WO1997018374A1

WO1997018374A1 - Prefabricated window unit

Info

Publication number: WO1997018374A1
Application number: PCT/EP1996/005034
Authority: WO
Inventors: Manfred Liebert; Konrad Wetzstein
Original assignee: Ziegelei Gersthofen Az Baukeramik Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority date: 1995-11-15
Filing date: 1996-11-15
Publication date: 1997-05-22
Also published as: DE19542515A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a prefabricated window unit comprising bricks for installation on-site which has a window or sill panel (1) comprising adjacent flat tiles (2) open at the top initially in the shape of a groove and fastened by adhesion to each other and integrally cast pillars of bricks mounted at each end (4, 5) of the window and sill panel (1) and comprising bricks fastened by adhesion to each other. Said prefabricated window unit also has a lintel or shutter box (11) fastened by adhesion and mounted at the tops (9, 10) of said brick pillars. On one side, one or a plurality of U-shaped reinforcements (13) is arranged and cast, with the transverse members (12) thereof, in the groove(s) (3) of the window or sill panel (1) and with the longitudinal members (12') thereof in openings (14), aligned with each other, in the bricks (15) of the pillars (7, 8), and on the other side, rod reinforcements (16) traversing openings of the ends (17) of the lintel (11) are also arranged and cast in the openings (14) of the brick pillars (7, 8) parallel to the longitudinal members (12').

Description

F E N S T E R F E R T I G E L E M E N T

The invention relates to a window element made of bricks for installation on site.

From the German patent application DE-OS 41 26 132 wall elements made of bricks are already known, which can be transported from the manufacturing site to the construction site and installed there. Window cavities are also provided in these prefabricated wall elements. So far, however, it has not yet been possible to produce prefabricated elements of this type from bricks which only consist of the bricks surrounding the window cavity; instead, additional massive wall parts have always been required in order to ensure the required stability in terms of transport and installation.

The object on which the invention is based is seen in creating a prefabricated window element which also does without additional stiffening, solid wall parts.

This object is achieved, according to the invention, by a window or threshold board made of flat bricks arranged next to one another, glued to one another and initially open in the shape of a groove, by means of brick columns attached to and cast on at the respective ends of the window board

ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS glued bricks, and by a lintel or roller shutter box placed and glued to the upper ends of the brick columns, on the one hand one or more U-shaped reinforcements with their cross bars in the groove or the grooves of the window or threshold board and with their longitudinal bars in one another aligned openings in the bricks of the brick columns, and on the other hand rod reinforcements passing through openings in the ends of the lintel are also arranged and cast in the openings in the brick columns parallel to the longitudinal webs.

This construction has proven to be sufficiently stable to be transported and installed on site. Transport loops are expediently attached to the upper ends of the rod reinforcements, preferably by means of clamping sleeves.

The lintel or the roller shutter box is also advantageously glued or mortared to the upper ends of the brick columns.

In a preferred embodiment of the prefabricated window element according to the invention, the upper ends of the brick column for receiving the ends of the lintel or roller shutter box are cut out, the respective connection likewise being an adhesive or mortar connection.

Furthermore, the end faces of the ends of the lintel or roller shutter box can have armored end plates which are angled at the top for resting on the ends of the brick pillars and have openings which are flush with the perforations of the brick pillars and through which the rod reinforcements extend. It is understood that the inventive window prefabricated elements may also have a height which essentially corresponds to the _j eweiligen space height, for example for the installation of windows. Such a prefabricated window element of essentially room height can also, instead of being intended for the insertion of a French window, between the threshold board and the brick columns, also made of bricks, with a cross-sectionally U-shaped niche body consisting of a wall area and two corner areas for later accommodation of a radiator or the like below the window, this niche body also has openings which are aligned with the openings in the brick columns and possibly in the lintel or roller shutter box and in which the correspondingly extended reinforcements then run.

Such a niche body can be constructed in its corner areas using angled bricks, one leg of which corresponds in cross section to the cross section of the brick used for the brick columns, while the other leg of an angular brick is assigned to the wall area of the niche body and each has different lengths has the offset dimension of the normal shape, remaining bricks of the wall area.

