WO1997021521A1 - Improvements to sanding disks - Google Patents
Improvements to sanding disks Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997021521A1 WO1997021521A1 PCT/US1996/019191 US9619191W WO9721521A1 WO 1997021521 A1 WO1997021521 A1 WO 1997021521A1 US 9619191 W US9619191 W US 9619191W WO 9721521 A1 WO9721521 A1 WO 9721521A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- disk
- abrasive
- apertures
- sanding
- backing plate
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 33
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 34
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 30
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 17
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012858 resilient material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004821 Contact adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002688 persistence Effects 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010016275 Fear Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101100153525 Homo sapiens TNFRSF25 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000237503 Pectinidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100022203 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 25 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003484 anatomy Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004424 carbon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010425 computer drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036461 convulsion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002173 cutting fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001525 retina Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000020637 scallop Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D7/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor
- B24D7/10—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor with cooling provisions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D9/00—Wheels or drums supporting in exchangeable arrangement a layer of flexible abrasive material, e.g. sandpaper
- B24D9/08—Circular back-plates for carrying flexible material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D7/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor
- B24D7/12—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor with apertures for inspecting the surface to be abraded
Definitions
- This invention relates to the field of abrasive or sanding disks, and in particular this invention relates to sanding disks and accessories for angle grinders and means for making them.
- Abrasive disks, or sanding disks are widely used on portable electric drills and (at a more professional level) on hand-held angle grinders. When used on these machines the disk is held by its centre against a backing pad and is rotated at generally a high speed while pressed in front of a backing plate against the work. The abrasive surface wears down the surface ofthe work by, in effect, a cutting action.
- Angle-grinder mounted sanding disks are commonly used (for example) in automotive panel beating, where body filler is to be sanded back to conform to the original contours of a remodelled car part. It is said that millions of sanding disks suitable for use with angle grinders are sold each year. There are some problems related to the use of sanding disks, such as:
- aperture means a channel or hole passing completely through an object, and is surrounded on all sides by the material ofthe object. It is not limited to apertures having a circular profile.
- Doubled means that a disk has been formed into a convex shape (like a saucer) and for this invention the abrasive would usually be found on the base, or convex side, of the saucer.
- “Disk” refers to a flat piece of relatively rigid material (though having some resilience) which is adapted for mounting on a rotatable spindle or arbor. It is not limited here to purely circular shapes. It includes materials adapted for use with an angle grinder in conjunction with a backing plate. "Gap” means an indentation or invagination which is incompletely surrounded by the material of the object. It would include therefore configurations in which the circular periphery of a disk has had a segment, (defined below), removed or the configuration obtained by (notionally) moving an "aperture” until a portion extended beyond the periphery ofthe disk. "Sanding” is used herein to refer to any abrading or finishing operation in which the surface of a workpiece is treated to remove material or alter the roughness.
- Segment means that portion of a circle which lies between the perimeter and a chord.
- the invention comprises a sanding system for use with an angle grinder or the like, comprising a disk bearing at least one abrasive surface, the disk being adapted for mounting upon an arbor of the angle grinder in conjunction with a matching backing plate, characterized in that the sanding disk is modified by being provided with at least one non-concentric aperture adapted for viewing and ventilation which aperture is capable in use of being substantially in alignment with at least one similarly adapted viewing and ventilation gap or aperture constructed within the backing plate, so that in use the work surface and the sanding disk are cooler as a result of air movement, abraded material is moved tangentially away, and the user can see the work through the at least one non-concentric apertures.
- non-concentric as applied to apertures in this Application means that the aperture is displaced from the axis of rotation along a radius of the disk.
- a preferred number of non-concentric apertures adapted for viewing and ventilation is between one and nine.
- a more preferred number of non-concentric apertures is between three and five.
- the non-concentric apertures adapted for viewing and ventilation are placed at varying distances from the centre of rotation ofthe sanding disk, so that when the disk is rotated, a substantial proportion of the area beneath the disk can be seen.
- Rotation of the disk defines leading and trailing edges of the apertures and it is a feature of this invention that the trailing edge of each aperture is displaced out of the plane of the abrading surface ofthe disk and towards the back ofthe disk. This has the effect of minimizing the risk that protrusions from the surface being abraded will catch on the edge of the disk and cause rupture ofthe disk.
- the shaping comprises raking at least the leading side, and optionally also the trailing side of the or each non-concentric aperture adapted for viewing and ventilation, thereby providing at least one slanting side to the or each aperture.
- the invention also comprises a sanding disk as described previously, in which at least one edge ofthe or each non-concentric aperture adapted for viewing and ventilation is formed in order to serve as a cutting edge.
- the viewing or ventilation apertures may also be regarded as means to intermittently interrupt the abrading action of the disk as it turns, thereby providing a "rest time" during which time the work surface may become cooler.
- the sanding disk as described previously may be provided with one or more apertures primarily intended for alignment with alignment features upon the backing disk, so that the sanding disk can on installation be aligned so that apertures within the sanding disk are matched with apertures within the backing disk.
- the one or more alignment apertures may also serve as engagement means to mate with drive pins extending from the backing disk.
- one or more apertures are provided in the sanding disk in positions capable of matching air extraction apertures within a backing disk.
- the perimeter ofthe sanding disk may be distorted from a circular shape by the provision of one or more gaps, most preferably in the form of segments, around from the circumference of the disk. Where a plurality of such gaps are provided it is preferred that they be symmetrically located to maintain balance in the disk. Preferably there are from three to eight gaps.
- the number of gaps matches the number of non-concentric apertures adapted for viewing and ventilation, and are located on radii between those on which the apertures are located.
- each gap has the shape of a straight line joining one part of the circumference to another. Otherwise expressed, the gap is formed by removal of a segment of the disk.
- the dimensions of the or each gap are adjusted so that when the sanding disk is rotated, it is possible to see through the disk in the zone outside that ofthe viewing/ventilation apertures, and as far as the edge.
- this type of gap may be used advantageously in the procedure of cutting sanding disks from stock material, by bringing disk centres closer to each other and having common edges between adjacent disks, so as to minimise waste.
- gaps may have a curved outline.
- a preferred curved outline is one that is drawn in towards the trailing edge of a viewing/ventilation aperture, thereby providing a narrowed or weakened zone capable of being torn should a projection engage with the viewing/ventilation aperture.
- the surface of the abrasive disk can have a number of configurations.
- the surface is provided by a coating of abrasive particles adhered to the surface of the disk by a binder material selected from cured resinous binders or metallic bonds.
- the surface of the disk comprises a non ⁇ woven layer of fibers having bonded to the fibers a plurality of abrasive particles. Such non-woven layers are conventionally bonded to a backing material imparting a higher degree of dimensional stability to the whole disk structure.
- the sanding disk may be provided with one or more peripheral folds - or "wing tips" - that are directed away from the abrasive surface, so that when the disk is rotated air is caused to move thereby further cooling the work area and directing the abraded material away.
- a skirt may be provided around the guard of the angle grinder so as to confine the air brought into motion by the wing tips.
- the sanding disk is also provided with one or more shearing sites, "tear zones" or deliberately provided points of weakness capable of disconnecting the disk from the drive means of the backing plate if the disk inadvertently engages with an object and attempts to transmit a high torque to the backing plate and to the angle grinder.
- a preferred shearing site comprises a weakened zone concentric with the mounting means or aperture.
- this weakened zone is formed from a series of apertures cut into or through the material ofthe sanding disk.
- this weakened zone is formed from a series of slits cut into or through the material of the sanding disk.
- a disk retaining nut tightened onto the arbor of the angle grinder is capable of retaining the torn-off sanding disk; preferably by means of a concentric, outwards- directed projection or the like provided towards the periphery of the disk retaining nut; the projection having a diameter large enough to include the weakened zone.
- the sanding disk should preferably remain substantially dynamically balanced about its axis of revolution.
- the disk are used with a backing plate made of a resilient material, and preferably the material of the backing plate has a dark colour.
- the backing plate includes at least one gap or aperture, positioned so as to be capable of alignment with the one or more non-concentric apertures adapted for viewing and ventilation provided within the sanding disk.
- each gap or aperture in the backing disk is similarly provided with slanted or raked surfaces, and optionally each aperture may be provided with an air scoop.
- the backing plate may be provided with further apertures substantially not capable of alignment with the non- concentric apertures adapted for viewing and ventilation in the sanding disk and one or more of the further apertures may be used for alignment purposes.
- One or more of the further apertures may be used for purpose of driving the sanding disk, by means of engagement means held within said further apertures.
- One or more of the further apertures may be used for air and material removal purposes; being connected to air extraction channels within the backing plate.
- extraction channels mn outward from the removal aperture towards the periphery ofthe backing plate, so that in use air is moved through the channel by a centripetal force.
- apertures in the backing plate may be provided in order to give the backing plate a weakened zone that may be ruptured if a protruding object is caught in a viewing/ventilation aperture.
- the resilience ofthe combination of sanding disk and backing plate is sufficient to provide a significant flexibility of the actively abrading disk during use, so that more than just the edge ofthe disk can be in effective contact with a work surface.
- the backing plate itself is provided with clutch means capable of becoming disengaged from the drive shaft if the torque applied through the clutch means exceeds a pre-set limit - as for example if the backing plate inadvertently grips an object.
- clutch means capable of becoming disengaged from the drive shaft if the torque applied through the clutch means exceeds a pre-set limit - as for example if the backing plate inadvertently grips an object.
- Another preferred embodiment of a clutch means is an overload clutch built into the material ofthe backing plate. This may comprise a shear pin.
- Yet another preferred embodiment of a clutch means comprises a modification by lengthening of the shaft of a retaining nut and a modification by provision of a shaft for a thrust washer so that tightening the retaining nut against the thrust washer (when mounting a sanding disk and a backing disk forms an overload clutch acting in a manner analogous to a shear pin, allowing slippage, in the event of excess torque. between the backing plate and the retaining nut/backing washer assembly .
