WO1998049355A1 - Process and device for recovering raw materials from waste and residues - Google Patents
Process and device for recovering raw materials from waste and residues Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998049355A1 WO1998049355A1 PCT/IB1998/000807 IB9800807W WO9849355A1 WO 1998049355 A1 WO1998049355 A1 WO 1998049355A1 IB 9800807 W IB9800807 W IB 9800807W WO 9849355 A1 WO9849355 A1 WO 9849355A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- chromium
- filter system
- waste
- temperature
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/64—Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/006—General arrangement of incineration plant, e.g. flow sheets
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/70—Blending
- F23G2201/701—Blending with additives
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/80—Shredding
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2202/00—Combustion
- F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
- F23G2202/103—Combustion in two or more stages in separate chambers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
- F23G2203/20—Rotary drum furnace
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
- F23G2203/50—Fluidised bed furnace
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
- F23J2215/60—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
- F23J2217/10—Intercepting solids by filters
- F23J2217/104—High temperature resistant (ceramic) type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
- F23J2219/70—Condensing contaminants with coolers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S423/00—Chemistry of inorganic compounds
- Y10S423/18—Treating trash or garbage
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the recovery of raw materials from waste and residues, in particular heavy metals, by separating materials by first producing a liquid or pasty input mixture and / or an input mixture from comminuted or ground components.
- waste or production-related residues mostly arise in the form of mixtures of substances that contain heavy metals such as chromium, zinc, nickel, copper, lead and others, often also in connection with organic substances, whereby usually the proportion of chromium predominates.
- chromium VI oxide or chromium III oxide (Cr 2 0 3 ) or else zinc can be present in the liquid, pasty or solid comminuted or ground waste or residues.
- waste containing heavy metals is treated, for example, in a chemical-physical plant so that the pollutants are reduced, i.e.
- CONFIRMATION COPY be rendered inert, i.e. difficult to elute.
- the resulting filter cake can then be disposed of in a special waste landfill.
- a process for the recovery of chromium which has become known from Bayer AG, is used in a highly concentrated area, using only certain solutions resulting from our own processes with certain contaminations that have been used as additives for the treatment of chromium ores.
- the heavy metals are bound from the liquid to the solid phase. That there is first a chemical treatment in which the highly concentrated chromium-containing waste is precipitated, forming sludges. After these sludges have dried, the waste can then be processed in a metal smelter.
- Highly concentrated waste is disposed of in containers or the like in accordance with the strict environmental regulations in force. packed and preferably stored in underground landfills.
- waste incineration plant With slightly contaminated waste that has a certain minimum calorific value, it is possible to incinerate it in a waste incineration plant.
- the residues arising from the incineration, such as fly ash and slag, must then be stored in hazardous waste landfills due to the increased heavy metal content.
- the waste incineration plant must be followed by an afterburning plant in order to remove the pollutants, such as dioxin, which arise during the first incineration of organic substances from the exhaust air. For this purpose, a much higher temperature must be reached in the post-incineration plant than in the actual waste incineration plant.
- the disadvantage here is that due to the high temperature, the chromium III oxide generated during the first thermal treatment is converted back into easily soluble chromium VI oxide and can then even leave the plant in an uncontrolled manner. A similar effect also occurs with zinc. In exceptional cases, small amounts of residual materials with a limited composition can be used as additives after appropriate pretreatment in metal smelters.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a method for recovering and separating raw materials from waste and residual materials, which can be implemented using simple means, works with high reliability and in which, if possible, no further waste or residual materials arise and with that Already deposited residues and waste can be processed.
- the raw materials are separated in a process of the type mentioned at the outset by a chemical-thermal treatment in a furnace through which air flows, in which the liquid or pasty input mixture and / or an input mixture of comminuted or ground constituents, depending on their composition, initially with additives is mixed and then subjected to a thermal treatment, the furnace atmosphere flowing through the input mixture and the suspended matter in the form of flakes or dust being transported from the furnace into a multi-stage filter system and separated from the exhaust gases, the first filter being hotter Filter is formed. The exhaust gases are then cooled and, after flowing through a second filter, are preheated at high temperature.
- aluminum-, iron-, chlorine- or sulfur-containing substances, as well as ground plastics or plastic granulate can be considered as reducing agents.
- refractory bricks containing chrome can be considered as an additive in aluminum oxide in ceramic batches or iron oxide in special alloys.
- the thermal treatment takes place in a reducing / oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature between 350 ° C and over 700 ° C depending on the respective input mixture.
- the furnace temperatures required in individual cases depend on which heavy metals are to be recovered and which composition the input mixture has and which end products (mineralization temperature) are to be produced.
