Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
  • E04B1/20—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stonelike material

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a building frame formed by the assembly on site of prefabricated reinforced concrete elements.
• EP-A-012 736 discloses a steel construction unit, prefabricated in the factory, essentially in the form of a straight prism (generally a rectangular parallelepiped).
• Each construction unit comprises a floor element and a ceiling element each consisting of a box open downwards, formed by a frame and a horizontal wall connected to the upper edge of the frame.
• the floor and ceiling elements are interconnected by means of uprights having a V-shaped section.
• the frames and the uprights, made from large steel plates, are joined together by bolting.
• the buildings are then produced by juxtaposition and superposition of such construction units.
• a frame according to EP-A-0 012 736 is, like any metal frame, difficult to protect against fire.
• a metal frame risks, in fact, being deformed in the event of a fire and thus jeopardizing the stability of the building.
• the frameworks of buildings according to BE-A-884.971 obviously offer good fire resistance, but nevertheless have some drawbacks.
• the horizontal walls of these frames are formed of monolithic reinforced concrete boxes. As the dimensions of these walls are preferably quite large, these boxes are heavy and bulky and their transport can therefore pose problems, at least in certain countries or regions.
• the thickness of the wings of the V-shaped uprights and the thickness of the beams which form the framework of said boxes is necessarily greater than what is possible with steel construction. This seriously reduces, therefore the section of corner sheaths that can be made in the angles formed by the wings of the uprights. The section of these corner sheaths may therefore be insufficient for passing there, for example, one or more pipes of relatively large diameter, such as falls from W.C.
• the object of the present invention is to provide a building framework constructed by assembling on the site prefabricated elements of reinforced concrete which are not very diversified, of simple shapes and easy to mass produce.
• the invention aims in particular to provide a technique for producing frameworks for buildings which provides greater architectural flexibility and which in particular makes it possible to increase the distance between the posts and to reduce the number of posts and beams forming the framework, while using prefabricated elements which are easier to transport and handle.
• the invention also aims to provide such a building frame in which it is easy to produce, near the posts of the frame, vertical technical ducts passing through the successive floors of the building along these posts.
• Another object of the invention is to provide such a frame giving the building very good stability, without additional bracing, thanks to the stiffness of the nodes of the frame.
• the present invention relates to a two-storey building frame, formed by the assembly on site of prefabricated reinforced concrete elements, comprising posts, beams whose ends bear on the posts and floor elements resting on beams, the posts located on successive floors being arranged vertically from one another.
• the posts have a cross-section which is substantially L-shaped, T-shaped or cross-shaped and therefore have, respectively, two, three or four wings, depending on whether they serve as support, respectively, with two, three or four ends of beams.
• the beams of the framework comprise main beams arranged, at each level of the building, in parallel alignments with one another, and transverse beams arranged, at each level of the building, transversely between the alignments of main beams.
• the main beams and the transverse beams are supported by each of their ends on a post wing and are horizontally oriented in the direction of these wings.
• the layout and dimensions of the beams which bear on the posts of the same level of the building are such that the underside of the transverse beams is at an intermediate level between the underside and the upper face of the main beams.
• Assembly means rigidly connect the beams and the posts to each other joining at each node of the frame, this connection being such that it ensures continuity both of the butted beams and of the superimposed posts, for the tensile and compression.
• the floor elements are supported on the main beams. Openings are made in the floor elements, near at least some posts in the angles formed by the wings of these posts, thus allowing the realization of vertical technical sheaths passing from floor to floor, in the corners formed by these wings .
• the building frame according to the invention is presented, in plan, like a rectangular mesh canvas formed by several straight lines parallel to each other, cut perpendicularly by other lines parallel to each other.
• the posts are located at the intersections of these lines, the beams and the wings of the posts being arranged along the lines of this mesh.
• a rectangle of this mesh can possibly be completely covered by a floor element.
• a mesh rectangle is however covered by two or more juxtaposed floor elements, so as to avoid the use of floor elements whose manufacture, transport and handling would be disadvantageous or difficult because of their dimensions.