- At least one hole in the backing plate and at least one hole in the sanding disk may be used in conjunction with a locating peg or pin to rotationally align the sanding disk on the backing plate so that the apertures are substantially in alignment.
- the locating peg or pin is removed after attachment ofthe sanding disk and before use.
- a locating pin or projection included in a sanding disk and for alignment purposes inserted into the backing plate may also act during use as a shear pin.
- an overload clutch may include serrations or the like capable of creating a vibration or noise against a projection when the clutch is slipping.
- the invention also provides a guard for an angle grinder, adapted to protect the user from injury resulting from the spinning sanding disk and/or the backing plate; the guard comprising a protective cover mounted at least one of the threaded sockets for the gripping handle and projecting forwards between the sanding disk and the operator.
- the guard is made of a tough clear plastics material; alternatively at least a part of it may be made of metal. Also preferably the guard is fixed in place. Alternatively however the guard may be adjustable and moved forwards or backwards from time to time, thereby acting as a gauge plate.
- the invention provides a process and apparatus for the manufacture of preferred shapes of abrasive disk by using a liquid lance or liquid cutting process, in which a liquid emerging from a small nozzle under high pressure; the nozzle being capable of movement relative to one or more layers of an abrasive sheet, cuts through the abrasive sheet to separate sanding disks and/or flaps.
- the cutting process may be a burning process using intense light, as from a laser.
- the movements and cutting actions of the cutting process are controlled numerically from a stored sequence of instructions.
- the cutting process uses an array of nozzles working simultaneously in order to make a number of shapes at one time.
- Fig 1 shows outlines (plan view) of a preferred three-hole abrasive disk or sanding disk, according to the invention.
- Fig 2 shows outlines of a preferred five-hole abrasive disk or sanding disk, according to the invention.
- Fig 3 shows outlines of three preferred backing plates, each having three viewing or ventilation gaps, according to the invention.
- Fig 4 shows two outlines of preferred backing plates, according to the invention.
- Fig ⁇ i shows the profile of a preferred aperture or gap in a sanding disk or a backing plate, adapted to prevent against catching protrusions from the work surface, according to the invention.
- Fig 6 shows the side view (elevation) of a preferred backing plate, according to the invention.
- One type of a locating pin and an aperture for it in the backing plate are shown.
- This figure also includes a section through a backing plate having a raked hole and an air scoop away from the abrasive surface, and a lifted trailing edge on the abrasive surface.
- Fig 7 shows the front and rear surfaces of another preferred backing plate, provided with cooling channels according to the invention.
- Eig 8 shows the side (elevation) view of a preferred abrasive disk or sanding disk mounted upon a backing plate and provided with studs for engaging with an abrasive disk.
- Fig 9 shows the user's view (elevation view) of a preferred abrasive disk or sanding disk (of Fig 1) mounted upon a backing plate (of Fig 4) according to the invention.
- Fi JJ shows a preferred abrasive disk or sanding disk provided with raised areas trailing the three large apertures, and a shearable or weak section (three types of weakened portion are included in the one drawing), and three versions of a holding nut for fixing it to an arbor of an angle grinder.
- Fig U_ shows in section three versions of a backing plate provided with clutches for slipping in the event of too much torque being applied.
- Fig shows the working face of an abrasive disk or sanding disk provided with multiple flaps of abrasive material according to the invention. (Two flap orientations are shown in the one drawing).
- F g 13 shows the working face of another abrasive disk or sanding disk provided with multiple flaps of abrasive material according to the invention.
- Fi J_4 shows the working face of an abrasive disk or sanding disk provided with multiple (10) holes, wherein the positioning of holes allows viewing through a substantial portion of a spinning disk.
- Fi J_5 shows the working face of an abrasive disk or sanding disk of a type using a sandpaper manufactured with a contact adhesive surface according to the invention. (See Fig 23 also).
- Fig J_6 shows the rear (non-sanding) face of several versions of an abrasive disk or sanding disk of a type with one or more segments removed, having increased edge visibility during use.
- the insets show how such disks can be cut from a sheet of material with relatively little waste.
- Fig 1 7 shows the rear (non-sanding) face of a backing disk of a type with one or more segments removed, having mcreased edge visibility during use Extra raked cooling holes are also provided
- Fig 18 shows a hole in a sanding disk or backing plate, with its non-catching capability enhanced by formmg (as by pressing) a trailing edge deformation in the material, according to the invention
- Fig 19 shows in section a further prefe ⁇ ed clutch assembly for a sanding disk for an angle grinder
- Fig 20 shows some designs for a guard for an angle grinder to be used with sanding disks according to the invention
- Fig 21 shows a way to cut multiple or smgle stock abrasive sheet with a high pressure jet of liquid to make sanding disks according to the invention
- Fig 22 shows some ways to pack cut-outs together in oider to e on stock abrasive sheet j g 23 shows ways to lay and shape adhesive-backed sanding disks onto a foam backing plate, the disk and the plate being modified according to the invention
- Fig 24 shows a sanding disk with (a) non-catching apertures and (b) alignment holes within a tear-out zone
- Fig 25 shows a sanding disk in correct alignment on a backing plate - operator's view
- Fig 26 shows a backing plate having a grip pad - like a ring of sandpaper - intended to gup a sandpaper disk (such as Tig 24) inside its tear-out hole zone
- Fig 27 shows a backing plate suitable for use with a contact sanding disk
- Fig 28 shows one version of a contact sanding disk with (a) ⁇ lsion/ ooling apertures, (b) indexing/alignment holes ⁇ fold lines, and (d) vacuum apertures.
- Fig 29 shows another version of a contact sanding disk with (a) vision/cooling apertures, (b) indexing/alignment holes, ⁇ fold lines, and (d) vacuum apertures.
- Fig 30 shows a four-sided sandpaper disk with (a) wing tips, (b) air-scoop holes, and (c) a tear-out hole zone.
- Fig 31 shows the four-sided sandpaper disk in position upon a backing plate.
- Fig 32 shows a backing plate compatible with the sanding disk of Fig 30, having (a) a grip pad, (b) cooling channels, (c) a structurally weakened 10 breakout zone, and (d) index alignment means.
- Fig 33 shows a backing plate in section and a matching four-sided sanding disk, having apertures, break-out zones, and a concentric weakened or tear- out zone.
- the backing plate has a grip pad - like a ring of sandpaper - intended to grip a sandpaper disk inside its tear-out hole zone.
- Fig 34 shows a three-sided sandpaper disk in position upon a suitable backing plate.
- Fi 3_5 shows a backing plate compatible with the sanding disk of Fig 36, having (a) a grip pad, (b) cooling channels, and (c) index alignment means.
- Fig 36 shows a three-sided sandpaper disk with (a) wing tips, (b) apertures, and
- Fi 3_7 shows a backing plate in section and a matching three-sided sanding disk, having apertures, break-out zones, and a concentric weakened or tear-out zone.
- the backing plate has a grip pad - like a ring of sandpaper 25 - intended to grip the sandpaper disk inside its tear-out hole zone.
- Fig 38-41 are graphs and a bar chart showing comparative performance of disks according to the invention and prior art disks. PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
- the accessories to be described herein for use with an angle grinder include a disposable rotary sanding disk (where "disk” is as defined above) having one or more relatively large viewing/ventilation apertures, and a resilient backing plate, also having similar viewing/ventilation apertures which has been developed particularly for use in conjunction with the disk.
- the large apertures allow the operator to see the work surface while it is being abraded. It appears that the large apertures are also of great benefit by allowing the work surface to stay significantly cooler than when a prior-art unperforated disk is used.
- Perforations are preferably raked to increase air flow in conjunction with the backing plate, with increased cooling benefits also gained by inco ⁇ orating extra ventilation between the backing plate surface and the sanding disk.
- a by-product of this cooling method has proven to be excellent see-through capabilities whilst in operation.
- our invention uses a small number of large ventilation / viewing perforations in proportion to the sanding disk size, and with the exception of flapper disks, relies on a special relationship between a modified backing plate and modified fibre and fabric -based sanding disks.
- This invention also makes possible a more flexible and controllable sanding operation not normally associated with angle grinder usage.
- the sanding disk is preferably ofthe usual industry-standard diameter; usually between 4 and 7 inches (or a metric equivalent) and can be made of the usual reinforced fibre base to which an abrasive surface has been made adherent.
- the material from which the disk is made can however also be plastic, such as a film, paper or even metal.
- Metal disks are in fact preferred where an abrasive, especially a superabrasive such as diamond or CBN, is metal-bonded to the surface of the disk to provide the abrasive surface.
- the disk is typically used in conjunction with a backing plate where it has insufficient strength to be used alone. This is indeed most often the case since the disk is intended to be readily replaceable and usable supported on a standard backing plate. It is however possible that the disk is integral with its own backing plate which has the same overall shape as the disk and which confers the necessary rigidity and dimensional stability. Such a disk can then be attached directly to the arbor of a rotary grinder. This option is particularly preferred when the disk is already required to be dimensionally stable to perform in the intended manner. Such disks are referred to herein as "rigid disks" to distinguish them from the disks primarily intended to be used in conjunction with a backing pad.
- Rigid disks include for example flap disks, (as hereinafter described), disks in which the abrasive surface is provided by a non- woven fabric having abrasive particles adhered to the fibers thereof (as hereinafter described), and metal disks bearing particles of a superabrasive metal-bonded to a surface thereof.
- the rigid disk has a recessed portion surrounding the mounting aperture so that the disk can be used flat without the mechanism for attaching the rigid disk to the arbor of the grinder coming into contact with the work surface.
- the integral backing plate has the same apertures and the same basic shape as the disk.
- the disk has a central mounting or attachment aperture, and in addition has a number of apertures which have the combined purposes of (a) providing a flow of air over the work surface, (b) allowing the operator to see the work while actually abrading it and (c) making the disk backing material less rigid, and alleviating possible stresses within the disk material.
