WO1999005541A1 - Systeme avionique destine aux aeronefs et utilisant un equipement radar embarque - Google Patents

Systeme avionique destine aux aeronefs et utilisant un equipement radar embarque Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999005541A1
WO1999005541A1 PCT/EP1998/004537 EP9804537W WO9905541A1 WO 1999005541 A1 WO1999005541 A1 WO 1999005541A1 EP 9804537 W EP9804537 W EP 9804537W WO 9905541 A1 WO9905541 A1 WO 9905541A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radar
quasi
image
avionics system
view
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1998/004537
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Franz Witte
Original Assignee
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19731169A external-priority patent/DE19731169A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19731263A external-priority patent/DE19731263A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19731262A external-priority patent/DE19731262A1/de
Application filed by Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. filed Critical Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V.
Priority to CA002297177A priority Critical patent/CA2297177A1/fr
Priority to EP98941385A priority patent/EP0998682A1/fr
Publication of WO1999005541A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999005541A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/04—Display arrangements
    • G01S7/06—Cathode-ray tube displays or other two dimensional or three-dimensional displays
    • G01S7/22—Producing cursor lines and indicia by electronic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • G01S13/9021—SAR image post-processing techniques
    • G01S13/9023—SAR image post-processing techniques combined with interferometric techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • G01S13/904—SAR modes
    • G01S13/9043—Forward-looking SAR
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/04—Display arrangements
    • G01S7/06—Cathode-ray tube displays or other two dimensional or three-dimensional displays
    • G01S7/20—Stereoscopic displays; Three-dimensional displays; Pseudo-three-dimensional displays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/04—Display arrangements
    • G01S7/06—Cathode-ray tube displays or other two dimensional or three-dimensional displays
    • G01S7/24—Cathode-ray tube displays or other two dimensional or three-dimensional displays the display being orientated or displaced in accordance with movement of object carrying the transmitting and receiving apparatus, e.g. true-motion radar
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/91—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for traffic control
    • G01S13/913—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for traffic control for landing purposes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/933—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of aircraft or spacecraft
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/95—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
    • G01S13/953—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use mounted on aircraft
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an avionics system for aircraft using an entrained radar device with a two-dimensional perspective image of the radar data obtained from a sector area lying ahead in the direction of flight, including objects detectable there, on a viewing device.
  • a radar device with a two-dimensional perspective representation of a sector area lying ahead in the flight direction is known.
  • the respective sector is scanned by means of a fan beam that is very strongly bundled in the horizontal plane by swiveling.
  • the reflected radar signal is displayed on the display device, for which purpose deflection voltages are generated in a horizontal and vertical direction, as in the case of television image generation.
  • the position of the aircraft carrying the radar is artificially moved to a higher position by changing the deflection voltages, so that the compressed distant terrain points and flying objects are further apart in elevation.
  • the pilot is thus faked at a higher altitude.
  • there is an analog vertical and horizontal deflection on the screen whereby a different point of view than the actual one is simulated by changing the deflection voltages.
  • the image is generated based on the real antenna aperture of the mechanically swiveled antenna with strong fan beam bundling in the azimuth plane.
  • the radar resolution in the distance is determined by the radar pulse length.
  • a forward view radar is known from DE 40 07 611 and DE 40 07 612, in which a flying carrier, for example an aircraft, images two-dimensionally from land or sea surfaces in a sector in front.
  • a flying carrier for example an aircraft
  • an antenna rigidly mounted on the carrier is provided, which either consists of a number of individual elements arranged in a straight line in a row (DE 40 07 611) or of a number of individual elements arranged in a straight line and in two rows one above the other ( DE 40 07 612), preferably in the form of horn antennas.
  • an individual element transmits incoherently and then receives it simultaneously with the other individual elements.
  • the individual elements are used to send and then receiving one after the other, from the first to the last of the number of individual elements.
  • each individual element is separately digitally evaluated, and digital correlation is carried out for each angular range in both cases by correlating a special, predetermined reference function.
  • Such a forward view radar system can also be used in connection with helicopters, for example for search, rescue and environmental tasks, since no forward speed is required to use this forward view radar system and the self-movement of a helicopter, which is to a certain extent at a designated location, is immaterial.
  • US Pat. No. 5,053,778 discloses a method for forming a topographic terrain model represented in three-dimensional space, which is created by simultaneously combining an image generated on an airplane according to the SAR (synthetic aperture radar) principle with terrain height information , wherein this height information is obtained either from the aircraft, for example by means of a radar altimeter, or from ground measurements.
  • SAR synthetic aperture radar
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an avionics system which is suitable both for fixed-wing aircraft and for rotary-wing aircraft and which enables a pilot to precisely target a desired target area even under the most unfavorable visibility conditions or even without any visibility and with the highest accuracy requirements to be able to reliably detect even relatively small obstacles, land safely if necessary or take off without any view.
  • the radar device is a forward view radar which, in accordance with its basic mode of operation, has a high-resolution map-top view image using the SAR (synthetic aperture radar ) Processing principle or a processing principle similar to this received radar data.
  • a digital image processing device is provided, in which the top view image provided by the radar device is converted purely geometrically into a corresponding image with a central perspective projection in quasi-pilot view, which is displayed on the display device.
  • the radar is no longer resolved by the real aperture of an antenna, but by the correlation of the corresponding reference functions, as set out in the two previously mentioned patents DE 40 07 611 and DE 40 07 612.
  • the top view image is created first.
  • the conversion to the perspective representation corresponding to a pilot's view relates to purely computational image processing and can only be carried out digitally. This changes the image accordingly so that the perspective is different. Suitable image processing algorithms can be easily created as software.
  • the image created on the display device by applying the invention is of high quality since the SAR method can provide an image with extremely high resolution.
  • the replacement according to the invention of a conventional radar system working with a real antenna aperture by the SAR processing principle which otherwise only applies to terrain observations from above, is therefore particularly advantageous.
  • These properties of the avionics system according to the invention result in a wide range of applications for the use and use of the forward vision radar system, which ranges, for example, from military reconnaissance and combat helicopters to rescue and offshore helicopters to use in transport and civil aircraft .
