WO1999009265A1 - Appareil de decharge d'eau de lavage - Google Patents

Appareil de decharge d'eau de lavage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999009265A1
WO1999009265A1 PCT/JP1998/003633 JP9803633W WO9909265A1 WO 1999009265 A1 WO1999009265 A1 WO 1999009265A1 JP 9803633 W JP9803633 W JP 9803633W WO 9909265 A1 WO9909265 A1 WO 9909265A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
bubble
cleaning
cleaning water
washing water
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP1998/003633
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Noboru Shinbara
Takahiro Ohasi
Kiyoshi Fujino
Hiroshi Okano
Hisato Haraga
Yuji Tsukita
Hironori Hatono
Koichi Maruyama
Minoru Satoh
Minoru Takashio
Minoru Koshoji
Original Assignee
Toto Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toto Ltd. filed Critical Toto Ltd.
Priority to JP2000509911A priority Critical patent/JP3702787B2/ja
Priority to EP98937832A priority patent/EP1036889A4/fr
Priority to KR1020007001545A priority patent/KR20010022937A/ko
Priority to AU86493/98A priority patent/AU8649398A/en
Publication of WO1999009265A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999009265A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03D—WATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
    • E03D9/00—Sanitary or other accessories for lavatories ; Devices for cleaning or disinfecting the toilet room or the toilet bowl; Devices for eliminating smells
    • E03D9/08—Devices in the bowl producing upwardly-directed sprays; Modifications of the bowl for use with such devices ; Bidets; Combinations of bowls with urinals or bidets; Hot-air or other devices mounted in or on the bowl, urinal or bidet for cleaning or disinfecting
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03C—DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
    • E03C1/00—Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks
    • E03C1/02—Plumbing installations for fresh water
    • E03C1/08—Jet regulators or jet guides, e.g. anti-splash devices
    • E03C1/084—Jet regulators with aerating means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cleaning water discharge device.
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. Sho 56-73038 and Hei 5-3337 the washing water discharge means, the water supply means for supplying the wash water to the wash water discharge means, and the washing water flow path
  • an apparatus for cleaning a human body local part which includes a bubble mixing means for mixing bubbles into cleaning water, discharges cleaning water containing bubbles to increase the cleaning power of the cleaning water, or gives a soft cleaning feeling.
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-183391 discloses a human body washing apparatus in which a large amount of air is mixed into washing water to increase the jetting speed of the washing water, thereby achieving a great saving of water.
  • JP-A-56-73038 and JP-A-5-33737 actually contains a large amount of bubbles in the jet of cleaning water that has reached the surface to be cleaned. It was not a guarantee.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides a cleaning water discharge device that can make a jet of cleaning water containing a large amount of air bubbles reach a surface to be cleaned, and that can realize significant water saving. With the goal.
  • a washing water discharge unit a water supply unit for supplying washing water to the washing water discharge unit, and a bubble mixing unit for mixing bubbles into the cleaning water flowing through the cleaning water flow path.
  • the present invention provides a cleaning water discharge device characterized by discharging a bubble flow in which a large amount of fine bubbles are dispersed in cleaning water.
  • the flow pattern of the gas-liquid two-phase flow flowing through the washing water flow path is the same as that of the columnar air layer and columnar liquid layer as shown in Fig. 1 (b).
  • a slag flow in which the shape of the air layer and liquid layer of the slag flow collapsed as shown in Fig. 1 (c), and a mist-like flow as shown in Fig. 1 (d)
  • the washing water layer is likely to form an annular spray flow that surrounds the periphery of the columnar air layer containing water droplets.
  • the column-shaped air layer extends almost continuously to the cleaning water discharge port at the end of the cleaning water flow path, so most of the air mixed into the cleaning water is mixed with the cleaning water. Discharge through a columnar air flow path without mixing. As a result, even if a large amount of air is mixed into the washing water, the air only passes through the pillar-shaped air flow path at a high speed, and the flow rate of the washing water cannot be increased significantly. It cannot be realized.
  • the bubble flow When the bubble flow is discharged from the washing water nozzle, the bubbles dispersed in the washing water do not disperse into the atmosphere, so a large amount of bubbles remain in the washing water colliding with the surface to be washed, and the washing power of the washing water is increased. Alternatively, a soft washing feeling can be obtained.
  • the air mixed with the cleaning water mixes with the cleaning water and moves together with the cleaning water, so that the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the cleaning water flow path increases by the flow rate of the mixed air, and the cleaning water is increased.
  • Flow velocity increases. Therefore, the flow pattern of gas-liquid two-phase flow in the washing water flow path If is a bubble flow, a large amount of air can be mixed into the washing water, and the flow rate of the washing water can be greatly increased, so that significant water saving can be achieved.
  • Equation 1 The average value P s of the pressure generated on the surface to be cleaned when the jet of the cleaning water collides with the surface to be cleaned is expressed by Equation 1.
  • Equation 1 (S i / S s) can be regarded as substantially constant unless the type, temperature, S i, etc. of the washing water change extremely. Therefore, Equation 1 can be transformed into Equation 2.
  • p G density of the gas in the bubbles p L is the density of washing water containing no bubbles
  • Q C is the volumetric flow rate of the gas in the bubbles
  • the volumetric flow rate of wash water containing no bubbles ? ? Is the Q C QL, which is the ratio between the volume flow rate of the gas that forms the bubbles and the volume flow rate of the wash water that does not contain the bubbles, that is, the gas-liquid ratio.
  • the gas-liquid ratio will be even larger, but if the gas-liquid ratio is too large, the bubbles will coalesce and become larger in diameter, and can remain in the jet. The possibility of disappearing Therefore, the gas-liquid ratio cannot be made too large. Therefore to have you in the middle of the equation of the above equation, it is considered a P G can be ignored with respect to PL. As a result, the lower equation (3) is obtained from the upper equation (middle equation).
  • Equation 2 P s when the jet of the bubble flow collides with the surface to be cleaned is obtained. Substitute Equation 3 into Equation 2.
  • Equation 5 if the flow rate of the washing water containing no bubbles is constant, as the gas-liquid ratio 7? Increases, that is, as the amount of mixed gas increases, the jet of the bubble flow collides with the surface to be cleaned. It can be seen that the average pressure P s generated on the surface to be cleaned increases, and consequently the cleaning power increases.
  • Figure 3 shows the correlation ⁇ and obtained from experiments conducted with tap water Q L certain conditions. From Figure 3, ⁇ and? Correlation with 7 and experimentally obtained ⁇ and? ? It can be seen that the correlations with are well matched. From Fig. 3, it can be seen experimentally that the cleaning power of the jet of the bubble flow increases as the gas-liquid ratio increases.
  • FIG. 4 shows the correlation between 0 and 7? Obtained from an experiment performed using tap water under a constant condition of P s. From Fig. 4, the correlation between and obtained from Eq. 5 and ⁇ and? ? It can be seen that the correlations with are well matched. From Fig. 4, if Ps is kept constant, gas-liquid ratio? ? It can be seen experimentally that the flow rate of the washing water without bubbles can be reduced by increasing the flow rate.
  • the present invention is based on the above findings, and makes the jet of cleaning water containing a large amount of air bubbles reach the surface to be cleaned by making the gas-liquid two-phase flow flowing through the cleaning water flow path a bubble flow, and greatly It is to save water.
  • a cleaning water discharging apparatus comprising: a bubble mixing means for dispersing and mixing, and discharging a bubble flow in which a large amount of fine bubbles are dispersed in the cleaning water.
  • a cleaning water discharging apparatus comprising: a bubble mixing means for dispersing and mixing substantially uniformly; and discharging a bubble flow in which a large amount of fine bubbles are dispersed substantially uniformly in the cleaning water.
  • the flow mode of the gas-liquid two-phase flow is slag flow. It is easy to become floss flow or annular spray flow. Therefore, in order to obtain a bubble flow in which a large amount of fine bubbles are dispersed in the washing water, it is necessary to prevent coalescence of the bubbles during the generation of the fine bubbles.
  • the generated fine air The bubbles need to be dispersed in the washing water flowing through the washing water flow path, and more preferably, dispersed substantially uniformly, and mixed. By dispersing the bubbles, more preferably substantially uniformly, the coalescence of the bubbles mixed in the washing water is prevented, and the generation of a slag flow, a floss flow, an annular spray flow, etc. is prevented. It is.
  • a cleaning water discharge means a water supply means for supplying cleaning water to the cleaning water discharge means, and a bubble mixing means for generating bubbles and mixing bubbles into the cleaning water flowing through the cleaning water flow path, the energy of the wash water in the last upstream region of the bubbly portions of water channel and E w, when the energy of the wash water in the last downstream region of the bubbly portions was E t, is E w ⁇ E,
  • a washing water discharge device characterized by the above-mentioned.
  • the cleaning water is accelerated immediately after the bubbles are mixed, and the energy of the cleaning water increases. That is, by simultaneously generating, dispersing, and mixing a large amount of fine bubbles, the mixed fine bubbles function as a bubble pump. As a result, E w ⁇ E t .
  • the cleaning water discharging means a water supply means for supplying cleaning water to the cleaning water discharging means, a bubble mixing means for mixing bubbles in the cleaning water flowing through the cleaning water flow path, And a bubble crushing means for crushing water, and discharging a bubble flow in which a large amount of fine bubbles are dispersed in the wash water. Even if the bubbles are broken into fine bubbles after the bubbles are mixed instead of generating and mixing the fine bubbles, the gas-liquid two-phase flow flowing through the washing water flow path can be converted into the bubble flow, and the bubble flow can be discharged. .
  • the cleaning water discharging device includes a forced air supply unit for forcibly supplying gas to the bubble mixing unit.
  • the average diameter of the microbubbles mixed into the washing water is from 100 m to 100 m.
  • Microbubbles having an average diameter of 100 m to 100 m are hard to deform because they have high rigidity and are hard to deform. By mixing microbubbles having an average diameter of 100 m to 100 wm into the washing water, a stable bubble flow can be obtained.
  • the average diameter of the bubbles in the bubble flow is determined in consideration of the dimensions of the pipes and nozzles in order to allow the bubble flow to flow through the cleaning water flow path without hindrance. It is desirable that the length be 100 m or less. On the other hand, it is technically difficult to generate excessively fine bubbles. In consideration of these, it is preferable that the average diameter of the bubbles in the bubble flow discharged from the cleaning water discharging device mounted on the human body local cleaning device is 100 m to 100 m.
  • the ratio of the volume flow rate of the gas mixed into the cleaning water to the volume flow rate of the cleaning water is from 0.5 to 4.0.
  • the gas-liquid ratio will be even greater. However, if the gas-liquid ratio becomes excessive, bubbles mixed in the washing water may coalesce and the flow mode of the gas-liquid two-phase flow may be slag flow / floss flow or annular spray flow. On the other hand, if the gas-liquid ratio is too small, the cleaning power of the jet cannot be increased. In consideration of these, it is appropriate to set the ratio of the volume flow rate of the gas mixed into the cleaning water to the volume flow rate of the cleaning water to 0.5 to 4.0.
  • the cross-sectional area of the bubble mixing portion and the downstream region of the bubble mixing portion of the washing water flow path is set to be larger than the projected area of a sphere having a diameter equal to the average diameter of the mixed bubbles, and
  • the cross-sectional area of the washing water flow path downstream of the bubble-containing portion is set to be larger than the cross-sectional area of the bubble-containing portion.
  • the inventor of the invention of the present application has found that, after cleaning gas flowing into the flow path in the pipe into fine bubbles and mixing and dispersing a large amount of gas, cleaning is performed while maintaining a state in which a large amount of fine bubbles are mixed and dispersed.
  • the flow path of the cleaning water must satisfy the following conditions.
  • the cross-sectional area of the bubble mixing part and the downstream area of the bubble mixing part of the flow path must be larger than the projected area of a sphere having a diameter equal to the average diameter obtained from the average volume of the mixing bubbles. If the cross-sectional area of the bubble mixing part of the flow path and the downstream area from the bubble mixing part is equal to or less than the projected area of a sphere having a diameter equal to the average diameter obtained from the average volume of the mixed bubbles, the gas-liquid flow in the flow path
  • the flow style of the phase flow is slag flow / floss flow.
