CN1323176C - Recovery method of heavy metal in incineration of rejected material and its device - Google Patents

Recovery method of heavy metal in incineration of rejected material and its device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1323176C
CN1323176C CNB2005100187837A CN200510018783A CN1323176C CN 1323176 C CN1323176 C CN 1323176C CN B2005100187837 A CNB2005100187837 A CN B2005100187837A CN 200510018783 A CN200510018783 A CN 200510018783A CN 1323176 C CN1323176 C CN 1323176C
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heavy metal
temperature
fly
flue
water
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CN1718785A (en
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徐明厚
韩军
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for recovering heavy metal elements in the process of incinerating rejected material. The present invention comprises the following steps: 1. determining the reference recovering temperature of heavy metal to be recovered, and recording the reference recovering temperature by Ri from high temperature to low temperature; 2. cooling fume exhausted from an incinerator, reducing fume temperature to be R1 to make main compounds of the heavy metal element changed into the solid state, and using a dust cleaner to recover a corresponding heavy metal element M1; 3. repeating the steps. The present invention also relates to a device which comprises a plurality of stages of recovering devices. A tunnel outlet is connected with an inlet of a dust cleaner through the head of a connecting pipe, and an inlet of the dust cleaner is provided with a temperature measuring device; a cooling water pipe is sheathed outside a tunnel, and a heat-insulating layer is sheathed outside the cooling water pipe of which the water inlet is provided with a valve provided with a valve control device. The present invention can selectively recover heavy metal, can reduce the exhaust of heavy metal elements, can bring economic benefits, and can also reduce pollutant discharge. The present invention is particularly suitable for recovering heavy metal when medical waste, sludge and industrial waste with high heavy metal concentration are incinerated.

