WO1998038137A1 - Procede et dispositif de fabrication de reseaux de lentilles flexibles - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de fabrication de reseaux de lentilles flexibles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998038137A1
WO1998038137A1 PCT/US1997/000952 US9700952W WO9838137A1 WO 1998038137 A1 WO1998038137 A1 WO 1998038137A1 US 9700952 W US9700952 W US 9700952W WO 9838137 A1 WO9838137 A1 WO 9838137A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plates
group
conformity
molds
pressure
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1997/000952
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Pierre V. Calderini
Thierry L. A. Dannoux
Jean-Pierre Themont
Original Assignee
Corning Incorporated
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to FR9601139A priority Critical patent/FR2744113B1/fr
Application filed by Corning Incorporated filed Critical Corning Incorporated
Priority to AU27214/97A priority patent/AU723655B2/en
Priority to EP97921073A priority patent/EP0963353A1/fr
Priority to PCT/US1997/000952 priority patent/WO1998038137A1/fr
Priority to US09/367,711 priority patent/US6347536B1/en
Priority to KR10-1999-7007722A priority patent/KR100461558B1/ko
Priority to JP53758998A priority patent/JP2001513068A/ja
Publication of WO1998038137A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998038137A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/0006—Arrays
    • G02B3/0012—Arrays characterised by the manufacturing method
    • G02B3/0025—Machining, e.g. grinding, polishing, diamond turning, manufacturing of mould parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C59/00—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C59/02—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by mechanical means, e.g. pressing
    • B29C59/04—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by mechanical means, e.g. pressing using rollers or endless belts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
    • B29D11/00009—Production of simple or compound lenses
    • B29D11/00278—Lenticular sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B11/00—Pressing molten glass or performed glass reheated to equivalent low viscosity without blowing
    • C03B11/06—Construction of plunger or mould
    • C03B11/08—Construction of plunger or mould for making solid articles, e.g. lenses
    • C03B11/082—Construction of plunger or mould for making solid articles, e.g. lenses having profiled, patterned or microstructured surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
    • C03B23/02—Re-forming glass sheets
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/0006—Arrays
    • G02B3/0012—Arrays characterised by the manufacturing method
    • G02B3/0031—Replication or moulding, e.g. hot embossing, UV-casting, injection moulding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
    • C03B2215/40—Product characteristics
    • C03B2215/41—Profiled surfaces
    • C03B2215/414—Arrays of products, e.g. lenses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
    • Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates

