为原料直接由弱酸置换出其 中的钙得到。
上述二价铁的无机盐、 氧化物或氢氧化物可以由三价铁的无机盐如硝 酸铁、 三^ Τυ酸二铁, 氧化物如氧化铁或氢氧化物如氢氧化铁或其它物质如 四氧化三铁得到。
根据本发明的制备 L -苏糖酸亚铁的方法, 其包括:
( 1 ) 在 ρΗ为 6 - 10, 优选 7 - 9下, 用氧化剂如过氧化氢水溶液 对维生素 C进行氧化, 得到 L -苏糖酸溶液;
( 2 ) 在氮气气氛下, 使上述 L -苏糖酸溶液与亚铁的氧化物、 氢氧 化物或盐, 得到 L -苏糖酸亚铁。
在上述的方法中, 也可由市购的 L -苏糖酸与亚铁的氧化物、 氢氧化 物或盐反应, 生成 L -苏糖酸亚铁。
本发明还涉及一种包含 L -苏糖酸亚铁作为活性成分的药物组合物。 本发明的 L -苏糖酸亚铁的组合物中, 可以包括其它活性物质和任何 一种药物可接受的载体, 药用辅料如香味剂、 赋形剂、 维生素等药物添加 剂。 优选, 本发明中的 L -苏糖酸亚铁组合物包括 L -苏糖酸亚铁、 维生 素 C或 Β12 , 其中 L -苏糖酸亚铁为组合物重量的约 1 0 % - 90 %, 优选约 30 - 80 %, 更优选 40 - 60 %如 50 %。
"药物上可接受的"指那些从药物学观点来说对患者是可接受性质和 / 或物质, 而且对于制造药物的药剂师来说, 組合物、 制剂、 稳定性、 生物 利用度是可接受的。
本发明的 L -苏糖酸亚铁可以制成任何一种药物剂型。 合适的剂型包 括例如片剂、 胶嚢剂、 栓剂、 溶液剂、 悬浮剂、 糖浆、 乳剂、 凝胶剂、 软 膏剂、 冻干粉剂、 滴丸剂、 膜剂、 脂质体、 可分散的粉剂或注射用溶液。 优选采用固体剂量形式如片剂。 _ _
根据本发明, 可以将活性物质 L -苏糖酸亚铁与已知的赋形剂例如惰 性稀释剂如碳酸钙、 磷酸钙和乳糖, 崩解剂如玉米淀粉, 粘结剂 如淀粉或 明胶, 润滑剂如硬脂酸镁或滑石, 以及可产生緩释作用的物质如羧基聚亚 曱基、 羧曱基纤维素等混合而制备片剂。
糖衣片剂可按类似的方法生产采用通常用于糖衣片的物质如虫胶、 阿 拉伯胶、 滑石、 二氧化钛和糖包覆按上述片剂相同方式制成的剂芯。 为了 避免不相容性, 剂芯也可包括多层。
注射用溶液可用通用的方式生产, 例如添加防腐剂如对羟基苯曱酸酯 或稳定剂如乙二胺四乙酸的碱金属盐, 然后移至注射瓶中。
本发明的其它形成的药物组合物如栓剂乳剂等可采用现有技术的已知 的方法制备。
根据本发明, L -苏糖酸亚铁还可以以食品添加剂、 饮料添加剂和调 味品添加剂的形式使用, 如加入到面包中, 通过日常饮食摄食, 达到补铁 从而改善和治疗贫血的目的。
根据本发明, 提供了一种采用 L -苏糖酸亚铁改善和治疗贫血如营养 性贫血、 失血性贫血和溶血性贫血的方法。
根据本发明改善和治疗贫血的方法,其包括给上述对象服用一定量的 L -苏糖酸亚铁。
本发明所述改善和治疗贫血方法, 可以适用动物, 如哺乳动物如牛、 马、 羊, 特别适于改善和治疗人体的贫血, 如儿童、 妇女或老年人。 特别 是贫血发病率较高的人群如儿童、 妇女。
L -苏糖酸亚铁(I)可按口服、 非肠道给药如注射或局部途径给均具有 活性。
根据本发明的方法, 所需的治疗剂量根据病情及所采用的给药方式而 定。 给药的精确量还可以随具体情况而变化, 如贫血的程度、 患者的年龄、 体重等, 例如对于儿童, 其用量应当酌减。
对于片剂和其它固体药物形式, L -苏糖酸亚铁的用量, 一般为 10mg - l g/天 /成人, 优选 20mg - 800mg/天 /成人, 优选为 30 - 500 mg/天 /成 人如 30mg 、 250 mg或 400 mg ,更优选为 50-200 mg/天 /成人如 60 mg 、 100 mg、 150 mg。
本发明的治疗动物, 特别是除人以外的哺乳动物的贫血的方法中所用 - - 的 L -苏糖酸亚铁的量, 依据不同的动物, 可以通过实验来确定。
本发明的改善治疗贫血的方法可以治疗缺铁性贫血和失血性贫血, 例 如生长期、 妊娠期、 月经期或其它慢性失血引起的身体铁损失或由于日常 摄取铁量不足而引起的身体铁的缺乏而产生的贫血。
本发明的治疗贫血的方法可以治疗溶血性的贫血, 如由于暴露于溶血 性化学物质使红细胞受到破坏而造成血红蛋白减少引起的贫血。
本发明还涉及 L -苏糖酸亚铁在治疗缺铁造成的系统功能紊乱等疾病 中用作辅助药物。
本发明按食品安全毒理学评价程序, 采用 GB15193.4 - 94霍恩氏法对 L -苏糖酸亚铁的毒性进行了评价, 大鼠 LD50 为: 雌鼠 3.16g/kg , 雄鼠 3.69g/kg; 这表明 L -苏糖酸亚铁属于实际无毒。