  • the image quality achieved with the system according to the invention cannot currently be achieved with any other system.
  • the avionics system according to the invention thus creates an all-weather sensor that can be used even in the worst visibility conditions or in conditions without any visibility and also during the night. Due to the central perspective projection in a quasi-pilot view according to the invention, a high image repetition rate creates a quasi-optical image with a continuous image display, for example on a high-resolution color monitor.
  • height information of the scanned sector area terrain is introduced in a quasi-3D representation in the image shown.
  • the height information can be generated directly according to a particularly advantageous embodiment based on the interferometric principle.
  • height information relating to the height above ground of natural and / or artificial obstacles is introduced in quasi-3D representation in the image with a central perspective projection in a quasi-pilot view. Furthermore, in the two Display modes (top view and pilot view) can be color-coded.
  • An advantageous further development of the avionics system according to the invention consists in that a switchover between a first display mode, in which the sector image is shown in map-like top view on the display device, and a second display mode, in which the sector image in quasi-perspective projection Pilot view is shown on the display device is provided.
  • a radar device in the form of a forward view radar can also be used in shipping, in that the radar data obtained from a sector area lying ahead in the direction of travel of a ship, including objects detectable there, are displayed in a two-dimensional perspective view on a viewing device.
  • a digital image processing device a high-resolution top view image is converted purely geometrically into a corresponding image with a central perspective projection into a quasi-control man's view and displayed on the display device.
  • height information of the scanned preceding sector area in quasi-3D representation and height information regarding the height of natural and / or artificial obstacles in quasi-3D representation can be introduced into the image with a central perspective projection in the quasi-helmsman view become.
  • any landing obstacles that protrude above a predetermined height above the ground can be found both in the top view illustration as well as colored in the quasi-pilot view.
  • selected targets, in particular moving targets can preferably be marked in color.
  • a particularly useful and advantageous development of the avionics system according to the invention consists in that an artificial horizon is faded into the image.
  • the central perspective representation in a quasi-pilot's view with the artificial horizon faded in is retained even when cornering.
  • the forward vision radar system can be switched between different frequency ranges, for example from the L band (1.3 GHz) to the X band (9.6 GHz), depending on the respective field of application ) up to the Ka band, which is around 35 GHz.
  • the forward view radar system can for example, high-voltage lines or chain-link fences used to delimit areas can be recognized.
  • the central perspective representation can be automatically adapted to the flight altitude and the flight speed in a quasi-pilot's view with or without an artificial horizon shown.
  • additional data or information can be faded into the central perspective representation in a quasi-pilot view, for example distances to marked targets, the height of marked obstacles or also a marking of moving targets, so that an MTI (moving Target Indication; mode is realized.
  • Moving targets can also be marked.
  • a device can be triggered or triggered, for example, with the aid of received and specifically selected data, which warns of obstacles.
  • a so-called head-up display is also possible.
  • information regarding the height above ground is also natural and / or artificial obstacles created in quasi-pilot view.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an antenna made up of a number of individual radiators arranged side by side for use with forward vision radar.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of a lighting geometry as it results from an aircraft flying in a predetermined flight direction
  • 3 shows a plan view, true to the map, of a part of a runway and its immediate surroundings from an altitude of 1000 m;
  • FIG. 4 shows a central perspective representation corresponding to the representation in FIG. 3 in a quasi-pilot view of the same part of the runway and its immediate surroundings; 5 shows a plan view, true to the map, of a part of a runway from an altitude of 300 m;
  • FIG. 6 shows a central perspective representation corresponding to the map of FIG. 3 in a quasi-pilot view
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 each show a top view of a group of trees from a flight height of 100 m, true to the map, areas in FIG. 8 with a certain height above the ground being marked separately.
  • n individual radiators in the form of horn antennas 10 of an antenna arrangement 1 are schematically arranged side by side in a straight line.
  • the antenna arrangement 1 is rigidly attached to an aircraft - reproduced in a considerably reduced size - transversely to the direction of flight indicated by an arrow such that the main radiation direction of the horn antennas 10 points in the direction of flight.
  • DE 40 07 611 this is only transmitted by a single radiator, ie only by a horn antenna 10; subsequently, however, all other individual elements in the form of, for example, the horn antennas 10 are received.
  • DE 40 07 612 the n individual radiators are used in succession from the first to the nth element for transmitting and then for receiving.
  • the processing of the raw data can be carried out in a manner similar to the known SAR principle, with a synthetic aperture in DE 40 07 611 by half the distance or in DE 40 07 612 by the distance between the first and the nth Single radiator of the horn antenna arrangement has to be replaced.
  • the respective signal is correlated in terms of amplitude and phase as a function of the distance with a complex conjugate reference function which is not specified here in detail. It is crucial, however, that the received signal at each individual element 10 has a different phase to the transmit pulse due to the different location between transmitter and receiver.
  • the distance r can be expressed, as can be seen from the schematic illustration in FIG. 2, by:
  • a is the distance between the antenna center axis 0 and a point target T
  • x is the distance between the antenna center axis 0 and a single radiator 10
  • R is the distance gate distance
  • Fig. 3 from a flight altitude of 1000 m in the X-band a map-like representation in top view with a relatively short antenna is reproduced, with a part of an airstrip being visible in the middle of the image.
  • FIG. 4 shows the corresponding central perspective representation in a quasi-pilot view, which has been obtained by correspondingly implementing the map-like representation in a top view of FIG. 3.
  • Part of the runway can be seen in the upper area of FIG. 4 and the area lying in front of the runway in the direction of flight can be seen in the lower area.
  • 4 shows a faded-in artificial horizon along the upper longitudinal edge of the illustration, for example in the form of a black bar.
  • the illumination angle in the azimuth direction is 60 ° and the depression angle ranges from 14 ° to 60 °.
  • the resolution in the azimuth direction is 10 m in the near range and 35 m in the far range, while the resolution in the elevation direction is 3 m.
  • 5 shows part of the same runway of a map-like representation in plan view, this time from an altitude of 300 m.
  • FIG. 6 shows the central perspective representation in a quasi pilot view.
  • a faded-in artificial horizon for example in the form of a black bar, is shown along the upper longitudinal edge.
  • FIG. 7 shows a top view of a group of trees and bushes at an X-band frequency of 9.6 GHz and from an altitude of 100 m in a map-true representation.
  • colored markings show areas which are at a height of, for example, more than 3 m above the surrounding area, i.e. 3 m above the floor, protrude upwards.
  • the illumination angle in the azimuth direction is again 60 ° and the depression angle ranges from 14 ° to 60 °. 7 and 8, the resolution area in the near