Definitions

  • the present invention pertains to a process and device for manufacturing networks of microlenses and, especially, to a process in which a plate of malleable material is pressed against a grooved nonmalleable surface of a consistent network of pits in which at least the openings correspond to the contours of the convex parts of the microlenses, which are formed by permanent pressing of the plate against the pitted surface.
  • the present invention also pertains to a device for implementing this process.
  • networks of optical microlenses are used in various applications and, especially, for taking and reproducing images.
  • video image projectors that function by projecting light across a two-dimensional matrix of liquid crystal cells showing the image to be projected.
  • the previously cited French patent application proposed a device containing a waterproof housing for fluid, a support means of optical material for the plate, and a rigid sheet with a pitted surface. They are parallel and close to each other. The plate thus constitutes an element of the housing's wall.
  • This patent application also proposed a means for establishing different fluid pressure levels in the housing compared to that on the side of the plate opposite the plate limiting the housing, so that this plate is pressed against the pitted surface upon activation of the means used to establish pressure.
  • it can include a multiplicity of superposed housings. Each housing is limited by two optical plates on opposite sides and each is placed next to a corresponding pitted surface. The means for establishing fluid pressure in these housings operate in parallel.
  • the device By producing several networks of microlenses at the same time, we obtain the desired increase in productivity. Nevertheless, the device must also include a multiplicity of superposed housings having the appearance of a complex stacking of plates made of optical material, sheets with a pitted surface, supports, crossbars, and sealing gaskets. The assembling and disassembling of such a complex device limits the productivity of the described device.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to allow a process and a device for manufacturing networks of microlenses designed in order to ensure a high productivity, being suitable for industrial production in a large volume and at a low manufacturing cost.
  • the goal of the invention is reached by a process for manufacturing networks of microlenses of the type described in the preamble of the present description. It is remarkable in that one forms a group composed of a multiplicity of plates of malleable material and a multiplicity of generally flat molds in which each contains at least one nonmalleable pitted surface. These last objects are inserted between the plates so that at least one side of each of the plates is arranged opposite a pitted surface of a mold. A noticeably uniform pressure oriented perpendicularly to the surface of the plates is applied to the entire group, as it has been produced.
  • the group of plates and molds is quickly assembled and disassembled. It can even be done automatically.
  • the setting of successive pressure for such groups of plates can also be automated, which allows reaching the desired high level of productivity.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic vertical sectional view of the device according to the invention
  • FIG. 1 shows a diagram illustrating various structures of the group of pressed plates and molds in the device of Figure 1,
  • Figure 5 shows a diagram illustrating a process for marking two molds, in a group of plates and molds such as in Figure 4,
  • - Figure 6 shows a vertical cross-sectional view of the means for applying pressure which are part of the device in Figure 1
  • - Figure 7 shows a schematic view of the transfer means suitable for ensuring an automatic and continuous power supply for the device in Figure 1 , with the groups to be pressed.
  • the represented device includes a thermally insulated housing 1 of a refractory alloy, for example, Nicrimphy (trademark) of Imphy, Ltd., and means 2, which may be electric, for heating space 3 inside this housing 1.
  • Housing 1 may be insulated by blankets 4 of thermal insulating fibrous material.
  • Space 3 is closed by an insulating obturator 5 and a sliding door 6 installed on grooves 7.
  • Horizontal rails 8 are installed in space 3 to receive groups 9,, 9 2 , ... of plates of malleable optical material and flat molds inserted between these plates. As we will see later on, this will allow the transfer of these groups into pressing post 10, then the extraction of this post. These rails are solidly joined together across blanket 4 of frame 11 of the support for the device.
  • Gate 6 is crossed by control rod 12, which can slide horizontally into this gate.
  • the rod successively allows moving and indexing the different groups 9 ! to 9 3 into positions for heating, pressing, and cooling.
  • Pressing post 10 includes a baseplate 13 and a die 14, represented in greater detail in Figure 6.
  • Die 14 is installed on a vertical shaft of support 15 by means of joint 16 whose axis is perpendicular to that of shaft 15, for a reason that will be explained later.
  • Die 14 has two protrusions 14,, 14 2 arranged to come into contact with corresponding support areas