本发明按照 GB15193.4 - 94 、 GB15193.5 - 94 、 GB15198.4 - 94 、 GB15193.14 - 94分别进行了 Ames试验、 骨髓微核试验、 小鼠睾丸染色体 畸变试验, 表明 L -苏糖酸亚铁经 Ames试验、 骨髓微核试验、 小鼠睾丸染 色体畸变试验结果均为阴性反应, 大鼠口服 L -苏糖酸亚铁未见有胚胎毒 性和致畸作用。
本发明利用雄鼠对 L -苏糖酸亚铁消化吸收进行了研究。 具体内容见 实验一。
本发明还对 L -苏糖酸亚铁对溶血性贫血大鼠、 营养性贫血大鼠和失 血性贫血大鼠药效进行了研究。 具体内容见实验二。
本发明还对 L -苏糖酸亚铁改善营养性贫血进行了临床研究。 具体内 容见实验三 实验一、 L -苏糖酸亚铁消化吸收的研究
在本实验中采用北京巨能生命科学研究中心提供的 L -苏糖酸亚铁, 分子式: Fe (C4H705) 2 · 2Η20 , 分子量: 362 , 含铁 15. 47 % , 易溶于水, 黄绿色粉末, 无异味。 实验动物选用黑龙江省肿瘤研究所实验动物中心提 供的健康雄性 Wi s t ra大鼠, 体重 140 - 180g。
一、 试验方法:
(1)样品试验剂量与动物分组: 动物随机分 5组, 每组 1 0只, 各组动 物在喂低铁饲料 (含铁 0. 9mg/kg)的基础上, 按下列设计的剂量灌胃。 高剂量组 Fe, 5mg/kg, L -苏糖酸亚铁 32. 32mg/kg;
中剂量组 Fe, 2. 5mg/kg, L -苏糖酸亚铁 16. 16mg/kg;
低剂量组 Fe, 1. Omg/kg, L -苏糖酸亚铁 6. 46mg/kg;
石克酸亚铁(阳性对照)组: Fe, 2. 5mg/kg , 石克酸亚铁 12. 43mg/kg ; 阴性对照(低铁饲料)组: Fe, Q. 9mg/kg (实测饲料中含铁量)
(2)试验步骤: 首先将动物在实验室适应环境一周, 喂饲普通饲料。 然 后改喂按 A0AC配方配制的低铁合成饲料(含 Fe O. 9mg/kg)至两周时,再将各 组动物在继续喂低铁饲料的基础上, 按上述分组剂量, 采用灌胃方式给予 动物样品, 阳性对照组给予硫酸亚铁, 阴性对照组给予等量的 3 %淀粉悬 液灌胃。 纪录各组动物的给食量和撒食量, 自由饮用去离子水。 如此进行 3 日代谢试验, 收集 3日粪便, 80 - 90 °C烘干、 称重、 粉碎过 40 - 60目, 取 0. 5 - 0. 6g, 用 4 : 1的硝酸: 高氯酸消化至终点, 定容 10ml , 利用 原子吸收法测定铁含量。 然后按下列公式计算每只动物及各组动物平均对 铁的消化吸收率(%) :
摄入铁量-粪铁量
消化吸收率(% ) = X 1 00
摄入铁量
二、 试验结果:
1. 将各组动物 3日代谢试验消化吸收率测定结果于表 1所示:
表 1、 消化吸收率
动物数(只) 铁剂量, mg/kg 消化吸收率(%) 高剂量组 10 5 42. 60 土 1. 79! 中剂量组 10 2. 5 54. 90 ± 4. 08' 低剂量组 10 1 59. 10 士 5. 01' 硫酸亚铁(阳性对照) 10 2. 5 42. 00 士 1. 02:
阴性对照(低铁饲料) 1 0 0. 9 55. 50 ± 1. 85 组
上述结果表明 L -苏糖酸亚铁消化吸收率比硫酸亚铁消化吸收率高, 差异极显著(P < 0. 01), 动物对 L -苏糖酸亚铁比硫酸亚铁更容易消化吸 收。
实验二 L -苏糖酸亚铁对溶血性贫血大鼠、 缺铁性贫血大鼠和失血性 — —
―贫血大鼠药效实验研究
1. 药物 L -苏糖酸亚铁同实验一; 葡萄糖酸亚铁有效成分: 含铁量 11 % , 黄绿色粉剂, 易溶于水, 常温下密封保存, 江西赣江制药有限公司提 供; 富马酸亚铁含铁量 6. 4%, 上海第十八制药厂提供。 按实验给药剂量将 上述药物用蒸溜水稀释。
2.实验动物与分组
( 1 )溶血性贫血动物模型制作及方法:
Wi s tar大鼠, 雄性, 体重 250 土 10g , 由北京医科大学动物中心提供。 动物正常饮水饮食, 饲料购自北京医科大学动物中心。
采用皮下注射乙酰苯肼(Acetylphenylhydraz ine ; CJi! 0)方法制作 溶血性贫血动物模型。 乙酰苯肼购自北京市生化试剂公司, 由北京福星化 工厂生产。 用药剂量: 于实验前各大鼠皮下注射 4 %乙酰苯肼生理盐水溶 液 57 g/g , 于注射后 2 、 4天查血液中血色素含量, 至外周血血色素降 至 6. 11 士 0. 25g %时, 将贫血模型动物按实验目的分为高剂量组、 中剂量 组、 低剂量组, 已知药对照组, 模型动物对照组及正常动物对照组, 每组 18只大鼠。
(2) 缺铁性贫血动物模型制作及分组:
Wi s tar大鼠 80只, 雄性, 体重 43 ± 2. 5g, 由北京医科大学动物中心 提供, 按实验设计随机分为 8组, 其中缺铁性贫血模型动物 6组, 正常对 照动物 1组, 每组 10只, 按缺铁性贫血动物模型进行饲养。 按 A0AC标准 自制低铁饲料, 饲料含铁量 8. Omg/kg , 6组动物用低铁饲料和离子水进行 喂养 4周, 制作大鼠缺铁性贫血动物模型, 2组正常对照动物喂养正常大 鼠饲料。 饲料购自北京医科大学动物中心。
8组动物每 7天测血红蛋白一次, 至喂养 4周后, 其缺铁性贫血动物组 血色素降至 7. 51 士 0. 17g时, 各取一组模型动物及一组正常对照动物, 每 组 10只, 取血进行实验观察指标测定, 作为服药前动物观察指标对照。 其 余 5组缺铁模型动物和 1组正常对照组进行 L -苏糖酸亚铁治疗大鼠缺铁 性贫血实验。 两种模型动物饲养于室内温度 23 °C , 平均湿度 60 % , 光照 时间 10小时动物饲养室。
( 3 ) 失血性贫血模型的制作
3.失血性贫血动物模型制作及分组
Wi s tar大鼠 120只, 雄性, 体重 130±8. 2g , 由北京医科大学实验动 - - 物中心提供。 按实验设计, 随机分为 8组, 其中失血性贫血模型动物 7组, 正常对照组动物 1组, 每组 15只, 失血性贫血组动物采用毛细玻璃管右眼 眶内眦放血方法, 第一次失血量 2. Oml/只, 失血后平均血色素降至 9.78- 10.65g%, 间隔两天, 第二次失血 2ml/只, 失血后平均血色素降至 7.40- 7.88g%, 两次失血总量为 4.0ml/只, 占有效循环血量(9%体重)的 32.9%左 右。 于失血性贫血模型制作后, 处死模型动物和正常对照组各一组, 每组 10只,取血进行实验观察指标测定,作为给药前动物观察指标对照。 其余 6 组动物按实验设计随机分为 L -苏糖酸亚铁高剂量组、 中剂量组、 低剂量 组, 已知药葡萄糖酸亚铁组, 富马酸亚铁组和模型对照组,每组 15只大鼠。 于给药后 12天, 各实验组处死 5只大鼠, 于给药后 18天各组处死 10只大 鼠, 进行各项指标测定。 实验期间每 6天监测血色素含量变化。
3.服药剂量及方法
各组大鼠实际服亚铁量为: 高剂量组 17.28mgFe/kg; 中剂量组 8.6½g Fe/kg; 低剂量组 4, 32mg Fe/kg; 阳性药组 8.64mg Fe/kg。 缺铁性贫血各 组动物于服药其间继续低铁饲料和去离子水饲料, 正常动物对照组用正常 饲料和自来水饲料。
4. 给药后各组大鼠观察时间点设置: 于制作贫血模型前, 贫血模型即 刻, 服药后一周, 二周, 三周, 分别检测贫血有关指标, 并观察服药期间 模型大鼠贫血恢复情况及死亡情况。 血清铁蛋白放免试剂药盒, 购自北方 同位素试剂公司。
下面是 L -苏糖酸亚铁对溶血性贫血大鼠药效实验结果
1. 溶血性贫血大鼠服药二周, 外周血血红蛋白, 红细胞计数及网织红 细胞计数变化观察, 见表 2 - 4 。
表 2、 各组贫血大鼠给药二周后, 血红蛋白含量变化比较(g %)
组别 贫血前 贫血后 服药 1周 服药 2周 高剂量组 14.9 6.18 11.95 14. 34 士 0.422 士 0.419 士 0.844 土 0.420 中剂量组 15. 01 5.87 11. 11 14. 04 士 0.421 士 0.590 土 0.633 ± 0.383 低剂量组 14.89 5.94 9.95 12.57 士 0.501 土 0.526 土 0.488 士 0.590 葡萄糖酸亚铁 15. 34 6.57 10.62 12.65 - - 土 1. 176 土 0. 272 士 0. 591 ± 0. 530 模型对照组 15. 03 6. 01 8. 14 10. 79
± 0. 352 土 0. 503 土 0. 530 ± 0. 364 正常对照组 14. 60 14. 23 14. 33 14. 21 士 0. 302 士 0. 434 ± 0. 526 ± 0. 354 表 3、 各组贫血大鼠服药后, 二周血液红细胞计数比较(X1012/L) 组别 贫血前 贫血后 服药 2周 高剂量组 7. 185 2. 310 5. 663
± 0. 292 土 0. 248 ' + 0. 236 ' 中剂量组 7. 238 2. 163 5. 376 士 0. 181 士 0. 422 ' 士 0. 273 ' 低剂量组 8. 290 3. 370 4. 863 士 0. 188 士 0 . 193 * 士 0. 136 * 葡萄糖酸亚铁 7. 215 2. 188 5. 011