The bricks forming the brick pillars can also have a bevel on their inner sides to form the so-called reveal, in order to enable the window or the door to be opened by 90 ° in the case of upper round arch, branch arch or segment arch closures. For this purpose, the bricks forming the brick columns can also have continuous approaches from top to bottom for forming a stop for the window frame. A preferred method for producing a prefabricated window element, in particular of the type described, has the following steps:

a) Manufacture of a window or threshold board by gluing individual bricks with aligned grooves on their top, b) inserting the crossbars of U-shaped reinforcements into the grooves of the window or threshold board, c) grouting the grooves with concrete, mortar or Adhesive mortar, d) placing of brick pillars also produced by gluing and imports of the longitudinal webs of the U-shaped reinforcements into openings of the same in the longitudinal direction of the brick pillars and gluing of the lower pillars

Ends of the brick pillars on the window or threshold board, e) placing a lintel or roller shutter box glued from individual bricks and gluing the ends of the same to the brick pillars, f) importing rod reinforcements through the ends of the lintel or roller shutter box into the openings in the brick pillars , and g) Casting the breakthroughs of the lintel and brick columns with the longitudinal bars and rod reinforcements arranged therein.

If a niche element is used, then the niche element is first manufactured and placed and glued into the openings in the corner areas on the window or threshold board by introducing the longitudinal webs, and then the brick columns are then placed on the niche element and glued. Basically, the window prefabricated elements according to the invention can be walled up in the usual way from the bottom up or m individual parts (eg window pillars, niche bodies) and then built up progressively from bottom to top on the window or threshold board. On the other hand, it is also possible and within the scope of the invention to assemble the window prefabricated elements according to the invention horizontally, since the gluing or mortaring of bricks naturally has no difficulties in width. However, pouring, which is mentioned several times, is also readily possible in this position, anchor concrete being expediently used, since the casting compound or the anchor concrete can be pressed by means of pumps. For this reason it is also possible to work horizontally instead of vertically.

The transport loops mentioned are, after the assembly of a window prefabricated element, as stated expediently by means of clamping sleeves, fastened to the rod reinforcements protruding from the top of the window prefabricated element. In the transport phase, these clamping sleeves expediently hold the end plates glued to the lintels or roller shutter box by contacting their angled edge areas resting on the upper sides of the brick columns.

Instead of attaching the transport loops to the ends of the reinforcements, the loops can also be attached to additional structural steels, of which, for example, two pieces can be cast together with the reinforcements on the tops of the prefabricated window elements after insertion into the openings. It goes without saying that a lintel does not necessarily have to run horizontally, but can also be arched in order to enable the installation of arched windows. This is entirely within the scope of the invention and is only a matter of the correspondingly stable design of the lintel itself.

The invention and its advantageous embodiments are explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing.

It shows:

1 shows a first embodiment of a prefabricated window element in a diagrammatic view;

FIG. 2 shows an exploded view of the essential elements of the window prefabricated element according to FIG. 1;

Fig. 3 is a section along the line A-A in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a section along the line B-B in Fig. 1;

5 shows a view corresponding to FIG. 1 of a second embodiment of a prefabricated window element according to the invention;

FIG. 6 shows a view corresponding to FIG. 2 of the prefabricated window element according to FIG. 5;

Fig. 7 is a section along the line A.-A, in Fig. 5; 8 shows a section along the line ^B r ^B ι in FIG

The first embodiment of a prefabricated window element according to the invention shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 is the edging of a normal window in a square or rectangular shape, which is usually arranged within a wall at a height of hip height. Instead of leaving a corresponding cutout in a wall to be installed on site, a window prefabricated element made of bricks, which is delivered from the factory to the construction site, is inserted into the wall. This is done, for example, in that the wall into which the prefabricated window element is to be inserted is pulled up to the desired height, whereupon the prefabricated window element is put on and the walls to the right and left of the prefabricated window element are subsequently bricked up.

The window prefabricated element shown for installation on site has a window or threshold board 1 made of flat tiles 2 arranged next to one another, glued to one another and initially groove-shaped upwards. In the example shown, three grooves 3 can be seen, which are caused by the mounting of six flat tiles 2 on the other side with correspondingly aligned individual grooves.

At the respective ends 4, 5 of the window or threshold board 1, two brick columns 7, 8 are placed and cast on. On the upper ends 9, 10 of these brick columns 7, 8, a lintel or in this case a roller shutter box 11 is placed and glued. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, a U-shaped reinforcement 13 with its transverse webs 12 is arranged in each of the two outer or edge grooves 3a, 3b of the window or threshold board 1. Furthermore, it can be seen in connection with FIG. 1 that the longitudinal webs 12 'of these U-shaped reinforcements 13 are arranged in mutually aligned openings 14 in the bricks 15 of the brick columns 7, 8. Furthermore, rod reinforcements 16, which pass through openings 17 in the lintel or roller shutter box 11, are also arranged in the openings 14 of the brick columns 7, 8 parallel to the longitudinal webs 12 'and cast with them, by means of casting material 18, which, as shown in FIG. 3 4 and 4 show, in the respective grooves 3a, 3b of the window or threshold board 1, the transverse webs 12 of the U-shaped reinforcements 13 located therein, which can be seen in FIG. 4, are hidden.

