Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
  • G01M17/007—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
  • G01M17/02—Tyres
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
  • G01M17/007—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
  • G01M17/02—Tyres
  • G01M17/022—Tyres the tyre co-operating with rotatable rolls
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C25/00—Apparatus or tools adapted for mounting, removing or inspecting tyres
  • B60C25/01—Apparatus or tools adapted for mounting, removing or inspecting tyres for removing tyres from or mounting tyres on wheels
  • B60C25/05—Machines
  • B60C25/132—Machines for removing and mounting tyres

Definitions

• the present invention relates to loadwheel assemblies for sensing forces. More particularly, the invention relates to an improved loadwheel assembly for measuring forces exerted by a tire being tested by a tire uniformity testing machine.
• Tire testing systems for determining the presence of irregularities or non-uniformities in tires are known in the art.
• Conventional systems typically move a tire to a testing station where it is engaged by some form of chuck assembly and inflated to its normal pressure.
• the tire is rotated at its normal speed and contacted by a loadwheel which is free to rotate about an axis parallel to the rotational axis of the tire.
• the loadwheel has spindles at its opposite ends provided with load cells which measure forces acting on the loadwheel in directions of interest. Precise measurement of the forces exerted by the tire permits accurate adjustment of the uniformity of the tire after the force measuring procedure, for example, by grinding devices which remove excess tire material to correct any irregularities that may have arisen during the manufacturing process.
• the load cells have a limited useful life, they must at times be replaced to ensure proper operation of the machine.
• the limited access to load cells in prior art machines poses an obstacle to replacement should access from the one side of the machine frame be difficult or unavailable, for example, due to intervening structure of the testing system or the environment in which the machine is located. Accordingly, there is a need in the art for an improved loadwheel assembly that allows easy replacement of the load cells despite the specific layout of the machine.
• loadwheels comprise a cylindrical wall (the outer surface of which contacts the rotating tire) and a hub connected to the wall by a plurality of plates or spoke-like ribs.
• one commonly used loadwheel includes twelve ribs extending between the outer wall and the hub.
• Such construction has sometimes resulted in inaccurate measurement of the force exerted on the loadwheel by the tire.
• a loadwheel having a plurality of ribs may experience harmonic related problems during use.
• prior art loadwheels like those discussed above typically are formed by an expensive casting process, e.g. magnesium casting, which increases the cost of the testing machine.
• the invention provides a loadwheel assembly for use in tire testing machines that determine whether the roundness, mechanical uniformity, etc., of the tire are acceptable.
• the loadwheel is rotatably mounted on a carriage which is movable toward and away from the tire being tested.
• the rotating tire contacts the outer surface of the loadwheel and rotates the loadwheel about spindles extending from opposite ends 'thereof.
• the spindles are provided with load cells which effectively measure forces exerted on the loadwheel by the tire. In this manner, irregularities in the tire are sensed by the load cells which generate electrical signals used to measure the size, location, etc., of the irregularities.
• the machine preferably is equipped with suitable devices, e.g. grinders, for removing excess tire material to adjust the uniformity of the tire.
• the loadwheel spindles are fixed to the movable carriage such that the load cells are easily accessible from one side of the carriage.
• the carriage has a guide piece attached to a mounting plate fixed to the bottom of the carriage, the guide piece slidably engaging a complementarily shaped member secured to the machine frame to allow the carriage and loadwheel to move toward the tire under test.
• the top of the carriage also is provided with a mounting plate to which the guide piece may be attached.
• the invention also provides an improved loadwheel construction which produces accurate, consistent force measurements.
• the loadwheel is constructed such that the outer wall engaging the tire is supported over its entire periphery by conical plates. This provides a strong, lightweight construction and results in consistent measurement of forces and generation of electrical signals corresponding to the forces, which in turn allows more precise determinations of tire uniformity.
• the loadwheel preferably is formed as an aluminum weldment in order to reduce manufacturing cost, as compared with prior art loadwheels which typically are formed by an expensive casting process (e.g. a magnesium casting) .