± 0. 213 士 0. 201 ' 土 0. 337 ' 模型对照组 8. , 180 3. 323 3. 647 士 0. 277 土 0. 384 土 0. 293 正常对照组 7. . 160 7. 132 7. 202
+ : 0. 251 士 0. 324 土 0. 336 表 4 、 各组贫血大鼠服药后二周血液网织红细胞计数比较% 组别 计数细胞 贫血前 贫血后 服药 2周 高剂量组 1000 1. 193 94. 80 6. 11 土 0. 093 士 1. 183 士 1. 375 中剂量组 1000 1. 138 95. 35 7. 60
± 0. 198 土 1. 026 土 0. 551 低剂量组 1000 1. 298 95. 475 9. 35 土 0. 147 ± 1. 575 士 1. 089 葡萄糖酸亚铁 1000 1. 448 96. 00 9. 12 士 0. 139 士 2. 174 + 0. 966 模型对照组 1000 1. 135 97. 85 19. 21 士 0. 256 士 1. 790 士 3. 063 一 - 正常对照组 1000 1. 602 1. 734 1. 932
+ 0. 154 士 0. 253 土 0. 387 从表 2 - 4可见, 给药 2周后, 各补铁组, 外周血血红蛋白、 红细胞 计数均较服药前明显升高, 网织红细胞计数百分率明显降低, 其 L -苏糖 酸亚铁高、 中剂量组均值接近正常对照组前水平。 而空白对照组各值虽有 自然緩慢恢复迹象, 但与服药组相比, 恢复较慢。 对于相同的亚铁含量, L -苏糖酸亚铁组的效果明显好于葡萄糖酸亚铁组。
2. 溶血性贫血鼠服药 2周, 全血铁含量及血清铁蛋白含量变化观察, 见表 5 。
表 5、 各组贫血大鼠给药 2周后, 全血铁及血清铁蛋白含量比较 组别 全血铁含量 μ g/ml 血清铁蛋白 mg/ml 贫血前 361. 89 土 20. 841 157. 36 ± 12. 906 盆血后 178. 81 士 14. 849 63. 48 土 10. 704 高剂量 326. 95 土 26. 956 160. 30 ± 11. 620 中剂量 301. 89 土 19. 500 156. 92 士 16. 641 低剂量 283. 53 土 23. 051
葡萄糖酸亚铁组 286. 04 土 26. 797 134. 28 土 18. 872 模型对照组 198. 11 土 17. 122 91. 33 ± 6. 322 正常对照组 333. 11 + 17. 35 156. 51 土 12. 10
从表 5可见: 大鼠贫血模型制作后, 服用 L -苏糖酸亚铁后二周, 全 血铁含量及血清铁蛋白含量均有明显升高, 与对照组上述两项均值相比, 统计学差异显著, P<0. 01, 其中以服用 L -苏糖酸亚铁高剂量组和中剂量 组含量变化最为显著, 明显好于阳性药组。
下面是 L -苏糖酸亚铁对营养不良性贫血大鼠药效观察
1. 大鼠血红蛋白(Hb)耗竭试验(大鼠缺铁性贫血模型制作)
试验共进行 28天, 各组大鼠血红蛋白变化见表 6 - 7 。
表 6 各组大鼠 Hb耗竭试验结果 n = 10 (g % ) 组别 7天 14天 21天 28天 低铁饲料高剂量组 11. 19±0. 41 10. 28±0. 48 9. 03±0. 75 7. 82+0. 37 低铁饲料中剂量组 11. 33±0. 38 10. 14±0. 57 9. 06±0. 83 7. 51+0. 57 低铁饲料低剂量组 11. 18+0. 41 10. 82+0. 35 8. 45+0. 53 7. 36±0. 58 低铁饲料已知药组 10. 87+0. 45 10. 44±0. 48 8. 64+0. 39 7. 34±0. 46 - -
4氐铁饲料对照组 11· 35±0. 60 10. 08+0. 69 8. 74±0. 73 7. 53±0. 60 正常饲料对照组 11. 60±0. 46 12. 30±0. 42 12. 85+0. 57 13. 76±0. 30 表 7大鼠 Hb耗竭试验 28天, 正常饲料组和
低铁饲料组血液红细胞计数(RBC)网织红细胞
计数, 全血铁离子含量及血清铁蛋白测定结果 n = 10 组别 RBC (X1012/L) 网织红细胞 全血铁含量 血清铁蛋白
( % ) ( μ g/ml) (ng/ml) 正常饲料 6. 564 土 0. 46 3. 41 土 0. 32 313. 11 士 7. 35 156. 51 ± 12. 10 组
低铁饲料 2. 82 士 0. 41 11. 96 士 0. 88 168. 63 土 23. 21 79. 90 士 10. 72