Transport loops 19 are fastened to the respective upper ends of the rod reinforcements 16, preferably by means of clamping sleeves 20. These transport loops 19 serve after completion of the window prefabricated element, thus after the casting compound 18 has hardened in the form of adhesive, mortar, concrete or adhesive mortar, or by means of a crane or the like.

In the preferred embodiment shown, the upper ends 9 of the brick columns 7, 8 are cut out to accommodate the ends 17 of the lintel or roller shutter box 11, the respective connection between the ends also being an adhesive or mortar connection. 2 shows particularly clearly the cutouts 25 at the upper ends 9 of the brick columns 7, 8, into which the ends 21 of the roller shutter box 11 are inserted or are already used in Fig. 1.

Furthermore, as shown here (Fig. 2), the end faces 21 of the ends 17 of the lintel or roller shutter box 11 have glued end plates 22, which are angled at the top for resting on the ends 9 of the brick columns 7, 8 and with the openings 14 in Brick columns 7, 8 have aligned openings 23 through which the rod reinforcements 16 extend. From Fig. 4 it is clear that in this embodiment, a roller shutter box is actually used as a lintel. This roller shutter box 11 has an insulation molded onto the inside of the building outer wall of the roller shutter box 11 for insulation purposes. With regard to the design of the roller shutter box 11, it is also noted that the end plates 22 already mentioned have a bearing, not shown in detail, for the shaft of the roller shutter, also not shown exhibit.

The window or threshold board can also advantageously have insulation 6, e.g. in the middle of the three existing grooves 3, as shown in Fig. 4.

It goes without saying that this structure described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 can also be used for vertical window prefabricated elements, such as are required for French windows, the window prefabricated element naturally being designed to be approximately room-high. In this case, the window sill 1 practically becomes the threshold board.

The second embodiment according to FIGS. 5 to 8 shows a special case of a prefabricated window element at essentially room height. In these figures, FIGS matching or comparable elements used the same reference numerals.

In this second embodiment, between the sleeper board 11 and the brick columns 7, 8 corresponding to the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 4, there is also a brick-shaped, cross-sectionally (see FIG. 7) U-shaped niche body 26 comprising a niche area 27 and two Corner areas 28, 29 arranged for later accommodation of a radiator or the like, not shown. This niche body 26 has openings 31 which correspond to the openings 14 in the brick columns 7, 8 and are aligned with both the latter and with the openings 23 in the lintel or roller shutter box 11 and in which the correspondingly lengthened reinforcements run, namely the longitudinal webs 12 ' . In the area of the brick columns 7, 8, the rod reinforcements 16 then run in parallel (FIG. 7).

Advantageously, the niche body 26 m in its corner regions 30 can be constructed using angled bricks, the cross-section of each leg of which corresponds to the cross section of the bricks 15 used for the brick columns 7, 8. The respective other leg of an angle tile is naturally assigned to the niche area of the niche body 26 and then has different lengths corresponding to the offset dimension of the remaining tiles 32 of the niche area which have the usual dimensions. This reduces the number of joints in the corner area and thus the number of cold bridges.

In a manner not shown, the bricks 15 forming the brick columns 7, 8 can be chamfered on their inner sides Form a soffit or have top-down approaches for the formation of attacks.

In the manufacture of a prefabricated window element according to the first embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 4, the procedure is advantageously such that the window or threshold board is first produced by gluing the individual tiles provided with aligned grooves on their top side, abutting one another laterally. Then the crossbars 12 of the U-shaped reinforcements 13 are inserted into the grooves 3 of the window or threshold board 1, whereupon these grooves are poured with mortar or concrete or adhesive mortar. The brick columns 7, 8 are also produced by gluing their individual bricks and, after the introduction of the longitudinal webs 12 'of the U-shaped reinforcements 13 into the openings 14 aligned with one another, are placed and glued with their lower ends on the window or threshold board 1.

Then the lintel or roller shutter box 11, which is glued from individual bricks, is placed and the ends 17 of the same are glued to the brick columns 7, 8, and the rod reinforcements 16 are inserted through the ends 17 of the lintel or roller shutter box 11 into the openings 14 in the brick columns 7 , 8 and finally the pouring of the openings 14 and 23 of brick columns 7, 8 and lintel or roller shutter box 11 with the longitudinal webs 12 'and rod reinforcements 16 arranged therein by means of adhesive, mortar, concrete or adhesive mortar.

The same procedure is followed in the production of the second embodiment, except that there is initially that Niche element 26 is produced and inserted into its openings 31 in the openings 31 'on the window or threshold board 1 and glued there, and that the brick columns 7, 8 are then placed on the niche element 26 and glued. Otherwise, as stated, the construction can be carried out in the same way as in the first embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 4, see the previous description.