- a contact adhesive may be used to fix the disk to a backing plate (see Fig 15) or "Velcro" (TM) or the like may be used.
- Prior-art apertured sanding disks are known (e.g. Bosch and see above) but those on sale are used solely as part of a dust-extraction system and the extraction system prevents viewing.
- FIG. 1 The typical appearance of prototype sanding disks is shown in Figs 1 and 2 - where three holes in Fig 1 are shown as 101 (the central mounting hole is 102) and Fig 2 illustrates that the invention 200 can have any reasonable number of holes such as the five ventilation/viewing apertures here illustrated as 201 , or the ten hole version of Fig 14.
- a one-hole disk (with a balancing segment removed from an edge) is shown in Fig 22.
- the invention is of course not limited to the embodiments illustrated.
- the example of Fig 2 also includes an array of holes 203 used as a deliberately weakened region (see later) and also non-circular apertures 202, which are substantially radially oriented slots.
- our optional vacuum apertures are placed close to the centre of our sanding disks and are aligned with apertures in the backing plate, similar to the Bosch prior-art, except these apertures draw their vacuum not from the fan built into the motor ofthe power tool or some other external source but from ducts sandwiched inside the backing plate or open channels, between the backing plate and the sanding disk paper.
- the centripetal force developed on air occupying the ducts will, when the disk is spun, create the required vacuum in the ducts. Dust can then be blown into a collection trap that then funnels dust into a collection bag.
- the periphery of a backing plate can have veins or scallops moulded into its edge (circumference).
- the sanding disks are adapted to be used with a conventional angle grinder ofthe widely used type having a typical no-load rotation speed of 11 ,000 rpm. driven usually by a universal (AC/DC) brush motor.
- Conventional angle grinders provide a drive shaft on to which various disks (normally of abrasive material) may be mounted and spun at a high speed.
- a typical angle grinder is the single-speed 1 15 mm grinder sold as the "AEG WSL1 15" (TM) (600 watts). This size of motor provides an acceptable power for the prototype disks, which generally draw less power than "solid" prior-art disks though having an equivalent performance.
- TM AEG WSL1 15
- This size of motor provides an acceptable power for the prototype disks, which generally draw less power than "solid" prior-art disks though having an equivalent performance.
- air-bearing effects, rest-time effects, and cooling may be responsible.
- Apertures or perforations (101, 201) in the disk are provided in part so that the user can see the material to be abraded through the spinning disk as he/she is using the grinder, generally by drawing the tool towards himself/ herself.
- the apertures are circular or at least have no sha ⁇ or narrow corners because of the higher risk of propagation of cracks from stressed areas as opposed to circular holes.
- a diamond-shaped, raked hole in Fig 2 as one optional shape. Holes having a narrow end and a wide end (perhaps the narrow end is placed at the leading edge) can be used as one of many options. Many other options exist; such as narrow slots running at an angle to radius lines or perhaps along curves that follow stress lines of the disk when in use. Three 22 mm diameter holes 101, equidistant from the centre have been used in early prototypes but many other combinations are possible. Clearly, hole positions should preferably be selected so as to retain the balance of the cutter, and cutters may be balanced dynamically by removing material from hole edges. In relation to the viewing aspect, it is very useful to be able to see and monitor the abrading action while it is in progress.
- the operator can carry out an abrasion operation in one application of the tool to the work and there is little need for judgement as to the speed of wearing down, and the risk of going too far. It is perhaps su ⁇ rising that the presence of substantial apertures in the disk and the backing plate does not (as one might expect) allow protruding objects to entangle with the hole and cause catastrophic disruption to the sanding process. In fact one can bring the spinning disk down hard onto a protruding nail and watch the nail being worn down with little or no problem, though for safety reasons one might prefer to arrange that the disk meets the nail at an angle less that 90 degrees in order to reduce the risk of the nail digging into the disk or the backing plate.
- Disks in which the edges were scalloped or given a toothed appearance have been used in the past. This was done primarily to make the edges more flexible but also to prevent or limit abrasion in tight corners.
- the edge treatments did not confer visibility of any part ofthe grinding area because the disks were used with solid backing plates.
- the lack of grinding performance at the edges was an intentional characteristic of such disks and this clearly distinguishes them from the present invention.
- the disks were also not provided with apertures in the body of the disk to permit viewing and/or cooling.
- chord segments from the disks are that, at the time of stamping disks out from the original stock material, the centre of each disk may be brought slightly closer to adjoining disk centres, so that more disks can be cut one by one or in stacks (if the stock is multi-layered) from a given area of stock material, as shown at 1606 which is one example of closer packing of disks having segments cut off.
- the inner profile of one segment may comprise the circumference of a neighbouring disk.
- This inner profile may be a deeper indentation (called a "throat": more than 5 throats may be a satisfactory number), or may be curved, with a sha ⁇ er leading angle and a shallower trailing angle.
- Fig 21 shows an example flap at 21 14 and how 15 flaps (21 15) can be cut at the same time as one disk is made, leaving very little waste material.
- the an-ow 615 shows the direction of movement ofthe backing plate in relation to the air and the work surface. The portion ofthe backing plate leading the aperture 612 is cut away, and the trailing edge 613 may be brought upward as a kind of scoop, so that some air is rammed into the aperture 612.
- the contours of the back of the backing plate often generate a negative pressure within the aperture through the backing plate and this may give rise to an air flow within the aperture in the opposite direction, that is, away from the work surface. In either case there is turbulence generated at the work surface and this helps significantly in swarf removal. Careful contouring of the aperture openings in the backing plate can enhance this effect.
- a rake (or slant) ofthe leading and trailing edges of the holes that are made through the sanding disk itself might, in addition to providing snagging protection, somewhat enhance air flow, it is generally difficult to produce a substantial air turbulence effect in such a thin material and this function is preferably provided largely by building a rake effect into the backing plate, which may be 3-5 mm thick in the region ofthe holes. This is shown in Fig 6; a shaped sheet is shown in fi 5 or Fig 18. (Of course a thicker sanding disk will be capable of supporting fully functional raked holes and could show the claimed effect even in the absence of a backing disk.
- FIG 5 shows the preferred arrangement and in that drawing 500 is a cross section through a portion of a sanding disk or through a backing plate, including a gap or aperture.
- the preferred direction of rotation is indicated by the arrow 507 and the abrasive surface is downwards.
- the leading edge 505 of an aperture or gap 502 is slanted to leave an acute angle at the edge closest to the abrasive surface, while the trailing edge 504 is slanted so that an obtuse angle is closest.
- Fig 18 shows a raked hole 1801 within a sanding disk 1800, its capability enhanced by forming of the material of the sanding disk or backing plate, according to the invention.
- the leading edge 1803 is generally not deformed but the trailing edge 1802 is bent away from the work surface.
- the region 1804, though abrasive, is unlikely to catch on a projection even if the disk is turning slowly because it is at a gentle slant.
- the principles of the invention can be applied to a disk alone, without requiring a backing plate having raked holes.
- the forming process can be a simple pressing operation carried out between suitable dies at the time of stamping ofthe sanding disk from bulk sheet abrasive material.
- Two backing plate or disk outlines are shown 300 and 400 respectively in Figs 3 and 4; Fig 4 is "improved” in that the periphery of the disk is extended outwards from the position (shown by dotted lines 301) of Fig 3.
- These backing disks include gaps 303.
- the arrow 403 shows the direction of rotation. It is possible to produce a resilient backing disk that extends to substantially the full diameter of a sanding disk and in this case it may be preferable to provide apertures rather than gaps. Preferably the number and placing of holes in the sanding disk match those of the backing disk.
- a sanding disk on a grinder might visually align the ventilation/viewing holes 101 in the sanding disk with the gaps or holes 303 in the backing disk. Or he/she might use a locating peg or pin (that shown at 603 in fig 6 is one embodiment; fig 23 is another) in order to hold the disk in place during rotation of the tightening nut. This is a relatively precise way to align the disk. Preferably the locator peg is removed before use.
- Fig 9 shows at 900 a sanding disk 100 beneath a backing disk 401 , with the holes of the sanding disk in good alignment with the gaps of the backing disk.
- Fig 9 also illustrates a sanding disk having locator holes 905 which substantially match holes 601 in the corresponding backing disk.
- Figs 6, 7, and 8 show some preferred backing plates from the side - elevation view. That of Fig 6 (600) is preferably made of a resilient compound such as a rubber or a plastics material and is relatively stiff because its profile remains thick relatively close to the edge. Note the locator hole 601 for use with a locator peg 603. The backing plate of Fig 8 (at 800) is more resilient (assuming similar materials) because the outer portion is relatively thin close to the edge.
- Fig 8 also shows a curved or dished shape which we have found preferable - it allows use of the resilience of the sanding disk itself (803 in Fig 8) alone when lightly sanding an object.
- a flat sanding disk may, after some use itself may take on a slightly dished appearance because of the way that force is applied about the edge of the disk.
- Perforated disks are more resilient than unperforated disks.
- Fig 6 also includes one means (of many possible methods) to conveniently set the orientation of the sanding disk in relation to the backing plate, when mounting a new disk on an angle grinder.
- Corresponding orientation holes 905 are provided in sanding disks, and as can be seen, these are preferably in a iixed relationship to the repeating structures of the sanding disk, so that for example three possible satisfactory orientations of the sanding disk results in three holes 905.
- a locating peg or pin (shaft 603 and head 604) through the disk and into the corresponding hole in the backing plate so that the disk is held in substantially the correct orientation while tightening the retaining nut.
- the locating pin which may be made of a plastics material, is then removed.
- a typical operator may use a nail or the like as a substitute for a locating pin. . and clearly it is useful to remove the nail before commencing use. (Locating pins may ⁇ be cheap enough to pack with every sanding disk).
- locator peg structures may serve a dual purpose of shearing and giving way if too much torque exists between the sheet at the disk - if. for example, a protruding object is inadvertently gripped.
- Fig 17 shows the rear (non- sanding) face of a backing disk 1700 of a type with one or more segments 1701 removed, having increased edge visibility during use. Extra raked cooling holes 1702 are also provided.
