WO1999006989A1 - Procede et appareil de commande de la production de son a frequence constante d'un pavillon electrique - Google Patents

Procede et appareil de commande de la production de son a frequence constante d'un pavillon electrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999006989A1
WO1999006989A1 PCT/CN1998/000135 CN9800135W WO9906989A1 WO 1999006989 A1 WO1999006989 A1 WO 1999006989A1 CN 9800135 W CN9800135 W CN 9800135W WO 9906989 A1 WO9906989 A1 WO 9906989A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
frequency
duty cycle
signal
horn
unit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN1998/000135
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Yu Wan
Original Assignee
Yu Wan
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yu Wan filed Critical Yu Wan
Priority to EP98936070A priority Critical patent/EP0999539B1/en
Priority to DE69841887T priority patent/DE69841887D1/de
Priority to AU85279/98A priority patent/AU8527998A/en
Priority to JP2000505631A priority patent/JP2001512254A/ja
Priority to KR10-2000-7001033A priority patent/KR100525806B1/ko
Priority to US09/463,483 priority patent/US6456193B1/en
Publication of WO1999006989A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999006989A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q5/00—Arrangement or adaptation of acoustic signal devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K9/00—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers
    • G10K9/12—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a motor vehicle electric motor P8, in particular to a method and a device for controlling electric motors to generate sound at a stable frequency.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for generating a signal source with continuously adjustable frequency and duty cycle.
  • the electric microphone of a motor vehicle is basically driven by an electromagnet with a diaphragm, and the diaphragm pushes the air to make sound.
  • the pull-in of this electromagnet is controlled by a contact point.
  • Contacts work at a very high frequency (generally 300-600HZ), large currents on and off generate a large spark, the contact is not only short-lived due to the erosion of the spark, but also constantly deviates from the factory adjustment
  • the frequency and sound level cause the disadvantages of changing the sound, reducing the sound and increasing the noise, and in the production process, it is necessary to make the sound frequency of the horn consistent with the inherent mechanical resonance point of the horn to achieve the maximum sound efficiency and power saving. It ’s also very difficult.
  • Quartz crystal oscillators or high-stability oscillators in some semiconductor chips have a high frequency stability, which can generally reach tens of PPM, and the general frequency division method can only generate a frequency of 2-1 / N.
  • the mechanical resonance frequency is generally at a frequency between 300-600HZ, so instead of using the normal frequency division method, the digital VC0 voltage controlled oscillator frequency division can solve the frequency division problem, but it cannot solve the arbitrary adjustment of the pulse width. Problems, and because of its high price and adjustment method relative to the speaker should not be used in the speaker.
  • the objective of the present invention is to design and provide a stable frequency reference signal using a frequency-stabilized oscillator, such as a quartz crystal oscillator, which is controlled by a single-chip microcomputer, according to the inherent acoustic parameters of each electric horn. Carry out frequency correction so that the electric horn can achieve better sound effect under the driving of the electronic driving signal, thereby overcoming the prior art electric horn Existing method and device for changing sound (frequency change) and unstable output sound level.
  • a method for controlling stable frequency sound of an electric horn includes the following steps: generating a stable frequency fundamental frequency signal; pre-dividing the fundamental frequency signal generated by the fundamental frequency signal generating step.
  • One of the frequencies described in the above-mentioned frequency correction step of the method of the first aspect of the present invention is the mechanical resonance frequency of the electric diaphragm.
  • a method for microprocessor-controlled stable sound emission of an electric horn includes the following steps: generating a stable frequency fundamental frequency signal;
  • the duty cycle parameter of the microprocessor, the frequency and the duty cycle of the fundamental frequency signal generated by the fundamental frequency signal generating step are adjusted by the microprocessor at the same time, so that the subsequent pulse signal has a selected frequency and a duty cycle, wherein the selected The frequency is close to the mechanical resonance frequency in the working frequency range of the electric horn, and the selected duty cycle is sufficient to achieve better sound characteristics; the output buffer and power amplification of the signal output in the frequency and duty cycle adjustment steps ; Then the buffered and amplified frequency signal is sent to the electric horn to drive the electric horn to work.
  • a device for controlling stable frequency sound of an electric horn includes: a fundamental frequency signal generating unit for generating a stable frequency fundamental frequency signal; a prescaler unit for: Pre-divide the fundamental frequency signal generated by the fundamental frequency signal generating unit to a selected value close to a certain frequency in the working frequency range of the electric P-band; a frequency correction unit is used to The pulse signal generated by the frequency dividing unit performs frequency correction so that the frequency of the output pulse signal is consistent with a certain frequency within the working frequency range of the electric P-diaphragm; the duty cycle correcting unit is used according to the selected duty cycle parameter Adjust the duty cycle of the pulse signal after frequency correction so as to achieve better sounding characteristics; the buffer amplifying unit is used for output buffering and power amplification of the signal output from the duty cycle correcting unit, In order to send the buffered amplified frequency signal to the electric horn to drive the electric horn to work.
  • the prescaler unit and the frequency correction unit can be implemented by a single chip microcomputer, or by a microprocessor circuit or chip having a CPU, 1/0, RAM, ROM (EPROM, EEPROM. FLASH or other similar storage function) or other similar functions.
  • the output sound level of the electric horn is controlled by changing the power supply voltage of the device to be used as a variable sound level horn.