• the loadwheel assembly includes a drive mechanism comprising a motor and gearbox whose output is directly connected to and rotates a threaded sleeve.
• a ball screw is received in the sleeve and has an end attached to the loadwheel carriage. Upon actuation of the motor, the sleeve rotates to drive the ball screw and carriage in a linear direction.
• This assembly includes fewer components than prior art drive mechanisms and thus is less susceptible to mechanical failure.
• Figure 1 is a plan view of a tire testing system including a tire testing station and loadwheel assembly constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
• Figure 2 is a fragmentary front elevational view of the tire testing system shown in Figure 1;
• Figure 3 is a side elevational view of the tire testing station and loadwheel assembly shown in Figures 1 and 2 , the loadwheel carriage being shown in a retracted position away from the tire;
• Figure 3A is an enlarged view of the drive mechanism forming part of the loadwheel assembly shown in Figure 3 ;
• Figure 4 is a perspective view of a frame forming part of the tire testing station shown in Figure 3 ;
• Figure 5 is a side elevational view of the loadwheel assembly forming part of the tire testing station shown in Figure 3 , the loadwheel carriage being shown in an extended position engaging the tire;
• Figure 6 is an end elevational view of the loadwheel assembly taken along the direction of arrows 6-6 in Figure 5;
• Figure 7 is a plan view of the loadwheel assembly of Figure 5 with portions removed for clarity;
• Figure 8 is a plan view of a loadwheel constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 9 is a sectional view of the loadwheel taken along the direction of arrows 9-9 in Figure 8.
• Figure 1 illustrates (in plan view) the overall arrangement of a tire testing system including a loadwheel assembly constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
• the overall tire testing system is more fully described in co-pending application
• the loadwheel assembly of the invention is not limited in use to a tire testing machine as disclosed herein. That is, the loadwheel assembly may be used in tire testing machines other than the type specifically disclosed herein and, in addition, may find application in measuring forces exerted by rotating (or non-rotating) loads other than tires being subjected to a uniformity testing procedure. With this in mind, the loadwheel assembly disclosed herein should not be construed as necessarily being limited to any particular environment.
• the overall tire testing system comprises the following subsystems: an inlet conveyor 10, a testing station 12, an exit module 14, and an optional marking station 14a and tire sorting mechanism 14b.
• a tire positioned at the testing station 12 is tested and optionally ground to adjust the roundness, mechanical uniformity and/or any other physical properties of the tire.
• a tire indicated by reference character 20 (shown in phantom) is delivered to the testing station by the inlet conveyor 10 so that the tire is clamped between lower and upper rims 24, 26 of an automatic, adjustable width chuck apparatus ( Figures 2 and 3).
• the rims 24, 26 form, respectively, part of a spindle assembly 410 and a movable chuck assembly 310 which comprise the chuck apparatus.
• the chuck assembly 310 includes conical recess 342 which receives tapered nose 442 of spindle assembly 410.
• the automatic, adjustable width chuck apparatus of the tire testing system is more fully described in co-pending application Serial No. , filed on and entitled AUTOMATIC ADJUSTABLE WIDTH CHUCK APPARATUS FOR TIRE TESTING SYSTEMS (Attorney Docket No. 13-868), the subject matter of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
• the tire is clamped between the rims 24, 26 and inflated via the chuck apparatus.
• the loadwheel assembly of the present invention is moved into abutting relationship with the outer surface of the tire 20.
• the loadwheel assembly discussed in detail below, is indicated generally by the reference character 500 and includes loadwheel 510.
• the tire is rotated against the loadwheel 510 which monitors the load exerted by the tire via load cells 530, 540 (as seen in Figure 3) .
• the data taken from the load cells is used to determine the uniformity of the tire.
• adjustments to the uniformity of the tire are made by one or more grinders, indicated generally by the reference characters 50, 52.
• a probe system, indicated generally by the reference character 56 may form part of the testing station and in the illustrated embodiment (as seen best in Figure 3) includes upper and lower side wall sensor assemblies 54a, 54b, upper and lower shoulder sensors (not shown) and a center tread sensor 58.