  • Baseplate 13 is installed vertically mobile on shaft 18 and forms a joint with an extremity of lever 19 (see Figure 1), which is activated by jack [actuator] 20 to revolve about axis 21 so as to bring baseplate 13 close to die 14, then to successively move it away during the pressing of group 9 ⁇ in post 10.
  • the group [of plates] is completed by sheet 26 made of compressible material that is a good conductor of heat, such as graphite, placed against one of the blocks 22, 23 (here block 22) for a purpose that will be explained later.
  • Sheet 26 is separated from the adjacent glass plate of the group by an inserted sheet 27 whose function will be described later.
  • composition and production of glass plates 24 ; and molds 25 ; [sic; called sheets earlier] may correspond exactly to the description in the previously cited French patent application and in French Patent Application No. 9,502,983, which was filed on March 15, 1995 by the applicant.
  • Molds 25j can be made, for example, with the previously cited Nicrimphy 600 metal alloy sheet, whose thickness is, for example, between 0.2 and 0.3 mm. It is not malleable under the temperature (up to 750° C) and pressure conditions of the process according to the invention. Nevertheless, the slight thickness of the molds advantageously contributes to the transmission of a pressure field without disturbing this field, as will be seen later.
  • the engraving of the pits is ensured by photolithographic techniques described in the previously cited patent applications.
  • the depth of the printing is, of course, greater than the thickness of the convex part of the lenses to be formed by pressing in the glass plate so as to give an optical finish to the convex surface of the lenses, as it will be more thoroughly explained in said patent application.
  • molds 25 are covered with an adhesive agent, such as boron nitride or soot, in order to avoid physico-chemical interactions between the plates and the molds, such as gluing during the pressing operation of group [of plates] 9;.
  • an adhesive agent such as boron nitride or soot
  • the pressing gears, baseplate 13, die 14, counterbaseplate 22, and counterdie 23 must obviously maintain sufficient mechanical properties at the high temperatures (approximately 750° C) established in space 3 in order to bring the glass plates to a plastic state suitable for the passage of these plates.
  • Refractory steel of the NS 30 type (AFNOR)
  • Z12CN25-20 is suitable under these conditions, to create pressing gears.
  • sheet 26 due to its compressibility, is used to absorb surface irregularities of counterbaseplate 22 so as to suppress any area of concentration of constraints during pressing, while thus ensuring excellent uniformity of the pressure established in the glass plates of group 9 h with this uniformity along with the temperature of the glass depending on the consistency of the optical characteristics of the microlenses formed on the entire surface of each plate.
  • sheet 26 can be composed of a graphite sheet whose thickness is 0.8 mm. It is marketed under the name Sigraflex V 10010C4 by SGL Carbon GmbH. Its good thermal conductivity allows the metallic mass constituting counterbaseplate 22 to play an important role in standardizing the glass temperature [sic], throughout the entire thickness of the group.
  • Inserted sheet 27 may be composed of an unengraved Nicrimphy 600 sheet, possibly covered by an adhesive agent, such as one of those mentioned above. It prevents the graphite sheet from reacting on the adjacent glass plate 24,.
  • the first group (9,) is pushed between baseplate 13 and die 14 of pressing post 10 with the help of control rod 12.
  • the means for electrical heating are activated to control the operation of a thermal cycle in the oven so as to cause the ambient temperature of the glass plates to reach a temperature of approximately 750° C, with perhaps an intermediate level of 450° C.
  • jack 20 is activated so as to develop several tons of pressure on the group, for approximately several tens of seconds.
  • the jack is then released, which allows group 9, to leave the pressing post 10 and also allows the introduction of group 9 2 , by pushing these groups with the help of rod 12.
  • the pressing operations described above are repeated on this group and on the next one (9 3 ).
  • the geometry and thus the optical characteristics of the microlenses formed in this way are perfectly consistent on the entire surface of the networks because the device's characteristics according to the invention ensure isostatic pressing of the glass plates.
  • this isostatic pressing is obtained by the presence of graphite sheet 13 for the reasons mentioned above, and, on the other hand, by the joint assembly of die 14 on its support 15.
  • These two devices ensure a uniform distribution of the pressure developed by jack 20, in the entire volume of the pressed group
  • the weak thickness of the molding sheets gives them a weak inertia, which does not disturb the transmission of a given pressure field across these sheets.
  • Nicrimphy's excellent mechanical characteristics when hot ensures local nonmalleability of the pits and their relative positioning.
  • baseplate 13 raises group 9j above its support rails 8 so that these rails are insulated from the conditions developed by jack 20.