  • a method for generating a stable frequency and adjustable duty cycle signal source by using a single-chip microcomputer includes the following steps: generating a stable frequency fundamental frequency signal; Base frequency signal is pre-divided so that the frequency of the pre-divided pulse signal falls within the preset operating frequency range; frequency correction is performed on the pulse signal generated by the pre-division step according to the selected operating frequency to make the output pulse signal frequency Consistent with the required operating frequency; adjust the duty cycle of the pulse signal after frequency correction according to the selected duty cycle.
  • the duty cycle adjustment range may be 1%-99%.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the present invention uses a frequency-stabilizing (such as quartz crystal) oscillator to generate a stable reference signal, and the single-chip microcomputer controls it according to a specific program to generate a specific frequency in accordance with the characteristics of the LP eight full-band pronunciation and uses a software program to generate a specific pulse width.
  • the data of each speaker in the memory is corrected, and the driver ’s diaphragm electromagnet is driven to make sound after being amplified, which solves the general method that the frequency of a frequency-stable oscillator (such as a quartz crystal oscillator) cannot be arbitrarily divided, and the digital VC0 is used.
  • the voltage-controlled oscillator can solve the problem of frequency division, it cannot solve the problem of arbitrary pulse width adjustment, and its high price and adjustment method relative to the speaker should not be applied to the speaker.
  • the speaker of the present invention has a long service life, and overcomes the disadvantages of changing the sound and reducing the sound produced by the original contact-type speaker that constantly deviates from the frequency and sound level adjusted at the time of delivery, and can achieve maximum sound efficiency and save time. Electrical status. At the same time, it also overcomes the disadvantages of various electric horns that use electronic devices to cancel the contact, which are affected by ambient temperature and the voltage of the motor vehicle, which cause the output frequency to change, resulting in a change in sound and a significant decrease in the output sound level.
  • the invention can realize multiple uses of one machine. Except as a locomotive electric horn that has been given a stable and adjustable frequency drive, it maintains a stable frequency output even when the supply voltage of the locomotive changes greatly, and it only outputs when the voltage changes. There is a change in the sound level. For example, a single-chip microcomputer with a nominal voltage of 12V controls the sound-emitting frequency-stabilizing electric horn to work stably in the range of 6.5 to 16V, which solves the existing problem.
  • Technology Various types of diaphragm sounding horns driven by electromagnets cannot be solved. Because its output frequency has nothing to do with voltage, it can be used as a variable sound level horn by changing the input voltage.
  • Low-level tweets are used in cities to reduce Environmental pollution. Use high-level tweets to ensure driving safety in noisy areas. In addition, it can also be used as a signal source with adjustable frequency and pulse width.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for controlling stable frequency sound of an electric horn according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of another method for controlling electric p-stable sound generation by a microprocessor according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a device for controlling steady-frequency sound emission of an electric horn according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a preferred embodiment for controlling the frequency-stabilized sound emission of the electric signal according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for controlling frequency-sounding sound emission of an electric horn according to the present invention.
  • the method is implemented by an electronic component such as a single chip microcomputer.
  • the first step is to perform a series of preparation steps: power-on initialization, frequency stabilization (quartz oscillator or microcontroller built-in oscillator), the oscillator is started, and the registers in the microcontroller are reset to "0", and each port of the microcontroller is designated as specified It is required to be set to the input or output state.
  • frequency stabilization quartz oscillator or microcontroller built-in oscillator
  • the high-frequency signal generated by the frequency-stabilizing oscillator is pre-divided to a set value according to the frequency within the working range of the speaker specified by the program using some registers of the single-chip microcomputer.
  • the set value should be in the working of the speaker. Within the frequency range or similar.
  • the frequency division correction step perform precise frequency division correction on the pulses after pre-frequency division processing, so that the output pulse frequency is consistent with the mechanical resonance frequency of each horn, usually the accuracy can reach ⁇ 0.05HZ, of course
  • the frequency of the output pulse after the frequency division correction can also be other frequencies within the working range of the electric signal, as long as it can satisfy the purpose of making the electric horn better.
  • the specific method of frequency division correction is to lengthen or shorten the duration of the high and low levels of the frequency pulse by using the software of the single-chip microcomputer according to the difference between the duration of the high and low levels between different frequencies in a cycle. Then it enters the pulse duty cycle correction step.
  • the ratio of the high and low time of the pulse train after the frequency division correction step is corrected to make the speaker achieve better sound characteristic.
  • the better sounding characteristics mentioned here refer to a certain acoustic effect of a certain type of speaker after subjective monitoring and horn sounding spectrum measurement, which is confirmed after repeated comparison and review. It is not a certain value and can be slightly Variety.
  • the duty cycle of the pulse (driving signal) can be arbitrarily adjusted within the range of 1% to 99%. Different speakers can select different duty cycle parameters. Then, it enters the buffer amplification step, buffers the pulse signal output by the single-chip microcomputer, and performs current amplification on the buffered pulse signal, so as to promote the electromagnetic coil of the horn. Finally, the buffered amplified pulse signal drives the electric horn to make a sound.