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2.缺铁性贫血服药三周后外周血血色素, 红细胞计数, 网织红细胞计 数, 全血铁蛋白含量及血清蛋白含量变化观察, 见表 8 - 9 。 表 8、 各组大鼠服药三周, 血色素含量变化比较 n = 10 (g % ) 组别 服药 7天 服药 14天 服药 21天 正常对照组 13. 70 土 0. 32" 13. 84 士 0. 22" 13. 98 士 0. 39" 缺铁贫血对照组 7. 92 ± 0. 61 7. 77 土 0. 44 8. 31 土 0. 51 缺铁贫血高剂量组 10. 52 土 0. 49' 12. 23 士 0. 45" 13. 67 士 0. 41" 缺铁贫血中剂量组 10. 12 士 0. 66' 11. 46 土 0. 36* 12. 98 ± 0. 38" 缺铁贫血低剂量组 8. 74 土 0. 44 10. , 76 士 0. 37* 11. 87 土 0. 50" 缺铁贫血已知药组 9. 08 ± 0. 65 11. . 66 ± 0. 54* 12. 40 土 0. 58**
'P < 0. 05 "P < 0. 01
表 9、 各组大鼠服药 21天后, 血液红细胞计数, 网织红细胞计数,
全血铁量和血清蛋白含量变化比较 n = 10 组别 RBC (X1012/L) 网织细胞(%) 全血铁含量 血清铁蛋白
( μ g/ml) (ng/ml) 正常对照组 7. 197±0. 28 2. 30+0. 35 308. 54±17. 38 161. 62+7. 04 缺铁贫血对照组 3. 273±0. 23 12. 30±0. 87 200. 31±28. 78 74. 35±9. 93 缺铁贫血高剂量组 6. 564+0. 65 2. 29±0. 54 304. 37±14. 12 156. 00+9. 99 缺铁贫血中剂量组 6. 116+0. 21 2. 63±0. 76 302. 02+18. 92 139. 23±10. 22 - - 缺铁贫血低剂量组 5. 957±0. 44 4. 18±1. 12 290. 78±20. 1 3 119. 84±8. 96 缺铁贫血已知药组 6. 286±0. 36 2. 36±0. 79 297. 50+14. 83 1 35. 91+14. 01 由表 8可见: 服 L -苏糖酸亚铁各剂量组从服药 7天后缺铁性贫血大 鼠血色素开始恢复; 服药后 21天血色素均已达到或接近正常饲料对照组血 色素水平, P<0. 01 ,并优于已知药组。
由表 9还可见: 服药 21天后, 各组血液红细胞计数, 全血铁含量及血 清铁蛋白含量均值较缺铁贫血对照组有明显升高, 而血液网织红细胞则较 缺铁贫血对照组降低; 并且对于相同的亚铁含量, L -苏糖酸亚铁优于已 知的药物, 表明 L -苏糖酸亚铁对缺铁性贫血大鼠具有改善和治疗作用。
3、 失血性贫血大鼠, 给药 18天外周血血色素、 红细胞数、 网织红细 胞数、 血清铁蛋白含量及血清铁含量变化观察, 见表 1 0 - 12 。 表 10各组失血性贫血大鼠给药前后血色 ( g% ) 变化比较
组别 给药前 给药 6天 给药 12天 给药 18天
L-苏糖酸亚铁高剂量组 7. 88±0. 28 8. 70±0. 43 11. 01±0. 34 12. 40±0. 63
L-苏糖酸亚铁中剂量组 7. 40±0. 54 8. 35±0. 21 10. 67±0. 37 12. 14+0. 27
L-苏糖酸亚铁低剂量组 7. 61+0. 53 8. 00±0. 42 10. 20±0. 49 11. 26±0. 79 葡萄糖酸亚铁组 7, . 50+0. 76 7. 95±0. 30 1 0. 50±0. 61 11. 80±0. 63 富马酸亚铁组 1, . 43±0. 85 7. 80±0. 24 10. 12+0. 52 11. 84±0. 45 模型对照组 7 . 51±0. 63 7. 42±0. 26 9. 03±0. 56 10. 39±0. 46 表 11各组失血性贫血大鼠给药后, 外周血红细胞和网织红细胞变化比 n=10 红细胞数 1012/L 网织红细胞数 (%) 给药 12天 给药 18 给药 12天 给药 18天 失血贫血高剂量组 5. 67+0. 31 3 5. 84±0. 199 10. 04+0. 97 7. 84±0. 871 失血贫血中剂量组 4. 810+0. 178 5. 21±0. 194 12, 58+1. 54 8. 44±0. 753 失血贫血低剂量组 4. 242±0. 128 4. 76±0. 228 13. 12±1. 84 8. 91+1. 277 葡萄糖酸亚铁组 4. 488+0. 271 5. 14±0. 342 12. 66+2. 04 9. 04±0. 793 富马酸亚铁组 4. 200±0. 15 3 4. 94+0. 264 1 3. 80±1. 37 9. 99±0. 879 —