- the segments 1701 which, like the larger viewing apertures, are intended to line up with conesponding voids in the sanding disk in order to provide visibility ofthe work during the actual sanding operation.
- the holes together with the preferred type of backing plate give the sanding disk more resilience than an ordinary disk used with an ordinary hard backing plate.
- the normal pattern of use is to apply the spinning disk to the work at a region near one edge and with the preferred degree of resilience this may mean that the outer 1/3 to V 2 of the disk momentarily contacts the work during each revolution. Benefits of this include that the disk wears more evenly over its abrasive surface. Examination of well-used disks show that the outer half (measured along a radius) of the disk is relatively evenly worn, while portions near the central mounting hole remain largely unworn. The outer perimeter ofthe sanding disk is still present.
- a sanding disk according to the invention makes the perimeter of a sanding disk more flexible. This is quite useful for more gently abrading a surface.
- a typical relationship is shown in Fig 9 where it can be seen that the backing plate reaches out to about the furthest extent of the viewing/ventilating apertures.
- prototype backing plates have a circular circumference, it may be preferable to shape the perimeter as in Fig 4 in order to optimise the kind of support provided to the sanding disk.
- one preferred shape of backing plate itself has a slight cupping (see Fig.
- the disk/plate movement can assist air to reach the rear of the disk and cool it.
- a backing disk having channels to circulate the air in the space between the backing plate and sanding disk.
- Fig 7 shows the principles.
- the disk 700 shows the rear (operator side) of a disk, with air holes shown at 703 and 705. Buried channels spiral out through the substance ofthe disk to reach the sanding side (see 701) where they may lead into the viewing/cooling apertures 702 or be made into channels 706 that lead out to the circumference. Centrifugal air movement occurs when the assembly rotates. This type of configuration is useful with thick backing disks - such as the foam ones favoured by auto refinishers.
- the type of material used as a substrate for the sanding disk is of greater importance than may have hitherto been thought, particularly because the invention enhances the sanding process using an angle grinder and a sanding disk, and makes it a more versatile and precise operation than has generally been believed.
- Backing plates are preferably coloured black, in order to enhance visual contrast for a person looking through a spinning disk and relying on persistence of vision to see the work behind. This colour is less obtrusive than white, which tends to result in a greying out of a view of a work surface seen through a white or other light-coloured disk.
- Fig 10 shows some variations by means of which the sanding disk itself 1000 can be made frangible. It is provided with shearing/tearing points 1003 (sha ⁇ -cornered apertures) or alternatively circular apertures at 1004, or alternatively a series of tabs 1006 directed towards the centre so that the weakened zone gives way if an excessive torque is applied.
- a retaining nut 1001 for holding the sanding disk and the backing disk onto an arbor of an angle grinder is also drawn; its sectional view is at 1005.
- the disk 1000 remains captive beneath the periphery ofthe head ofthe nut after shearing, preferably provided with a raised portion 1002 to allow slippage, so that the disk docs not fly free of the tool and possibly cause injury.
- Most nuts have a chamfer 1007. as shown in the example 1006, to aid in gripping the disk.
- the nut of 101 1- 1012 is designed to hold only the backing plate to the arbor, and assumes that the sanding disk is held onto the backing plate by other means, such as the projections 805 shown in Fig 8.
- the disk in Fig 10 shows raised portions trailing the holes, as at 1013.
- Fig 1 1 shows three examples in section; all of which can be made in a resilient material as a casting or forming operation.
- Feature 1 102 illustrates a V-shaped tongue-and-groove formation while 1104 shows a more tongue-like variant and 1 103 shows a slip ring (which may be embedded in either the inner or outer portion ofthe plate, or even both.
- the version shown at 1102 may be liable to give way if too great a side force is applied.
- any of these clutches may be provided with a regular distortion of the sliding surfaces (such as a ratchet type of shape, or a shear pin 1 106) so that slipping of the clutch is clearly evident during use as a kind of vibration, noise, chatter, or free spinning and the operator will know to reduce the pressure applied.
- Holes to engage with a tightening spanner may be provided as at 1 107.
- An improved clutch or release mechanism for a backing plate for an angle grinder can be made from a modified retaining nut and thrust washer, as shown in Fig 19 which shows this assembly 1900 in section.
- the thrust washer 1904 differs from the type normally sold with backing plates by (a) having the spigots (that engage with depressions in the backing plate) deleted, and by having an extended shaft.
- This and the extended shaft ofthe retaining nut 1901 are made to be of such a length that, when screwed together by tightening the retaining nut about the backing plate 1907, the backing plate is gripped only tightly enough to hold it during normal working torque. When excess torque is applied, the backing plate can slow or stop while the nut washer assembly 1901 + 1904 continues to be driven.
- a noise or cause vibration so that the operator is aware that slippage is occurring before friction-developed heat affects the equipment.
- This may comprise a toothed hub 1909 in the backing plate, which engages with a pawl 1905, or a spring and ball, or shear pin, or the like projection(s) from one or other of the thrust washer 1904 or the retaining nut 1901.
- the teeth may be included in the nut washer assembly and the projection in the backing plate).
- the combination of teeth and pawl may themselves partially or completely define the torque at which the clutch gives way.
- Figure 12 illustrates a version 1200 of the sanding disk of this invention, bearing multiple flaps of abrasive material. These devices generally come with their own backing plate 1202. Flaps may be attached in radial lines as at 1201 , or at a slant (as beside the marker 1202). A series of small holes 1203 provide a weakened zone in case the disk grips an object, but a preferred weak point is a slip ring 1303 and a shear pin 1304. The tangential flaps may tend to cause the wheel to become less dished when it spins.
- Fig 13 shows another ( 1300) sanding disk having flaps, where the flaps of abrasive material 1301 are interrupted by the apertures 1302. This gives the work surface a series of rest times and assists in cooling.
- Fig 14 is provided to show that holes may be placed at various distances from the centre of the flapper disk, and preferably they are arranged so that the innermost perimeter of an outer hole 1401 is closer to the centre than the outermost perimeter of an inner hole 1402, so that an operator can see through substantially all of the disk when using the tool
- the holes 1403 (though not essential) are here provided for imposing a weakened zone. Generally though the flaps will be torn off if overstressed.
- a clutch or shear pin arrangement or the like can be provided (Fig 13). Similar holes could be used in the contact-adherent system of Fig 15, where a sticky (or "Velcro" fitted) disk 1501 is stuck down over its entire surface onto a disk 1502.
- Backing plates can be provided with a built-in thread matched to that of the arbor of the angle grinder. In that case they can also be provided with holes to engage with a tightening spanner. Backing plates can be provided with perhaps 3 to 7 stubby projecting pins that engage with alignment apertures stamped through sanding disks. Examples are shown in Fig 8 which shows a backing plate seen from the side, with projections 805 aligned with similar-sized apertures 806 in a sanding disk 803. (Fig 23 shows another system).
- the stubby pins which are not long enough to reach the work surface during use, also serve to lock the disk to the spinning packing plate during use. They transfer the torque from the arbor, via the backing plate, to the disk. In the event of excessive torque, the stubby projecting pins may break off, or the sandpaper, otherwise only retained on the arbor but not otherwise locked in rotation to it, may come out of alignment with the stubby projecting pins.
- backing plates include gaps to overlay sanding disk apertures, they can be made with gradual trailing edges so that if a projection gets through a sanding disk it can tear out the edge of the disk and escape from the backing plate, probably causing a jerk to the angle grinder but at least not continuing to be trapped.
- Fig 9 show s this, along with a raked edge 904.
- backing plate comprises a thick, foam-filled (so that it is soft and resilient) backing plate, typically 24 mm thick and 200 mm in diameter. This is used in conjunction with adhesive-backed disks of sandpaper, and the combination is widely available and generally used for automotive finishing work.
- Fig 7 shows one system for cooling channels.
- Fig 22 shows relevant diagrams; a fitting plate 2301 , a typical pre-cut sanding disk 2320, and the front surface ofthe backing plate 2310.
- a fitting plate for use with our modified foamy backing plate includes one or more locating pins 2302 placed so as to mate, when in the correct orientation, with locating holes 2312 constructed within the foamy backing plate 2310 and to be fed through holes 2322 in the sanding disk, which is placed, abrasive side down, upon the jig or fitting plate 2301 prior to the above mating of locating pins with holes.
- retaining clips may be used on the jig in order to hold flat any sheets which may tend to curl.
- trough-forming projections 2302 located upon the fitting plate 2301 at positions corresponding to the trailing edges ofthe larger viewing/cooling apertures in the disk 2321 and the backing plate 231 1 (these holes preferably being raked as shown at 2316 and 2336).
- the projections push the covering parts of the sanding disk into recesses provided in the backing plate.
- the disk preferably has slits 2323 cut on the trailing side of the larger apertures to allow for this distortion).
- the sanding disk is provided with pressed-in abrasive material on the raised-from -the work trailing edge ofthe larger apertures, to assist in minimising the risk of catching a protruding object during use.
- air flow over the work originating from turbulence caused by the viewing/cooling apertures assists in keeping the cutting cool.
- These fittings 2334 may simply clip into place using inherent shape and resilience, or they may be held in place with fasteners, such as screws 2331.
- the fittings may also include projections 2332 which rise above the surface ofthe foamy backing plate 2330 on the operator's side and act during use may act to enhance airflow down the apertures and towards the work surface. Hence the abrasive surface 2333 is cooled, while the operator has some chance to see the work through the same holes. (These air scoop formations are concealed from the operator by remaining beneath the guard ofthe angle grinder).
- Fig 20 shows some designs.
- a preferred guard 2003 is mounted on the angle grinder body 2001, and comes forward over the sanding disk 2004 as far as is necessary to provide protection.
- a preferred mounting site employs the threaded holes provided for the handles 2002, for these tend to be standard features between different types of angle grinder. Generally holes are provided on each side (as shown) but the operator has only one handle to be put in one side or the other depending on handedness.