• the arrangement and dimensions of the beams which bear on the posts of the same level of the building are such that the upper face of the transverse beams is located at a level higher than the upper face of the beams main, the arrangement and dimensions of the beams (main and transverse) and of the floor elements being such that the upper face of the floor elements is situated substantially at the same level as the upper face of the transverse beams.
• the height of the main beams is greater than the height of the transverse beams.
• one or more of the wings of the posts have, near the crossing of the wings, an area of thinner thickness than that of the rest of these wings.
• each end of the beam terminating in a node of the frame bears directly on a post wing.
• the upper end of each post is shaped in such a way that the upper face of each post wing which supports the end of a transverse beam is situated above the level of the upper face of each post wing which supports the end of a main beam.
• the main beams and the transverse beams comprise, during their prefabrication and their installation in the framework, a part of reinforcement "on standby", not embedded in the concrete, at each of their ends.
• each upper post of a frame node is shaped so that it bears by each of its wings on the upper face of an end section of a beam leading to this node. It will be understood, in particular, that when the upper face of the horizontal beams leading to a knot is situated at a level higher than the upper face of the main beams, the lower face of each post wing which rests on a transverse beam is, similarly, located above the level of the underside of each wing which rests on a main beam. It will be noted that with this embodiment, parts of beams are interposed between the upper face of the lower post and the lower face of the upper post.
• connection bars which are contained in the lower part of the upper post, which pass through holes made in the places appropriate in the beams and which are contained in the upper part of the lower post. These connection bars are sealed in these posts and in these vertical holes.
• the assembly means which rigidly connect the beams and the columns together at each node of the frame comprise metal plates which extend the beams and the reinforced concrete columns at each of their ends.
• Each end of the beam is extended by a vertical metal plate which is secured to the metal frame embedded in the concrete of this beam and which is oriented in substance along the axis of the beam.
• Each post end is extended, at each of its wings, by a vertical metal plate which is secured to the frame metallic embedded in the concrete of said post and which is oriented substantially in a plane which includes the axis of the pole and the axis of the wing which carries it.
• All these metal plates are such that, at each node of the framework, the plates carried by the ends of beams leading to this node, can each be fixed, by bolting, to a plate carried by the upper end of the post which carries these beams and to a plate carried by the lower end of the post placed immediately above.
• the vertical metal plate which extends each end of the beam is secured by welding with the metal frame of this beam, a portion of this frame being welded to a portion of a metal plate, this portion being embedded in the concrete of said beam.
• said vertical metal plate which extends each end of the beam is secured to the metal frame of this beam by welding to a shoe constituted by a metal plate itself welded to the end of the frame. , perpendicular to the axis of the beam. This shoe is therefore applied against the concrete end of the beam.
• each of the vertical metal plates which extend each end of the post is joined by welding to the metal frame of this post, a portion of this frame being welded to a portion of a metal plate, this welded portion being embedded in the concrete of the post.
• the vertical metal plates which extend each end of the pole are secured to the metal frame of this pole by welding to a shoe consisting of a horizontal metal plate itself welded to the end of the reinforcement, perpendicular to the axis of the post. This shoe is therefore applied against the concrete end of the post.
• connection bars For the connection of the framework elements to each other by means of connection bars, use is generally made of a sealing material which may consist of mortar without shrinkage.
• a sealing material which may consist of mortar without shrinkage.
• other inorganic or organic sealants can be used (such as, for example, sealants based on heat-resistant polymerizable resins).
• the subject of the invention is also a two-storey building which comprises a framework as defined above.
• FIG. 1 is a perspective view, with partial cutaway, of a part of the building frame, according to a first embodiment, viewed obliquely from above, -
• FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the frame part shown in FIG. 1;
• Figs. 3 and 4 are views in vertical section, respectively along lines III-III and IV-IV of FIG. 2, showing enlarged details of the structure;
• FIG. 5 is a perspective view, on a larger scale, with cutaway and exploded view, showing the ends of the cross-section beams and posts which can be assembled in a knot of framework, these elements being seen obliquely from above
• - Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9 are views similar to FIG. 5, showing the successive phases of the production of the framework node
• - FIG. 9 further shows floor elements (shown with cutouts) resting on the main beams
• Fig. 10 is a view of the same framework node as that shown in FIG. 9, but shown obliquely below, - in this FIG. 10 are shown, in addition, floating slab elements (shown with cutouts) resting on the floor elements
• - Figs. 11 and 12 are views similar to FIGS.