  • FIG. 3 the stacking includes four plates 24 f and two molding sheets 25', and 25' 2 . Each of these sheets is engraved on its two sides with a network of pits. Molds 25', and 25' 2 are placed between plates 24, and 24 2 and plates 24 3 and 24 4 , respectively. Inserted sheet 27 separates plates 24 2 and 24 3 and another inserted sheet is joined to each of the two extremity sides of the enclosed group, as shown in Figure
  • the group includes four glass plates 24, and five molds 25, to 25 5 ; each is engraved on only one side.
  • Plate 24, is enclosed between two molds 25, and 25 2 that form, after pressing, a network of convex lenses on each of the two sides of plate 24,.
  • the other plates 24 2 to 24 4 have only one network of microlenses, like that of the group shown in Figures 2 and 3.
  • this marking could be established during micromilling by small balls (not represented) placed between the two networks of pits. Centering is obtained by placing each ball in two pits facing each other, which are thus perfectly centered on each other. It now seems that the invention allows ensuring the production of networks of microlenses in large volume, by the simultaneous pressing of several networks. The manufacturing costs remain low because the molds used can be manufactured by photolithography, a mass manufacturing process that has now been perfectly mastered. Pressing in an uncontrolled atmosphere is possible given the excellent resistance to oxidation, up to 850° C, of the material used to make the molds, for example Nicrimphy
  • Isostatic pressing in accordance with the invention ensures the production of networks of microlenses having uniform optical characteristics on their entire surface.
  • This pressing preferably takes place at a strong glass viscosity in order to guarantee the respect of dimensional tolerance, that is to say a viscosity of approximately 10 10 poise, for 1-2 min, with a pressure of 20 to 50 bar, depending on the desired type of microlenses.
  • the thermal cycle undergone by the glass in space 3 ensures tempering of the glass, which guarantees hammering by homogenous compaction during the cooling of this glass.
  • the cooling ramp can be advantageously slow and be controlled to ensure a dimensional reproducibility of the microlenses greater than ⁇ 5 ⁇ m per 100 mm. A controlled modification of this cooling ramp allows fine dimensional adjusting, without deterioration of either the optical characteristics of the lenses or the surface state of the network.
  • FIG. 7 we have schematically represented an embodiment of the device according to the invention, equipped with transfer means that ensure an automatic and continuous passage of groups 9, into this device.
  • This device includes tunnel 32 crossed by conveyor 33 of groups % for example, with a gas cushion.
  • This conveyor receives preformed groups 9, from charging terminal 34. The groups move on the conveyor until pressing post 10 and are removed into draining terminal 35.
  • Heating means 2 j which are distributed along the length of the tunnel, establish the thermal cycle mentioned earlier.
  • Means for handling flat products may ensure the automatic production of groups and the automatic extraction of networks of microlenses outside of the groups coming from the device according to the invention.
  • the invention is not limited to the described and represented embodiment, which was given only as an illustrative example. It is thus that the invention can find applications for manufacturing networks of microlenses by focusing acoustic rather than optical waves, in particular ultrasound waves.
  • the invention also extends to the pressing of networks of microlenses with contact between the bottom of the pits of the molds and plates made of malleable material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif comprenant un boîtier (1), un moyen (2) permettant de chauffer le boîtier et un moyen (8) servant de support, dans le boîtier, à au moins un groupe (9i) de plaques (24i) en matériau malléable, sous pression à la température établie dans le boîtier (1). En outre, le groupe (9i) contient des moules (25i, 25'1, 25'2) généralement plats et chaque moule comporte au moins une surface picotée non malléable, sous pression à ladite température. Les moules (25i, 25'1, 25'2) sont insérés entre les plaques (24i). Des moyens (13, 15, 19, 20, 21) permettent d'appliquer perpendiculairement à la surface des plaques (24i) une pression à peu près uniforme sur l'ensemble du groupe (9i). Cette pression est destinée à produire des surfaces convexes de lentilles flexibles sur les côtés des plaques (24i) qui sont opposés aux surfaces picotées des moules (25i, 25'1, 25'2).
PCT/US1997/000952 1996-01-31 1997-02-26 Procede et dispositif de fabrication de reseaux de lentilles flexibles WO1998038137A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9601139A FR2744113B1 (fr) 1996-01-31 1996-01-31 Procede et dispositif de fabrication de reseaux de microlentilles
AU27214/97A AU723655B2 (en) 1997-02-26 1997-02-26 Process and device for manufacturing networks of microlenses
EP97921073A EP0963353A1 (fr) 1996-01-31 1997-02-26 Procede et dispositif de fabrication de reseaux de lentilles flexibles
PCT/US1997/000952 WO1998038137A1 (fr) 1996-01-31 1997-02-26 Procede et dispositif de fabrication de reseaux de lentilles flexibles
US09/367,711 US6347536B1 (en) 1997-02-26 1997-02-26 Process and device for manufacturing networks of microlenses
KR10-1999-7007722A KR100461558B1 (ko) 1997-02-26 1997-02-26 마이크로렌즈 네트워크 제조방법 및 장치
JP53758998A JP2001513068A (ja) 1997-02-26 1997-02-26 網状構造のマイクロレンズを製造する方法および装置