  • a quartz crystal oscillator or a semiconductor chip internal or external highly stable oscillator is used to generate a stable reference, and a microcontroller (instruction) (or software) is used to control it to generate a reference frequency that meets the characteristics of the speaker's full-band pronunciation using software to generate a specific pulse width reference frequency. And correct according to the data of each horn in the memory, and then drive the horn diaphragm electromagnet to make sound after amplification. It is also possible to cure all or part of the frequency characteristics of a certain "eight" diaphragm in the chip, and select a better pulse width output frequency suitable for the characteristics of a certain horn diaphragm through the frequency adjustment setting device.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of another embodiment of a method for microprocessor-controlled electric horn frequency stabilization sound generation according to the present invention; the difference between this embodiment and the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is that it is based on the selected horn frequency parameter and selected
  • the duty cycle parameter of the microprocessor uses the microprocessor to adjust the frequency and duty cycle of the fundamental frequency signal generated in the fundamental frequency signal generating step at the same step, so that the fundamental frequency signal is directly converted into a signal having a selected frequency and duty cycle.
  • the pulse signal that is, one step replaces the pre-frequency division step, the frequency division correction step, and the pulse duty cycle correction step shown in FIG. 1.
  • the specific method is as follows: According to the working frequency parameter of the electric horn to be controlled stored in the memory and the duty cycle parameter when it is better to work (these parameters can also be preset in the instruction or register), the calculation is performed by the microcontroller or the microprocessor. Find out the high and low level duration of the required driving signal, and then process the previously generated reference signal through methods such as time delay or counting, and convert the reference signal into a driving pulse signal with the required frequency and duty cycle, so that Ma £ electrokinetic La p VIII.
  • FIG. 3 is a principle diagram of a device for controlling steady frequency sound emission of an electric horn according to the present invention.
  • the baseband signal generating unit 1 After the control device is powered on, the baseband signal generating unit 1 generates a stable baseband signal, and then outputs the generated frequency signal to the prescaler unit 2, which is used to prescale the input baseband signal.
  • the resulting signal is sent to the frequency correction unit 3, which reads the selected speaker frequency from the speaker data memory 9 Parameters, and perform frequency correction on the pulse signal generated by the prescaler unit 2 according to the frequency parameter, so that the output pulse signal frequency is consistent with a certain frequency within the working frequency range of the electric signal; the duty cycle correction unit 4 receives the frequency
  • the modified pulse signal is read out from the pulse duty cycle correction memory 10 and the selected duty cycle parameter is read out, and then the duty cycle adjusted pulse frequency signal is adjusted according to the selected duty cycle parameter.
  • the buffer amplifying unit 5 receives the pulse signal output from the duty correction unit 4, and then performs output buffer amplification on the pulse frequency signal, and the frequency signal after the buffer amplification is subjected to power
  • the amplifying unit 6 performs power amplification and sends it to the electric horn unit 8 through the output protection circuit 7 to drive the electric horn to work.
  • the functions of the horn data memory 9 and the pulse duty correction memory 10 may be implemented by the same memory unit, or may be completed by different memories.
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a preferred embodiment of controlling the stable frequency sound of the electric horn according to the present invention.
  • the resistor or current limiting resistor
  • R 2 or voltage-dividing bleeder resistor
  • capacitor d or decoupling filter capacitor
  • zener diode DWi constitute a power supply voltage stabilization filter.
  • Circuit 13 The resistor R 3 and the capacitor C 2 constitute a power-on reset circuit 14.
  • the diode constitutes an anti-polarity reverse connection circuit 12.
  • the diode D 2 and the capacitor C 5 constitute a P -level field effect transistor or a Darlington transistor for the over-voltage protection electrical protection power of the speaker unit 8.
  • the power amplifier driving circuit of the power amplifier unit 6 may use a field effect transistor (or Darlington transistor).
  • the power supply unit 11 is composed of a reverse polarity prevention circuit 12, a power supply stabilization filter circuit 13, and a power-on reset circuit 14.
  • the output end of the power supply stabilization filter circuit 13 is connected to the power supply input end of the single-chip microcomputer 15.
  • the signal output terminal of the single-chip microcomputer is connected to the speaker unit 8 through the power amplifier driving circuit ⁇ of the power amplifier unit 6 and the output protection unit 7, and the data terminal of the single-chip computer is connected to the speaker data storage device 16.
  • the Laba data storage device 16 is composed of a speaker data storage unit 9 (see FIG. 3) and a pulse duty cycle correction storage unit 10 (see FIG. 3), which is mainly used to store the frequency characteristic parameters obtained during the adjustment of each speaker.
  • the circuit diagram of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described as follows: When the power supply is connected to the circuit according to the polarity requirements of the circuit, the power supply is connected to the diode D l of the reverse polarity protection circuit 12 and composed of R l5 R 2 , DWi, Ci.
  • the voltage stabilization filter circuit 13 is used to step down the input voltage to become a power source suitable for the operation of the single-chip microcomputer system, and is used to eliminate the pulsating component of the power source when the horn is working.
  • R 3 and C 2 form a power-on reset circuit 14 to provide a power-on delay for the microcontroller, which enables the microcontroller to clear "0" to each register.
  • the quartz crystal oscillator is composed of the microcontroller's own oscillation circuit plus the quartz crystal TX, and capacitors C 3 and C 4. After the power-on reset oscillation is stable, the high frequency oscillation signal of the quartz oscillator is pre-divided according to the program, and according to the horn data The different frequency characteristics of each speaker stored in the memory 9 ( Figure 3) are accurately divided and corrected, and the driver stored in the duty cycle correction memory according to the speaker is corrected.