• Figs. 13 and 14 are views similar to Figs. 11 and 12, but show a framework node at the junction of a main beam, two transverse beams and two posts with a T-shaped section;
• Figs. 15 and 16 are views similar to Figs. 13 and 14 but show a framework node at the junction of a main beam, a transverse beam and two columns with an L-shaped section;
• Fig. 17 is a plan view, on a larger scale, showing the ends of two main beams and two transverse beams which join in a framework node as shown in FIG. 7; this Fig.
• FIG. 17 shows in particular the shape and arrangement of the "waiting" reinforcements carried by these ends of beams
• - FIG. 18 is a view similar to FIG. 8 but shows an alternative embodiment of the framework
• - FIG. 19 is a vertical sectional view along the line XIX-XIX of FIG. 18
• Figs. 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 and 27 are views respectively similar to Figs. 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 15 and 16 but show the realization of the nodes of the frame according to the invention, according to another example of embodiment, the ends of the posts and beams meeting at each node of the frame being connected together, by joining together, by bolting, metal plates carried by these ends of posts and beams
• Figs. 28, 29 and 30 are schematic plan views (similar to FIG.
• FIG. 31 is a section along a horizontal plane of a post with four wings (cross-shaped section), - this figure also shows attached panels which close the corners formed by the wings of the post, thus forming vertical technical sheaths in which pass vertical pipes;
• Figs. 32 and 33 are sections similar to FIG. 31 but illustrate alternative embodiments of the posts.
• the framework of building 1 shown in Figs. 1 to 17 is made up of posts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, main beams 7, transverse beams 8 and floor elements 9. These reinforced concrete elements are prefabricated in the factory, which makes it possible to reach great precision with regard to their dimensions.
• the posts 2 and 3, located at the corners of the building have an L-shaped cross section, the right angle formed by the two wings of each post 2, 3 is turned towards the interior of the building.
• the other posts 4, 5 located along the periphery of the building have a T-shaped cross section, the wing of each post 4, 5 which forms the lower branch of the T being directed towards the interior of the building.
• the posts 6 which are distant from the periphery of the building have a cross section in the shape of a cross.
• the building structure 1 shown in FIG. 1 appears in plan as a rectangular mesh canvas formed by three straight lines parallel to each other, cut perpendicularly by other straight lines parallel to each other.
• Posts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 are located at the intersections of these lines.
• the beams 7, 8 and the wings of the posts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 on which they rest are arranged along the lines of this mesh.
• the beams 7 called “main beams” are arranged along said three parallel lines, the beams 8, called “transverse beams” being arranged along the lines perpendicular to these three lines.
• the main 7 and transverse 8 beams are supported by each of their ends on a post wing.
• the width of the beams 7, 8 is preferably equal to the width of the post wings on which they rest.
• the height of the main beams 7 is greater than that of the transverse beams 8.
• the arrangement of the beams 7, 8 which bear on the posts 2, 3, 4 , 5, 6 of the same level of the building is such that the lower face of the transverse beams 8 is located at an intermediate level between the lower face and the upper face of the main beams 7; moreover, the upper face of these same transverse beams 8 is situated at a higher level than the upper face of the main beams 7.
• the posts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 located on the successive stages are arranged vertically from one another.
• the posts and beams which meet at each node of the frame 1 are rigidly connected to each other by securing means which are shown in Figs. 4 to 17.
• the floor elements 9 are supported by two opposite edges on main beams 7. They are juxtaposed so as to form a continuous slab. Openings 10 are made in the floor elements 9, near the posts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, in the angles formed by the wings of these posts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, thus making it possible to produce vertical technical ducts passing from floor to floor, in the corners formed by these wings.