• the probe system is more fully disclosed in co-pending application Serial No. , filed on and entitled TIRE UNIFORMITY TESTING
• the chuck apparatus including spindle assembly 410 and chuck assembly 310, loadwheel assembly 500 including loadwheel 510, tire grinders 50, 52, and probe system 56 are mounted to a gantry-like frame system indicated generally by the reference character 60 ( Figures 3 and 4) .
• the frame includes a base 62 , and a cross beam 64 supported a predetermined distance above the base by pairs of columns 66a, 66b and 68a, 68b.
• the base 62 comprises a pair of horizontal I-beams preferably welded together to form a unitary member.
• one end of the base 62 is configured as a "Y" (as viewed in plan) and includes end sections 70a, 70b, whereas an opposite end of the base 62 is configured as a "T” and includes cross beam 72.
• the frame 60 is described more fully in the aforementioned co-pending application relating to the overall tire testing system.
• the inlet conveyor 10 ( Figures 1 and 2) conveys tires to be tested from a centering station indicated generally by the reference character 100 to the testing station 12. In operation, a tire to be tested is delivered to the entrance of the centering station 100 by a belt or roller conveyor (not shown) .
• Figure 1 illustrates a tire, indicated in phantom by the reference character 102, about to be delivered to the inlet conveyor.
• the inlet conveyor includes a feed or kick roll 108 which moves the delivered tire onto the inlet conveyor mechanism.
• a tire is delivered to the centering station 100 by the kick roll 108 and then is centered with respect to an axis indicated by the reference character 154.
• the centering axis 154 is located a fixed distance from a test station axis 156 ( Figures 1 and 2) which, in the preferred embodiment, corresponds to the rotational axis of the spindle assembly 410. Accordingly, after a tire is centered at the centering station 100 it is delivered so as to be in alignment with the spindle assembly. With this arrangement, the distance which the tire is moved from the centering station to the test station is the same for all tires regardless of their diameter.
• the inlet conveyor Prior to receiving a tire at the centering station, the conveyor unit is lowered by the actuator
• a tire is driven onto a conveyor by the inlet kick roll 108.
• the centering arm actuator (not shown) is actuated to drive centering arms 170, 172 toward the tire until the rollers 176, 176a engage the tire periphery. If a lubricator is present, one of the rollers 176a is rotated in order to rotate the tire at the centering station thereby enabling the lubricator to apply a lubricant to the tire 20.
• the conveyor unit is raised by actuator 142 thereby picking up the tire and, in effect, raising it above the support conveyor.
• Each roller 176, 176a is mounted such that it can be moved vertically a predetermined distance in order to accommodate relative movement between the tire and the centering arms 170, 172 as the conveyor assembly engages and lifts the tire.
• the centering arms are then moved outwardly to their retracted positions, and the tire to be tested is supported by the conveyor unit and centered with respect to the axis 154; the tire also is located a predetermined distance from the axis 156 of the spindle assembly 410.
• the conveyor then is actuated to advance the tire a predetermined distance which positions the tire coincident with the axis 156 of the spindle 410.
• the actuator 142 then is activated to lower the conveyor unit which, in effect, lowers the tire onto the spindle.
• loadwheel assembly 500 can be characterized as comprising three main components, namely, loadwheel 510, C-shaped carriage 550, and drive mechanism 600.
• the loadwheel 510 includes a cylindrical outer wall 512 the exterior surface of which contacts the rotating tire held by the chuck assembly, as is known in the art.
• outer wall 512 of loadwheel 510 is connected to a hub 514 defining a hollow bore 520, as best seen in Figure 8 (which does not show the loadwheel spindles) .
• Hub 514 is joined to outer wall 512 by a plurality of solid, annular discs 516, 518.
• discs 516 are disposed between the hub 514 and outer wall 512 near the opposite ends thereof closing off the hollow interior of the loadwheel, while disc 518 is disposed between the central portions of hub 514 and wall 512.
• the discs 516, 518 support the outer wall 512 around the entire periphery thereof.