Description

The recovery method of heavy metal element and device in the castoff burning process
Technical field
The invention belongs to the incineration flue gas processing technology field, relate to recovery method and device that incinerator burns heavy metal element in the back-end ductwork of back, use when being particularly useful for the higher clinical waste of heavy metal content, industrial waste incineration.
Background technology
The method of disposing waste mainly contains fills out sea, landfill, burning and pyrolysis etc.These methods all have some relative merits of oneself, as: fill out the restriction that the sea is subjected to some international regulations: landfill addressing cautiously, and occupation of land is many, expense is high; Burning method obtains promoting in recent years.Compare with other each methods, burning method has following advantage (1) to reduce the volume and weight of waste widely, and the lime-ash after the burning also can be made into useful building material product; (2) processing speed of waste is fast, does not need standing storage; (3) can be used for generating and heat supply by recovered energy.
But, the burning method part that also comes with some shortcomings, as producing secondary pollutant in the castoff burning process, comprise obnoxious flavour, harmful waste residue, heavy metal element etc., the cost of handling these secondary pollutants is very high, simultaneously owing to a lot of heavy metal elements are enriched on the submicron particles, present pollutent operating device is not high for the capture rate of heavy metal, how to control the discharging of heavy metal element, does not also have good way so far.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the recovery method and the device of heavy metal element in a kind of castoff burning process, it not only can effectively control the discharging of heavy metal, can reclaim the heavy metal in the flue gas simultaneously, turns waste into wealth.
The recovery method of heavy metal element the steps include: in a kind of castoff burning process provided by the invention
(1) determines the shrinkage temperature that refers back to of heavy metal to be recycled, be designated as R from high to low according to referring back to shrinkage temperature i, i=1 ..., N, wherein N is the number of heavy metal element to be recycled;
If contained heavy metal M in the flue gas iThe fusing point of main compound, i=1 wherein ..., N, its minimum value is designated as Tb i, this heavy metal M then iRefer back to shrinkage temperature R i=Tbi-S, S=30 ℃-80 ℃;
(2) flue gas of discharging is carried out cooling process with water coolant from incinerator, flue-gas temperature is reduced to R 1, it is solid-state that this heavy metal element main compound is changed into, uses fly-ash separator to reclaim corresponding heavy metal element M 1
(3) flue gas to ejecting from above-mentioned fly-ash separator, the above process of recirculation makes temperature reduce to R successively 2, R 3..., R N, reclaim heavy metal element M successively 2, M 3..., M N
Realize the device of aforesaid method, comprise some grades of withdrawers, the structure of every grade of withdrawer is: the outlet of flue is joined by the import that connects tube head and fly-ash separator, and the ingress of fly-ash separator is provided with temperature measuring equipment; Flue is with water-cooled tube outward, and water-cooled tube is with thermal insulation layer outward; The outlet of the fly-ash separator of the import of flue and incinerator exhaust outlet or upper level withdrawer is joined; The water-in of water-cooled tube is provided with the valve of band valve control device.
Heavy metal is carried by flue gas and enters back-end ductwork, flue gas is carried out cooling process, and control and adjusting flue-gas temperature, make that flue-gas temperature need below the heavy metal fusing point of recovery to be cooled to before arriving fly-ash separator, because envrionment temperature is lower than the fusing point of heavy metal compound, make the heavy metal that needs to reclaim before reaching fly-ash separator, just be converted into solid-state, caught by fly-ash separator subsequently, make that this heavy metal concentration is very high in the flying dust that this fly-ash separator catches, and other heavy metal concentration is relatively low, can reach separating beavy metal like this, reclaim the purpose of heavy metal.Flue gas enters the flue of next stage behind the process fly-ash separator, repeats top step again, can catch the more relatively low heavy metal of some other fusing point, enter the flue and the fly-ash separator of last step subsequently, can catch the low again heavy metal of fusing point again, last flue gas enters chimney, and row is as atmosphere.In a word, the present invention can selectively reclaim heavy metal, can reduce the discharging of heavy metal element simultaneously, not only can bring economic benefit but also can reduce pollutant emission.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of embodiment of apparatus of the present invention.
Embodiment
The step of the inventive method is as follows:
(1) set up the shrinkage temperature that refers back to of heavy metal to be recycled, be designated as Ri from high to low according to referring back to shrinkage temperature, i=1 ..., N, wherein N is the number of heavy metal element to be recycled, the preferred value scope of N is 3-8.
The compound of every heavy metal species element all has the fusing point of oneself, sets up the database of the fusing point of these heavy metal element compounds.Because flue gas moves, the gas-solid conversion process of heavy metal needs for some time, and referring back to shrinkage temperature Ri should be lower than heavy metal compound melting temperature.Search the fusing point of the main compound of contained heavy metal Mi in the flue gas in database, its minimum value is designated as Tbi, then heavy metal Mi refer back to shrinkage temperature Ri=Tbi-S, S=30 ℃-80 ℃, wherein, the preferred value of S is 50 ℃.
(2) flue gas of discharging is carried out cooling process with water coolant from incinerator, flue-gas temperature is reduced to R1, thereby it is solid-state to make that this heavy metal element main compound changes into, use fly-ash separator to reclaim heavy metal element M1.
Measure temperature T 1, the shrinkage temperature R1 that refers back to of heavy metal M1 is compared with fly-ash separator ingress flue-gas temperature T1, obtain deviation signal P, P=R1-T1 by this grade fly-ash separator ingress flue gas.Regulate the flow of water coolant according to the value of P: if the flow of water coolant is then reduced in P＞0, reduce the calorific loss of flue gas, make flue-gas temperature rise, otherwise, if P＜0, then increase the flow of water coolant, increase the thermosteresis of flue gas, make flue-gas temperature descend.
To the flue gas that ejects from above-mentioned fly-ash separator, the above process of recirculation makes temperature reduce to R2 successively, R3 ..., RN reclaims heavy metal element M2 successively, M3 ..., MN.
Can adopt the flow of the better controlled chilling water of following method:
Measure velocity of flue gas Vj by this grade fly-ash separator ingress flue gas, and the temperature W of water coolant import and export place water coolant j, W j', j=1,2 ... N, calculate the flow F of water by following formula:
F = c p VA ( R i - T j ) c p 1 ρ ( W j ′ - W j ) = c p V j * A * P c p 1 ρ ( W j ′ - W j ) - - - ( I )
Cp is the specific heat of flue gas in the following formula, and A is the flue cross-sectional area, and P is a deviation signal, and cp1 is a specific heat of water, and ρ is the density of water.
Can release from following formula, the relation of valve opening changes delta α and flue-gas temperature deviation changes delta P is as follows:
Δα ΔP = ∂ α ∂ F ≈ Δα ΔF - - - ( II )
Structure shown in Figure 1 is a kind of retrieving arrangement of realizing three grades of withdrawers of aforesaid method.The structure of every grade of withdrawer is:
The import of flue 9 and incinerator exhaust outlet join, and the outlet of flue 9 is joined with the import of fly-ash separator 5 by connecting tube head 6, and the ingress of fly-ash separator 5 is provided with temperature measuring equipment 3 (as thermopair).The flue 9 outer water-cooled tubes 1 that are with, water-cooled tube is with thermal insulation layer 2 insulations outward.The water-in of water-cooled tube is provided with valve 7, and valve control device 8 is used for the aperture of by-pass valve control 7, with the flow of water in the controlled chilling water pipe.
In order to realize better technique effect, the present invention takes following measure:
Velocity of flue gas test set 4 (as laser) is set, to measure velocity of flue gas Vj by fly-ash separator ingress flue gas in the fly-ash separator ingress.At water coolant import and export place temperature measuring equipment (as thermopair) is set respectively, to measure the temperature W of water coolant import and export place water coolant j, W j', j=1,2 ... N, valve control device 8 can refer back to shrinkage temperature, flue-gas temperature and flow velocity according to heavy metal to be recycled like this, calculates the flow F of water according to top (I) formula, with the aperture of by-pass valve control more accurately.
The structure of following secondary recovery device is identical with first step withdrawer, and just the inlet mouth of its flue and the venting port of upper level fly-ash separator join.
Valve control device 8 can adopt the PID controller, and wherein the transmitter in the PID controller adopts flow transmitter.The PID controller cooperates with temperature measuring equipment 3, realizes definite value control, the change of flux values are sent.Its principle is with instruction and feedback signal relatively, and through ratio, integration, differential amplification correction, comprehensive outputting standard voltage signal by power magnification, drives servo, the proportional valve degree of the folding of by-pass valve control 7 then.The PID controller shows its measured temperature, temperature given value and three values of flow control amount.
PID controllers at different levels all can be connected with computer, realize the further control to apparatus of the present invention.
Apparatus of the present invention can comprise multistage withdrawer, but the device effect of 3-8 level withdrawer is better.