• openings 11 formed in the beams 7, 8 allow the passage of horizontal pipes in the building. These horizontal pipes can be masked by false ceilings 12 located substantially at the level of the underside of the transverse beams 8, as can be seen in FIG. 4.
• Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 show a framework node at the junction of two posts 6 having a cross-shaped section and the manner in which the elements which join at this node are connected together.
• the wings of the lower post 6 which serve as support for the transverse beams 8 have an extension 13 upwards relative to the rest of the post 6.
• the lower face of the transverse beams 8 is at an intermediate level between the lower face and the upper face of the main beams 7.
• the upper face of these transverse beams 8 is at a level higher than the upper face of the main beams 7, the lower end of the upper post 6 is shaped accordingly, the wings of the upper post 6 having an extension 14 downward relative to the rest of the post 6, so that each wing of the upper post 6 rests on a main beam 7 or on a transverse beam 8.
• the "waiting" reinforcements 16 carried by the ends of the main beams 7 are similar to the reinforcements 15, but each comprise an additional reinforcement bar situated between the lateral branches of the stirrup; the end of this additional rebar is welded to the crossbar of this stirrup.
• Fig. 17 shows, in a plan view, the arrangement of the reinforcements 15 and 16 when the ends of beams 7, 8 are placed on the top of a post 6.
• the waiting armatures 16 carried by the two beams 7 can pass one above the other.
• the "waiting" reinforcements carried by one of the main beams 7 are slightly inclined upwards, while the “waiting” reinforcements 16 carried by the other main beam 7 are slightly inclined downwards.
• the same arrangements are obviously made for the “waiting” reinforcements 15 carried by the ends of the transverse beams 8.
• the lower reinforcements 15 of the beams transverse 8 are located at an intermediate level between the lower and upper frames 16 of the main beams 7 and well spaced from these frames 16; the upper frames 15 of the transverse beams 8 are themselves above the upper frames 16 of the main beams 7 and well spaced from these upper frames 16.
• floor elements 9 are put in place as shown in FIG. 8. Note that the arrangement and dimensions of the main beams 7, the transverse beams 8 and the floor elements 9 are such that the upper face of the floor elements 9 is located substantially at the same level as the upper face of the transverse beams 8 .
• connection bars 17 are introduced into vertical sheaths 18 sealed in the upper part of the wings of the lower post 6 passing through vertical holes 19 made at the appropriate places in the beams 7, 8.
• the upper post 6 is then put in place, taking care to bring the upper part of the connection bars 17 into vertical sleeves (not shown in the Figures) sealed in the lower part of the wings of the upper post 6.
• connection bars 17 are sealed, in a manner known per se, in the holes 19 and in the sleeves contained in the ends of the posts 6.
• fluid mortar can be used without shrinkage or other suitable sealing materials such as heat-resistant polymerizable resins. Thanks to this connection by means of connection bars 17, there is continuity between the superposed posts 6, both for the tensile and compressive forces.
• FIGS. 11 to 16 show the structure and the realization of framework nodes at the junction of two posts 4 or 5 with T-shaped section or at the junction of two posts 2 with L-shaped section. We can easily understand the structure and the realization of these framework nodes by analogy with what is said above about the framework nodes at the junction of two posts 6 with cross-shaped section.
• Figs. 18 and 19 show an alternative embodiment of frameworks similar to those shown in FIGS. 1 to 17.
• the upper part 21 of the frame of the main beams 7 is left "pending" during the prefabrication of these beams.
• these bear by their edges on the already concreted part of these beams 7.
• Additional horizontal reinforcing bars 22 are placed perpendicular to the direction of the beam 7 in openings 23 formed in the floor elements 9. Concrete is then poured into the space between the floor elements 9 facing each other, thus drowning the upper part 21 of the reinforcements of the main beams 7 and the additional reinforcing bars 22. In this way the floor elements 9 are rigidly joined together and to the main beam 7.
• the upper face of the beam 7 thus produced is located higher (that is to say at the level of the upper face of the floor elements 9) than with the technique shown in FIGS. 3 to 16.