• This construction results in consistent, precise measurement of the forces exerted by the rotating tire against wall 512 due to there being no areas of the wall unsupported, as the discs engage the entire interior thereof.
• Prior art loadwheels include spokes or ribs extending between the hub and outer wall so as to support the wall at spaced locations, resulting in areas between these locations being more susceptible to deflection under load of the tire. Consequently, as the rotating tire contacts the prior art loadwheel, the forces transferred from the outer wall to the spindles (equipped with the load cells) may vary over the circumference of the wheel, which may generate electrical signals not truly representative of the location or magnitude of irregularities in the tire.
• the loadwheel of the invention accurately senses the forces exerted by the tire so as to precisely detect any irregularities therein. Additionally, unlike the prior art, the loadwheel of the invention does not suffer from harmonic related problems caused by the spoked construction of some prior art loadwheels. While in a preferred embodiment discs 516, 518 engage the wall 512 around the entire periphery thereof, it will be recognized that the inventive concept involves supporting the wall at substantially its entire periphery. Further, it should be appreciated that the number and exact positioning of discs which support the outer wall of the loadwheel may be varied without departing from the teachings of the invention. For example, the center disc 518 may be omitted as long as the remaining disc or discs sufficiently supports the wall of the loadwheel during testing so that the load cells generate accurate signals corresponding to irregularities in the tire.
• outer discs 516 preferably are conically-shaped members which diverge from each other in a direction extending from hub 514 toward outer wall 512.
• the loadwheel 510 preferably is formed as a weldment, i.e., a welded assembly comprising the hub, outer wall, and discs.
• the loadwheel is an aluminum weldment. Forming the loadwheel as a weldment rather than a casting (as in the prior art) reduces manufacturing cost while providing a structurally rigid component.
• materials other than aluminum may be used to form the loadwheel 510.
• the loadwheel need not necessarily be formed as a welded assembly, although that is preferred for reasons of reduced cost.
• An advantage of the invention is that conventional testing machines may be retrofitted to include the improved loadwheel.
• C-shaped carriage 550 is shown to include an upper horizontal leg 552, a lower horizontal leg 554, and a vertical connecting leg 556 extending therebetween.
• the end portions 553, 555 of carriage legs 552, 554 are formed to include stepped or recessed areas ( Figure 7) attached to (or alternatively formed integrally with) mounting pads 558, 560.
• Pads 558, 560 mount the spindles 522, 524 of loadwheel 510 and the load cells 530, 540.
• the manner in which the spindles and load cells are affixed to the carriage legs is known in the art and thus will not be discussed in detail herein.
• the ends of hub 514 are provided with threaded holes for securing end plates having bearings via which the loadwheel 510 rotates about the spindles, as is conventional.
• load cells 530, 540 are accessible only from the side of each carriage leg provided with the mounting pad (i.e., the side indicated by arrow L) .
• the invention permits the carriage 550 to be mounted to the machine frame 60 ( Figure 4) in two different positions so that the mounting pads of the carriage legs can face either side of the machine, thereby overcoming load cell accessibility problems present in prior art machines.
• outer surfaces 562, 564 of upper and lower carriage legs 552, 554 are provided with mounting plates 566, 568.
• Each mounting plate may be detachably secured to a guide piece 580 configured to slidably mate with a support 590.
• the support 590 is fixed to beam 72 of machine frame 60 by any suitable fastening means 592, such as screws, bolts, a welded connection, etc.
• guide piece 580 is attached to either mounting plate 566 or 568 via any suitable connection which permits detachment of the guide piece 580, such as threaded connectors which may easily be disconnected to allow guide piece 580 to be attached to the other mounting plate.
• the guide piece 580 and support 590 cooperate to facilitate sliding of the carriage 550 toward and away from the tire.
• the guide piece 580 and support 590 are formed with mating dovetail portions which lock the respective components in position while permitting the carriage 550 and loadwheel 510 to slide relative to the tire held by the chuck assembly. While a dovetail connection between the guide piece 580 and support 590 is the preferred means of slidably connecting the components, it should be appreciated that alternative connections may be used to secure the carriage in position while allowing movement of same toward or away from the tire.