Claims (10)

1, the recovery method of heavy metal element in a kind of castoff burning process the steps include:
(1) determines the shrinkage temperature that refers back to of heavy metal to be recycled, be designated as R from high to low according to referring back to shrinkage temperature i, i=1 ..., N, wherein N is the number of heavy metal element to be recycled;
If contained heavy metal M in the flue gas iThe fusing point of main compound, i=1 wherein ..., N, its minimum value is designated as Tb i, this heavy metal M then iRefer back to shrinkage temperature R i=Tb i-S, S=30 ℃-80 ℃;
(2) flue gas of discharging is carried out cooling process with water coolant from incinerator, flue-gas temperature is reduced to R 1, it is solid-state that this heavy metal element main compound is changed into, uses fly-ash separator to reclaim corresponding heavy metal element M 1
(3) flue gas to ejecting from above-mentioned fly-ash separator, the above process of recirculation makes temperature reduce to R successively 2, R 3..., R N, reclaim heavy metal element M successively 2, M 3..., M N
2, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step (2), measure the temperature T by this grade fly-ash separator ingress flue gas 1, with heavy metal M 1Refer back to shrinkage temperature R 1With fly-ash separator ingress flue-gas temperature T 1Compare, obtain deviation signal P, P=R 1-T 1If the flow of water coolant is then reduced in P＞0, if P＜0, then increase the flow of water coolant.
3, method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: measure the velocity of flue gas V by this grade fly-ash separator ingress flue gas j, and the temperature W of water coolant import and export place water coolant j, W j', j=1,2 ... N, calculate the flow F of water coolant by following formula:
F = c p VA ( R i - T j ) c p 1 ρ ( W j ′ - W j ) = c p V j * A * P c p 1 ρ ( W j ′ - W j ) (I formula)
Wherein, c pBe the specific heat of flue gas, A is the flue cross-sectional area, and P is a deviation signal, c P1Be specific heat of water, ρ is the density of water.
4, according to claim 1,2 or 3 described methods, it is characterized in that: S equals 50 ℃.
5, according to claim 1,2 or 3 described methods, it is characterized in that: the span of N is 3-8.
6, a kind of device of realizing the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: this device comprises some grades of withdrawers, the structure of every grade of withdrawer is: the outlet of flue (9) is joined with the import of fly-ash separator (5) by connecting tube head (6), and the ingress of fly-ash separator (5) is provided with temperature measuring equipment (3); Flue (9) is outer to be with water-cooled tube (1), and water-cooled tube is with thermal insulation layer (2) outward; The outlet of the fly-ash separator (5) of the import of flue (9) and incinerator exhaust outlet or upper level withdrawer is joined; The water-in of water-cooled tube is provided with the valve (7) of band valve control device (8).
7, device according to claim 6 is characterized in that: described fly-ash separator ingress is provided with velocity of flue gas test set (4).
8, according to claim 6 or 7 described devices, it is characterized in that: the place is provided with temperature measuring equipment respectively at the water coolant import and export.
9, according to claim 6 or 7 described devices, it is characterized in that: this device comprises 3-8 level withdrawer.
10, according to claim 6 or 7 described devices, it is characterized in that: valve control device (8) is the PID controller.
CNB2005100187837A 2005-05-25 2005-05-25 Recovery method of heavy metal in incineration of rejected material and its device Expired - Fee Related CN1323176C (en)

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CN103673652B (en) * 2013-12-26 2015-12-09 中冶东方工程技术有限公司 Flue gas cooling control method in a kind of electric stove dust process and system
CN115044781B (en) * 2022-06-06 2023-08-15 广西万仕智稀贵金属科技有限公司 Bismuth removing device for pyrometallurgy of bismuth-containing antimonic ore

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1075121C (en) * 1997-04-28 2001-11-21 梅拉娜·卡斯扎斯－萨沃斯 Process and device for recovering raw materials from waste and residues
JP2004076089A (en) * 2002-08-16 2004-03-11 Jfe Engineering Kk Apparatus and method for recovering low-melting valuable resource

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1075121C (en) * 1997-04-28 2001-11-21 梅拉娜·卡斯扎斯－萨沃斯 Process and device for recovering raw materials from waste and residues
JP2004076089A (en) * 2002-08-16 2004-03-11 Jfe Engineering Kk Apparatus and method for recovering low-melting valuable resource

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
城市固体废弃物的污染与防治 胡杰平，唐学星，李建新，金华职业技术学院学报，第2卷 2002 *
城市固体废弃物的污染与防治 胡杰平，唐学星，李建新，金华职业技术学院学报，第2卷 2002;重金属螯合剂处理焚烧飞灰的稳定化技术研究 蒋建国，王伟，李国鼎，那崇铮，甑晓月，赵翔龙，环境科学，第3卷第20期 1999 *
重金属螯合剂处理焚烧飞灰的稳定化技术研究 蒋建国，王伟，李国鼎，那崇铮，甑晓月，赵翔龙，环境科学，第3卷第20期 1999 *

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