• its lower face will therefore also be located higher, which correspondingly reduces the size downwards of this beam 7.
• Figs. 20 to 27 show frame nodes according to the invention, formed according to another embodiment.
• Figs. 20 to 23 show in particular a framework node at the junction of two posts 6 having a cross-shaped section and the manner in which the elements which join at this node are connected together according to this embodiment.
• each end of the main beam 7 is extended by a vertical metal plate 24 which is secured to the metal frame of this beam 7, by being welded to a metal shoe 25 which is itself welded to the end of the reinforcement (not visible in the figures), perpendicular to the axis of the beam 7.
• This shoe 25 is therefore applied against the concrete end of the beam 7.
• each end of transverse beam 8 is extended by a vertical metal plate 26 which is secured to the metal frame of this beam 8, by being welded to a metal shoe 27 which is itself welded to the end of the frame, perpendicular to the axis of the beam 8.
• each end of pole 6 is extended, at each of its wings, by a vertical metal plate 28 which is secured to the metal frame of this pole 6, by welding to a metal shoe 29 which is itself welded at the end of the reinforcement, perpendicular to the axis of the post 6.
• Each end of a post 6 is therefore extended by four vertical metal plates 28.
• Each of these plates 28 is oriented substantially in a plane which includes the axis of the pole 6 and the axis of the wing which carries it.
• each beam 7, 8 which extends one end of the beam 7, 8, is oriented substantially along the axis of the beam 7, 8 which carries it.
• a metal plate 24, 26 is not placed exactly along the median longitudinal vertical plane of the beam 7, 8 which carries it, but its position is offset laterally by a distance which corresponds to the thickness of such a metal plate. Thanks to this arrangement, the axis of each beam 7, 8 will be directed exactly towards the axis of the post 6 which carries it.
• All these metal plates 24, 26, 28 are pierced with holes for bolts 30.
• the dimensions and arrangement of these plates 24, 26, 28 and the arrangement of holes for bolts 30 are such that the plates 24, 26 carried by the ends beams 7, 8 can each be fixed, by bolting, to a plate 28 carried by the upper end of the post 6 which carries these beams and to a plate 28 carried by the lower end of the post 6 placed immediately above.
• FIGS. 24 to 27 show the structure and the realization of framework nodes at the junction of two posts 4 with T-shaped section or at the junction of two posts 2 with L-shaped section. We can easily understand the structure and the realization of these framework nodes by analogy with what is said above about the framework nodes at the junction of two posts 6 with cross-shaped section, as shown in Figs. 20 to 23.
• FIGs. 20 to 27 offer many advantages and in particular the well-known advantages which are due to the ease of organization of what is known as the "dry site”. It will also be easily understood that with such a construction technique, the modification or enlargement of a building is greatly facilitated. It is also easy and very advantageous to be able to easily dismantle and reuse the framework elements of the buildings which it is desired to dismantle.
• Figs. 28, 29 and 30 are schematic plan views (similar to FIG. 2) showing three other examples of frame parts according to the invention.
• Fig. 28 shows that two parts of the framework of a building can be horizontally offset with respect to each other.
• the alignments of main beams 7 of one part of the frame are, in fact, horizontally offset with respect to the alignments of main beams 7 of the other part of the frame.
• Fig. 29 is a schematic plan view of part of the framework of a building (such as, for example a office building) in which two parallel corridors are provided between them.
• all the posts are posts 4, 5 with T-shaped section, with the exception of posts 2, 3 with L-shaped section at the corners of the building (not shown in Fig. 29 ).
• posts 4, 5 with a T-shaped section inside the building facilitates the distribution of the cables and pipes coming from the vertical technical sheaths housed in the corners of the posts 4, 5, to the premises situated on the and others from the corridors.
• Fig. 30 schematically shows the frameworks of a series of juxtaposed single-family houses. It will be noted that in this case all the posts of the framework are posts 5 with T-shaped section and posts 2, 3 with L-shaped section.
• Fig. 31 is a section, along a horizontal plane, of a post 6 with four wings. In the corners formed by the wings of this post 6, vertical technical sheaths are installed through which pipes 31 pass.