  • Air bubbles in the flow path Flow area of the gas-liquid two-phase flow flowing through the flow channel if the cross-sectional area of the area downstream of the air bubble and the air bubble mixing area is larger than the projected area of a sphere having a diameter equal to the average diameter obtained from the average volume of the gas bubbles. It becomes a bubble flow.
  • the cross-sectional area of the flow path downstream of the bubble-containing section must be greater than the cross-sectional area of the bubble-containing section. If there is a part whose cross-sectional area is less than the cross-sectional area of the bubble-containing part in the flow path downstream of the bubble-containing part, the flow mode of the gas-liquid two-phase flow flowing through the flow path downstream of the part is an annular spray flow. Become. At the site where the cross-sectional area is less than the cross-sectional area of the bubble-containing part, bubbles dispersed in the washing water are collected at the center of the flow, and a large amount of bubbles are united to form a columnar gas layer at the center of the flow. It is thought to be done.
  • the flow mode of the gas-liquid two-phase flow flowing through the flow path is a bubble flow.
  • a downstream area of the washing water flow path from the bubble-containing portion extends substantially linearly.
  • downstream area is curved from the bubble mixing part of the washing water flow path, when the bubble flow flows through the curved part, the dispersed fine bubbles are subjected to centrifugal force and aggregate and coalesce, and the bubble flow becomes a slag flow ⁇ floss flow May change to If the area downstream of the bubble mixing portion of the washing water flow path extends in a substantially straight line, the aggregation of fine bubbles due to centrifugal force does not occur, and the bubble flow is maintained.
  • the bubble mixing means is provided in the washing water discharge means.
  • the air bubble mixing means is disposed near the cleaning water discharge port of the cleaning water discharging means.
  • the air bubble mixing means is disposed in the cleaning water discharge means, and more preferably, is disposed near the cleaning water discharge port, the time for the bubble flow to stay in the cleaning water flow path is reduced, and fine bubbles are reduced. The likelihood of coalescence is reduced and the likelihood of bubble flow being maintained is increased.
  • the bubble mixing means is disposed near the cleaning water discharge outlet of the cleaning water discharge means, and a portion near the cleaning water discharge port of the cleaning water discharge means is detachable with respect to another part. Attached to.
  • the bubble mixing means When the bubble mixing means is disposed near the cleaning water discharge port of the cleaning water discharge means, the cleaning water If the portion near the cleaning water discharge port of the discharge means is detachably attached to another portion, maintenance of the bubble mixing means becomes easy.
  • the bubble mixing means has a bubble generating member having a number of independent openings formed on a surface in contact with the washing water flowing through the washing water flow path.
  • Independent air bubbles are generated in a large number of independent openings formed on the surface of the air bubble generating member that contacts the cleaning water.
  • a large number of pores formed on the surface of the bubble generating member that is in contact with the cleaning water ⁇ If the pores are continuous and continuous, a plurality of bubbles are likely to be generated in each of the pores. It is easy to combine to form large diameter bubbles. If the large number of openings formed on the surface of the bubble generation member that is in contact with the washing water are independent openings, the coalescence of the bubbles during the generation of the bubbles is prevented, and the increase in the diameter of the bubbles is prevented.
  • a large number of fine air bubbles are generated from a large number of independent openings formed on the surface having a predetermined spread, and are released into the washing water, so that the fine air bubbles are dispersed and mixed into the washing water. As a result, a bubble flow is surely generated.
  • the independent openings are regularly arranged in a lattice.
  • the aperture density can be increased, and the size of the bubble mixing means can be reduced.
  • the distance between the generated bubbles can be kept uniform, and the coalescence of the bubbles during the generation of the bubbles can be prevented.
  • the bubble mixing means has a bubble generating member having a mesh structure on a surface in contact with the washing water flowing through the washing water flow path.
  • the network structure can be easily formed by laminating fibers or weaving fibers. By controlling the thickness, spacing, and orientation of the fibers, the shape of the holes and the distance between the holes can be easily adjusted.
  • the bubble generating member is an aggregate of substantially spherical fine particles.
  • the average particle diameter of the substantially spherical fine particles forming the aggregate is 50 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m.
  • the gap between the substantially spherical fine particles forming the aggregate is 50 m to 300 m.
  • the average particle diameter of the substantially spherical fine particles is 50 m to 300 m
  • the average diameter of the independent openings which are the gaps between the substantially spherical fine particles, is obtained by filling the particles to the closest cubic lattice. It becomes 50 m to 300 m.
  • the average diameter of the bubbles generated and dispersed from the independent pores having an average diameter of 50 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m is 100 11 to 100 111.
  • the filling rate of the substantially spherical fine particles forming the aggregate is 70% or more.
  • the theoretical packing ratio is 74%.
  • the filling rate of the substantially spherical fine particles forming the aggregate is required to obtain the independent holes. Is preferably 70% or more.
  • the bubble generating member is a heat-moldable body of a heat-meltable powder.
  • the heat-meltable powder heat-molded body has sufficient strength against water pressure and air pressure during use.
  • the surface of the bubble generating member that contacts the cleaning water extends flush with the surrounding wall of the cleaning water flow path.
  • the surface of the bubble generation member in contact with the cleaning water extends flush with the surrounding wall of the cleaning water flow path, no disturbance or stagnation of the cleaning water flow due to the bubble generation member occurs, and the bubbles are united by the disturbance of the cleaning water flow.
  • the retention time of the bubbles increases due to the stagnation of the washing water flow, and the possibility that the bubbles coalesce is reduced.
  • the bubble generation member is a cylindrical porous body constituting a washing water flow path.
  • a gas flow path is formed around the cylindrical porous body. If a gas flow path is formed around the cylindrical porous body, bubbles can be easily mixed into the cleaning water flowing through the cleaning water flow path in the cylindrical porous body via the cylindrical porous body.
  • the cross-sectional area of the washing water flow path in the cylindrical porous body is constant or gradually increases from the upstream end to the downstream end.
  • the gas-liquid two-phase flow flowing through the washing water flow path in the cylindrical porous body becomes an annular spray flow. Can be prevented.
  • the cylindrical porous body is press-fitted and fixed to the washing water discharging means.
  • the inner diameter of the press-fit portion of the cylindrical porous body is set to be larger than the inner diameter of the other portion.
  • the inner diameter of the press-fitting part of the cylindrical porous body By setting the inner diameter of the press-fitting part of the cylindrical porous body to be larger than the inner diameter of the other parts, the inner diameter of the press-fitting part after the press-fitting is made the same as the inner diameter of the other parts, and the occurrence of disturbance of the washing water flow is prevented. Can be stopped.
  • both ends of the cylindrical porous body are press-fit portions, and the inner diameter of one of the press-fit portions is set to be larger than the inner diameter of the other portion.
  • the cylindrical porous body By press-fitting and fixing both ends of the cylindrical porous body, the cylindrical porous body can be firmly fixed to the washing water discharging means.
  • a cylindrical porous body is powder-molded.
  • burrs are formed on one side. Therefore, it is desirable to set the inside diameter of either end to the dog compared to the inside diameter of the other part.
  • all or a part of the bubble generating member is made of a water-repellent material, or the surface of the flow path of the bubble generating member is subjected to a water-repellent treatment.
  • the ON may precipitate in the form of calcium carbonate or the like in the opening of the bubble generation member, and the opening may be clogged and the bubble generation member may be deteriorated.
  • the function of the bubble generating member may be reduced due to the osmotic pressure due to the capillary action in the opening.
  • All or part of the bubble generating member is made of a water-repellent material such as PTFE or ETEF, or the surface of the flow path of the bubble generating member is water-repellent using paraffin, carnauba, etc.
  • all or a part of the bubble generating member is made of a hydrophilic material, or the channel surface of the bubble generating member is subjected to a hydrophilic treatment.
  • the wettability of the bubble generating member surface affects the bubble diameter.
  • the bubble generating member is hardly wet (has a high water repellency)
  • the gas flowing out of the opening tends to stay on the surface of the bubble generating member, and the bubble diameter tends to increase.
  • the bubble generating member is easily wetted (has a high hydrophilicity)
  • the gas flowing out of the opening hardly stays on the surface of the bubble generating member, and the bubble diameter does not easily increase.
  • All or part of the bubble generating member is made of a hydrophilic material such as HDPE, LDPE, PP, PA, PET, MMA, glass, polyolefin, cellulose, etc., or acrylic is formed on the flow path surface of the bubble generating member. Hydrophilic treatment using an acid or the like, or hydrophilic treatment using plasma treatment, chromic acid treatment, silica coating, etc. can reduce the bubble diameter and prevent the generation of slag flow and floss flow. it can.
  • the surface of the flow path of the bubble generating member is coated with a surface treatment agent for suppressing precipitation of calcium.
  • the component of the surface treatment agent contains a siloxane bond.
  • the components of the surface treatment agent include acrylic and silicon monoxide.
  • the cell forming member is a porous polyethylene, and the component of the surface treatment agent contains an alkylpolysiloxane.
  • the cell forming member is a porous acrylic material
  • the component of the surface treatment agent includes room temperature hardened glass
  • the precipitation of calcium on the surface of the flow path of the bubble generating member made of an acrylic porous material is effectively suppressed.
  • the washing water discharging device includes a solute concentration control means for dissolving the solute to a predetermined concentration in the washing water.
  • solutes such as drugs and surfactants
  • a predetermined concentration in the washing water depending on the object to be washed.
  • the flushing water discharge device includes a flushing control unit that intermittently stops flushing water from flowing into the flushing water flow path during operation of the forced air supply unit.
  • a flushing control unit that intermittently stops flushing water from flowing into the flushing water flow path during operation of the forced air supply unit.
  • the washing water discharge device equipped with a washing water tank can be widely applied to various portable washing devices.
  • the forced lined air means not only for gas pumping but also for pumping of washing water, the number of parts is reduced compared to the case where washing water pumping means is separately provided, and washing water is discharged. Equipment manufacturing costs are reduced.
  • By mixing bubbles in the washing water a large amount of fine bubbles can be mixed in the washing water, and the washing effect of the washing water can be enhanced.
  • a pressure adjusting valve is provided in a pipe connecting the forced air supply means and the washing water tank and / or a pipe connecting the forced air supply means and the bubble mixing means.
  • the dimensions, weight, and power consumption of the cleaning water discharge device are set to values suitable for carrying.
  • a human body part cleaning device comprising any one of the above-mentioned cleaning water discharge devices.
  • the cleaning water discharge device of the human body local cleaning device includes a forced air supply unit that forcibly supplies gas to the air bubble mixing unit, and the human body local cleaning device further includes, at predetermined time intervals, A control device is provided for driving the water supply means and the forced air supply means.
  • the bubble mixing means of the cleaning water discharge device provided in the human body local cleaning device includes a bubble generation member having a number of independent openings formed on a surface in contact with the cleaning water flowing through the cleaning water flow path.
  • the bubble generating member is formed of a cylindrical porous body constituting a washing water flow path, and the cylindrical porous body is located in the washing water discharge means, near the wash water discharge port, and with the downstream end directed upward. It is arranged.
  • the human body local cleaning device includes a volatile component mixing means for mixing a volatile component into a gas supplied to the bubble mixing portion of the cleaning water flow path.
  • the cleaning water discharging means of the cleaning water discharging device provided in the human body local cleaning device has a plurality of cleaning water discharging ports, and the bubble flow is supplied to the plurality of cleaning water discharging means via a flow path switching means. It is selectively flowed to any of the outlets.
  • a plurality of cleaning water discharge ports are provided in the cleaning water discharge means, and a bubble flow is selectively discharged to any of the plurality of cleaning water discharge ports via the flow path switching means according to the application so as to be discharged.
  • a cleaning device a hair-washing device, a face-washing device, an eye-washing device, a palate cleaning device, a hand-washing device, a water faucet device, and a bath tub, which are provided with any of the above-described cleaning water discharge devices. I do.
  • washing water discharge device By applying the above washing water discharge device to shower devices, hair washing devices, face washing devices, eye washing devices, palate washing devices, hand washing devices, faucet equipment, bathtubs, etc., the washing power of these devices is increased and washing is performed. Water can be saved.