- an oven temperature 500 - 900 ° C is required.
- the best temperature for zinc oxide is 550 - 1250 ° C.
- a reducing atmosphere is required for the recovery of chromium III oxide from chromium-containing residues and an oxidizing atmosphere for the recovery of zinc oxide from zinc-containing residues.
- the flakes of low density which form as a function of the air composition and temperature are passed through the flow velocity of the air set in the furnace through at least one filter of a filter system and are recovered there.
- the oxygen content, the speed of the chemical reaction and the density of the scales that form are the process parameters to be taken into account and determine the flow rate in the furnace that is necessary in individual cases.
- the flow rate depends on the heavy metal to be recovered and also on whether a rotary kiln or a fluidized bed kiln is used.
- the first filter in each case is designed as a hot filter to avoid additional reactions in the gas phase, downstream filters are then to be designed as low-temperature filters.
- the temperature in the first filter is approx. 800 ° C.
- the exhaust gas passing through the first filter can then reach the next filter are cooled to approx. 200 ° C.
- the resulting flue gas which can contain C0 2 , S0 2 , CL 2 , etc., is further processed after filtering in a conventional flue gas cleaning system to recover hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid.
- chromium III oxide takes place via the decomposition of the chromium-containing substances and the reduction / oxidation of the chromium.
- chromium III oxide takes place via the decomposition of the chromium and chlorine-containing substances, the formation of chromyl chloride (Cr0 2 CL 2 ), the decomposition of chromyl chloride and the formation of chromium III oxide.
- Chromium is recovered as chromium III oxide from wastes with a complicated composition by extraction with chlorine, forming chromyl chloride as an intermediate.
- the process can be used for the recovery of any heavy metals such as chromium, zinc, copper, lead, nickel and others. are used, only the process parameters having to be adapted accordingly.
- the method according to the invention can best be implemented with a thermal reactor which is immediately followed by a filter system, the prescribed after-combustion chamber being connected behind the filter system, as seen in the flow direction of the exhaust gases, or being arranged after the dust separation.
- the thermal reactor is preferably a rotary tube or fluidized bed furnace.
- the filter system is designed in several stages, the Separation of dust or dandruff is carried out in the first filter at a temperature of 800 ° C and the flue gas or exhaust gas is cooled before reaching another filter in order to prevent the formation of chromium VI oxide.
- All known filters such as a cyclone or ceramic filter for high temperature (as the first filter) or textile filter for low temperatures (as the second filter) can be used as the filter system, the exhaust gas cooling to approximately 200 ° C. before reaching the textile filter becomes.
- the advantage of the method according to the invention for the recovery of raw materials from waste and residues is that the chemical-thermal treatment can be easily adapted to the different composition of the input materials by simply changing the process parameters and / or the composition of the additives. In addition, there are no other residues apart from the production-related waste.
- the chemical-thermal treatment only grinding and sieving processes are necessary to prepare the recovered raw materials in the form of flakes with different grain size and density for their reuse, i.e. the recovered heavy metals are made available to customers in powder form.
- the method according to the invention is very environmentally friendly, since no substances that are harmful to the environment arise or are released at the end of the method.
- a new process run can be provided, which is necessary, for example, if the chromium VI content in the end product, that is to say in the scales, is too high.
- the process can be repeated, in which the product quality is ensured by adding a reducing agent.
- the device for carrying out the method according to the invention is characterized in that a thermal reactor for the chemical-thermal treatment of the raw materials is provided, and that a filter system is connected directly downstream of the reactor, with an afterburner chamber being connected behind the filter system as seen in the flow direction of the exhaust gases , or is arranged after the dust separation.
- the thermal reactor is preferably designed as a rotary tube or fluidized bed furnace, so that a sufficient residence time of the wastes and residues mixed with the additives is ensured in the thermal reactor.
- the filter system is also designed in several stages, with a cooling device being connected downstream of the first filter.
- a cooling device being connected downstream of the first filter.
- the temperature of the first filter is approx. 800 ° C, i.e. the first filter is designed as a hot filter.
- the second filter downstream of the first filter is designed as a textile filter and is operated at a temperature of approx. 200 ° C.
- This starting material is mixed with an aluminum-containing solution or an aluminum hydroxide slurry in order to bind the fluorine to A1F 3 and at the same time to correct the formulation of the starting material.
- quartz sand or silicon-containing waste is mixed in.
- the input mixture thus produced is blown into a rotary tube furnace together with plastic granulate and subjected to a thermal-chemical treatment in this.