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un équipement radar embarqué dans le système avionique d'aéronefs et donnant une représentation bidimensionnelle des données radar obtenues d'une zone secteur située en amont dans le sens du vol. L'équipement radar selon l'invention est un radar de visualisation amont qui donne des données radar reçues une représentation vue d'en haut haute résolution et fidèle aux cartes conformément à son mode de fonctionnement fondamental par utilisation du principe de traitement d'un radar à ouverture synthétique ou d'un principe de traitement équivalent. Un équipement de traitement d'images numérique permet la conversion purement géométrique de la représentation vue d'en haut fidèle aux cartes fournie par l'équipement radar en une image correspondante avec projection de perspective centrale et avec la vue quasiment d'un pilote. L'invention est utilisée dans le cas des avions et des hélicoptères pour les vols par mauvaise visibilité ou absence de visibilité.
PCT/EP1998/004537 1997-07-21 1998-07-21 Systeme avionique destine aux aeronefs et utilisant un equipement radar embarque WO1999005541A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002297177A CA2297177A1 (fr) 1997-07-21 1998-07-21 Systeme avionique destine aux aeronefs et utilisant un equipement radar embarque
EP98941385A EP0998682A1 (fr) 1997-07-21 1998-07-21 Systeme avionique destine aux aeronefs et utilisant un equipement radar embarque