  • an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus including any one of the above-described cleaning water discharge devices.
  • a hot water supply device provided with any of the above flush water discharge devices.
  • FIG. 1 (a) to FIG. 1 (d) are diagrams showing flow patterns of a gas-liquid two-phase flow.
  • Figure 1 (a) shows the bubble flow
  • Figure 1 (b) shows the slag flow
  • Figure 1 (c) shows the floss flow
  • Figure 1 (d) shows the annular spray flow.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a state in which a jet collides with a surface to be cleaned.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a relationship between a pressure generated when a bubble flow collides with a surface to be cleaned and a gas-liquid ratio.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the amount of cleaning water and the gas-liquid ratio when the pressure generated when the bubble flow collides with the surface to be cleaned is maintained at a constant value.
  • FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of the cleaning water discharge device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 shows the discharge situation of the bubble flow.
  • Fig. 7 shows an electron microscopy of the surface of a heated compact of nearly spherical particles of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.
  • FIG. 8 is an electron microscope of the surface of a heat-formed body of substantially spherical particles of an acrylic resin.
  • FIG. 9 is a configuration diagram of a cleaning water discharging device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 10 (a) to 10 (c) are views showing an example of an automatic removal device for dirt attached to the inner surface of the bubble generating member.
  • FIG. 10 (a) is an overall configuration diagram
  • FIG. 10 (b) and FIG. 10 (c) are enlarged views of a portion surrounded by a broken line in FIG. 10 (a).
  • FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram of a human body local cleaning apparatus incorporating a cleaning water discharger according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a top view of a cleaning water discharge nozzle of a cleaning water discharge device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a sectional view taken along line AA ′ of FIG.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the relationship between the bubble diameter and the water flow velocity at the time of bubble generation.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the relationship between the bubble growth degree and the bubble residence time.
  • FIG. 16 is a sectional view of a cleaning water discharge nozzle provided in a cleaning water discharge device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of a flow path switching device provided in a cleaning water discharging device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 shows the relationship between the air mixing ratio and the energy amplification factor of the bubble pump, and the relationship between the air mixing ratio and the overall efficiency.
  • FIG. 19 is a view showing a modification of the bubble generation member.
  • FIG. 20 is a view showing the results of a test for confirming the effect of the surface treatment agent on the precipitation of calcium carbonate.
  • FIG. 21 is a block diagram of a test apparatus used for a test for confirming the effect of the surface treatment agent on the precipitation of calcium carbonate.
  • FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the results of a test for confirming the effect of the water passage mode on the precipitation of calcium carbonate.
  • FIG. 23 is a view showing the results of a test for confirming the effect of the water passage mode on the precipitation of calcium carbonate.
  • FIG. 24 is a view showing the results of a test for confirming the effect of the surface treating agent on the precipitation of calcium carbonate.
  • FIG. 25 is a view showing the results of a test for confirming the effect of the surface treatment agent on the precipitation of calcium carbonate.
  • FIG. 26 is a diagram showing the results of a test for confirming the effect of the surface treating agent on the precipitation of calcium carbonate.
  • FIG. 27 is a view showing the results of a test for confirming the effect of the surface treatment agent on the precipitation of calcium carbonate.
  • FIG. 28 is a diagram showing the results of a test for confirming the effect of the surface treating agent on the precipitation of calcium carbonate.
  • FIG. 29 is a diagram showing the results of a test for confirming the effect of the surface treating agent on the precipitation of calcium carbonate.
  • FIG. 30 is a configuration diagram of a hot water supply device in which the cleaning water discharge device according to the first embodiment of the present invention is incorporated.
  • FIG. 31 (a) is a configuration diagram of a shower device incorporating a cleaning water discharge device according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 31 (b) is a cross-sectional view of a bubble generation member. .
  • FIG. 32 is a top view of a hair washing device in which the washing water discharging device according to the first embodiment of the present invention is incorporated.
  • FIG. 33 is a view on arrow A--A of FIG.
  • FIG. 34 is a view taken in the direction of arrow B--B in FIG.
  • FIG. 35 is a configuration diagram of a faucet device in which the cleaning water discharging device according to the first embodiment of the present invention is incorporated.
  • FIG. 36 is a top view of the faucet device of FIG.
  • FIG. 37 is a side view of the faucet device of FIG.
  • FIG. 38 is a configuration diagram of a washing water discharge device having a bubble crushing device.
  • FIG. 39 (a), FIG. 39 (b), and FIG. 39 (c) are cross-sectional views of the bubble crushing device of the cleaning water discharge device of FIG.
  • a cleaning water discharge device according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described.
  • the cleaning water discharge device A includes a cleaning water discharge nozzle 1, a pipe 2 forming a cleaning water flow path leading to the cleaning water discharge nozzle 1, and a pipe. 2, a forced air supply device 4 for forcibly supplying air to the air bubble mixing device 3, and a constant flow valve provided in the middle of the pipe 2 and upstream of the air bubble mixing device 3. And 5.
  • the upstream end of the pipe 2 is connected to a tap faucet (not shown).
  • the bubble mixing device 3 has a cylindrical bubble generating member 3a made of a porous material forming a washing water flow path.
  • the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical bubble generating member 3a extends flush with the surrounding walls of the front and rear wash water flow paths.
  • a number of independent openings are formed on the inner peripheral surface of the bubble generating member 3a.
  • the cross-sectional area of the washing water flow path in the bubble generation member 3a gradually increases from the upstream end to the downstream end.
  • a pressure chamber 3b is formed around the bubble generating member 3a.
  • the forced air supply device 4 has a pipe 4 a connected to the pressure chamber 3 b of the bubble mixing device 3.
  • a check valve 4b, an air pump 4c, and an air filter 4d for dust removal are arranged in the middle of the pipe 4a in order from the downstream side.
  • the piping 4a upstream of the air filter 4 is open to the atmosphere.
  • a control device 4e for controlling the operation of the air pump 4c is provided. Has been established.
  • the cross-sectional area of the cleaning water flow path formed by the bubble generation member 3a, the pipe 2 downstream of the bubble generation member 3a, and the cleaning water discharge nozzle 1 flows through the cleaning water flow path by the bubble generation member 3a. It is set to be larger than the projected area of a sphere having a diameter equal to the average diameter obtained from the average volume of bubbles mixed into the washing water.
  • the cross-sectional area of the washing water flow path downstream of the bubble generating member 3a is set to be equal to or larger than the cross-sectional area of the downstream end of the bubble generating member 3a.
  • the washing water discharge device A having the above configuration, when a tap plug (not shown) of the tap is opened, the tap water flows into the pipe 2, and the flow rate is reduced to a predetermined value through the constant flow valve 5. Tap water having a predetermined flow rate flows into the bubble generation member 3 a of the bubble mixing device 3 through the pipe 2.
  • the air pump 4c When the controller 4e is turned on, the air pump 4c operates under the control of the controller 4e. Air is sucked into the pipe 4a and is removed through the air filter 4d. The dust-removed air passes through the air pump 4c and the check valve 4b, and is pumped to the pressure chamber 3b. The pressurized air that has flowed into the pressure chamber 3b passes through the pores of the bubble generating member 3a made of a porous material, and is independent of each other through a number of independent openings formed on the inner peripheral surface of the bubble generating member 3a. Form air bubbles.
  • the bubbles grow to a predetermined bubble diameter, they are entrained by tap water flowing through the washing water flow path formed by the inner peripheral surface of the bubble generating member 3a, and separate from the independent openings to become fine bubbles. Disperse and mix in tap water.
  • a large amount of air is dispersed and mixed into tap water as fine bubbles, and the flow of tap water becomes a bubble flow.
  • the bubble flow passes through the pipe 2 and is discharged as a jet from the washing water discharge nozzle 1.
  • the bubble jet has a high cleaning power and collides with the surface to be cleaned to sufficiently clean the surface. By discharging the bubble flow, a high water-saving effect can be obtained.
  • FIG. 6 shows the flow of the bubble flow discharged from the cleaning water discharging device similar to the cleaning water discharging device A. It can be seen that the cleaning water contains a large amount of fine bubbles. Since the bubbles are protected by the cleaning water, they do not interfere with the atmosphere even after discharge, and reach the surface to be cleaned without fail.
  • a single closed cell is generated in each of the large number of independent openings formed on the inner peripheral surface of the bubble generating member 3a.
  • Bubble generating member 3a If the large number of openings formed in the inner peripheral surface are continuous openings in which a plurality of openings are connected, a plurality of bubbles are easily generated in each of the openings, and these are combined to easily increase the diameter of the bubbles.
  • a large number of openings formed on the inner peripheral surface of the bubble generating member 3a are independent holes, the coalescence of the bubbles during the generation of the bubbles is prevented, and the increase in the diameter of the bubbles is prevented. You.
  • the air bubbles generated by the opening formed in the inner peripheral surface of the bubble generating member 3a are substantially in the direction of the washing water flow. It grows in an orthogonal direction. As a result, a shearing force is applied to the bubbles being generated from the washing water flow, and the bubbles are entrained by the washing water in the initial stage of growth, leave the pores, and are dispersed and mixed into the washing water. As a result, fine bubbles are dispersed and mixed in the washing water.
  • the fine bubbles are substantially uniformly dispersed in the running water of the tap water. Mixed.
  • washing water discharge device A a large amount of microbubbles are dispersed and mixed substantially uniformly into the tap water flowing through the washing water flow path to form a bubble flow.
  • the cross-sectional area of the cleaning water flow path formed by the bubble generation member 3a, the pipe 2 downstream of the bubble generation member 3a, and the cleaning water discharge nozzle 1 is the bubble generation member 3a.
  • the projection area is set to be larger than the projected area of a sphere having a diameter equal to the average diameter obtained from the average volume of bubbles mixed in the tap water flowing through the washing water flow path.
  • Such a configuration controls the pore diameter of the porous material constituting the bubble generating member 3a, and thus the diameter of the independent opening formed on the inner peripheral surface, or the apparent flow rate of tap water (only of tap water). (The value obtained by dividing the volume flow rate by the cross-sectional area of the flow channel), or by controlling the wettability of the porous material as described later, and controlling the average volume of bubbles mixed in the tap water. .
  • the cross-sectional area of the cleaning water channel formed by the inner peripheral surface of the bubble generation member 3a gradually increases from the upstream end to the downstream end.
  • the cross-sectional area of the washing water flow path downstream of the bubble generating member 3a is set to be equal to or larger than the cross-sectional area of the downstream end of the bubble generating member 3a.
  • the tap water into which a large number of fine bubbles are dispersed and mixed is discharged while maintaining a state in which a large amount of fine bubbles are dispersed and mixed. It discharges from 1 and reaches the surface to be cleaned.
  • the cleaning water discharge device A can discharge the jet of the bubble flow of tap water in which a large amount of fine bubbles are dispersed and mixed, from the cleaning water discharge nozzle 1.
  • the control device 4 e is a gas-liquid ratio? ?
  • the voltage applied to the air pump 4c is controlled so that the range of 0.5 to 4.0 is obtained.
  • gas-liquid ratio? ? Can be increased to 2.85 or more, which is the theoretical maximum value of the gas-liquid ratio when spherical bubbles are filled in a close-packed cubic lattice.
  • the gas-liquid ratio? ? was set to 4.0. Also the gas-liquid ratio? ? If the water content is too low, the cleaning power of the jet is increased and a high water-saving effect cannot be obtained, so the minimum value of the gas-liquid ratio was set to 0.5.
  • the stimulus generated when the bubble flow of the washing water collides with the surface to be washed increases as the gas-liquid ratio 7? Increases.
  • the gas-liquid ratio 7? Increases.
  • strong cleaning power is not required and the need for water saving is low.
  • the gas-liquid ratio 7 In a washing mode with a large flow rate of washing water that removes strong dirt, it is preferable to set the gas-liquid ratio 7 to 1.6 or more to obtain strong washing power and to obtain a high water-saving effect. .
  • the flow rate of the wash water is large, the turbulence of the wash water flow increases due to the increase in the flow rate of the wash water, so that the bubbles are united to have a large diameter, the stability of the bubble flow is impaired, and a slag flow / floss flow is generated. The likelihood is increased. Therefore, the gas-liquid ratio to ensure the stability of the bubble flow? ? Is preferably set to 2.3 or less.