- a furnace temperature of 750 ° C and 800 ° C and a reducing furnace atmosphere are set for this.
- the plastic granulate can consist of any plastic and serves as a reducing agent to create the necessary reducing atmosphere in the furnace.
- the blown mixture is flowed through by the furnace atmosphere, the chromium III scales that are formed being carried by the air flow into a downstream first dust filter.
- the scales are separated from the exhaust gas and then cooled.
- the first dust filter is operated at 800 ° C. This prevents undesirable chemical reactions, such as the oxidation of chromium III oxide to chromium VI oxide. Cooling the Dust filters are useful for the recovery of copper or nickel, whereas a filter temperature of approx. 800 ° C is useful for the recovery of chromium, zinc or lead.
- the first dust filter is followed by a second dust filter in the form of a textile filter.
- a cooling device is arranged between the two filters in order to cool the exhaust gases down to approximately 200 ° C. before reaching the second filter.
- the exhaust air After the exhaust air has passed through the dust filter, it is reheated and passed into an afterburning chamber, in which organic components of the exhaust air, eg dioxin, are burned to harmless substances such as C0 2 , N0 2 , S0 2 .
- organic components of the exhaust air eg dioxin
- the flue gas generated in the combustion chamber which can contain C0 2 , S0 2 , Cl 2 etc., is passed into a flue gas cleaning system, with the help of which hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid can then be recovered.
- chromium-III oxide takes place via an intermediate stage, in that chromyl chloride is first produced by the decomposition of the chlorine- and chromium-containing substances, which is then decomposed to Cl 2 and Cr 2 0 3 .
- auxiliaries are, for example, aluminum, iron, silicon or magnesium oxide.
- the device for carrying out the method consists of a thermal reactor (rotary tube or fluidized bed furnace) for the chemical-thermal treatment of the raw materials, which is immediately followed by a multi-stage filter system.
- the filter system consists of a first hot filter (ceramic filter, cyclone), which is operated at approx. 800 ° C and a downstream second filter (textile filter), which is operated at approx. 200 ° C, with a cooling device between the two filters is arranged.
- the exhaust air outlet of the filter system is connected to a conventional afterburning chamber, which can be connected to a flue gas cleaning system if required.
- a flue gas cleaning system if required.
- the exhaust air from the filter system is preheated and fed to the post-combustion chamber.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (20)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU72287/98A AU7228798A (en) | 1997-04-28 | 1998-04-28 | Process and device for recovering raw materials from waste and residues |
CA002288195A CA2288195C (en) | 1997-04-28 | 1998-04-28 | Process and device for recovering raw materials from waste and residues |
EP98919422A EP0979314B1 (en) | 1997-04-28 | 1998-04-28 | Process and device for recovering raw materials from waste and residues |
PL98336665A PL189748B1 (en) | 1997-04-28 | 1998-04-28 | Method of and apparatus for recovering useful raw materials from wastes and residues |
SK1475-99A SK284421B6 (en) | 1997-04-28 | 1998-04-28 | Process for recovering raw materials from waste and residues and device applying this process |
NZ500583A NZ500583A (en) | 1997-04-28 | 1998-04-28 | Process for recovering raw materials from waste and residues using a thermochemical reaction and apparatus thereof |
EA199900976A EA001278B1 (en) | 1997-04-28 | 1998-04-28 | Process and device for recovering raw materials from waste and residues |
DE59802344T DE59802344D1 (en) | 1997-04-28 | 1998-04-28 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR RECOVERING RAW MATERIALS FROM WASTE AND RESIDUAL MATERIALS |
SI9830120T SI0979314T1 (en) | 1997-04-28 | 1998-04-28 | Process and device for recovering raw materials from waste and residues |
HU0002244A HU224764B1 (en) | 1997-04-28 | 1998-04-28 | Process and device for recovering raw materials from waste and residues |
EEP199900467A EE04200B1 (en) | 1997-04-28 | 1998-04-28 | Method and apparatus for recovering raw materials from waste and residues |
JP54678098A JP2001522407A (en) | 1997-04-28 | 1998-04-28 | Method and apparatus for recovering raw materials from waste and residues |
BR9809018-6A BR9809018A (en) | 1997-04-28 | 1998-04-28 | Process and equipment for recovering raw materials from waste and manure |
IL13257298A IL132572A (en) | 1997-04-28 | 1998-04-28 | Process and device for recovering raw materials from waste and residues |
DK98919422T DK0979314T3 (en) | 1997-04-28 | 1998-04-28 | Process and device for recycling raw materials from waste and residues |
AT98919422T ATE210198T1 (en) | 1997-04-28 | 1998-04-28 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR RECOVERING RAW MATERIALS FROM WASTE AND RESIDUES |
UA99116451A UA46147C2 (en) | 1997-04-28 | 1998-04-28 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR EXTRACTION OF RAW MATERIALS FROM BY-PRODUCTS AND RESIDUES |
NO19995145A NO323858B1 (en) | 1997-04-28 | 1999-10-21 | Process and apparatus for recycling of raw materials from waste and residues |
US09/429,533 US6375908B1 (en) | 1997-04-28 | 1999-10-28 | Process and apparatus for recovery of raw materials from wastes residues |