In view of the fact that the casting of the reinforcements can also be accomplished by means of pressure pumps, the production does not necessarily have to take place standing, but it can also be done on the plane, i.e. lying or horizontally.

Claims

EXPECTATIONS

1.

Prefabricated window element made of bricks for on-site installation, characterized by a window or threshold board (1) made of flat bricks (2) which are arranged next to one another, glued to one another and initially groove-shaped upwards, through at the respective ends (4, 5) of the window or Shaft boards (1) placed and cast on brick columns made of bricks glued together, and by a lintel or roller shutter box (11) placed and glued to the upper ends (9, 10), one or more U-shaped reinforcements (13) with their Transverse webs (12) in the groove or the grooves (3) of the window or threshold board (1) and with their longitudinal webs (12 ') in aligned openings (14) in the bricks (15) of the brick columns (7, 8), and on the other hand rod reinforcements (16) passing through openings in the ends (17) of the lintel (11) are also arranged in the openings (14) of the brick columns (7, 8) parallel to the longitudinal webs (12 ') and therein v are poured out.

Second

Prefabricated window element according to claim 1, characterized in that transport loops (19) are attached to the upper ends of the rod reinforcements (16), preferably by means of clamping sleeves (20).

Third

Prefabricated window element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lintel or roller shutter box (11) with the upper ends (9) of the brick columns (7, 8) is glued or mortared.

4th

Prefabricated window element according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the upper ends (9) of the brick columns (7, 8) for receiving the ends (17) of the lintel or roller shutter box (11) are cut out (25) and the respective connection is also an adhesive or mortar connection.

5th

Prefabricated window element according to Claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the end faces (21) of the ends (17) of the lintel or roller shutter box (11) have glued end plates (24) which rest on top of the ends (9). the brick columns (7, 8) are angled and have openings (23) aligned with the openings (14) in the brick columns (7, 8), through which the rod reinforcements (16) extend.

6th

Prefabricated window element at essentially room height according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the threshold board (1) and the brick columns (7, 8) a niche body (26) which is also made of bricks and has a U-shaped cross section and a niche area (27). and two corner areas (28, 29) for later accommodating a radiator or the like is arranged below the window, and that this niche body (26) also has openings which align with the openings (14) in the brick columns (7, 8) and, if necessary, in the lintel or roller shutter box (11) and in which the correspondingly extended reinforcements run.

7th

Prefabricated window element according to claim 6, characterized in that the niche body (26) is constructed in its corner regions (30) using angled bricks, each of which has a cross-section of the cross-section of the bricks (15) used for the brick columns (7, 8). corresponds.

8th.

Prefabricated window element according to claim 7, characterized in that the respective other leg of an angle brick is assigned to the wall area of the niche body (26), which leg can have different lengths corresponding to the offset dimension of the normal shape, remaining bricks (32) of the niche area.

9th

Prefabricated window element according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that the bricks (15) forming the brick columns (7, 8) have a bevel on their inner sides to form the so-called squinting or continuous approaches from top to bottom to form stops for a window frame.

10th

A method for producing a prefabricated window element in particular according to claim 1, characterized by the following

Steps:

a Manufacture of a window or threshold board (1) by gluing the top of the individual tiles (2) provided with aligned grooves, b) inserting the crossbars (12) U-shaped reinforcements (13) into the grooves (3a, 3b) and one Insulation (6) in the central groove (3) of the window or threshold board (1), c) grouting the grooves (3a, 3b) with concrete, mortar or adhesive mortar, d) placing brick columns (7, 8) and inserting the longitudinal webs (12 ') of the U-shaped reinforcements (13) into openings (14) aligned in the longitudinal direction of the brick columns and gluing the lower ends of the brick columns (7, 8) onto the window or threshold board (1 ), e) placing a lintel or roller shutter box (11) glued from individual bricks and gluing the ends (17) of the same to the brick columns (7,8), f) inserting bar reinforcements (16) through the ends (17) of the lintel or Roller shutter box (11) into the openings (14) in the brick pillars (7,8), and g) casting the openings (14, 23) from falling or

Roller shutter box (11) and brick columns (7, 8) with the longitudinal webs (12 ') and rod reinforcements (16) arranged therein using adhesive, mortar, adhesive mortar or concrete.

11th

Method according to claim 10 for the manufacture of a prefabricated window element according to claim 6, characterized in that first the niche element (26) is produced and, with the introduction of the longitudinal webs (12 *) into its openings (31), placed on the window or threshold board (1) and glued is, and that the brick columns (7,8) are then placed on the niche element (26) and glued.