  • the power transistor 6 that is, the power amplifier unit
  • the output buffer pushing unit 5 the power transistor can be a field effect transistor ⁇ ⁇ or a Darlington transistor
  • the power transistor can be a field effect transistor ⁇ ⁇ or a Darlington transistor
  • solenoid driven diaphragm loudspeaker sound unit 8 of the transistor 1 ⁇ , a diode D 2 bleed reverse overvoltage, C 5 for absorbing the forward overvoltage.
  • the overvoltage protection unit 7 absorbs the forward and reverse overvoltage generated by the horn electromagnetic coil under the action of a large current pulse to protect the power transistor from damage.
  • some or all of the spectral characteristics of a certain type of speaker may also be pre-cured in the internal or external memory of a microprocessor or a single-chip microcomputer.
  • Arrays, fuse arrays, pin arrays, or other devices with "0", " ⁇ " functions to select better duty cycle and frequency parameters in the internal or external memory that are suitable for the sound characteristics of the working speaker.
  • the microcontroller can use Z8, 51, PIC series microcontrollers, or other chips or components with CPU, I / O, RAM, ROM (EPROM, EEPR0M, FLASH or other similar storage functions) or other similar functions.
  • CPU I / O
  • RAM RAM
  • ROM EPROM, EEPR0M, FLASH or other similar storage functions
  • We can also use the frequency-stabilized, adjustable-duty pulse signals generated by the microcontroller circuit for other occasions that require a frequency-stable signal source.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)

Description

电喇 P八稳频发声的控制方法及装置
本发明涉及机动车辆电喇 P八， 特别是一种控制电喇 "入稳频发声的 方法及装置， 本发明还涉及稳频、 占空比连续可调的信号源产生方法。
目前， 机动车辆的电喇八基本是由电磁铁驱动一振膜， 由振膜推 动空气发声的， 而这一种喇八中电磁铁的吸合由一触点控制， 在喇叭 工作时， 由于触点在很高的频率下 （一般为 300 - 600HZ ) 工作， 大电 流通断产生很大的火花， 触点因电火花的侵蚀而导致喇叭不仅寿命很 短， 同时也在不断偏离出厂时调整的频率和声级而产生变音及声音变 小、 杂音增加的弊病， 而且在生产过程中要想使喇叭的发声频率和喇 叭的固有机械谐振点一致使之达到最大的发声效率及最省电的状态也 十分不容易。 所以近年来随着电子技术的发展， 相继有人发明了各种 电子装置来取消触点， 而由电子电路产生脉冲电流驱动振膜电磁铁， 由于需按每只喇叭的固有机械谐振点进行调整， 所以全部采用了以电 阻电容为频率调整的电路， 如各类多谐振荡器， 时基电路， 脉冲宽度 调制控制电路等組成， 此类电路由于受半导体器件和电阻电容元件的 温度， 及电压特性的影响， 其输出频率受环境温度， 机动车辆电压影 响不能保持和喇叭的固有机械谐振点一致的频率上， 因此上述电子喇 叭虽然比有触点喇叭寿命长， 但却仍然存在着受环境温度， 机动车辆 电压影响导致电路驱动频率改变使喇叭变音和输出声级大幅度下降的 弱点而至今不能推广应用。
石英晶体振荡器或某些半导体芯片内高稳定振荡器的频率稳定度 很高， 一般可达到数十 PPM， 而用一般的分频方法只能产生 2 - 1/N的 频率， 而电喇叭固有机械谐振频率一般在 300 - 600HZ之间一频点上， 所以不^用一般的分频方法， 而用数字 VC0压控振荡器分频虽可解决 分频问题， 但不能解决脉宽任意调节的问题， 并因其相对喇叭高昂的 价格和调整方法不宜在喇叭中使用。