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19731169.5 1997-07-21
DE19731263.2 1997-07-21
DE19731262.4 1997-07-21
DE19731169A DE19731169A1 (de) 1997-07-21 1997-07-21 Verwendung eines von einem fliegenden Träger mitgeführten Vorwärtssicht-Radar
DE19731263A DE19731263A1 (de) 1997-07-21 1997-07-21 Verwendung eines von einem fliegenden Träger mitgeführten Vorwärtssicht-Radar
DE19731262A DE19731262A1 (de) 1997-07-21 1997-07-21 Verwendung eines von einem fliegenden Träger mitgeführten Vorwärtssicht-Radar

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999005541A1 true WO1999005541A1 (fr) 1999-02-04

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PCT/EP1998/004537 WO1999005541A1 (fr) 1997-07-21 1998-07-21 Systeme avionique destine aux aeronefs et utilisant un equipement radar embarque

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0998682A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2297177A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999005541A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0381164A2 (fr) * 1989-01-30 1990-08-08 Philip R. Frederick Radar à balayage horizontal et vertical automatique
EP0493822A1 (fr) * 1990-12-31 1992-07-08 Honeywell Inc. Dispositif d'affichage pour un système d'avertissement de trafic et de prévention de collision
WO1995033213A1 (fr) * 1994-05-31 1995-12-07 Lockheed Martin Corporation Dispositif autonome d'approche et d'atterrissage de precision
EP0690316A1 (fr) * 1994-06-30 1996-01-03 Hughes Aircraft Company Système radar d'imagerie pour des conditions de faible visibilité

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0381164A2 (fr) * 1989-01-30 1990-08-08 Philip R. Frederick Radar à balayage horizontal et vertical automatique
EP0493822A1 (fr) * 1990-12-31 1992-07-08 Honeywell Inc. Dispositif d'affichage pour un système d'avertissement de trafic et de prévention de collision
WO1995033213A1 (fr) * 1994-05-31 1995-12-07 Lockheed Martin Corporation Dispositif autonome d'approche et d'atterrissage de precision
EP0690316A1 (fr) * 1994-06-30 1996-01-03 Hughes Aircraft Company Système radar d'imagerie pour des conditions de faible visibilité

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
FERGUSON D ET AL: "SYNTHETIC VISION/ENHANCED VISION SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION", COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS AND DUAL USE TECHNOLOGY, ATLANTA, JUNE 16 - 17, 1993, 16 June 1993 (1993-06-16), INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS, pages 91 - 95, XP000416076 *
LOSS K ET AL: "AUTONOMOUS PRECISION APPROACH AND LANDING SYSTEM APALS", PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL TELESYSTEMS CONFERENCE, SAN DIEGO, MAY 26 - 28, 1994, 26 May 1994 (1994-05-26), HOFFMANN M I, pages 195 - 198, XP000519913 *

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EP0998682A1 (fr) 2000-05-10
CA2297177A1 (fr) 1999-02-04

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