  • the theoretical maximum value of the gas-liquid ratio in a bubble flow is 2.85, which is achieved when spherical bubbles are filled in a close-packed cubic lattice. Gas-liquid ratio? ? If 2.85 exceeds 2.85, the bubbles come in contact with each other and coalesce to form a larger diameter, and the stability of the bubble flow is impaired. However, since the bubbles can be deformed, in reality, even when the bubbles come into contact with each other, the bubbles are deformed with each other, thereby suppressing coalescence of the bubbles and maintaining the stability of the bubble flow. Also, Since the bubble diameter distribution of the bubbles contained in the bubble flow is dispersed to some extent, it is possible to push relatively small-sized bubbles between relatively large-sized bubbles.
  • the gas-liquid ratio can be increased to about 4.0 while maintaining the stability of the bubble flow.
  • the applied voltage of the air pump 4c is controlled. Alone, it is possible to easily control the gas-liquid ratio of 7? And, consequently, easily control the cleaning power of the jet of the bubble flow discharged from the cleaning water nozzle 1.
  • the forced air is supplied to the cylindrical bubble generating member 3a made of a porous material constituting the washing water flow passage by using the air pump 4c. A large amount of fine bubbles can be easily mixed.
  • the cleaning water flow in the bubble generating member 3a is forcibly supplied to the pressure chamber 3b. Bubbles can be easily mixed into the tap water flowing through the path via the bubble generating member 3a.
  • the tap water flow by the bubble-generating member 3a is reduced. No disturbance or stagnation occurs. If the tap water flow is disturbed, the possibility that bubbles will coalesce increases, and if tap water stagnates, the time for bubbles to stay in the washing water flow path increases, and the possibility that bubbles coalesce increases. In the cleaning water discharge device A, since there is no turbulence or stagnation in the tap water flow, there is a low possibility of bubbles being coalesced, and a good bubble flow is discharged.
  • a check valve 4b for preventing the backflow of tap water from the cylindrical bubble generating member 3a to the air pump 4 is provided, and tap water flows into the air pump 4c. The occurrence of a situation where the function of the pump 4c is reduced is prevented.
  • an air filter 4d is arranged upstream of the air pump 4c to prevent clogging of the bubble generating member 3a with dust and prevent the function of the bubble generating member 3a from deteriorating. are doing.
  • FIG. 7 shows an electron microscope of the surface of a heat-formed product formed by filling a mold with substantially spherical fine particles of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and heating.
  • a large number of independent openings are formed on the surface of the thermoformed product.
  • An aggregate of substantially spherical fine particles can easily increase the particle filling rate and uniform the shape of the holes, so that continuous holes in which the holes are connected hardly occur, and independent holes are easily formed.
  • the apertures can be arranged regularly in a grid pattern. By regularly arranging the openings in a lattice, the distance between the generated bubbles can be kept uniform, and the coalescence of the bubbles during the generation of the bubbles can be prevented.
  • the opening density can be increased, the bubble generating member 3a can be reduced in size, and the washing water discharge device can be reduced in size.
  • Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene has a low melt index (Ml) and its properties at the time of melting are close to those of rubber, so it is difficult to flow in the molten state.
  • Ml melt index
  • ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene When approximately spherical fine particles of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene are filled in a mold and heat-molded at a temperature slightly higher than the melting point, only the contacts are melt-bonded without changing the shape of the particles. Therefore, by using substantially spherical fine particles of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and controlling the particle diameter and the filling rate, the diameter of the independent opening formed on the inner peripheral surface of the bubble generating member 3a can be freely controlled.
  • Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is chemically stable, so it is suitable for cleaning solutions containing chlorine, acid bases, organic solvents, etc. It is also suitable for cleaning solutions consisting of water because it has almost no water absorption.
  • FIG. 8 shows an electron microscope of a surface of a heat-formed product formed by filling a mold with substantially spherical fine particles of an acrylic resin and heating.
  • a large number of independent openings are formed on the surface of the thermoformed product in a substantially mesh-like manner.
  • Acrylic resin has a low surface tension and a high affinity for water, so it is suitable for the generation of fine bubbles as described later (metals such as bronze and stainless steel, glass and various types of ceramics, etc.
  • the bubble generating member 3a may be formed by heat-forming fine particles of the material.
  • the average particle diameter of the substantially spherical fine particles of the heat-fusible material is desirably 50 m to 300 / m. If the average particle diameter of the substantially spherical fine particles is 50 m to 300 m, when the substantially spherical fine particles are filled in a close-packed cubic lattice shape, the average diameter of the independent openings, which are the gaps between the substantially spherical fine particles, is increased. It becomes 50 m to 300 m. The average diameter of bubbles generated and dispersed from independent pores with an average diameter of 50 m to 300 m is 100 am
  • the average diameter of the bubbles in the bubble flow is 10 in order to allow the bubble flow to flow into the washing water flow path without any hindrance considering the dimensions of the piping and nozzle. It is desirable to set it to 0 m or less. On the other hand, it is technically difficult to generate excessively fine bubbles. In consideration of these, it is preferable that the average diameter of the bubbles in the bubble flow discharged from the cleaning water discharge device mounted on the human body local cleaning device is 100 m to 100 m / m.
  • the filling rate of the substantially spherical fine particles of the heat-fusible material is 70% or more. If spherical particles of the same diameter are packed into the closest cubic lattice, the theoretical maximum filling factor is 74%. Considering that it is difficult to fill in a close-packed cubic lattice due to the generation of static electricity, etc., in order to obtain independent openings, the filling rate of the substantially spherical particles forming the aggregate Should be 70% or more.
  • a network structure can be formed by weaving, knitting, or laminating a fiber material such as nylon into a woven or nonwoven fabric.
  • the network forms independent openings. If the thickness and spacing of the fibers are made substantially uniform, it is possible to obtain a substantially lattice-shaped regular aperture arrangement. By controlling the thickness, spacing and orientation of the fibers, it is possible to easily adjust the shape of the holes and the distance between the holes. Woven and non-woven fabrics do not have sufficient strength, so it is desirable to fix them to a support. By laminating a plurality of woven fabrics and nonwoven fabrics, vibration of the woven fabrics and nonwoven fabrics can be suppressed, and the bubble mixing operation can be stabilized.
  • the entire or a part of the cylindrical bubble generating member 3a made of a porous material is made of a water-repellent material such as PTFE or ETEF, or a cylindrical bubble made of a porous material is formed.
  • the surface of the flow path of the member 3a may be subjected to a water-repellent treatment using paraffin, carnauba, or the like.
  • a large amount of calcium ions contained in the tap water precipitates in the pores of the porous material in the form of calcium carbonate, etc., and the pores are clogged and the bubble generation member 3 a may be degraded.
  • the function of the bubble generating member 3a may be reduced by osmotic pressure due to capillary action on the surface of the porous material.
  • the whole or a part of the cylindrical bubble generating member 3a made of a porous material is made of a water-repellent material such as PTFE or ETEF, or the flow path surface of the cylindrical bubble generating member 3a made of a porous material Water-repellent treatment using paraffin, carnauba, etc. to prevent water from entering the pores of the porous material and reduce the osmotic pressure due to the capillary phenomenon on the surface of the porous material. It is possible to prevent the deterioration of a and the function.
  • all or a part of the cylindrical bubble generating member 3a made of a porous material is made of a hydrophilic material such as HDPE, LDPE, PP, PA, PET, MMA, glass, polyolefin, or cellulose.
  • Hydrophilic treatment using acrylic acid or the like, or plasma treatment, chromic acid treatment, silica coating, etc. is applied to the flow path surface of the cylindrical bubble generating member 3a made of a porous material or made of a porous material. Hydrophilic treatment may be performed.
  • the wettability of the porous material surface affects the bubble diameter.
  • the porous material is hard to wet (has high water repellency)
  • the gas flowing out of the pores tends to stay on the surface of the porous material, and the bubble diameter tends to increase.
  • the porous material is easily wetted (has a high hydrophilicity)
  • the gas flowing out of the pores is unlikely to stay on the surface of the porous material, and the bubble diameter is unlikely to increase.
  • All or part of the cylindrical bubble generating member 3a made of a porous material is made of a hydrophilic material such as glass, polyolefin, or cellulose, or is made of a porous material.
  • Hydrophilic treatment using acrylic acid or the like, or plasma treatment or chromic acid treatment is applied to the flow path surface of the cylindrical bubble generating member 3a made of porous material.
  • hydrophilic treatment with silica coat or the like the bubble diameter can be reduced, and the generation of slag flow and floss flow can be prevented.
  • a temperature control device that heats the tap water to a predetermined temperature is connected to the pipe 2 between the constant flow valve 5 and the bubble mixing device 3,
  • a solute concentration controller for dissolving a solute such as an activator may be connected.
  • the flow rate of tap water flowing through the washing water flow path of the bubble generation member 3a is controlled to a constant flow rate by the constant flow valve 5, so that the tap water heating control and the tap water can be controlled. Solute dissolution control is easy.
  • the air pump 4c and the control device 4e are removed, and air is sucked into the bubble generation member 3a by using the negative pressure of tap water flowing through the cleaning water flow path of the bubble generation member 3a. You may supply air.
  • the gas-liquid ratio is about 0.5.
  • the bubble generation member 3a may be formed in a cylindrical shape having a constant cross-sectional area from the upstream end to the downstream end. Even if the bubble generating member 3a has a cylindrical shape with a constant cross-sectional area from the upstream end to the downstream end, the flow mode of the gas-liquid two-phase flow in the washing water flow path of the bubble generating member 3a is an annular spray flow. Does not. Therefore, the bubble generating member 3a may be formed in a cylindrical shape having a constant cross-sectional area from the upstream end to the downstream end.
  • the bubble generating member 3a is a cylindrical member extending over the entire circumference of the surrounding wall of the cleaning water flow path, but a part of the circumferential wall of the cleaning water flow path in the circumferential direction is formed by a bubble generating member made of a porous material. You can do it. Even in this case, fine bubbles can be dispersed and mixed in the washing water.
  • a cleaning water discharging device according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
  • a cleaning water discharge device B includes a cleaning water discharge nozzle 11 and a pipe 12 that forms a cleaning water flow path leading to the cleaning water discharge nozzle 11. , A bubble mixing device 13 disposed in the middle of the piping 12, a forced air supply device 14 for forcibly supplying air to the bubble mixing device 13, and a washing water tank disposed upstream of the piping 12. 1 5 and It has.
  • the bubble mixing device 13 has a cylindrical bubble generating member 13a made of a porous material constituting a cleaning water flow path. A number of independent openings are formed on the inner peripheral surface of the bubble generating member 13a. The cross-sectional area of the washing water flow path of the bubble generation member 13a gradually increases from the upstream end to the downstream end. A pressure chamber 13b is formed surrounding the bubble generating member 13a.
  • the forced air supply device 14 includes a pipe 14 a connected to the pressure chamber 13 b of the bubble mixing device 13.
  • a pressure regulating valve 14b, an air pump 14c, and an air filter 14d for dust removal are arranged in the middle of the pipe 14a in order from the downstream side.
  • the piping 14a upstream of the air filter 14d is open to the atmosphere.
  • a control device 14e for controlling the operation of the air pump 14c is provided.
  • a pipe 14 a ′ extending from the air pump 14 c is connected to an upper part of the washing water tank 15 via a pressure regulating valve 14 b ′.
  • the cross-sectional area of the cleaning water flow path formed by the bubble generation member 13a and the pipe 12 downstream of the bubble generation member 13a and the cleaning water discharge nozzle 11 depends on the bubble generation member 13a.
  • the projection area is set to be larger than the projected area of a sphere having a diameter equal to the average diameter obtained from the average volume of bubbles mixed in the washing water flowing through the washing water flow path.
  • the cross-sectional area of the washing water flow path downstream of the bubble generating member 13a is set to be equal to or larger than the cross-sectional area of the downstream end of the bubble generating member 13a.
  • the dimensions, weight, and power consumption of the cleaning water discharge device B are set to values suitable for carrying.