本发明的目的是： 针对现有技术存在的问题， 设计并提供一种采 用稳频振荡器， 比如石英晶体振荡器， 产生稳定基准信号， 然后由单 片机控制， 按照每只电喇叭的固有声学参数进行频率校正， 使电喇叭 在电子驱动信号的驱动下达到较佳发声效果从而克服现有技术电喇叭 所存在的变音（频率改变） 以及输出声级不稳的方法及装置。 根据本发明的第一方面， 提供一种控制电喇叭稳频发声的方法， 所述方法包括下列步骤： 产生频率稳定的基频信号； 将基频信号生成 步骤产生的基频信号预分频为与电喇叭工作频率范围内某一频率相接 近的一个选定值； 根据选定的喇叭频率参数对预分频步骤产生的脉冲 信号进行频率修正， 使输出脉冲信号频率与所述某一频率相一致 ； 根 据选定的占空比参数对经过频率修正后的脉冲信号进行占空比调节， 以使喇叭达到较佳的发声特性； 对占空比修正单元输出的信号进行输 出緩冲、 功率放大； 然后经緩冲放大后的频率信号送往电喇叭， 驱动 电喇 P八工作。
在上述的本发明第一方面方法的频率修正步骤中所述的某一频率 是电喇 P入振膜的机械谐振频率。
根据本发明的第二方面， 提供了一种微处理器控制电喇叭稳频发 声的方法， 所述方法包括下列步骤： 产生频率稳定的基频信号； 根据 选定的喇叭频率参数和选定的占空比参数， 微处理器对基频信号生成 步骤产生的基频信号同时进行频率和占空比的调节， 使随后产生的脉 冲信号具有选定频率和占空比， 其中所述选定频率与电喇叭工作频率 范围内机械谐振频率相接近， 而选定的占空比足以使喇八达到较佳的 发声特性； 对频率及占空比调节步骤输出的信号进行输出緩冲、 功率 放大； 然后经緩冲和放大后的频率信号送往电喇叭， 驱动电喇叭工作。
根据本发明的第三方面， 提供了一种控制电喇叭稳频发声的装 置， 所述装置包括： 基频信号生成单元， 用于产生频率稳定的基频信 号； 预分频单元， 用于将基频信号生成单元产生的基频信号预分频为 与电喇 P八工作频率范围内某一频率相接近的一个选定值； 频率修正单 元， 用于根据选定的喇叭频率参数对预分频单元产生的脉冲信号进行 频率修正， 使输出脉冲信号频率与电喇 P八振膜工作频率范围内的某一 频率相一致 ； 占空比修正单元， 用于根据选定的占空比参数对经过频 率修正后的脉冲信号进行占空比调节， 以使喇 "八达到较佳的发声特 性； 緩冲放大单元， 用于对占空比修正单元输出的信号进行输出緩冲、 功率放大， 以便将经緩冲放大后的频率信号送往电喇叭， 驱动电喇叭 工作。
在本发明的第三方面所述的装置中所述预分频单元、 频率修正单 元、 占空比修正单元可由单片机实现， 也可由具有 CPU、 1/0、 RAM, ROM ( EPROM, EEPROM. FLASH或其它类似存储功能） 或其它类似功能 的微处理器电路或芯片构成。 另外， 在不影响单片机电路正常工作的 情况下， 通过改变装置电源电压， 来控制电喇叭的输出声级， 做为变 声级喇叭使用。
根据本发明的第四方面， 提供了利用单片机产生稳频、 占空比可 调的信号源的方法， 所述方法包括下列步骤： 产生频率稳定的基频信 号； 将基频信号生成单元产生的基频信号预分频， 使预分频后的脉冲 信号频率落入预设的工作频率范围内； 根据选定的工作频率对预分频 步骤产生的脉冲信号进行频率修正， 使输出脉冲信号频率与所需工作 频率相一致 ；根据选定的占空比对经过频率修正后的脉冲信号进行占 空比调节。
在本发明的第四方面所述的信号源产生方法中所述占空比调节范 围可以为 1 % - 99 %。
本发明和现有技术相比， 具有如下优点：
1.本发明采用稳频 （如石英晶体） 振荡器产生稳定基准信号， 单 片机按特定程序对其控制产生出符合喇 p八全频段发音特点的并用软件 程序产生特定脉宽的特定频率， 然后按存储器中每只喇叭的数据进行 校正， 经放大后推动驱动喇叭振膜电磁铁发声， 解决了一般方法不能 对稳频振荡器 （如石英晶体振荡器） 的频率进行任意分频， 及用数字 VC0 压控振荡器虽可解决分频问题但不能解决脉宽任意调节的问题， 以及其本身相对喇叭的高昂价格和调整方法不宜在喇叭中应用等问 题。
2.本发明的喇叭使用寿命长， 克服了原触点式的喇叭使用中不断 偏离出厂时调整的频率和声级而产生的变音及声音变小的不足， 可达 到最大的发声效率及省电状态。 同时， 也克服了采用电子装置取消触 点的各种电喇叭受环境温度、 机动车辆电压影响致使输出频率改变而 出现变音和输出声级大幅度下降的弱点。
3.本发明可实现一机多用， 除作为已给出的稳定可调频率驱动的 机车电喇叭外， 即使在机车供给电压变化很大的情况下保持稳定的频 率输出， 在电压变化时只是输出声级有变化， 如标称电压为 12V的单 片机控制发声稳频电喇叭可在 6. 5 ~ 16V范围内稳定工作，解决了现有 技术各类由电磁铁驱动的振膜发声喇叭所解决不了的问题， 由于其输 出频率与电压无关， 因此可通过改变输入电压的方法作为变声级喇叭 使用， 在城市中用低声级鸣叫以减少环境污染， 在环境嘈杂地区用高 声级鸣叫确保行车安全。 另外， 也可作为频率及脉宽可调的信号源使 用。
在结合附图参考了下文对本发明所作的详细说明之后， 本发明的 各种优点将一目了然。 附图中相同或相似的部件标以相同的标号。
图 1是本发明的控制电喇叭稳频发声方法的流程图；
图 2 是本发明的另一微处理器控制电喇 p八稳频发声方法的流程 图；
图 3是本发明的控制电喇叭稳频发声的装置的原理图；
图 4是本发明控制电喇 p入稳频发声的较佳实施例的电路图。