• the carriage 550 is mounted such that the load cells 530, 540 are accessible from the left side of the carriage (when viewing the carriage head on as in Figure 6) .
• the load cells for maintenance or replacement purposes, one must approach the carriage from the left side of the machine (in the direction of arrow L) .
• prior art loadwheel assemblies are inadequate in that the carriage was securable to the frame in only one position. This caused considerable difficulty when it became time to replace the load cells, for example, by requiring removal of one or more system components to allow unimpeded access to the load cells.
• carriage 550 is provided with means for permitting its mounting in alternate positions.
• the carriage In order to mount the carriage such that the load cells 530, 540 are accessible from the side opposite that shown in Figure 6, the carriage is disconnected from drive mechanism 600 and removed from the machine frame by sliding guide piece 580 off support 590.
• the guide piece 580 then is detached from mounting plate 568 and attached to mounting plate 566.
• the entire carriage 550 is rotated 180° along an axis perpendicular to the arrow L (i.e., along an axis passing into the plane of figure 6).
• the guide piece 580 then is slid onto support 590 and attached to drive mechanism 600.
• the resulting arrangement has load cells 530, 540 located on the opposite side of the machine from that shown in Figure 6, with loadwheel 510 remaining in the same position. Accordingly, the invention permits the carriage 550 to be selectively mounted such that the load cells are accessible from either side of the machine frame. This feature constitutes a considerable improvement over prior art assemblies which limited access to the load cells to only one side of the carriage and frame.
• FIGs 3 and 3A show the carriage 550 in a retracted position relative to frame 60 in which the loadwheel 510 does not engage tire 20.
• mechanism 600 comprises motor 610 having an output shaft 612 connected to a gearbox 620 provided with one or more gears 622 which step down the rotational output of motor 610.
• the gear 622 is fixed to a female member 630 preferably in the form of a threaded sleeve which is free to rotate within suitable bearings or bushings 630, 632, but whose position is otherwise fixed.
• a threaded male member 640 preferably in the form of a ball screw is received within sleeve 630 and is driven laterally (i.e., to the left and right in Figure 3A) upon rotation of screw 630.
• One end 642 of screw 640 is attached to the outer surface 570 of carriage leg 556 via a clamping assembly 660; thus, movement of screw 640 results in movement of carriage 550 and loadwheel 510 carried thereby.
• Figure 5 shows (in somewhat exaggerated fashion) the carriage displaced from the frame columns such that the loadwheel engages the tire.
• a housing 644 preferably is attached to gearbox 620 and encloses the opposite end of ball screw 640 as well as a corresponding end of threaded sleeve 630.
• a box frame 650 preferably is fixed to frame column 68b by a flange or bracket portion 652 to enclose the end 642 of screw 640 and adjacent structure.
• the motor 610 and gearbox 620 are integrated with and directly engage and rotate threaded sleeve 630 to drive screw 640 and carriage 550 toward and away from tire 20.
• the drive mechanism 600 provides a simplified structure as compared with prior art machines which typically include a motion transmitting device, e.g. a chain and sprocket assembly, disposed between the motor and the carriage. As such, the mechanism of the invention is less susceptible to breakdown than that of the prior art and, in addition, requires less maintenance due to the reduced number of components.
• the invention also may be equipped with means for detecting and monitoring the distance the carriage 550 is displaced from machine frame 60.
• a sensor 670 is fixed to frame 60 and includes a string 672 one end of which is attached to carriage 550 as indicated at 674.
• Sensor 670 thus monitors the position of carriage 550 and loadwheel 510 carried thereon and generates an electrical signal that is fed to a suitable system control such as a microprocessor (not shown) which controls movement of the loadwheel to its proper position.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Tires In General (AREA)
• Testing Of Balance (AREA)

Priority Applications (6)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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• 1997
  • 1997-12-10 US US08/988,509 patent/US5979231A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1998
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  • 1998-01-22 AU AU60388/98A patent/AU720694B2/en not_active Ceased
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• 1999
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• 2011
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