- the guard 2003 may be held between a handle and the body of the grinder, or it may be held in an un-used hole by a bolt. (The handle may be placed on the right or the left side according to the handedness of the operator).
- a guard may be made by pressing or forming so that lugs 2005 are bent upwards from the plane of the guard.
- a side view of two versions is shown at 2014; the lower one has at 2006 a slotted hole so that it can be moved forwards or backwards.
- Preferred guards are transparent, so that the operator can see through them and may be able to have the entire disk covered by the guard - yet still be able to see through the equipment to the work during abrasion.
- FIG 2015 Another version is shown at 2015; this version is adjustable by means of a slot 201 1 , a wing nut 2012, and a pivot nut 2010, which allow the curved portion 2007 of the guard to move forwards and backwards relative to the angle grinder, onto which the guard is held by bolts 2008 and 2009 onto the brackets 2013 entering the handle mounting holes.
- the handle may replace one ofthe bolts).
- 2016 is an optional trough on the other side, to allow more flexibility in adjustment.
- Preferred guards are also capable of adjustment to and from the edge of the sanding disk, so that the amount of exposed disk can be optimised according to various working conditions.
- an appropriately shaped guard will help channel air flow generated during grinding and ensure that swarf produced is ejected with the radially outwardly, even when the air turbulence generated by the viewing apertures. especially as sculpted in accordance with a preferred feature of the invention, tends to draw air from the grinding surface back towards the operator. Any such material is swept away by the swirling air currents generated between the rotating disk/backing plate and the guard itself.
- Conventional disks, and particularly the sanding disks of this invention are generally stamped out from stock sandpaper, generally comprising fabric or fibre-reinforced backing material onto which the abrasive grains have been attached by a suitable type of glue, supplied in rolls about 1.5 metres wide.
- the stamping act is carried out between dies in a press.
- abrasive granules may be added to the water stream as is practised in the art (but see below).
- the liquid cutter would, as is customary in water cutting techniques used in other fabrication processes, use liquid raised (in the supply pump 2103) to a pressure of perhaps some 30,000 pounds per square inch pressure, brought by means of a flexible hose 2104 to ultimately emerge from a nozzle 2105 close to the material to be cut.
- Spray and waste is collected, preferably actively with the aid of air jets and vacuum cleaners (not shown) , and the fluid may be filtered well and re-used.
- the nozzle is moved relative to the stock by computer control, preferably to a precision of ⁇ 0.1 mm over the width of a single sanding disk, although a precision of ⁇ 1 mm might be sufficient.
- the sheet of stock coming off a roll 2101 may be moved forward and backward by gripping rollers 2109, one steel and one (against the abrasive side) of rubber, to cause movement in one orthogonal axis, and the nozzle or nozzle array 2105 may be moved from side to side on a rail or some other suitable support, in the other orthogonal axis.
- Stepping motors ( 2106, 2107) coupled to rollers 2109, 2108 represent one preferred source of motive power since they are easily coupled to a computer-based controller 21 10 by known interfaces.
- the HPGL plotter language (or similar) might be selected as a standardised way of instructing the stepping motor interfaces.
- the unit step size of the stepping motors in both axes is similarly related to relative work/cutter movement so that when a circle is intended, it is obtained.
- Software can compensate for constant errors of scale, so the above requirement is simply a preferred feature.
- a number of nozzles 2105 are held in a gang formation on a rigid beam or on a rigid plate 21 13, so that a number of identical disks 2102 can be cut from the stock roll in one set of controlled movements.
- Fig 21 does not show the details of a practical machine.
- the lengthwise movement of the stock should preferably involve a low-resistance, low-momentum action and (as in reel-to-reel tape drives for computers) a loop of material may be drawn off and reduced or lengthened as forwards or backwards movement occurs.
- the roller 21 18 could be relatively lightly spring-loaded so that it tends to push up. Motors such as 21 17 driving the rolls are useful to reduce drag on the rollers 2109 at the cutting machine.
- abrasive may not be necessary if the machine is made so that the jet first hits the abrasive side - for then that abrasive acts as the cutting abrasive.
- Fig 21 shows an additional roll 2116 behind a first roll 2101 and possibly further rolls of stock can be added. Or the stock may be wound as a multi-ply single roll.
- laser cutting may be used as an alternative (wherein an infra-red transmitting lens for focusing radiation to a point; the lens being coupled to a carbon- dioxide continuous wave laser, replaces the liquid nozzle, but we understand that this is more expensive and takes more skill to use and maintain the laser(s), and there will be noxious fumes to dispose of, arising from the backing material and glues.
- Sanding disks tend to curl up when packed and they are prone to deterioration if water gets into the backing material, particularly during storage. It tends to do this from cut edges.
- the cutting liquid may also be provided with sealant properties. It may be a meltable solid, such as a wax - that is molten when it is used as a jet. Some that sets over the sanding disk, where it can then can act as a lubricant during use. Or it may be water or a watery liquid including some dissolved material that acts as a varnish, or as a sealant. Or it may be a polymerisable material such as a polyurethane paint.
- the path of the cutters may be programmed so that all removed material is shredded finely. When gathered up and filtered, this material can be used in the manufacture of grinding wheels of various types. In any case there will always be some finely divided material recoverable from the fluid drains of the cutting machine. Fluid cutting is less likely than pressing to initiate stresses at the time of manufacture at a sha ⁇ corner or blind end of any cut other than a circular outline. (Cracks are expected to tend to propagate from stresses arising at corners).
- the preferred anti-snagging shapes to be provided about the trailing edges of the apertures cut through our type of sanding disk by creating a raised "hood" over each hole are preferably created in a separate pressing step to the cutting step, whether the cutting step uses dies or otherwise.
- Fig 22 shows some other possible layouts for sanding disks though it is impossible to show all options. Presumably optimisation can be varied according to relative costs.
- Fig 22 shows, at 2202 a single aperture disk, having a balancing segment removed from its periphery, and a mirror image at 2203.
- the sanding disk 2400 of Fig 24 has (a) three viewing and principally anti-snagging apertures 2403 (which have been drawn to show the limits of the preferred recess made by pressing the material of the disk inward, and (b) three drive/alignment holes 2401, at about the same radius as a tear-out zone 2402.
- all three ofthe drive/alignment holes are driven by means of corresponding pins held in the backing plate.
- the sanding disk when connected to the drive pins, is in correct alignment on the backing plate. If the disk is, in use, exposed to too great a stress the drive pins will destroy the tear-out zone 2402, so that the disk will come free of the backing plate and the disk can no longer be driven.
- 2500 is the assembly
- 2501 is a central register plate on the backing plate.
- 2502 is the sanding disk
- 2503 is a breakout zone on the sanding disk
- 2504 is a sanding disk to backing plate alignment aperture and/or pin.
- An additional enhancement to the backing plates of this invention is to provide a grip pad 2602 for gripping the sanding disk by means of a nut pressing the disk between itself and the grip pad, inside the concentric tear-out zone.
- the grip pad 2602 is like a ring of sandpaper placed concentrically around the aperture provided for the arbor of the angle grinder. (In our prototypes, it is a ring of sandpaper glued onto the backing plate, but some other durable material which digs into the back surface ofthe sanding disk may be used instead - such as an insert of a knurled or deeply etched metal, or a portion of a plastic surface incorporating projections. The projections or rough surface may not be necessary.
- Spigots on a metal washer arc one preferred formation of a roughened surface.
- a simple metal washer may suffice, if the disk is tightened sufficiently against it.
- This concentric ring is intended to grip a sandpaper disk (such as Fig 24) inside its tear-out hole zone, so that if the disk in use is exposed to too great a stress it will come free of the backing plate which can no longer drive the disk.
- Another advantage of this ring (as shown in the section 2600) is that the slight elevation of the gripping surface 2602 provides further air movement between the sanding disk and the backing plate 2603 during use, so cooling the rear ofthe sanding disk.
- Figs 27 to 30 show a contact sanding disk and a backing plate suitable for use with such a contact disk.
- This type of disk is used particularly for finishing work on automobile bodies, for producing a smooth surface on or under painted layers.
- the user of this kind of disk is faced mainly with the problem of securing a long disk life before it gets clogged up, which requirement can also be expressed as the problem of keeping the disk and work surface cool during sanding.
- a good vacuum can be created within the relatively thick body of the backing plate during rotation, by making channels (see Fig 7; 706) which run substantially centrifugally.
- Fig 27 simply shows the rear (operator's view) surface of an unmodified backing plate having a nut 2701. Air extraction (vacuum) channels are not shown.
- Fig 28 shows a three-hole version 2800 of a contact sanding disk with (a) vision/cooling apertures 2801 in three pairs of two, (b) indexing/alignment holes 2803, (c) fold lines 2805 about a cut 2804, and (d) vacuum and alignment apertures. Note that in this version the pairs of vision/cooling apertures 2801 are arranged to be not on radii of the disk.
- the cuts 2804 allow the abrasive material to be deformed inwards against corresponding depressions within the backing plate (see Fig 23) and striker plates running along the line joining the apertures 2810 may be installed.
- Fig 29 shows another version of a contact sanding disk with the 22 mm diameter vision/cooling apertures aligned along radii, (b) 8 mm diameter vacuum/ alignment holes, and (c) fold lines.
- Figs 30 to 33 show a four-sided sandpaper disk system.
- the disk 3000 - fig 30 has wing tips 3003 which help increase air flow between the disk and the material being abraded, as well as reducing the impact of rim contact, four 16 mm diameter viewing holes 3001 which are the primary source of ventilation, and a central tear-out hole zone 3002, inside an array of alignment holes 3004.
- Fig 31 shows at 3100 the four-sided sandpaper disk 3101 in position upon (behind) a backing plate 3102. Note the alignment (any one of 4 positions) ofthe viewing/ventilation holes in the sanding disk behind the raked holes ofthe backing plate.