首先参看图 1， 图中所示是本发明的控制电喇叭稳频发声方法的 流程图， 该方法通过单片机等电子元件实现。 首先是进行一系列的准 备步骤： 上电初始化， 稳频 （石英振荡器或单片机自带振荡器） 振荡 器启动， 同时对单片机内各寄存器复位清 " 0" , 并对单片机的各端口 按指定要求设定为输入或输出状态。 然后在预分频步骤， 对稳频振荡 器产生的高频信号用单片机的部分寄存器按程序指定的喇叭工作范围 内的频率进行预分频到设定值， 该设定值应当在喇叭的工作频率范围 之内或与之相差不多。 接着进入分频修正步骤， 按照喇叭声学性能参 数对经过预分频处理后的脉冲进行精确分频修正， 使输出脉冲频率和 每只喇叭机械谐振频率相符， 通常精度可达到 ±0. 05HZ, 当然除此以外 分频修正后的输出脉冲频率也可以为电喇 p八工作范围内的其它频率， 只要它能满足使电喇叭较佳发声的目的即可。 分频修正的具体做法是 根据一个周期中不同频率之间高、 低电平持续时间的不同， 利用单片 机用软件将频率脉冲的高、 低电平的持续时间分别延长或缩短。 然后 进入脉冲占空比修正步骤， 按照事先存储的每只喇叭的较佳脉冲占空 比， 对经过分频修正步骤后的脉冲串高低电平时间的比例进行修正， 使喇叭达到较佳的发声特性。 此处所讲的较佳发声特性是指某一型号 喇叭经多次主观监听， 以及进行喇叭发音频谱测定， 经反复比较评审 后确认的某一特定声学效果， 它并不是确定值， 可以略有变化。 这里 脉沖 （驱动信号） 的占空比可在 1 % ~ 99 %的范围内任意调节， 根据 不同喇叭的发音特性可以选择不同的占空比参数。 接着， 进入緩冲放 大步骤， 对单片机输出的脉沖信号加以缓冲， 并且对经过緩冲的脉冲 信号进行电流放大， 用以推动喇叭电磁线團。 最后， 经緩冲放大的脉 冲信号驱动电喇叭而发声。
本发明用石英晶体振荡器或半导体芯片内部或外部高稳定振荡器 产生稳定基准， 靠单片机用指令（或软件） 对其控制产生出符合喇叭 全频段发音特点的用软件产生特定脉宽的基准频率并按存储器中每只 喇叭的数据进行校正， 然后经放大后推动驱动喇叭振膜电磁铁发声。 也可将某种喇"八膜片的全部或部分频率特性固化在芯片内， 通过频率 调整设定装置选择适合某一喇叭膜片特性的较佳脉宽的输出频率。
图 2是本发明的另一微处理器控制电喇叭稳频发声方法实施例的 流程图； 该实施例与图 1所表示实施例的区別在于， 它根据选定的喇 叭频率参数和选定的占空比参数， 利用微处理器对基频信号生成步骤 产生的基频信号以同一步骤同时进行频率和占空比调节， 使该基频信 号直接变换为具有选定频率和占空比的脉冲信号， 也就是说， 以一个 步骤代替了图 1所示的预分频步骤、 分频修正步骤以及脉冲占空比修 正步骤。 具体做法如下： 由单片机或微处理器根据存储于存储器中的 待控电喇叭的工作频率参数及其较佳工作时的占空比参数 （这些参数 也可以预置于指令或寄存器中） ， 计算出所需驱动信号的高、 低电平 持续时间， 然后通过时延或计数等方法对先前产生的基准信号进行处 理， 将该基准信号变换为具有所需频率和占空比的驱动脉冲信号， 以 便马 £动电喇 p八。
图 3是本发明的控制电喇叭稳频发声的装置的原理图。 控制装置 上电后， 基频信号生成单元 1产生频率稳定的基频信号， 然后将生成 的频率信号输出至预分频单元 2, 预分频单元 2 用于将输入的基频信 号预分频为与电喇 p八标准工作频率范围内某一频率相接近的选定值， 并将结果信号送往频率修正单元 3， 该频率修正单元 3从喇叭数据存 储器 9中读出选定的喇叭频率参数，并根据该频率参数对预分频单元 2 产生的脉冲信号进行频率修正， 使输出脉冲信号频率与电喇 p八工作频 率范围内的某一频率相一致 ； 占空比修正单元 4接收频率修正后的脉 冲信号， 并且从脉冲占空比修正存储器 10中读出选定占空比参数， 然 后根据选定的占空比参数对经过频率修正后的脉冲信号进行占空比调 节， 以使喇叭达到较佳妁发声特性； 緩冲放大单元 5接收占空比修正 单元 4输出的脉沖信号， 然后对该脉沖频率信号进行输出緩冲放大， 经緩沖放大后的频率信号经功率放大单元 6作功率放大并且经输出保 护电路 7送往电喇叭单元 8， 驱动电喇叭工作。 喇叭数据存储器 9和 脉冲占空比修正存储器 10的功能可以由同一个存储器单元实现，也可 以由不同的存储器完成。
图 4是本发明控制电喇叭稳频发声的较佳实施例的电路图。 在该 较佳实施例装置中， 电阻 (或称限流电阻） 、 R2 (或称分压泄放电 阻） 、 电容 d (或称退耦滤波电容） 、 稳压二极管 DWi构成电源稳压 滤波电路 13。 电阻 R3、 电容 C2构成上电复位电路 14。 二极管 构成 防极性接反电路 12。 二极管 D2、 电容 C5构成喇叭单元 8的过压保护电 保护功率榆出 P级的场效应晶体管或达林顿晶体管。' 功率放大单元 6的 功率放大驱动电路可采用场效应管 Ί\ (或达林顿晶体管） 。
在图 4 中， 电源供给单元 11 由防极性接反电路 12、 电源稳压滤 波电路 13和上电复位电路 14构成，其中电源稳压滤波电路 13的输出 端接单片机 15的电源输入端， 单片机的信号输出端经功率放大单元 6 的功率放大驱动电路 Ί\以及输出保护单元 7后接喇叭单元 8， 单片机 的数据端接喇叭数据存储装置 16。 喇八数据存储装置 16 由喇叭数据 存储器单元 9 (见图 3 )和脉冲占空比修正存储器单元 10 (见图 3 )构 成， 主要用于存储每只喇叭的在调整时获得的频率特性参数， 可由单 片机内部或外部的 ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, FLASH或其它能进行数据存 储的装置组成， 如熔丝矩阵、 开关矩阵、 插针矩阵等组成。 本发明的 较佳实施例的电路图叙述如下： 当电源按本电路极性要求接通电路 时， 电源经防极性接反电路 12的二极管 Dl 和由 Rl5 R2， DWi, Ci组成 的稳压滤波电路 13， 用来对输入电压降压成为适合单片机系统工作的 电源， 用来消除喇叭工作时电源的脉动成分。 R3、 C2组成上电复位 电路 14为单片机提供一上电延时， 使单片机对各寄存器清 "0" 。 石 英晶体振荡器用单片机本身的振荡电路外加石英晶体 TX,和电容 C3、 C4 组成， 上电复位振荡稳定后按程序对石英振荡器的高频振荡信号进行 预分频， 并按喇叭数据存储器 9 (图 3 ) 中储存的每只喇叭的不同频率 特性进行精确的分频校正， 并按喇叭对占空比修正存储器中存储的驱 动脉沖占空比系数的要-求进行校正， 经输出緩冲推动单元 5后推动功 率晶体管 6 (即功率放大单元） 进行放大（功率晶体管可用场效应晶 体管 Ί\或达林顿晶体管） 后驱动喇叭单元 8 的电磁铁带动振膜发声， 率晶体管 1\， 用二极管 D2对反向过电压进行泄放， 用 C5对正向过电压 进行吸收。