  • C In the cleaning water discharge device B having the above configuration, when the control device 14 e is turned on, the control device 1
  • the air pump 14c operates under the control of 4e. Air is sucked into the pipe 14a and removed through the air filter 14d. The air from which dust has been removed is pumped to the washing water tank 15 through the air pump 14c and the pressure regulating valve 14b '.
  • the cleaning water in the cleaning water tank 15 is pressurized, discharged from the cleaning water tank 15, and flows into the bubble generation member 13 a of the bubble mixing device 13 through the pipe 12.
  • the air that has passed through the air pump 14c is sent to the pressure chamber 13b through the pressure regulating valve 14b.
  • the pressurized air that has flowed into the pressure chamber 13b passes through the pores of the bubble-generating member 13a made of a porous material, passes through a number of independent openings formed in the inner peripheral surface, and It is dispersed almost uniformly as fine bubbles into the washing water flowing through the washing water flow path formed inside the component 13a.
  • a large amount of air is dispersed and mixed in the cleaning water as fine bubbles, and the flow of the cleaning water becomes a bubble flow.
  • the bubble flow passes through the pipe 12 and is discharged as a jet from the washing water discharge nozzle 11.
  • the bubble jet has a high cleaning power and collides with the surface to be cleaned to sufficiently clean the surface. By discharging the bubble flow, a high water-saving effect can be obtained.
  • the cleaning water discharge device B provided with a cleaning water tank can be widely applied to various portable cleaning devices.
  • the number of parts is reduced by using the air pump 14 c of the forced air supply device 14 not only for gas pumping but also for washing water pumping, as compared with the case where a separate pump is provided for pumping washing water.
  • the manufacturing cost of the cleaning water discharge device B is reduced.
  • the air bubbles are mixed into the staying cleaning water via the air bubble generation member 13a, the air bubbles do not separate from the air bubble generation member 13a and do not enter the cleaning water unless the bubble diameter is increased to a certain extent. .
  • the cleaning water discharge device B mixes bubbles in the flowing washing water instead of mixing bubbles in the staying cleaning water, so that a large amount of fine bubbles can be mixed into the washing water. The cleaning effect can be enhanced.
  • a pressure regulating valve 14 b is provided in the pipe 14 a to adjust the pressure of the air flowing into the pressure chamber 13 b to adjust the amount of bubbles generated from the bubble generating member 13 a.
  • By adjusting it is possible to control the amount of air bubbles mixed into the washing water. It is possible to control the amount of air bubbles mixed into the washing water with only one of the pressure regulating valves 14 b and 14 b ′.
  • the cleaning water discharge device B Since the dimensions, weight, and power consumption of the cleaning water discharge device B are set to values suitable for carrying, various types of cleaning such as showers equipped with the cleaning water discharge device B, human body cleaning devices, hand cleaning devices, and palate cleaning devices
  • the device can be portable.
  • FIGS. 10 (a) to 10 (c) show the self-cleaning of the dirt attached to the inner surface of the bubble generating member.
  • 1 shows an example of a motion removing device.
  • the pipe 22 is bent at a substantially right angle at a position upstream of the bubble generation member 23a.
  • the above members are integrated, and are driven in the left-right direction in FIGS. 10 (a) to 10 (c) by a driving device (not shown).
  • An opening 22 a is formed in the bent portion of the pipe 22.
  • the rod-shaped member 25 is inserted into the pipe 22 and the bubble generation member 23a through the opening 22a.
  • An end of a portion of the rod-shaped member 25 extending to the outside of the opening 22a is fixed to a stationary support member.
  • a first lid member 26a is fixed near the fixed end of the rod-shaped member 25, and a second lid member 26b is fixed to the other end.
  • the brush 27 is fixed near the other end of the rod-shaped member 25 o
  • the above-mentioned integrated members are driven by a driving device (not shown) as shown in FIGS. It is driven rightward in FIG. 0 (c), and as shown in FIG. 10 (b), the first lid member 26a closes the opening 22a of the pipe 22.
  • the integrated members are driven to the left by a driving device (not shown) as shown in FIG. 10 (c).
  • the fixed and immobile brush 27 rubs the inner surface of the bubble generating member 23a, and removes dirt attached to the inner surface of the bubble generating member 23a.
  • the second lid member 26 b closes the opening 22 a of the pipe 22.
  • Cleaning water is supplied to the pipe 22, and bubbles generated from the bubble generation member 23 a are mixed into the flow of the cleaning water, and the bubble flow is discharged from the cleaning water discharge nozzle 21.
  • the integrated members are driven rightward by a drive device (not shown) as shown in FIG. 10 (b).
  • the fixed and immobile brush 27 rubs the inner surface of the bubble generating member 23a, and removes dirt attached to the inner surface of the bubble generating member 23a.
  • the first lid member 26 b closes the opening 22 a of the pipe 22.
  • the automatic removal device for dirt attached to the inner surface of the bubble generating member as described above Maintenance of the cleaning water discharge device is facilitated by using it in the cleaning water discharge device that uses water that contains a large amount of ions that easily precipitate such as water ions and magnesium ions, and the function of the cleaning water discharge device is maintained for a long period of time. be able to.
  • a cleaning water discharging device according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described.
  • the cleaning water discharge device C is incorporated in a human body local cleaning device attached to a toilet. As shown in FIG. 11, tap water is supplied to the heat exchanger 31 via an electromagnetic shutoff valve 30 having a pressure adjusting function. Heater in heat exchanger 3 1
  • 1st water level sensor 3 to detect the water level in the heat exchanger to prevent burning, etc.
  • 2nd water level sensor 1 3 to monitor the water temperature in the heat exchanger
  • ⁇ 35 is provided.
  • the tap water which has been heated to an appropriate temperature, is guided to the water flow path switching valve 37 via the air release valve 36.
  • the water flow path switching valve 37 With the water flow path switching valve 37, the flow rate is adjusted based on the operation of the operation unit 38 by the user, the flow path is switched, and the water flow path is selected from among a plurality of water flow paths provided in the nozzle 39. Tap water whose flow rate has been adjusted is supplied to the channel.
  • the air pressurized by the air pump 40 is guided to the air flow path switching valve 41.
  • the air flow path switching valve 41 switches the flow path based on the operation of the operation unit 38 by the user, and the air flow path is switched to a selected flow path among a plurality of air flow paths arranged in the nozzle 39. , Pressurized air is supplied.
  • the tip of the nozzle 39 forms a detachable nozzle head 39a.
  • the bubble mixing device 46 has a straight cylindrical bubble generating member 46a made of a resin-heated and sintered material that is a porous material. A number of independent openings are formed on the inner peripheral surface of the bubble generating member 46a. Both ends of the bubble generation member 46a are fixed to the nozzle head 39a by being pressed into the nozzle head 39a. The inner diameter of one end of the bubble generating member 46a is set to a value larger than the inner diameter of the other part. The inner peripheral surface of the bubble generating member 46a forms a washing water flow path.
  • the bubble generation member 46a is disposed with the downstream end of the washing water flow path formed by the inner peripheral surface facing obliquely upward.
  • Bubble generator 4 6 a The downstream end of the washing water flow path formed by the inner peripheral surface of the nozzle is formed at the nozzle head 39a, and is formed at the discharge port 44 through a straight washing water flow path 47 extending obliquely upward. They are communicating.
  • the upstream end of the cleaning water flow path formed by the inner peripheral surface of the bubble generation member 46a communicates with the cleaning water flow path 48 formed inside the nozzle head 39a.
  • the washing water flow path 48 extends beyond the bubble generation member 46 a to the end of the nozzle head 39 a, is formed in the nozzle head 39 a, and is a substantially linear washing water flow extending obliquely upward. It is connected to Road 49.
  • the washing water flow path 49 communicates with the discharge port 45.
  • the upstream end of the water purification channel 48 is connected to a cleaning water pipe (not shown) provided in the nozzle 39.
  • a pressure chamber 46b is formed around the bubble generation member 46a.
  • the pressure chamber 46 b communicates with an air flow path 50 formed inside the nozzle head 39 a.
  • the upstream end of the air flow path 50 is connected to an air pipe (not shown) provided in the nozzle 39.
  • a bubble mixing device similar to the bubble mixing device 46 is disposed immediately below the discharge ports 42 and 43.
  • reference numeral 51 denotes a control device of the human body local cleaning apparatus
  • 52 denotes a power supply section
  • Reference numeral 53 is a use detection device that detects use of a toilet.
  • the use detecting means 53 automatically detects the use of the toilet and cancels the standby state.
  • the operation unit 38 When the user operates the operation unit 38 to select the discharge of the wash water from the discharge outlets 44, 45, the water flow path switching valve 37, the nozzle
  • Tap water is supplied to the washing water flow path 48 through a washing water pipe (not shown) provided in the inside 39, and the air flow path switching valve 41 and the nozzle (not shown) provided in the nozzle 39 are provided. Pressurized air is supplied to the air flow path 50 via the air pipe.
  • the bubble mixing device 46 a large amount of fine bubbles are dispersed and mixed almost uniformly in tap water, and a bubble flow is generated. The bubble flow is discharged from the discharge port 44.
  • the water flow path switching valve 37 and the cleaning (not shown) provided in the nozzle 39 are provided.
  • the washing water was supplied to the air bubble mixing device disposed immediately below the discharge port 42 or 43 via the water pipe, and was disposed in the air flow path switching valve 41 and the nozzle 39.
  • Pressurized air is supplied to an air bubble mixing device disposed immediately below the discharge port 42 or 43 via an air pipe (not shown).
  • a bubble mixing device disposed immediately below the discharge port 42 or 43, a large amount of fine bubbles are dispersed and mixed substantially uniformly in tap water, and a bubble flow is generated.
  • the bubble flow is discharged from the discharge port 42 or 43 to clean the portion to be cleaned.
  • the washing water flow path 47 downstream of the bubble generation member 46a extends substantially linearly. If the washing water flow path is curved, when the bubble flow flows through the curved portion, the dispersed fine bubbles are subjected to centrifugal force and aggregate and coalesce, and the bubble flow may become a slag flow / floss flow. is there. If the washing water channel 47 is extended in a substantially straight line, the aggregation and aggregation of fine bubbles due to the centrifugal force do not occur, and the bubble flow is maintained.
  • the bubble mixing device 46 is disposed in the nozzle head 39a, more specifically, directly below the discharge port 44 formed in the nozzle head 39a.
  • the nozzle head 39 a is attached to the nozzle 39 to which the bubble mixing device 46 is attached, and is detachably attached to the nozzle 39. By removing it, the inner peripheral surface of the bubble generating member 46a can be easily cleaned. Therefore, in the cleaning water discharge device C, the maintenance of the bubble mixing device 46 is easy.
  • the inner diameter of the press-fit portion of the bubble generating member 46a is set to be larger than the inner diameter of the other portion, the inner diameter of the press-fit portion after the press-fit is the inner diameter of the other portion. The turbulence of the tap water flow is prevented, and the larger diameter due to the coalescence of air bubbles Is prevented.
  • both ends of the bubble generation member 46a are press-fit portions, and the inner diameter of one of the press-fit portions is set to be larger than the inner diameter of the other portion.
  • the bubble generating member 46a is generally powder-molded, but if the inside diameter of both ends of the bubble generating member 46a is made larger than the inside diameter of other parts due to the mold, burrs are formed on one side. . Therefore, it is desirable to set the inside diameter of one of the ends to be larger than the inside diameter of the other part.
  • the bubble generation member 46a is inserted into the nozzle head 39a, directly below the discharge port 44, and the downstream end of the cleaning water flow path formed by the inner surface upward. Since the cleaning water flow path 47 downstream of the bubble generation member 46a can be extended substantially linearly, coalescence of bubbles can be prevented.
  • the water flow path switching valve 37 and the air flow path switching valve 41 are each driven synchronously by a motor.
  • the water flow path switching valve 37 and the air flow path switching valve 41 may be driven by one motor.
  • the air pump 40 is a rolling pump, but may be a vane pump, a single-port pump, a linear pump, or the like.
  • the heat exchanger 31 is a hot-water storage type with little temperature change and temperature unevenness, but may be a compact instantaneous type capable of continuous tapping, or a semi-hot water storage type having both the advantages of the hot-water storage type and the instantaneous type.