- Fig 32 shows the work surface side of a backing plate 3200 compatible with the sanding disk of Fig 30.
- This plate has a grip pad 3203, four cooling channels (3201), four structurally weakened breakout zones (holes 3202) in case some object projects through the viewing/ventilation apertures, and four index alignment apertures.
- Fig 33 shows a backing plate 3304 in section and a matching four-sided sanding disk 3300, having four viewing/ventilation apertures with anti-snagging features 3303, thinned break-out zones 3301, and a concentric weakened or tear-out zone inside the alignment holes.
- the sanding disk also has wing tips 3302 (see above).
- Figs 34 to 37 show a three-sided sandpaper disk; similar to the above four-sided version.
- Fig 34 shows a disk in position upon a suitable backing plate 3400.
- holes 3401 give the backing plate a weakened zone so that it can let the object through. (We should say that we find it almost impossible to make an object catch in the holes of a spinning disk; the most likely circumstances are when the disk is spinning only very slowly).
- Fig 35 shows a backing plate 3500 compatible with the sanding disk 3600 of Fig 36, having a grip pad 3503, and index alignment holes 3502.
- Fig 36 shows a three-sided sandpaper disk 3600 with (a) wing tips (not labelled), (b) ventilation/viewing holes 3601 fitted with anti-snagging features, (c) a concentric tear-out hole zone near the central aperture, at 3603, and (d) alignment holes 3602.
- Fig 37 shows a backing plate in section (3705) and a matching three-sided sanding disk (3700), having ventilation holes 3702 with anti-snagging features, break-out zones 3701 on the trailing side of the ventilation holes, and a concentric weakened or tear-out zone 3703.
- Alignment holes are provided at 3704.
- the backing plate 3705 has a grip pad 3707 - like a ring of sandpaper - intended to grip the sandpaper disk concentrically inside its tear-out hole zone.
- the area 3706 is provided with apertures for promoting air circulation for cooling the working area during use. Wing tips are again provided and drawn, as at 3708.
- Wing tips or deliberately formed vanes may be used to entrap air about the circumference of the sanding disk.
- These may be used in conjunction with an air containment "skirt" around the guard ofthe angle grinder and projecting towards the work surface, the skirt being made of a soft and preferably transparent resilient material (such as polyurethane) and including a positioned gap placed so that dust is ejected in one direction rather than in all directions.
- a dust collecting device can then be installed so that a substantial proportion of the dust is retained.
- This type of guard is designed for use with the thick, resilient backing plates intended for use with contact sheets of sandpaper and for use in applications such as automobile bodywork finishing; in manufacture or repair.
- the first disk, (D) is a prior art disk with a diameter of 1 1.4 cm (4.5 inches) with a central mounting aperture used in the typical prior art fashion with only the outer periphery actually used for grinding. This was done by having the area of contact on the workpiece overlap the perimeter.
- the second, (B) was identical to the D disk except that full contact was maintain with the full workpiece by moving the location of engagement between the disk and the workpiece to the same location used with the other disks.
- the third disk, (C) was an identical disk but modified to make it according to the invention by being provided with three viewing apertures as shown in Figure 24 (2400) of the drawings except for the omission of features 2401 and 2402.
- the fourth disk, (A) was a disk similar to disk C except that chord segments were removed to provide a disk as shown in Figure 16 ( 1600) of the drawings.
- the backup plates were of 2.54 cm thick aluminum with shapes similar to the disk shapes as taught in the specification.
- the abrasive surface was provided 50 grit fused alumina with phenolic maker and size coats.
- the disks were evaluated using an Okuma ID/OD grinder used in an axial-feed mode such that the workpiece was presented to the face of the disk rather than an edge.
- the workpiece used in each case was 1018 mild steel in the form of a cylinder with an outside diameter of 12.7 cm (5 inches) and an inside diameter of 1 1.4 cm (4.5 inches).
- the end surface was presented to the abrasive disk.
- the abrasive disks were operated at 10.000 rpm and an in-feed rate of 0.5 mm/inin was used the workpiece was rotated at 12 rpm.. No coolant was used and the workpiece was centered on the portion of the disk where the viewing holes are located in the embodiments according to the invention.
- the disks were glued to the backup plate and this unit was weighed before and after the testing.
- Figure 41 compares the amount of metal cut over time by the four disks. This shows that disks B, C, and D cut about the same amount of metal over the periods of the test but disk A cut about twice as much.
- the disks according to the invention cut at least as well as the prior art disks while affording the benefit of being able to view the area being abraded as the abrading progresses rather than between abrading passes. This is very important for angle grinding particularly. Moreover this is obtained even though the amount of abrading surface is reduced by provision of the viewing holes. Most significantly however, when the abrading surface of the disk is reduced further by the removal of chord segments, (as in disk A), so as to give improved vision of the surface of the workpiece right up to the edge of the abrading disk, the disk cut more metal, at a lower power draw-down and over a longer period. This is quite unexpected and highly advantageous.
- ADVANTAGES Advantages of preferred forms of this invention include:
- the user can see through apertures in the spinning tool to accurately grind a desired conformation, or shape
- the sanding disk is worn more evenly, and lasts longer.
- the angle grinder uses less power (as measured by driving it from a limited-capacity petrol generator).
- the disk provides a finer and more even finish.
- the invention is particularly useful in sheet melal work, where the likeliness of the sheet metal becoming distorted due to heat generated during "cleaning-up" of welds or seams or the like by abrasion is low, thanks to the cooling effect of the apertures.
- the adjustable guard assists in operator protection against a relatively "naked" spinning sanding disk.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
- Grinding-Machine Dressing And Accessory Apparatuses (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
- Power Steering Mechanism (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (10)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/077,377 US6007415A (en) | 1995-12-08 | 1996-12-02 | Sanding disks |
AU12767/97A AU699466B2 (en) | 1995-12-08 | 1996-12-02 | Improvements to sanding disks |
BR9611924A BR9611924A (en) | 1995-12-08 | 1996-12-02 | Improvement on sanding discs |
KR1019980704214A KR100329306B1 (en) | 1995-12-08 | 1996-12-02 | Improved Sanding Disc |
DE69611764T DE69611764T2 (en) | 1995-12-08 | 1996-12-02 | IMPROVEMENTS FOR GRINDING WHEELS |
DK96943551T DK0868262T3 (en) | 1995-12-08 | 1996-12-02 | Improvements to grinding wheels |
KR1019980705670A KR100329308B1 (en) | 1995-12-08 | 1996-12-02 | Improved Sanding Disc |
AT96943551T ATE199071T1 (en) | 1995-12-08 | 1996-12-02 | IMPROVEMENTS TO GRINDING WHEELS |
JP9520781A JPH11514590A (en) | 1995-12-08 | 1996-12-02 | Improved sanding disc |
CA002238714A CA2238714C (en) | 1995-12-08 | 1996-12-02 | Improvements to sanding disks |
Applications Claiming Priority (10)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NZ28063495 | 1995-12-08 | ||
NZ28071095 | 1995-12-19 | ||
NZ28078196 | 1996-01-04 | ||
NZ28087696 | 1996-01-23 | ||
NZ280781 | 1996-02-09 | ||
NZ280876 | 1996-02-09 | ||
NZ28096496 | 1996-02-09 | ||
NZ280634 | 1996-02-09 | ||
NZ280710 | 1996-02-09 | ||
NZ280964 | 1996-02-09 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997021521A1 true WO1997021521A1 (en) | 1997-06-19 |
Family
ID=27532644
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1996/018927 WO1997021520A1 (en) | 1995-12-08 | 1996-11-21 | Backing plates for abrasive disks |
PCT/US1996/019191 WO1997021521A1 (en) | 1995-12-08 | 1996-12-02 | Improvements to sanding disks |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1996/018927 WO1997021520A1 (en) | 1995-12-08 | 1996-11-21 | Backing plates for abrasive disks |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6312325B1 (en) |
EP (3) | EP0874717B1 (en) |
JP (8) | JP3479083B2 (en) |
KR (3) | KR100329307B1 (en) |
AT (3) | ATE303232T1 (en) |
AU (3) | AU699881B2 (en) |
BR (2) | BR9611910B1 (en) |
CA (3) | CA2238718C (en) |
DE (3) | DE69635133T2 (en) |
DK (3) | DK0874717T3 (en) |
ES (3) | ES2248824T3 (en) |
MX (2) | MX9804546A (en) |
TW (2) | TW393385B (en) |
WO (2) | WO1997021520A1 (en) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2333256A (en) * | 1998-01-14 | 1999-07-21 | Norton Co | Disk locking device. |
US6077156A (en) * | 1998-12-16 | 2000-06-20 | Norton Company | Grinding disc |
GB2332162B (en) * | 1997-12-12 | 2002-09-18 | Simon Henry Jordan | Grinding disc |
JP2005118987A (en) * | 1999-04-30 | 2005-05-12 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives Inc | Improved grinding system |
CZ300299B6 (en) * | 1999-06-03 | 2009-04-15 | Norton Company | Improved backup pad for rotary grinding tool |
WO2010051964A1 (en) * | 2008-11-04 | 2010-05-14 | C. & E. Fein Gmbh & Co. | Ceiling grinder |
DE202013010146U1 (en) | 2013-11-11 | 2013-11-26 | Dipl.-Ing. Günter Wendt GmbH | Improved vulcanized fiber grinding tool |
DE102013017962A1 (en) | 2013-11-11 | 2015-05-13 | Dipl.-Ing. Günter Wendt GmbH | Improved vulcanized fiber grinding tool |
WO2015067377A1 (en) | 2013-11-11 | 2015-05-14 | Dipl.-Ing. Günter Wendt GmbH | Vulcanized fiber grinding tool |
Families Citing this family (65)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TW567116B (en) * | 1999-04-23 | 2003-12-21 | Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc | Rotary abrasive tool |