过压保护单元 7对喇叭电磁线圈在大电流脉冲作用下产生的正反 向过电压进行吸收以保护功率晶体管不损坏。
在具体实施本发明时， 也可以将某种喇叭的部分或全部频谱特征 预先固化在微处理器或单片机内部或外部存储器中， 当所述装置工作 时通过 R0M、 EPR0M、 EEPR0M、 FLASH, 或开关阵列、 熔丝阵列、 插针 阵列或其它具有 " 0" 、 " Γ 功能的器件来选择所述内部或外部存储 器中适合工作喇叭发音特性的较佳占空比和频率参数。
尽管上述描述是针对用单片机电路产生稳频、 占空比可调信号来 控制电喇叭发声的情况， 但是在不偏离本发明的精神和范围的情况下 可以构设本发明许多不同的变型。 比如， 单片机可以选用 Z8, 51, PIC 系列的单片机， 也可以选用其它具有 CPU、 I/O、 RAM, ROM ( EPROM, EEPR0M、 FLASH或其它类似存储功能）或其它类似功能的芯片或组件。 我们还可以将单片机电路所产生的稳频、 占空比可调的脉冲信号用于 其它需要稳频信号源的场合， 由于单片机结构简单成本低、 频率精度 高、 其脉冲信号占空比调节范围较宽（ 1 % - 99 % )等等特点， 有广泛 的用途。 应当理解， 本发明不局限于说明书中描述的特定实施例， 它 仅由后附的权利要求书限定。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1.一种控制电喇叭稳频发声的方法， 所述方法包括下列步骤：
①产生频率稳定的基频信号；
②将基频信号生成步骤产生的基频信号预分频为与电喇叭工作频 率范围内某一频率相接近的一个选定值；
③根据选定的喇叭频率参数对预分频步骤产生的脉冲信号进行频 率修正， 使输出脉冲信号频率与所述某一频率相一致 ；
④根据选定的占空比参数对经过频率修正后的脉沖信号进行占空 比调节， 以使喇叭达到较佳的发声特性；
⑤对占空比修正步骤输出的信号进行榆出緩沖、 功率放大；
⑥然后经緩冲和放大后的频率信号送往电喇叭， 驱动电喇叭工 作。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于上述频率修正步驟中 所述的某一频率是电喇"入的机械谐振频率。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的方法， 其特征在于所述占空比参数 是使电喇 p八达到较佳发声特性的较佳脉冲占空比。
4、 一种控制电喇叭稳频发声的方法， 利用微处理器实现， 所述方 法包括下列步骤：
产生频率稳定的基频信号；
根据选定的喇叭频率参数和选定的占空比参数， 微处理器对基频 信号生成步骤产生的基频信号进行同时改变频率和占空比的调节， 使 基频信号直接变换为具有选定频率和占空比的脉冲信号， 其中所述选 定频率与电喇 P八工作频率范围内机械谐振频率相接近， 而选定的占空 比足以使喇叭达到较佳的发声特性；
对频率及占空比调节步骤输出的信号进行输出緩冲、 功率放大； 然^经緩冲和放大后的频率信号送往电喇叭， 驱动电喇叭工作。
5、 一种控制电喇 p八稳频发声的装置， 所述装置包括：
基频信号生成单元， 用于产生频率稳定的基频信号；
预分频单元， 用于将基频信号生成单元产生的基频信号预分频为 与电喇 p入工作频率范围内某一频率相接近的一个选定值；
频率修正单元， 用于根据选定的喇叭频率参数对预分频单元产生 的脉沖信号进行频率修正， 使输出脉冲信号频率与所述某一频率相一 致 ；
占空比修正单元， 用于根据选定的占空比参数对经过频率修正后 的脉冲信号进行占空比调节， 以使喇叭达到较佳的发声特性；
缓冲放大单元， 用于对占空比修正单元输出的信号进行输出緩 冲、 功率放大， 以便将经緩冲放大后的频率信号送往电喇叭， 驱动电 喇 p入工作。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的装置， 其特征在于所述的某一频率是电 喇叭的机械谐振频率， 所述占空比参数是使电喇叭达到较佳发声特性 的较佳脉冲占空比。
7、根据权利要求 5或 6所述的装置，其特征在于所述预分频单元、 频率修正单元、 占空比修正单元由单片机实现。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的装置， 其特征在于基频信号生成单元是 由单片机内部或外部的高稳定振荡器形成。
9、 根据权利要求 5或 6所述的装置， 其特征在于所述装置还包括 喇 -八数据存储装置， 该存储装置包括用于存储被用来确定所述某一频 率的喇叭频率参数的频率数据存储器和用于存储选定占空比参数的脉 冲占空比修正存储器。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的装置， 其特征在于所述喇 p入数据存储 器可由单片机外接或内设的 R0M、 EPR0M、 EEPR0M、 FLASH, 或开关阵 列、 熔丝阵列、 插针阵列或其它具有 " 0" 、 " Γ 功能的器件组成。