  • the semi-hot water storage type uses a heat exchanger because the hot water storage part is smaller than the conventional hot-water storage type heat exchanger, and the heater capacity is large.
  • the small hot water storage section installed on the downstream side functions as a temperature buffer for retaining washing water for a certain period of time to reduce temperature unevenness.
  • Semi-hot water storage heat exchangers not only have excellent energy-saving effects, but also contribute to improving the usability of local human body cleaning equipment.
  • the user may arbitrarily control the feeling of use by controlling the air mixing ratio. In this case, it is desirable to be able to control the air mixing rate independently of the water pressure control.
  • a heater may be provided in the air pump 40 to supply heated air to the bubble mixing device 46.
  • the warm water generated in the heat exchanger 31 is, for example, 25 to 30 ° C lukewarm water, and the heated air is mixed into the lukewarm water to make the temperature of the bubble flow to be discharged to about the body temperature. Is also good.
  • Temperature generated by heat exchanger 3 1 By using lukewarm water at a temperature of, for example, 25 ° C. to 30 ° C., the heat insulating material provided in the heat exchanger 31 can be made thin, and the human body local cleaning device can be downsized. The heat exchanger 31 may be removed, and cold water and heated air may be supplied to the bubble mixing device 46 to generate a bubble stream of hot water.
  • FIG. 14 shows an example of the relationship between the flow rate of the cleaning water and the bubble diameter immediately after the bubble generation in the cleaning water discharge device. From FIG. 14, it can be seen that the generated bubble diameter can be controlled by controlling the flow rate of the washing water. When the flow rate of the washing water is high, the shearing force from the washing water applied to the bubbles being generated is large, so that the bubbles are entrained in the washing water at an early stage of growth and dispersed and mixed into the washing water. Therefore, when the flow rate of the washing water is high, the bubble diameter is small. When the flow rate of the washing water is constant, the diameter of the generated bubble increases and decreases substantially in proportion to the opening area of the independent opening formed on the surface of the bubble generating member that contacts the cleaning water. Therefore, when the flow rate of the washing water is constant, the diameter of the generated bubbles can be controlled by controlling the diameter of the independent holes.
  • FIG. 15 shows an example of the relationship between the residence time of bubbles in the cleaning water flow path and the bubble growth rate in the cleaning water discharge device.
  • Db indicates the bubble diameter immediately after generation
  • D indicates the bubble diameter after retention.
  • the cleaning water discharge device D includes a cleaning water discharge nozzle 60.
  • the tip of the washing water discharge nozzle 60 constitutes a detachable nozzle head 60a.
  • a first discharge port 61 and a second discharge port 62 are formed in the nozzle head 60a.
  • the wash water discharge nozzle 60 and the nozzle head 60 a have a wash water flow path 63 connected to the first discharge port 61 and a wash water flow path 64 connected to the second discharge port 62. Is formed.
  • the cross-sectional area of the washing water flow path 64 is The value is set to a value larger than the cross-sectional area of the flow path 63.
  • a movable bubble mixing device 65 is provided at the base of the purified water discharge nozzle 60.
  • the bubble mixing device 65 has a cylindrical bubble generating member 65a made of a porous material forming a washing water flow path. A number of independent openings are formed on the inner peripheral surface of the bubble generation member 65a. The cross-sectional area of the washing water flow path in the bubble generation member 65a gradually increases from the upstream end to the downstream end. A pressure chamber 65b is formed around the bubble generation member 65a.
  • the bubble mixing device 65 has a nipple 66 connected to the upstream end of the cleaning water flow path in the bubble generation member 65a, and an inverted L-shaped nipple 67 communicating with the pressure chamber 65b. .
  • the nipple 66 is connected to a cleaning water supply source via a flexible tube (not shown), and the nipple 67 is connected to a pressurized air supply source via a flexible tube (not shown).
  • the bubble mixing device 65 is slidably accommodated in a guide member 68 fixed to the base of the washing water discharge nozzle 60.
  • An opening 69 formed in the guide member 68 communicates with the washing water channel 63, and an opening 70 communicates with the washing water channel 64.
  • the guide member 68 has an engaging portion 71 with a drive belt (not shown).
  • a panel 72 for urging the air bubble mixing device 65 is disposed in the guide member 68.
  • the flush water discharging device D is incorporated in a local human body cleaning device attached to a toilet bowl (not shown).
  • cleaning water is supplied from a cleaning water supply source (not shown) to the bubble mixing device 65, and pressurized air is supplied from the pressurized air supply source (not shown) to the bubble mixing device 65.
  • pressurized air is supplied from the pressurized air supply source (not shown) to the bubble mixing device 65.
  • a large number of fine bubbles are formed through the numerous independent openings formed on the inner peripheral surface of the bubble generating member 65a. Are substantially uniformly dispersed and mixed, and a bubble flow is formed.
  • the generated bubble flow passes through the opening 69 of the guide member 68 and the washing water flow path 63, and is discharged from the first discharge port 61, as can be seen from FIG.
  • the bubble flow generated by the bubble mixing device 65 passes through the opening 70 of the guide member 68 and the washing water flow path 64, and is discharged from the second discharge port 62. Since the cross-sectional area of the cleaning water flow path 64 is larger than the cross-sectional area of the cleaning water flow path 63, when the flow rates of the cleaning water flowing through the both are substantially the same, the flow velocity of the cleaning water flowing through the cleaning water flow path 64 is the cleaning water flow. It is smaller than the flow rate of the washing water flowing through the channel 63. Since the lengths of the washing water passage 63 and the washing water passage 64 are substantially the same, the time for which the bubble flow stays in the washing water passage 64 is longer than the time for which the bubble flow stays in the washing water passage 63. long.
  • the diameter of the bubbles contained in the bubble flow discharged from the discharge port 62 becomes larger than the diameter of the bubbles contained in the bubble flow discharged from the discharge port 61, and the bubbles discharged from the discharge port 62 are large.
  • the flow produces a softer washing feeling than the bubble flow discharged from the discharge port 61. If the discharge port 61 is used for washing the buttocks and the discharge port 62 is used for a bidet, as described above, if a bubble flow is selectively supplied to any one of the discharge ports via the flow path switching means. The usability of the human body local cleaning device is improved.
  • FIG. 18 shows an example of the bubble pump effect obtained by the cleaning water discharging device D.
  • Et / Ew indicates the energy amplification effect.
  • Et represents the output energy of the bubble flow in the area immediately downstream of the bubble mixing device 65
  • Ew is the energy of the cleaning water immediately upstream of the bubble mixing device 65.
  • Efficiency is expressed as E t (Ew + Ea), which is the total efficiency of the pump as the output energy E t divided by all input energy.
  • Ea is the energy of the mixed air.
  • Et, Ew, and Ea are represented by the following equations.
  • E, P, Q
  • P pressure
  • Q volume flow
  • p density
  • V velocity
  • the suffix w represents washing water when gas is not mixed immediately upstream of the bubble mixing device 65
  • suffix t Represents washing water that has become a two-phase flow after gas in the downstream area immediately adjacent to the bubble mixing device 65
  • subscript a represents air
  • Pa represents air mixing pressure excluding loss of pressure passing through the bubble mixing device 65. It is.
  • the mixed bubbles function as a bubble pump, immediately increasing the washing water speed and increasing the washing water energy. Let it. If the bubble diameter of the mixed bubble is small, the rigidity of the bubble is high and unnecessary deformation and vibration do not occur in the washing water, so that the energy loss due to the presence of the bubble in the washing water is small.
  • the bubble mixing device 65 that functions as a bubble pump, it is possible to install a low-energy-consumption local human washing device at a location with low water pressure, such as the top floor of a high-rise apartment or the second floor of a general home. It becomes possible. Even in the case where a water pump or the like is installed to install a human body cleaning device in a place where the water pressure is low, the use of the air bubble mixing device 65 can reduce the size of the pump.
  • a water tank opened to the atmosphere between the water supply pipe and the water pump to prevent backflow of sewage due to the operation of the water pump affecting the water supply pressure. It is necessary to provide.
  • the operation principle of the air bubble pump composed of the air bubble mixing device 65 is completely different from that of the conventional water pump.Even if the air bubble pump is operated, it does not affect the water pressure, so it can be directly connected to the water pipe. Therefore, when installing the body part cleaning device in a place where the water pressure is low, the body part cleaning device can be greatly simplified.
  • the bubble mixing device 65 having a bubble pump function If the bubble mixing device 65 having a bubble pump function is used, the water pressure of the tap water can be reduced, so that the pressure required for air mixing can also be reduced.
  • the independent opening formed in the inner peripheral surface of the bubble generating member 65a is closed by a compound having a hardness component such as calcium carbonate. there is a possibility.
  • the independent opening is closed, the mixed air flow rate decreases.
  • a normally closed hole for flowing the acidic aqueous solution into the washing water flow path upstream of the bubble mixing device 65 is used. It is desirable to provide By flowing the acidic aqueous solution, the compound of the hardness component attached to the inner peripheral surface of the bubble generating member 65a can be easily dissolved and removed.
  • An acidic aqueous solution generator may be provided so that an acidic aqueous solution can be generated when necessary.
  • the acid aqueous solution generating device may be a device for generating acidic water by electrolyzing washing water, or may be a device for introducing a substance which becomes acidic when dissolved in washing water.
  • the acidic aqueous solution generating device may be configured to operate at predetermined time intervals to clean the inner peripheral surface of the bubble generating member 65a, or may be configured to be operated by the user as necessary. good.
  • Fig. 19 shows the bubble generating member 65a 'in which independent openings are formed by nylon mesh.
  • a mesh 74 made of Nyopen having a mesh-like independent opening is heat-welded to a cylindrical and lattice-shaped support 75.
  • the bubble generation member 65a ' has sufficient strength.
  • the aperture shape of the mesh 74 can be arbitrarily adjusted by changing the thickness, spacing, and orientation of the fibers used.
  • the generation of calcium carbonate on the inner peripheral surfaces of the bubble generating members 3a, 13a, 46a, and 65a is suppressed, and the bubble generating members 3a, 13 a. 46a and 65a were examined on the basis of the measures to suppress the functional deterioration over time.
  • Tap water is passed through the cylindrical porous body, pressurized air is supplied around the porous body, and air bubbles are mixed into the tap water flowing through the porous body. It was ejected from. As a result of continued water flow, scale adhered to the flow path surface of the porous body, and the incorporation of bubbles into tap water was prevented. X-ray diffraction identified the major component of the scale as calcium carbonate.
  • Half of the length of the capillary of the acrylic porous body was immersed in the following three types of coating agents, pulled up, and dried.
  • Half of the length of the narrow porous polyethylene tube was immersed in the following three types of coating agents, pulled up, and dried.
  • Coating agent mixed with acrylic and silicone (Acrylic agent Q166, manufactured by Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc., Silicon FS 710, manufactured by NOF Corporation, Mitsui Toatsu) Hardening agent manufactured by Chemical Co., Ltd. P53-70S, toluene solvent were mixed in. 5 parts by weight of main ingredient And 1 part by weight of a curing agent. Appropriate amounts of silicone and solvent were added. )
  • a coating agent that cures at room temperature to form a glass (Nikko Co., Ltd. GO—100-SX (base agent, curing agent)) was used, with 1 part by weight of curing agent and 10 parts by weight of main agent. Department.)
  • a coating agent that mixes acrylic and silicone and a coating agent that hardens at room temperature to form a glass are effective in suppressing the precipitation of calcium carbonate. It is a target.
  • a coating agent composed of a mixture of acrylic and silicone, and a coating agent mainly composed of alkylpolysiloxane are effective in suppressing the precipitation of carbonic acid.
  • Coating agents consisting of a mixture of acrylic and silicone, coating agents based on alkylpolysiloxane, and coating agents that cure at room temperature to form glass are all siloxane-bonded. (Si bond). Therefore, a coating agent containing a component having a siloxane bond is effective in suppressing precipitation of calcium carbonate.
  • Fig. 21 shows the test equipment.