KR100314287B1 (en) * | 1999-07-29 | 2001-11-23 | 김세광 | Grinding wheel |
JP4817478B2 (en) * | 2000-02-16 | 2011-11-16 | ケヰテック株式会社 | Buffing tool |
JP2002046073A (en) * | 2000-08-04 | 2002-02-12 | Kanto Seito Kk | Soft, perforated polishing disc and method of manufacturing it |
US6722955B2 (en) * | 2001-01-10 | 2004-04-20 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Buckup plate assembly for grinding system |
US20040180618A1 (en) * | 2001-09-03 | 2004-09-16 | Kazuo Suzuki | Sheet-form abrasive with dimples or perforations |
JP2003103469A (en) * | 2001-09-27 | 2003-04-08 | Noritake Super Abrasive:Kk | Straight cup grinding wheel |
US6758732B1 (en) | 2001-12-01 | 2004-07-06 | Mark A. Hilton | Backing plate and disc configured for blowing angled grinding |
US20030143926A1 (en) * | 2002-01-30 | 2003-07-31 | Raffi Piliguian | Grinding or polishing arrangement |
DK174530B1 (en) * | 2002-02-23 | 2003-05-12 | Mostrup Holding Aps | Circular sawblade, especially for angle grinder, contains radial and axial debris removal holes and is provided with radially offset hard metal blades |
DE02752175T1 (en) * | 2002-04-12 | 2005-05-04 | Precimed Sa | Surgical bone reamer |
JP4261484B2 (en) * | 2002-11-20 | 2009-04-30 | 柳瀬株式会社 | Rotating abrasive |
US7220264B1 (en) | 2003-03-12 | 2007-05-22 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Minimally invasive reamer |
US7094140B2 (en) * | 2003-06-03 | 2006-08-22 | Onfloor Technologies, L.L.C. | Abrasive sanding surface |
JP3809158B2 (en) * | 2003-09-02 | 2006-08-16 | 大宝ダイヤモンド工業株式会社 | Grinding disc |
US7275302B2 (en) * | 2003-12-09 | 2007-10-02 | Seagate Technology Llc | Method of forming a disc pack |
US20060019218A1 (en) * | 2004-07-20 | 2006-01-26 | Kuo Eric E | Combined interproximal reduction (IPR) disc/measurement tool |
US20060019579A1 (en) * | 2004-07-26 | 2006-01-26 | Braunschweig Ehrich J | Non-loading abrasive article |
EP1838497B1 (en) * | 2004-12-30 | 2016-07-13 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive article and methods of making same |
DE202005009665U1 (en) * | 2005-06-17 | 2006-11-02 | Rhodius Schleifwerkzeuge Gmbh & Co. Kg | Industrial grinding or roughening disc has peripheral notches at regular intervals |
US7252694B2 (en) * | 2005-08-05 | 2007-08-07 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive article and methods of making same |
US7258705B2 (en) * | 2005-08-05 | 2007-08-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive article and methods of making same |
US7883398B2 (en) * | 2005-08-11 | 2011-02-08 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive tool |
US7390244B2 (en) * | 2005-09-16 | 2008-06-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive article mounting assembly and methods of making same |
US7244170B2 (en) * | 2005-09-16 | 2007-07-17 | 3M Innovative Properties Co. | Abrasive article and methods of making same |
US7393269B2 (en) * | 2005-09-16 | 2008-07-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive filter assembly and methods of making same |
DE102005054578A1 (en) * | 2005-11-16 | 2007-05-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | cutting wheel |
US20080096167A1 (en) * | 2006-08-22 | 2008-04-24 | Florman Michael J | Grinder disk |
US7452265B2 (en) | 2006-12-21 | 2008-11-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive article and methods of making same |
US8286291B2 (en) * | 2007-10-02 | 2012-10-16 | Dynabrade, Inc. | Eraser assembly for a rotary tool |
DK178006B1 (en) * | 2007-12-04 | 2015-03-02 | Flex Trim As | Grinding tools and apparatus for grinding a surface on plate-shaped workpieces |
US20090233528A1 (en) * | 2008-03-07 | 2009-09-17 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Floor sanding sponge pads |
WO2010064380A1 (en) * | 2008-12-02 | 2010-06-10 | 株式会社三信精機 | Nail filing device |
US8397342B2 (en) | 2008-12-09 | 2013-03-19 | Credo Technology Corporation | Debris removal system for power tool |
CN102333619A (en) * | 2008-12-16 | 2012-01-25 | 戴纳布莱德公司 | Eraser assembly for a rotary tool |
US8360823B2 (en) * | 2010-06-15 | 2013-01-29 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Splicing technique for fixed abrasives used in chemical mechanical planarization |
DE102010052864A1 (en) * | 2010-12-01 | 2012-06-06 | Thyssenkrupp System Engineering Gmbh | Device and system for producing a fold |
US20120190279A1 (en) * | 2011-01-24 | 2012-07-26 | Giovanni Ficai | Ventilating insert for abrasive tools |
ES2401775B1 (en) * | 2011-05-18 | 2014-09-05 | Herramientas De Diamante, S.A. | MUELA IN TWO PARTS FOR MACHINING |
CH708721B1 (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2015-04-30 | Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc | Grinding device. |
DE102012220944A1 (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2014-05-22 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Machining disc for processing a substrate |
DE102013203116A1 (en) * | 2013-02-26 | 2014-08-28 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Abrasive device |
US9321184B2 (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2016-04-26 | Lawrence E Baker | Blade sharpening system for a log saw machine |
EP3013527B1 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2023-03-01 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive article reinforced by discontinuous fibers |
US9855639B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2018-01-02 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive article |
CN104249309A (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | 圣戈班磨料磨具有限公司 | Discontinuous fiber reinforced thin wheel |
US9302369B2 (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2016-04-05 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Grinding wheel and method |
US20160045207A1 (en) | 2014-08-14 | 2016-02-18 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Flexible bone reamer |
ES2665678T3 (en) * | 2014-08-14 | 2018-04-26 | August Rüggeberg Gmbh & Co. Kg | Abrasive element, procedure for manufacturing the abrasive element and injection molding tool to perform the procedure |
WO2016065367A1 (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2016-04-28 | Pitts James Edward | Improved, long-lasting blade holder |
DE202015100548U1 (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2015-02-26 | Industrias Tenazit, S.A. De C.V. | Support plate for lamella grinding wheels |
WO2017032397A1 (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2017-03-02 | August Rüggeberg Gmbh & Co. Kg | Grinding tool, and method for producing such a grinding tool |
BR102016005744A2 (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2017-09-19 | Henrique Messias José | RAPID CONNECTION DEVICE FOR THE SANDS APPLIED ON ROTARY AXLE |
CH712558B1 (en) | 2016-06-01 | 2020-12-30 | Airtec Ag | Carrier disc for a soil cultivation machine and method for removing dirt and dust with a soil cultivation machine. |
TWI595965B (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-08-21 | Super Master Developing Co Ltd | Abrasive pieces |
FI20175800A1 (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2019-03-09 | Mirka Ltd | A backing pad arrangement for an abrading system, and the abrading system |
DE102018008920A1 (en) | 2018-11-13 | 2020-05-14 | Hochschule Trier | Disc-shaped tool and method for machining workpieces, cutting device and use of a cutting, grinding and polishing disc to produce a surface structure on a workpiece |
DE202018005258U1 (en) | 2018-11-13 | 2019-01-10 | Hochschule Trier | Disk-shaped tool for machining workpieces, separating device and use of a separating, grinding and polishing disc for producing a surface structure on a workpiece |
US11685016B2 (en) | 2019-08-26 | 2023-06-27 | Lake Country Tool, Llc | Cooling device for a rotating polishing disk |
KR102182704B1 (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-11-25 | 주식회사 르본인터내셔널 | A lapping process for precise and rapid lapping |
USD978936S1 (en) | 2020-06-25 | 2023-02-21 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Floor edger sanding disc |
USD978934S1 (en) | 2020-06-25 | 2023-02-21 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Floor edger sanding disc |
USD978937S1 (en) | 2020-06-25 | 2023-02-21 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Floor edger sanding disc |
USD978935S1 (en) | 2020-06-25 | 2023-02-21 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Floor edger sanding disc |
CN114871938B (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2023-03-28 | 浙江工业大学 | Wing type self-suspension grinding disc |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2633680A (en) * | 1948-10-20 | 1953-04-07 | Goldberg Samuel | Self-cooling buffing wheel |
WO1995029788A1 (en) * | 1994-05-03 | 1995-11-09 | Norton Company | Accessory for an angle grinder |
Family Cites Families (40)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR791127A (en) * | 1937-01-22 | 1935-12-04 | Improvements to wireless telegraphy broadcasters | |
US2749681A (en) * | 1952-12-31 | 1956-06-12 | Stephen U Sohne A | Grinding disc |
US3191351A (en) * | 1963-04-29 | 1965-06-29 | Louis A Balz | Ice drill sharpener |
US4021969A (en) * | 1976-03-01 | 1977-05-10 | Davis Jr James R | Observable workpiece abrading machine |
US4188755A (en) * | 1978-04-19 | 1980-02-19 | Ex-Cell-O Corporation | Expandable abrading tool and abrasive insert and washers thereof |
JPS5593457U (en) * | 1978-12-25 | 1980-06-28 | ||
DE3136402A1 (en) * | 1981-09-14 | 1983-03-24 | Werner Gerhard 6113 Babenhausen Lang | DRILL GRINDING MACHINE |
JPS5844165U (en) * | 1981-09-19 | 1983-03-24 | 小澤 嘉之 | Polishing tool with a peephole |
JPS5880164U (en) * | 1981-11-21 | 1983-05-31 | 小澤 嘉之 | A polishing machine with a peephole that allows you to check the polishing area while polishing. |
JPS5942855U (en) * | 1982-09-08 | 1984-03-21 | 株式会社三興技研 | Polishing buff |
JPS59142059A (en) * | 1983-01-28 | 1984-08-15 | Nec Corp | Surface polishing |
AU558077B2 (en) * | 1984-04-03 | 1987-01-15 | Krohne Messtechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Shut off and regulation member for conduits and the like witha slide-like closing part |