• Such a technical sheath can be closed by an attached panel 32 which connects in a straight line two adjacent wings of the post 6.
• An attached panel 33 makes it possible to close a technical sheath of larger section, while an attached panel 34 makes it possible to close a sheath smaller section technique.
• Fig. 32 is a section similar to that of FIG. 31 but shows an alternative embodiment of a cross section post.
• Two of the wings of the post 35 have, near the crossing of the wings, a zone of thinner thickness than that of the rest of these wings. This makes it possible in particular to form a vertical technical sheath for small diameter pipes 36, such as for example certain electrical pipes.
• Such a small section technical sheath can be closed by an attached panel 37.
• Fig. 33 is a section similar to that of FIGS. 31 and 32, but shows a pole 38 with cross-shaped section, each of the four wings having a cross section thinner near the crossing of the wings than that of the rest of this wing.
• the thinning of the post wings near the crossing of the wings also makes it possible to produce technical sheaths of larger section (than in the absence of this thinning), when these technical sheaths are closed, for example, by attached panels 32, 33 or 34.
• Figs. 31 to 33 show posts with cross-section, but it will be understood that the variants shown also apply, by analogy, to posts with L-shaped or T-shaped sections.
• Buildings comprising frameworks according to the invention can have the most varied shapes, dimensions and functions. Many of the advantages of these frames come not only from the particular shape of the posts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and the stiffness of the nodes of the frame, but also from the difference between the level of the underside of the main beams 7 and the level of the underside of the transverse beams 8.
• the main beams 7 are generally aligned along the facade of the building and parallel to this facade.
• these beams 7 can form the lintel of the openings (doors, patio doors and windows) provided in the front and rear facades of the building.
• each alignment of main beams 7 is advantageously located vertical to an alignment of interior partitions. As these main beams 7 descend relatively low, the height of these interior partitions can be reduced accordingly, which provides ease and economy. In addition, these main beams 7 act as lintels or transoms for the open doors or openings provided in these interior partitions.
• the transverse beams 8 have a small space downwards. Therefore, it is generally not necessary to hide these transverse beams 8 by false ceilings.
• false ceilings 12 may however be installed, preferably substantially at the level of the underside of the transverse beams 8. Such false ceilings 12 make it possible in particular to hide conduits passing through the space between the ceiling and the false ceiling 12.
• the distance between the ceiling and false ceiling 12 is quite small, but only electric cables and pipes of fairly small section must pass through this space. Larger cross-sections, such as air ducts and downspouts from .C. can, in fact, be housed in the vertical sheaths formed in the corners of the wings of the posts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
• the arrangement of the beams 7, 8 in the framework makes it possible to reduce the total height of the building. Furthermore, as the floor elements 9 rest on the main beams 7 located along the facade, provision can be made for horizontal cells to be formed, perpendicular to the facade, in these floor elements 9. In these cells can be mounted beams supporting cantilevered balconies or bow windows.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
• Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
• Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)

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• 1997
  • 1997-05-29 BE BE9700468A patent/BE1011185A5/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1998
  • 1998-04-09 KR KR1019997010490A patent/KR20010012535A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1998-04-09 YU YU61199A patent/YU61199A/sh unknown
  • 1998-04-09 EP EP98914716A patent/EP0985071A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 1998-04-09 SK SK1610-99A patent/SK161099A3/sk unknown
  • 1998-04-09 TR TR1999/02906T patent/TR199902906T2/xx unknown
  • 1998-04-09 BR BR9809696-6A patent/BR9809696A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1998-04-09 HU HU0003576A patent/HUP0003576A2/hu unknown
  • 1998-04-09 CN CN98805599A patent/CN1258332A/zh active Pending
  • 1998-04-09 JP JP50002399A patent/JP2002500712A/ja active Pending
  • 1998-04-09 AU AU69123/98A patent/AU6912398A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1998-04-09 WO PCT/BE1998/000051 patent/WO1998054418A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1998-04-09 CA CA002291591A patent/CA2291591A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 1998-04-09 PL PL98337161A patent/PL337161A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation

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