  • test device of the second 1 view while supplying air at a flow rate of ldm 3 Bruno fraction to the pressure chamber through the air pump, water Michisui adjusting the hardness 1 5 0 tubules port triethylene porous body was passed through at a flow rate of 0.5 dm 3 Z, and a bubble flow was discharged from a thin tube of a polyethylene porous body.
  • Fig. 24 also shows the results of a similar test performed using capillary tubes of the same size and having the same dimensions without surface treatment.
  • Tap water adjusted to a hardness of 300 was passed through the thin tube at a flow rate of 0.5 dm 3 / min, and a bubble flow was discharged from the narrow tube of the acrylic porous body.
  • the pressure rise of the air flowing into the pressure chamber over time was measured while repeatedly stopping the water flow for 5 seconds after the water flow for 1 minute.
  • Fig. 26 shows the results of a similar test performed using an acrylic porous tubule of the same dimensions without surface treatment.
  • the compounding ratio was 1 part by weight of the curing agent to 5 parts by weight of the main agent, and 0.3 part by weight of silicone The solvent was added in an appropriate amount.
  • a coating agent containing alkylpolysiloxane as the main component glass power (agent A and B) manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd.) and an isopropyl alcohol solvent were mixed.
  • the mixing ratio was 3 parts by weight of agent A and 1 part by weight of agent B.
  • An appropriate amount of isoprene propyl alcohol solvent was added.
  • a thin tube (outer diameter x inner diameter x length) of polyethylene porous material coated on the inner surface Is stored in a pressure chamber, and air is supplied to the pressure chamber via an air pump at a flow rate of ldm 3 / min.
  • the surface treatment using a coating agent containing alkylpolysiloxane as the main component prevents calcium carbonate from depositing on the inner surface of the narrow tube of polyethylene porous material. It turns out that it is suppressed.
  • the cleaning water discharge device A shown in FIG. 5 may be applied to a human body local cleaning device attached to a toilet.
  • an on-off valve is provided in the middle of the piping 2 upstream of the constant flow valve 5, and the piping between the constant flow valve 5 and the bubble mixing device 3 is provided.
  • a heating device for heating the washing water is provided in the middle of Step 2, and a driving device for moving the washing water nozzle 1 forward and backward is provided.
  • a high detergency is obtained by discharging the bubble flow, a soft cleaning feeling is obtained, and a high water saving effect is obtained.
  • the control device 4e may variably control the voltage applied to the air pump 4c.
  • the control device 4e may variably control the voltage applied to the air pump 4c.
  • a pressure sensor is installed in the pipe 4a downstream of the air pump 4c in the human body cleaning device equipped with the flushing water discharge device A, and the applied voltage of the air pump 4c is applied to the control device 4e based on the output of the pressure sensor. May be variably controlled.
  • a rotation speed detection device for detecting the rotation speed of the air pump 4c may be provided, and the control device 4e may variably control the voltage applied to the air pump 4c based on the output of the rotation speed detection device.
  • an air release valve may be provided in the pipe 4a downstream of the air pump 4c, and the controller 4e may control the opening and closing of the air release valve.
  • the control device 4e opens the on-off valve provided on the way of the pipe 2 upstream of the constant flow valve 5 at predetermined time intervals, and the clean water discharge device A Cleaning water may be supplied, or the control device 4e may drive the air pump 4c at predetermined time intervals. At predetermined time intervals, flush water flows into the flush water discharge device A, and the air pump 4c is driven to supply pressurized air to the bubble generating member 3a, thereby automatically maintaining the bubble generating member 3a.
  • the function of the local cleaning device can be maintained for a long time.
  • the control device 4e is required to cut off the on-off valve arranged on the way of the pipe 2 upstream of the constant flow valve 5 during the operation of the air pump 4c. It may be closed and intermittently stop the flow of water to the washing water channel. During the operation of the air pump 4c, the flow of water into the washing water flow path is intermittently stopped, and air is discharged from the bubble generation member 3a to separate calcium adhering to the inner peripheral surface, thereby generating bubbles. Precipitation of calcium on the flow channel surface of the generating member 3a is effectively suppressed.
  • the control device 4e In the human body cleaning device equipped with the flushing water discharge device A, after the operation switch is turned on and before the flushing water discharge nozzle 1 is driven to a predetermined position, the control device 4e is in the middle of the pipe 2 upstream of the constant flow valve 5 Open the on-off valve that is provided and wash water into the wash water discharge device A. Or the control device 4e may drive the air pump 4c. By performing such preliminary operation, the bubble flow can be reliably discharged from the cleaning water discharge nozzle 1 moved to a predetermined position.
  • a volatile component mixing device may be connected in the middle of the pipe 4a downstream of the air pump 4c. By mixing volatile components such as deodorants and fragrances into the gas in the air bubbles mixed into the cleaning water, the usability of the local human body cleaning device is improved.
  • the cleaning water discharge device A shown in FIG. 5 may be applied to a hot water supply device.
  • the flow sensor 180, water temperature sensor 81, water heating device 82, hot water temperature sensor 83, hot water mixing device 84 A mixed water temperature sensor 85 and a flow control valve 86 are provided downstream of the flow control valve.
  • a washing water discharge device A is provided downstream of the flow control valve.
  • the wash water discharge nozzle 1 of the wash water discharge device A constitutes a shower nozzle, a faucet device, a faucet device, and the like provided in the bathroom.
  • the control device 4e of the washing water discharge device A is configured to control the operations of the water heating device 82, the hot and cold water mixing device 84, the flow control valve 86, and the like.
  • the control device 4 is controlled based on the water supply flow rate detected by the flow rate sensor 180, the water temperature detected by the water temperature sensor 181, and the hot water temperature detected by the hot water temperature sensor 83. e controls the operation of the water heating device 82 to generate hot water of a desired temperature.c The control device 4 e controls the mixing of the hot water temperature detected by the hot water temperature sensor 183 and the hot water temperature detected by the mixed water temperature sensor 185. The operation of the hot and cold water mixing device 84 is controlled based on the water temperature, and the hot water and the water are appropriately mixed to generate mixed water at an appropriate temperature. The device 4e controls the operation of the flow control valve 86 to flow the mixed water having an appropriate temperature and an appropriate flow through the pipe 2.
  • the control device 4e controls the operation of the air pump 4c of the cleaning water discharge device A, and disperses and mixes a large amount of fine bubbles into the mixed water of an appropriate temperature flowing through the pipe 2.
  • a bubble stream of hot water is discharged from a shower nozzle, a faucet device, a faucet device, and the like provided in the bathroom, which are formed by the cleaning water discharge nozzle 1 of the water discharge device A.
  • a flow sensor is installed immediately upstream of the shower nozzle or immediately upstream of the faucet device.When discharging hot water from the faucet device, stop the air pump 4c and discharge hot water free of air bubbles. May be configured.
  • the hot water supply device equipped with the flush water discharge device A the amount of hot water used decreases due to the water saving effect of the flush water discharge device A. As a result, the size of the water heating device 82 can be reduced, and the size of the hot water supply device can be reduced, and energy can be saved.
  • the cleaning water discharge device A shown in FIG. 5 may be applied to a shower device.
  • the cleaning water discharge nozzle 1 constitutes a shower nozzle as shown in Fig. 31 (a) and Fig. 31 (b).
  • the bubble mixing device 3 is provided in the washing water discharge nozzle 1.
  • Bubble generating member 3 a is a cylindrical body 3 a made of a porous material, and is constituted by an end plate 3 a 2 to seal cylinder 3 a, the end surfaces of the. Cylindrical body 3a! And the and the end plate 3 a 2, a large number of through-holes 3 a 3 are formed.
  • the peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 3 a, the through-hole 3 a 3 formed on the large number of fine fine independent openings are formed.
  • the bubble generating member 3a is press-fitted and fixed to the washing water discharge nozzle 1.
  • a dispersing plate 1 a is detachably attached to the tip of the washing water discharge nozzle 1.
  • a pressure chamber 3b is formed around the bubble generating member 3a.
  • the wash water discharging nozzle 1 an air flow passage 1 c communicating with the washing water flow path 1 b and the pressure chamber 3 b communicating with the air bubble generating member 3 a through hole 3 a 3 a are formed.
  • the washing water channel 1b is connected to the pipe 2, and the air channel 1c is connected to the pipe 4a. Except that the washing water discharge nozzle 1 constitutes a shower nozzle and the bubble mixing device 3 is arranged in the washing water discharge nozzle 1, this shower device is the same as the hot water supply device shown in Fig. 30. It has the same configuration.
  • Hot water and pressurized air at an appropriate temperature are supplied to the washing water discharge nozzle 1.
  • Hot water passes through the washing water flow path 1 b, Ru flows into the bubble generation member 3 a through hole 3 a 3 a.
  • the pressurized air flows into the pressure chamber 3b through the air passage 1c. Pressurized air becomes a large amount of fine bubbles through the bubble generation member 3 a, dispersed mixed into the water flowing through the through-hole 3 a 3.
  • a bubble flow in which a large amount of fine bubbles are dispersed and mixed in the hot water passes through the dispersion plate 1a and is discharged as a bubble flow shower.
  • the washing water discharge device A shown in FIG. 5 may be applied to a hair washing device.
  • a drain hole 90a is formed in the bottom wall of the ball 90, and a plurality of temporal and occipital shower nozzles 91 are formed in the side wall of the ball 90.
  • a plurality of sharpening nozzles 92 and a sharpening nozzle 93 for the forehead are mounted.
  • the ball 90 is mounted on a stand (not shown).
  • the cleaning water discharge device having the shower nozzles 91 and 93 is constituted by a cleaning water discharge device A applied to the shower device shown in FIGS. 31 (a) and 31 (b).
  • the washing water and the pressurized air are supplied to a plurality of washing water discharge nozzles.
  • a shampoo is supplied to a shampoo nozzle 92 from a supply device (not shown).
  • the user of the present hair washing apparatus places the back of the head on the ball 90 while lying on his back.
  • a cover (not shown) is placed on the ball 90 to cover the forehead and the top. Press the control switch (not shown) to discharge the shampoo liquid from the shampoo nozzle 92 and wash the hair, and then discharge the bubbles of cleaning water from the shower nozzles 91 and 93 to clean the hair. Rinse. Wastewater is discharged from the drain hole 90a.
  • a cover (not shown) prevents the shampoo and washing water from scattering during hair washing.
  • the hair washing device equipped with the washing water discharge device A In the hair washing device equipped with the washing water discharge device A, a strong washing power and a high water saving effect can be obtained.
  • the contact area between the washing water and the air is very large.
  • chlorine contained in the wash water (tap water) is quickly degassed.
  • Degassing of chlorine from cleaning water prevents damage to the hair due to chlorine, which is highly reactive.
  • cleansing gas such as carbon dioxide that absorbs water quickly May be mixed. Since degassing of chlorine is performed immediately before the discharge of cleaning water, there is no risk that bacteria will propagate in the cleaning water due to degassing of chlorine.
  • the cleaning water discharge device A is applied to a cleaning device for cleaning the skin of a human body, the effect of preventing skin damage due to degassing of chlorine can be obtained.
  • the flush water discharge device A shown in FIG. 5 may be applied to a faucet device. Applicable to faucet equipment As shown in Figs. 35 to 37, in the cleaning water discharge device A that is used, the cleaning water discharge nozzle 1 constitutes the water discharge head of the faucet device, and the bubble mixing device 3 performs the cleaning. It is installed in the water discharge nozzle 1.
  • the washing water discharge nozzle 1 is formed with a washing water passage 1 d communicating with the bubble generation member 3 a and an air passage 1 e communicating with the pressure chamber 3 b.
  • the washing water discharge nozzle 1 is screw-fixed to a rotatable water discharge pipe 101 of the faucet apparatus main body 100.
  • the washing water flow path 1 d of the washing water discharge nozzle 1 is connected to the pipe 2 via a pipe (not shown) formed in the water discharge pipe 101, and the air flow path 1 e of the washing water discharge nozzle 1 is connected to the water discharge pipe 10. It is connected to the pipe 4a via the pipe (not shown) formed in 1.
  • the cleaning water discharge nozzle 1 constitutes a water discharge head, and the bubble mixing device 3 is disposed in the cleaning water discharge nozzle 1.