JPS61152375A (en) * | 1984-12-26 | 1986-07-11 | Nippon Kouzou Kk | Rotary cutting blade |
JPS61192475A (en) * | 1985-02-22 | 1986-08-27 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Tool for polishing substrate |
DE3516411A1 (en) * | 1985-05-07 | 1986-11-13 | Plasmainvent AG, Zug | COATING OF AN IMPLANT BODY |
JPS6348811A (en) * | 1986-08-19 | 1988-03-01 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Power distributor |
US5605501A (en) * | 1986-09-08 | 1997-02-25 | Wiand; Ronald C. | Lens surfacing pad with improved attachment to tool |
JPH078135Y2 (en) * | 1988-06-28 | 1995-03-01 | 株式会社サンク理研工業 | Rotary grinding wheel |
JPH0278252U (en) * | 1988-12-05 | 1990-06-15 | ||
JP2711469B2 (en) * | 1989-03-21 | 1998-02-10 | ロデール・ニッタ株式会社 | Abrasive cloth and its curing method |
JP2846358B2 (en) * | 1989-09-05 | 1999-01-13 | 日本ミクロコーティング株式会社 | Polishing sheet and method for producing the same |
JPH049207A (en) * | 1990-04-27 | 1992-01-14 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Control method of bend and wedge of rolled stock in hot rough rolling and hot rough rolling equipment |
AU2877292A (en) * | 1991-11-02 | 1993-06-07 | Hans J. Fabritius | Machining disc arrangement |
JP2613147B2 (en) * | 1991-12-15 | 1997-05-21 | 広海 西川 | Bowl-shaped polished disc and method for producing the same |
JPH05269672A (en) * | 1992-03-23 | 1993-10-19 | Sony Corp | Flexible polishing disk |
JPH0667441A (en) * | 1992-08-13 | 1994-03-11 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Electrophotographic sensitive body and treatment of non-cut aluminum pipe for use as conductive base body for the body |
JPH0699360A (en) * | 1992-09-18 | 1994-04-12 | T D R:Kk | Grinding wheel holder and assembly unit thereof for surface grinder |
JPH0680552U (en) * | 1993-04-23 | 1994-11-15 | セントラル硝子株式会社 | Whetstone for chamfering glass plate |
JPH0724727A (en) * | 1993-07-02 | 1995-01-27 | Asahi Kinzoku Kogyo Kk | Polished piece setting jig and setting method |
US5429687A (en) * | 1994-01-03 | 1995-07-04 | Ateliers Thome-Genot | Process for manufacturing alternator pole piece |
AU692828B2 (en) * | 1994-01-13 | 1998-06-18 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasive article, method of making same, and abrading apparatus |
IT1273769B (en) * | 1994-02-15 | 1997-07-10 | Catalfer S N C Di Catalfamo Gi | SYSTEM FOR THE SIDE FIXING OF THE ROTARY SANDING MACHINES TO THE INTERCHANGEABLE ABRASIVE DISCS |
CN1141015A (en) * | 1994-02-22 | 1997-01-22 | 美国3M公司 | Coated abrasives and methods of making same |
JPH07314302A (en) * | 1994-05-23 | 1995-12-05 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Polishing method of hard wafer and device thereof |
KR0175176B1 (en) * | 1994-09-16 | 1999-02-18 | 하라 데라오 | Blade and method of manufacturing the same |
US6007415A (en) * | 1995-12-08 | 1999-12-28 | Norton Company | Sanding disks |
US5807161A (en) * | 1996-03-15 | 1998-09-15 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Reversible back-up pad |
US6203416B1 (en) * | 1998-09-10 | 2001-03-20 | Atock Co., Ltd. | Outer-diameter blade, inner-diameter blade, core drill and processing machines using same ones |
US6159089A (en) * | 1998-12-16 | 2000-12-12 | Norton Company | Grinding system |
US6077156A (en) * | 1998-12-16 | 2000-06-20 | Norton Company | Grinding disc |
-
1996
- 1996-11-21 AU AU11242/97A patent/AU699881B2/en not_active Expired
- 1996-11-21 CA CA002238718A patent/CA2238718C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-11-21 KR KR1019980704215A patent/KR100329307B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-11-21 DK DK96942067T patent/DK0874717T3/en active
- 1996-11-21 BR BRPI9611910-1A patent/BR9611910B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-11-21 WO PCT/US1996/018927 patent/WO1997021520A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-11-21 DE DE69635133T patent/DE69635133T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-11-21 JP JP52205797A patent/JP3479083B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-11-21 EP EP96942067A patent/EP0874717B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-11-21 AT AT96942067T patent/ATE303232T1/en active
- 1996-11-21 ES ES96942067T patent/ES2248824T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-02 EP EP98202730A patent/EP0882551B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-02 EP EP96943551A patent/EP0868262B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-02 KR KR1019980705670A patent/KR100329308B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-12-02 ES ES98202730T patent/ES2218755T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-02 CA CA002368060A patent/CA2368060C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-12-02 JP JP9520781A patent/JPH11514590A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-12-02 WO PCT/US1996/019191 patent/WO1997021521A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-12-02 DE DE69611764T patent/DE69611764T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-02 KR KR1019980704214A patent/KR100329306B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-12-02 ES ES96943551T patent/ES2157480T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-02 AU AU12767/97A patent/AU699466B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-12-02 AT AT96943551T patent/ATE199071T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-12-02 AT AT98202730T patent/ATE263658T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-12-02 BR BR9611924A patent/BR9611924A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-12-02 CA CA002238714A patent/CA2238714C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-02 DK DK98202730T patent/DK0882551T3/en active
- 1996-12-02 DE DE69632154T patent/DE69632154T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-02 DK DK96943551T patent/DK0868262T3/en active
-
1997
- 1997-06-17 TW TW086108439A patent/TW393385B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-06-17 TW TW086108437A patent/TW518268B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1998
- 1998-06-05 MX MX9804546A patent/MX9804546A/en unknown
- 1998-06-05 MX MX9804545A patent/MX9804545A/en unknown
- 1998-08-24 AU AU81843/98A patent/AU702959B2/en not_active Ceased
-
1999
- 1999-01-28 JP JP11019782A patent/JPH11267977A/en active Pending
-
2000
- 2000-02-04 US US09/498,427 patent/US6312325B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-05-08 JP JP2002133142A patent/JP4287093B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-08-09 JP JP2002232904A patent/JP2003062760A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-10-15 JP JP2002299889A patent/JP2003159657A/en active Pending
-
2003
- 2003-07-31 JP JP2003204833A patent/JP3866695B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-10-03 JP JP2007259590A patent/JP4668969B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2633680A (en) * | 1948-10-20 | 1953-04-07 | Goldberg Samuel | Self-cooling buffing wheel |
WO1995029788A1 (en) * | 1994-05-03 | 1995-11-09 | Norton Company | Accessory for an angle grinder |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2332162B (en) * | 1997-12-12 | 2002-09-18 | Simon Henry Jordan | Grinding disc |
GB2333256B (en) * | 1998-01-14 | 2000-08-23 | Norton Co | Disk locking device |
GB2333256A (en) * | 1998-01-14 | 1999-07-21 | Norton Co | Disk locking device. |
US6077156A (en) * | 1998-12-16 | 2000-06-20 | Norton Company | Grinding disc |
JP2011173238A (en) * | 1999-04-30 | 2011-09-08 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives Inc | Improved grinding system |
JP2005118987A (en) * | 1999-04-30 | 2005-05-12 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives Inc | Improved grinding system |
CZ300299B6 (en) * | 1999-06-03 | 2009-04-15 | Norton Company | Improved backup pad for rotary grinding tool |
WO2010051964A1 (en) * | 2008-11-04 | 2010-05-14 | C. & E. Fein Gmbh & Co. | Ceiling grinder |
US8591292B2 (en) | 2008-11-04 | 2013-11-26 | Kai Roscher | Ceiling grinder |
DE202013010146U1 (en) | 2013-11-11 | 2013-11-26 | Dipl.-Ing. Günter Wendt GmbH | Improved vulcanized fiber grinding tool |
DE202014003278U1 (en) | 2013-11-11 | 2014-07-09 | Dipl.-Ing. Günter Wendt GmbH | Vulcanized fiber grinding tool |
DE102014005672A1 (en) | 2013-11-11 | 2015-05-13 | Dipl.-Ing. Günter Wendt GmbH | Vulcanized fiber grinding tool |
DE102013017962A1 (en) | 2013-11-11 | 2015-05-13 | Dipl.-Ing. Günter Wendt GmbH | Improved vulcanized fiber grinding tool |
WO2015067377A1 (en) | 2013-11-11 | 2015-05-14 | Dipl.-Ing. Günter Wendt GmbH | Vulcanized fiber grinding tool |
US10046439B2 (en) | 2013-11-11 | 2018-08-14 | Dipl.-Ing. Guenter Wendt Gmbh | Vulcanized fiber grinding tool |
Also Published As
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0882551B1 (en) | Sanding disks | |
US6007415A (en) | Sanding disks | |
US6368199B1 (en) | Backing plates for abrasive disks | |
JPH11510107A (en) | Grinding wheel disc holding plate | |
AU675753B2 (en) | Accessory for an angle grinder | |
AU695973B2 (en) | Accessories and attachments for angle grinder |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AU BR CA JP KR MX US |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE |
|
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2238714 Country of ref document: CA Ref document number: 2238714 Country of ref document: CA Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 09077377 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1996943551 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1019980704214 Country of ref document: KR Ref document number: PA/A/1998/004546 Country of ref document: MX |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 1997 520781 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1996943551 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1019980704214 Country of ref document: KR |
|
WWG | Wipo information: grant in national office |
Ref document number: 1996943551 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWG | Wipo information: grant in national office |
Ref document number: 1019980704214 Country of ref document: KR |