11、 根据权利要求 5或 6所述的装置， 其特征在于所述预分频单 元、频率修正单元、 占空比修正单元由具有 CPU、 I/O、 RAM, R0M( EPR0M、 EEPR0M、 FLASH 或其它类似存储功能） 或其它类似功能的微处理器电 路或芯片构成。
12、 根据权利要求 7或 11所述的装置， 其特征在于在不影响所述 装置的电路正常工作的情况下， 通过改变所述装置的电源电压， 来控 制电喇叭的输出声级， 做为变声级喇叭使用。
13、 根据权利要求 11所述的装置， 其特征在于基频信号生成单元 由石英晶体振荡器构成。
14、 根据权利要求 5、 7或 11所述的装置， 其特征在于可以将某 种喇叭的部分或全部频谱特征预先固化在微处理器或单片机内部或外 部存储器中， 所述装置工作时通过 R0M、 EPR0M、 EEPR0M、 FLASH, 或 开关阵列、 熔丝阵列、 插针阵列或其它具有 " 0" 、 " 功能的器件 来选择适合某一喇 P八发音特性的较佳占空比和频率。
15、 根据权利要求 5所述的装置， 其特征在于所述装置还采用过 压保护单元， 用于吸收喇叭电磁线圈在大电流脉冲作用下产生的正反 向过电压， 对电喇入进行过压保护。
16、 利用产生稳频、 占空比可调的信号源的方法， 所述方法包括 下列步骤：
产生频率稳定的基频信号；
将基频信号生成步骤产生的基频脉冲信号预分频， 使预分频后的 脉冲信号频率落入预设的工作频率范围内；
根据选定的工作频率对预分频步骤产生的脉冲信号进行频率修 正， 使榆出脉冲信号频率与所需工作频率相一致 ；
根据选定的占空比对经过频率修正后的脉冲信号进行占空比调 节。
17、 根据权利要求 16所述的信号源产生方法， 其特征在于该方法 是由单片机或微处理器以程序实现的。
18根据权利要求 16或 17所述的信号源产生方法， 其特征在于所 述占空比调节范围为 1 % - 99 % 。
PCT/CN1998/000135 1997-07-29 1998-07-28 Procede et appareil de commande de la production de son a frequence constante d'un pavillon electrique WO1999006989A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98936070A EP0999539B1 (en) 1997-07-29 1998-07-28 Controlling method and apparatus of constant-frequency sound-production of electrical horn
DE69841887T DE69841887D1 (de) 1997-07-29 1998-07-28 Kontrollverfahren und vorrichtung zur erzeugung eines tons konstanter frequenz mit einer elektrischen hupe
AU85279/98A AU8527998A (en) 1997-07-29 1998-07-28 Controlling method and apparatus of constant-frequency sound-production of electrical horn
JP2000505631A JP2001512254A (ja) 1997-07-29 1998-07-28 電気警音器の定周波数音響発生の制御方法および装置
KR10-2000-7001033A KR100525806B1 (ko) 1997-07-29 1998-07-28 전자 경적의 일정 주파수 음향 생성 제어장치 및 제어 방법
US09/463,483 US6456193B1 (en) 1997-07-29 1998-07-28 Controlling method and apparatus of constant-frequency sound-production of electrical horn

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CN97112878A CN1170896A (zh) 1997-07-29 1997-07-29 一种单片机控制发声稳频电喇叭的方法及装置
CN97112878.2 1997-07-29

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CN103187048A (zh) * 2011-12-29 2013-07-03 湖北三环汽车电器有限公司 一种数控汽车电喇叭的装置
CN103500574B (zh) * 2012-08-16 2017-06-27 万喻 一种智能电子喇叭及其实现方法
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EP0999539A4 (en) 2005-02-02
JP2001512254A (ja) 2001-08-21
CN1170896A (zh) 1998-01-21
EP0999539A1 (en) 2000-05-10
US6456193B1 (en) 2002-09-24
DE69841887D1 (de) 2010-10-21
CN1078726C (zh) 2002-01-30
KR100525806B1 (ko) 2005-11-03
CN1265769A (zh) 2000-09-06
EP0999539B1 (en) 2010-09-08
AU8527998A (en) 1999-02-22

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