  • This faucet device has the same configuration as the hot water supply device shown in FIG. 30 except that it has a faucet device body 100 and a water discharge pipe 101.
  • the water flow rate and the air flow rate are adjusted by the operation unit 100a of the faucet device main body 100.
  • the washing water discharge device A shown in FIG. 5 may be applied to a face washing device.
  • the specific configuration of the face-washing device may be the same as the hair-washing device of FIGS. 32 to 34.
  • the washing water discharging device A shown in FIG. 5 may be applied to an eye washing device.
  • the specific structure of the face-washing device is as follows: the piping 2 downstream of the air mixing device 3 of the washing water discharge device A in Fig. 5 is a flexible pipe, and the washing water discharge nozzle 1 is a handy size to facilitate eye washing work. Anything that you want to do is fine.
  • a soft washing feeling and sufficient washing power can be obtained by setting the gas-liquid ratio relatively low.
  • the cleaning water discharge device A shown in FIG. 5 may be applied to a palate cleaning device.
  • the specific structure of the palate cleaning is as follows: the pipe 2 downstream of the air mixing device 3 of the cleaning water discharge device A in Fig. 5 is a flexible pipe, and the cleaning water discharge nozzle 1 is slender and handy, and the palate cleaning is performed. What was made easy may be sufficient.
  • the cleaning water discharge device A shown in FIG. 5 may be applied to a hand cleaning device.
  • the specific configuration of the hand washing device may be the same as the faucet device of FIGS. 35 to 37, and a hot air discharge device is provided near the faucet device of FIGS. 35 to 37 to perform cleaning. It may be one that can be dried later.
  • the cleaning water discharge device A shown in FIG. 5 may be applied to a bathtub.
  • the specific configuration of the bathtub may be such that the cleaning water discharge nozzle 1 of the cleaning water discharge device A shown in FIG. 5 is attached to the side wall of the bathtub.
  • a massage effect can be obtained by applying a bubble flow to the body.
  • the cleaning water discharge device A may be applied to an ultrasonic cleaning device.
  • the frequency of the pressure fluctuation on the surface to be cleaned i.e., the frequency of the vibration c
  • Ultrasonic vibration has a short wavelength, so it can reach and clean dirt that has entered, for example, wrinkles and irregularities on the human body surface, and its cleaning power is extremely high.
  • High-frequency vibration has a short wavelength and can clean even fine irregularities, but the vibration is damped quickly.
  • the washing area is small.
  • Low frequency vibration has a long wavelength and low local cleaning power, but the vibration is attenuated slowly and the cleaning area is large.
  • the bubble diameter can be controlled under the same amount of air, the number of bubbles colliding with the surface to be cleaned per unit time can be controlled, and the frequency of vibration generated on the surface to be cleaned can be controlled. That is, by controlling the bubble diameter, it is possible to control the range and strength of the cleaning power.
  • the vibration frequency is low, so it is possible to clean a wide range evenly.
  • the vibration frequency is high, so it is possible to remove local strong dirt.
  • the vibration frequency is high, the attenuation is fast, so that the vibration is attenuated on the surface of the human body, and the stimulation on the surface of the skin is strongly felt.
  • the frequency range from about 5 Hz to about 30 Hz is very suitable because it has a high massage effect because it approximately matches the frequency of free vibration near the skin surface of the human body, and gives a high amount of water with a small amount of washing water. .
  • the cleaning water discharge device uses the bubble generating member made of a porous material to generate fine bubbles and disperse and mix the cleaning water in the cleaning water. After that, the mixed air bubbles may be crushed to be fine.
  • a constant flow valve 1 1 1 1 As shown in FIG. 38, in the washing water discharge device E, a constant flow valve 1 1 1, a bubble mixing device 1 1 2 A foam crusher 1 13 is attached, and a washing water discharge nozzle 11 is attached at the downstream end of the pipe 110.
  • the bubble mixing device 1 1 2 is composed of a pipe 1 1 2 a forming a washing water flow path, and a thin pipe 1 1 2 b substantially orthogonal to the pipe 1 1 2 a and opened on the inner surface of the side wall of the pipe 1 12 a. ing.
  • the bubble crusher 1 13 has a pipe 1 13a that forms the washing water flow path, and a single opening 1 1 3 installed in the pipe 1 13a.
  • a baffle plate 1 13 b having a pipe, or as shown in FIG. 3 9 (b), a pipe 1 13 a forming a washing water channel, and a plurality of pipes attached in the pipe 1 13 a.
  • the mesh 113d is formed by stacking a plurality of woven or nonwoven fabrics of synthetic resin fibers or metal fibers.
  • a forced air supply device 1 15 having an air pump 1 15 a is connected to the thin tube 1 1 2 b of the bubble mixing device 1 12.
  • the pressurized air supplied from the forced air supply device 115 mixes into the washing water flowing in the pipe 112a through the thin tube 112b. Since the thin tube 1 12b is open to the inner surface of the side wall of the pipe 112a, bubbles generated at the end of the thin tube 112b grow in a direction substantially orthogonal to the washing water flow. As a result, the bubbles are subjected to a shearing force from the washing water flowing through the pipe 112a and leave the end of the thin tube 112b at the initial stage of growth, and are taken into the washing water. Therefore, relatively small bubbles are mixed into the washing water.
  • the bubble crusher 1 1 When passing through the opening 1 1 3 c, 3 baffle plate 1 1 3 c, the cross-sectional area of the flow path decreases, the flow velocity of the cleaning water flow increases, and the shear force from the cleaning water applied to the small-diameter bubbles increases. As a result, the small bubbles are crushed into fine bubbles.
  • a cleaning water discharge device that discharges a bubble flow to increase the cleaning power of the cleaning water, realizes a soft cleaning feeling, and realizes significant water saving.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
  • Bathtubs, Showers, And Their Attachments (AREA)
  • Bidet-Like Cleaning Device And Other Flush Toilet Accessories (AREA)
  • Domestic Plumbing Installations (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un appareil de décharge d'eau de lavage comprenant un organe de décharge d'eau de lavage, d'un organe d'alimentation en eau permettant d'alimenter en eau de lavage l'organe de décharge d'eau de lavage, et d'un mélangeur de bulles permettant de mélanger des bulles dans l'eau de lavage circulant dans un passage d'écoulement d'eau de lavage. En l'occurrence, c'est le mélange bulles dans l'eau, obtenu en dispersant une grande quantité de fines bulles dans l'eau de lavage, qui est déchargé.
PCT/JP1998/003633 1997-08-15 1998-08-14 Appareil de decharge d'eau de lavage WO1999009265A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000509911A JP3702787B2 (ja) 1997-08-15 1998-08-14 洗浄水吐出装置
EP98937832A EP1036889A4 (fr) 1997-08-15 1998-08-14 Appareil de decharge d'eau de lavage
KR1020007001545A KR20010022937A (ko) 1997-08-15 1998-08-14 세정수 토출 장치
AU86493/98A AU8649398A (en) 1997-08-15 1998-08-14 Cleaning water discharge apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP9/220499 1997-08-15
JP22049997 1997-08-15
JP9/348844 1997-12-18
JP34884497 1997-12-18
JP10699098 1998-04-01
JP10/106990 1998-04-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999009265A1 true WO1999009265A1 (fr) 1999-02-25

Family

ID=27310879

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/JP1998/003633 WO1999009265A1 (fr) 1997-08-15 1998-08-14 Appareil de decharge d'eau de lavage

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1036889A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP3702787B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20010022937A (fr)
CN (1) CN1275180A (fr)
AU (1) AU8649398A (fr)
TW (1) TW387026B (fr)
WO (1) WO1999009265A1 (fr)

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JP2007117314A (ja) * 2005-10-26 2007-05-17 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd キッチン用流し台
US7758024B2 (en) 2005-11-11 2010-07-20 Shoei Butsuryu Co., Ltd. Microbubble generating device and hair washing device utilizing the same
JP2011089314A (ja) * 2009-10-22 2011-05-06 Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd 給水給湯システム

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DE19852411A1 (de) 1998-11-13 2000-05-18 Grohe Kg Hans Wasserstrahlbelüfter
KR20020004562A (ko) * 2000-07-06 2002-01-16 강원석 초음파를 이용한 샤워기
KR101196154B1 (ko) 2008-05-14 2012-10-30 파나소닉 주식회사 노즐 장치와 그것을 사용한 위생 세정 장치
JP5612836B2 (ja) * 2008-07-03 2014-10-22 パナソニック株式会社 衛生洗浄装置
EP2305903A1 (fr) * 2009-09-28 2011-04-06 Toto Ltd. Dispositif de lavage de parties privées
EP2312069B1 (fr) * 2009-09-30 2016-03-23 Toto Ltd. Appareil de lavage sanitaire
DK2357423T3 (da) * 2009-12-24 2014-10-27 Geberit Int Ag Indretning til behandling af vaskevand til et vandkloset med bidet og fremgangsmåde til drift af en sådan indretning
EP2407602B1 (fr) * 2010-07-16 2020-02-12 Toto Ltd. Appareil de lavage sanitaire
EP2696004B1 (fr) * 2011-04-06 2020-06-10 Toto Ltd. Dispositif de lavage hygiénique
KR101348651B1 (ko) * 2011-07-27 2014-01-08 토토 가부시키가이샤 토수 장치
KR101936740B1 (ko) * 2012-09-06 2019-01-11 코웨이 주식회사 온수배출장치
TWI580846B (zh) * 2013-03-13 2017-05-01 松下知識產權經營股份有限公司 水龍頭
CN103405202B (zh) * 2013-08-19 2016-06-22 深圳市润唐发明电器有限公司 一种喷头和一种清洗机
JP6548140B2 (ja) * 2014-10-14 2019-07-24 Toto株式会社 衛生洗浄装置
US10688971B2 (en) * 2015-05-07 2020-06-23 Jetwipe 2017 Ivs Wiperless cleaning system for transparent surfaces using air jets
JP6774618B2 (ja) * 2016-03-28 2020-10-28 Toto株式会社 衛生洗浄装置
JP6452000B2 (ja) * 2016-05-23 2019-01-16 Toto株式会社 浴槽装置
JP6948144B2 (ja) * 2017-04-13 2021-10-13 東芝ライフスタイル株式会社 水洗便器装置、洗浄水タンク装置、及び局部洗浄装置
JP7185390B2 (ja) * 2017-04-13 2022-12-07 東芝ライフスタイル株式会社 洗浄方法、洗濯機、食器洗浄機、及び便器
CN107235565A (zh) * 2017-07-27 2017-10-10 中国地质大学（武汉） 一种基于调节co2分压处理高硬度地下水的装置和方法
CN107377252A (zh) * 2017-08-22 2017-11-24 河北态及环保科技有限公司 一种泡沫发生装置及应用其的气味抑制剂喷洒装置
CN108343130B (zh) * 2018-01-31 2020-02-21 江苏大学 一种用于坐便器的旋转水清洗装置
CN110403545A (zh) * 2018-04-27 2019-11-05 七道水（厦门）环保科技有限公司 一种纳米气泡洗涤喷枪
CN108775057A (zh) * 2018-08-10 2018-11-09 上海行恒科技有限公司 一种马桶桶缸注入微纳米气泡的方法和装置
KR102155599B1 (ko) * 2019-12-09 2020-09-14 다로스 주식회사 마이크로웨이브 모션 센서 기반의 급수 시스템 및 그 방법
CN111549511A (zh) * 2020-04-30 2020-08-18 佛山市顺德区美的电热电器制造有限公司 蒸汽发生系统和蒸汽设备

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007117314A (ja) * 2005-10-26 2007-05-17 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd キッチン用流し台
US7758024B2 (en) 2005-11-11 2010-07-20 Shoei Butsuryu Co., Ltd. Microbubble generating device and hair washing device utilizing the same
JP2011089314A (ja) * 2009-10-22 2011-05-06 Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd 給水給湯システム

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1036889A4 (fr) 2001-01-24
JP3702787B2 (ja) 2005-10-05
KR20010022937A (ko) 2001-03-26
EP1036889A1 (fr) 2000-09-20
AU8649398A (en) 1999-03-08
TW387026B (en) 2000-04-11
CN1275180A (zh) 2000-11-29

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