模型对照组 4. 046±Q. 147 4. 37±0. 310 16. 50±L 47 11. 58±1. 108 表 13 各组失血性贫血大鼠给药后,血清铁含量和铁蛋白含量变化比较 n=10 组别 血清铁含量 g/ml 血清铁蛋白含量 ng/ml
给药 12天 给药 18天 给药 12天 给药 18天 失血贫血高剂 5. 567±0. 490 8. 973+0. 952 92. 100±2. 071 160. 792±5. 162 量组
失血贫血中剂 5. 304±0. 594 8. 879±0, 890 82. 392±1. 432 152. 765±4. 556 量组
失血贫血低剂 4. 508±0. 235 6. 384±1. 188 72. 642±4. 978 124. 643+7. 734 量组
葡萄糖酸亚铁 5. 450+0. 376 7. 027+0. 799 80. 792+0. 722 148. , 840±8. 860 寸
富马酸亚铁组 4. 583+0. 794 6. 446±0. 745 76. 725 131. . 157±6. . 525 模型对照组 3. 358±0. 286 5. . 077±0. 937 54. 182±2. 903 92. 445±9. 424 从表 10 - 12可以看到, 在亚铁含量相同的情况下, L -苏糖酸亚铁 比葡萄糖酸亚铁和富马酸亚铁组对于治疗贫血具有更佳的药效作用。 实验三、 L -苏糖酸铁改善营养性贫血功能的临床的研究 L -苏糖酸铁, 由北京巨能公司提供。 该产品为白色片剂, 无异味。 其 主要营养成分为铁元素 7. 5mg/片和维生素 C30mg/片。
研究对象: 中国哈尔滨市 8 - 13岁学龄儿童。
测试方法: 实验前和实验后对营养性贫血患儿, 采耳血 10 μ 1 , 臂静 脉血 5ml (3ml不抗凝, 2ml抗凝), 并测下列各项指标。
①红细胞计数: 吸 10 μ 1全血, 加入 2ml稀释液中, 立即震荡, 充分 混匀, 用环棒沾取红细胞悬液一滴, 充入计数池内, 将计数板平放在显微 镜的载物台上, 低倍镜下计数。
②血红蛋白(Hb)测定: 采用氰化高铁血红蛋白法。 取 10 μ 1耳血, 加 - 入 5ml酸化稀释液中, 充分混勾, 以 SH血红蛋白仪测定。 高铁氰化血红蛋 白标准由上海市医学化验所提供, SH血红蛋白仪由江苏湖光仪器厂生产。
③红细胞内游离原卟啉(FEP)测定:取肝素抗凝全血 0. 05ml加入 3. 5ml 酸化无水乙醇中, 振荡 1 - 3分钟, 以 3000r/min离心, 以上清液于 930 荧光光度计进行荧光度测定(激发滤片 400nm, 发射滤片 600nm), 按下列公 式计算 FEP 。
Fu
FEP g/ L RBC) = 35 χ
PCV
注: 式中 Fu为荧光度
PCV为红细胞压积
④血清铁蛋白(SF)测定: 采用放射免疫竟争抑制法, SF试剂盒由天津 九鼎生物工程有限公司提供。 取 2ml 全血离心, 取上清, 按试剂盒要求程 序加样, 以 SN - 682放射免疫 γ计数器测定。 仪器由中科院上海医学原子 核研究所日环仪器厂生产。
工作步骤
①筛选: 以 WHO: INACG (国际营养性贫血咨询组) 1977的建议标准和 全国小儿营养性贫血防治研究协作建议诊断标准为依据, 其标准为 Hb<120g/L; FEP>500ug/L; SF<16ug/L; RBC<400万 /mm3 , 结合临床症状 及体症。 鉴别诊断为: 溶血性贫血, 再生障碍性贫血, 慢性失血性贫血, 白血病, β地中海贫血, 大细胞性贫血等。 从男生 300人和女生 274人, 分别筛选出 39名和 22名营养性贫血患儿( Hb < 120g/L )。
②干预试验: 营养性贫血患儿的主要症状体征为: 不爱活动, 注意力 不集中, 淡漠, 易睡, 食欲低下, 以及皮肤粘膜苍白等。 从 61名患儿中随 机选取 2 - 6年级贫血患儿 30名做观察组, 同时, 在另外一所条件相似的 小学(贫血检出率为 11. 2 % )选取 30名贫血患儿做为对照组。 对实验组(30 名)和对照组(30名)进行干预试验, 观察期限为 30天。 试验期间对儿童生 活、 膳食不加任何干预。
③ 实验组每人每天以温开水口服 2片上述 L -苏糖酸亚铁。对照组每 人每天服用外型相似的糖片安慰剂 2片, 经实测每片含铁 0· 03mg , V i t C
Omg 。 补铁的实验结果: 见表 13 - 14