BG103889A BG64200B1 (en) | 1997-04-28 | 1999-11-16 | Method and device for the recycling of raw materials from wastes and residual substances |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19717688 | 1997-04-28 | ||
DE19717688.7 | 1997-04-28 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/429,533 Continuation US6375908B1 (en) | 1997-04-28 | 1999-10-28 | Process and apparatus for recovery of raw materials from wastes residues |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998049355A1 true WO1998049355A1 (en) | 1998-11-05 |
Family
ID=7827841
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB1998/000807 WO1998049355A1 (en) | 1997-04-28 | 1998-04-28 | Process and device for recovering raw materials from waste and residues |
Country Status (27)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6375908B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP0979314B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2001522407A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20010020352A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1075121C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE210198T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU7228798A (en) |
BG (1) | BG64200B1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9809018A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2288195C (en) |
CU (1) | CU22831A3 (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ294933B6 (en) |
DE (1) | DE59802344D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0979314T3 (en) |
EA (1) | EA001278B1 (en) |
EE (1) | EE04200B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2170491T3 (en) |
HU (1) | HU224764B1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL132572A (en) |
NO (1) | NO323858B1 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ500583A (en) |
PL (1) | PL189748B1 (en) |
RS (1) | RS49543B (en) |
SK (1) | SK284421B6 (en) |
TR (1) | TR199902664T2 (en) |
UA (1) | UA46147C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998049355A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
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CN1323176C (en) * | 2005-05-25 | 2007-06-27 | 华中科技大学 | Recovery method of heavy metal in incineration of rejected material and its device |
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EP2375153B1 (en) * | 2010-04-12 | 2018-09-26 | Heiner Zwahr | Processing of flue ash |
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CN112676320B (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2022-08-19 | 天津市雷升科技有限公司 | Garbage disposal device |
CN114082767A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-02-25 | 华南理工大学 | Method for promoting chlorination volatilization of heavy metals in fly ash generated by burning household garbage |
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1998
- 1998-04-28 AT AT98919422T patent/ATE210198T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-04-28 PL PL98336665A patent/PL189748B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-04-28 CA CA002288195A patent/CA2288195C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-04-28 DK DK98919422T patent/DK0979314T3/en active
- 1998-04-28 BR BR9809018-6A patent/BR9809018A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-04-28 EE EEP199900467A patent/EE04200B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-04-28 EP EP98919422A patent/EP0979314B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-04-28 NZ NZ500583A patent/NZ500583A/en unknown
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- 1998-04-28 AU AU72287/98A patent/AU7228798A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-04-28 WO PCT/IB1998/000807 patent/WO1998049355A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-04-28 KR KR1019997009971A patent/KR20010020352A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-04-28 SK SK1475-99A patent/SK284421B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-04-28 DE DE59802344T patent/DE59802344D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-04-28 IL IL13257298A patent/IL132572A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-04-28 CZ CZ19993703A patent/CZ294933B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-04-28 RS YU54999 patent/RS49543B/en unknown
- 1998-04-28 CN CN98804611A patent/CN1075121C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-04-28 HU HU0002244A patent/HU224764B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-04-28 EA EA199900976A patent/EA001278B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-04-28 TR TR1999/02664T patent/TR199902664T2/en unknown
- 1998-04-28 ES ES98919422T patent/ES2170491T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-04-28 JP JP54678098A patent/JP2001522407A/en active Pending
-
1999
- 1999-10-21 NO NO19995145A patent/NO323858B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-10-27 CU CU1999174A patent/CU22831A3/en unknown
- 1999-10-28 US US09/429,533 patent/US6375908B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-11-16 BG BG103889A patent/BG64200B1/en unknown
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102872690A (en) * | 2012-10-17 | 2013-01-16 | 浙江大学 | Device and method for recovering cyanogen through electric migration and recovering NH3 through oxidation |
CN102872690B (en) * | 2012-10-17 | 2014-05-07 | 浙江大学 | Device and method for recovering cyanogen through electric migration and recovering NH3 through oxidation |
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