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9601139A FR2744113B1 (fr) 1996-01-31 1996-01-31 Procede et dispositif de fabrication de reseaux de microlentilles
PCT/US1997/000952 WO1998038137A1 (fr) 1996-01-31 1997-02-26 Procede et dispositif de fabrication de reseaux de lentilles flexibles

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998038137A1 true WO1998038137A1 (fr) 1998-09-03

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1997/000952 WO1998038137A1 (fr) 1996-01-31 1997-02-26 Procede et dispositif de fabrication de reseaux de lentilles flexibles

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0963353A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2744113B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998038137A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003043801A1 (fr) * 2001-11-23 2003-05-30 Glud & Marstrand A/S Procede de traitement d'une structure tridimensionnelle pour en faire un substrat
RU2636607C1 (ru) * 2016-09-12 2017-11-24 Акционерное общество "Обнинское научно-производственное предприятие "Технология" им. А.Г. Ромашина" Установка моллирования стеклянных полусфер

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6676648B2 (en) * 1998-11-04 2004-01-13 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Absorbent garment having asymmetric longitudinal absorbent pad

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE115810C (fr) *
JPH01133951A (ja) * 1987-11-20 1989-05-26 Olympus Optical Co Ltd 光学素子の成形方法
JPH01176240A (ja) * 1987-12-29 1989-07-12 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 光学素子成形型
JPH04175228A (ja) * 1990-11-05 1992-06-23 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 光学素子の製造方法
GB2264890A (en) * 1991-12-11 1993-09-15 British Telecomm Moulding of lenses and lenticular sheets
JPH06279038A (ja) * 1993-03-30 1994-10-04 Seiko Epson Corp ガラス成形用金型
US5380349A (en) * 1988-12-07 1995-01-10 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Mold having a diamond layer, for molding optical elements
EP0691551A1 (fr) * 1994-07-07 1996-01-10 Corning Incorporated Procédé et dispositif de fabrication de réseaux de microlentilles optiques
FR2731647A1 (fr) * 1995-03-15 1996-09-20 Corning Inc Procede de fabrication d'un moule constitue d'un reseau d'alveoles pour la fabrication de reseaux de microlentilles optiques

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE115810C (fr) *
JPH01133951A (ja) * 1987-11-20 1989-05-26 Olympus Optical Co Ltd 光学素子の成形方法
JPH01176240A (ja) * 1987-12-29 1989-07-12 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 光学素子成形型
US5380349A (en) * 1988-12-07 1995-01-10 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Mold having a diamond layer, for molding optical elements
JPH04175228A (ja) * 1990-11-05 1992-06-23 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 光学素子の製造方法
GB2264890A (en) * 1991-12-11 1993-09-15 British Telecomm Moulding of lenses and lenticular sheets
JPH06279038A (ja) * 1993-03-30 1994-10-04 Seiko Epson Corp ガラス成形用金型
EP0691551A1 (fr) * 1994-07-07 1996-01-10 Corning Incorporated Procédé et dispositif de fabrication de réseaux de microlentilles optiques
FR2731647A1 (fr) * 1995-03-15 1996-09-20 Corning Inc Procede de fabrication d'un moule constitue d'un reseau d'alveoles pour la fabrication de reseaux de microlentilles optiques

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 013, no. 384 (C - 629) 24 August 1989 (1989-08-24) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 013, no. 457 (C - 644) 16 October 1989 (1989-10-16) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 016, no. 479 (C - 0992) 6 October 1992 (1992-10-06) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 095, no. 001 28 February 1995 (1995-02-28) *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003043801A1 (fr) * 2001-11-23 2003-05-30 Glud & Marstrand A/S Procede de traitement d'une structure tridimensionnelle pour en faire un substrat
CN100417512C (zh) * 2001-11-23 2008-09-10 格鲁得和马斯特朗得有限公司 在基体中加工三维结构的装置
RU2636607C1 (ru) * 2016-09-12 2017-11-24 Акционерное общество "Обнинское научно-производственное предприятие "Технология" им. А.Г. Ромашина" Установка моллирования стеклянных полусфер

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Publication number Publication date
EP0963353A1 (fr) 1999-12-15
FR2744113A1 (fr) 1997-08-01
FR2744113B1 (fr) 1998-04-24

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