表 13、 补铁前后实验组与对照组 Hb FEP的变化情况
组别 补铁前 (X ± SD) 补铁后(X ± SD)
Hb (g/L) FEP ( μ g/L) Hb (g/L) FEP ( μ g/L) 实验组 104.8 ± 6.1 669.1 ± 72.0 120.4 ± 11.2 445.1 ± 80.9 对照组 102.8 ± 6.7 754.5 ± 76.4 103.6 ± 9.1 748.9 ± 85.5 表 14、 补铁前后实验组与对照组 SF RBC的变化情况 组别 补铁前(X + SD) 补铁后 (X ± SD)
SF(u g/L) RBC (万 /mm3) SF(y g/L) RBC (万 /mm3) 实验组 12.45 ± 1.50 387 土 6.67
对照组 12.0 ± 0.9 377 ± 9.7
f
经均数 t检验表明, 实验组各项指标补铁前后的变化均达到了极显著 差异( P<0.01 ), 而对照组则未见显著性差异( P +1 +1〉0.05 ); 补铁前, 实验 组与对照组的各项指标之间没有显著性差异( P>0.05 ), 而补铁 30天后, 两组之间各项指标均达到了极显著性差异( P<0.01 )。
保健功效的判定
①显效: 临床症状体征消失或显著好转, Hb 达到正常标准(Hb > 120g/L),提高 10g/L , 其它生化指标有改善。
②有效: 临床症状体征有改善, 血红蛋白 Hb增加 5g/L以上, 其它生 化指标无不良改变。
③无效: 未达到上列 "有效" 标准者。
表 15、 补铁的保健功效
组别 显效 有效 无效 合计
例数(%) 例数(%) 例数(%) 例数(%) 实验组 17 (56.7 %) 7 (23.3 %) 6(20 %) 30 (100.0 %) 对照组 0 0 30 (100 %) 30 (100.0 %) 从表 15可看出, L -苏糖酸铁纠正营养性贫血的显效率为 56· 7 % , 有效 率为 23. 3 %, 累计有效率为 80 %
下面用实施例对本发明进行说明。 实施例一、 L -苏糖酸亚铁的制备
Figure imgf000018_0001
将 0. lmol维生素 C溶解于 500ml二次蒸馏水中, 以 0. lmol/L的 NaOH 调节溶液酸度为弱碱性(pH = 7 - 9) , 向溶液中滴加 30 %的过氧化氢水溶 液 40ml (0.35mol) , 充分搅拌并在 10 °C的温度下维持反应 2 Oh。 向体系中 加入活性碳并将体系温度升高至 80 °< 以彻底除去过量的过氧化氢, 将溶液 过滤, 当滤液冷却至室温后, 在氮气气氛下緩慢加入 0.15mol 硫酸亚铁 (FeSO, - 2H02)。 待全部硫酸亚铁加完并溶解后, 维持搅拌 2小时, 过滤, 将滤液进行减压浓缩, 浓缩液在静置中便析出淡绿色晶体。 将它在二次蒸 馏水中进行两次重结晶, 于室温下真空干燥器中干燥, 得到产物含两个结 晶水的 L -苏糖酸亚铁, C8H1401()Fe . 2Η20 , 元素分析结果(%): 计算值, C26.52 , Η5.01, Fel5.42; 实验值 C26.66 , H4.91, Fel5.23。 当在 60 °C温度下真空干燥后(10隱 Hg)得到含一个结晶水的 L -苏糖酸亚铁 C8HH010Fe · Η20 , 元素分析结果(%): 计算值, C27.91, H4.69, Fel6.23; 实验值 C 27.66 , H 4.94, Fel6.53。 当在 120 °C温度下真空干燥后(5mmHg) 得到无结晶水的 L -苏糖酸亚铁 CsH1401()Fe , 元素分析结果(%): 计算值, C29.45, H 4.33, Fe 17.13; 实验值 C 29.11, H 4.39, Fe 17.60。
实施例二、 L -苏糖酸亚铁片剂的制备
处方:
L -苏糖酸亚铁 48.5g
维生素 C 30g
Figure imgf000018_0002
香精
硬脂酸镁
经制粒、 干燥、 压片制成 1000片 L -苏糖酸亚铁片剂。

Claims

权利要求书
1. 下式 ( I ) L -苏糖酸亚铁及其水合物:
Figure imgf000019_0001
2.—种用于改善和治疗贫血的药物组合物, 其含有有效量的 L -苏糖 酸亚铁和药物上可接受的载体。
3.权利要求 1的药物组合物, 其中 L -苏糖酸亚铁量为组合物重量的 约 10 % - 90 % , 优选约 30 ― 80 % , 更优选 40 - 60 %如 50 %。
4. 权利要求 2或 3的组合物, 其中还包括维生素 C或 B12
5. 一种改善人体贫血功能、 预防和治疗营养性贫血、 失血性贫血和 / 或溶血性贫血的方法, 包括施用有效量的 L -苏糖酸亚铁。
6. 权利要求 5 的方法, 其中所述 L -苏糖酸亚铁的量对于成人为 0. 01-1克 /天; 优选为 0. 03-0. 5克 /天; 更优选为 0. 05-0. 2 克 /天。
7. L -苏糖酸亚铁的制备方法, 包括将 L -苏糖酸与二价铁的无机盐、 氧化物或氢氧化物进行中和反应得到或由 L -苏糖酸钙和二价铁的无机盐 进行复分解反应得到。
8. L -苏糖酸亚铁在制备用于改善和治疗贫血的药物中的应用。
9. L -苏糖酸亚铁在改善和治疗哺乳动物, 特别是人体贫血中的应用。
1 0. 用于改善和治疗贫血,特别是缺铁性贫血、失血性贫血和溶血性贫 血的 L -苏糖酸亚铁。
PCT/CN1998/000174 1997-08-29 1998-08-28 L-threonate ferreux, composition pharmaceutique le contenant et son utilisation pour reduire et traiter l'anemie chez l'homme WO1999011256A1 (fr)

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US09/486,569 US6313170B1 (en) 1997-08-29 1998-08-28 L-threonate ferrous, as well as pharmaceutical composition and use for improving and treating human anemia thereof
DE69832722T DE69832722T2 (de) 1997-08-29 1998-08-28 Eisen-l-threonat-,pharmazeutische zusammensetzungen und deren verwendung zur verbesserung und behandlung von anämie bei menschen
KR1020007002104A KR100615537B1 (ko) 1997-08-29 1998-08-28 제 1철 l-트레오네이트, 그 약학 조성물 및 인간의 빈혈을 개선 및 치료하기 위해 이를 사용하는 방법
AU88512/98A AU8851298A (en) 1997-08-29 1998-08-28 L-threonate ferrous, as well as pharmaceutical composition and use for improvingand treating human anemia thereof
JP2000508359A JP2001514219A (ja) 1997-08-29 1998-08-28 L−トレオン酸第1鉄、その医療組成物及び人間の貧血疾患を改善及び治療するためのその使用
EP98940049A EP1038524B1 (en) 1997-08-29 1998-08-28 L-threonate ferrous, as well as pharmaceutical composition and use for improving and treating human anemia thereof
HK01102229A HK1032534A1 (en) 1997-08-29 2001-03-27 L-threonate ferrous, as well as pharmaceutical composition and use for improving and treating human anemia thereof

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CN97116835A CN1053653C (zh) 1997-08-29 1997-08-29 新l-苏糖酸衍生物
CN97116835.0 1997-08-29

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EP2139466B1 (en) * 2007-03-22 2019-10-23 Neurocentria, Inc. Magnesium compositions and uses thereof
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AU8851298A (en) 1999-03-22
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