WO1997015171A9

WO1997015171A9 - Electrical resistance heating for air conditioning in dwellings and buildings

Info

Publication number: WO1997015171A9
Application number: PCT/DE1996/001941
Authority: WO
Filing date: 1996-10-11
Publication date: 1997-08-14

Abstract

The objective of the invention is an electrical resistance heating system with an electrically conducting heating layer capable of being heated by electric current, consisting of a mixture of graphite particles and hardenable binder and capable of being operated at a minimal surface temperature. According to the invention, the mixture which forms a heating layer (11) is composed of graphite particles and a water-dilutable binder and can be applied directly to a moisture-absorbent support panel by painting, spraying, screen printing or the like in such a way that the surface load in relation to the electrical heat output of the heating layer (11) is 20 to 60 W/m2; the support panel in an underfloor heating system has a conventional sandwich plaster board (2), a composite board or a load-distributing layer (204) with a backing heat-insulating layer (4) and suitable for interior finishing. The field of application for the invention is air conditioning in dwellings and buildings, with a homogeneous heat radiation field which can prevent forced convection of the air in a room.

Description

Electrical resistance heating for room air conditioning in homes and buildings

The invention relates to an electrical resistance heating for air conditioning in homes and buildings using a heatable by electricity electrically conductive heating layer, consisting of a mixture of with a curable

Binder offset graphite particles, wherein on two parallel opposite sides of the heating layer metallic strip-shaped power supply electrodes are provided

It has been shown that the windows used today in construction with high thermal and acoustic insulation close up to 25 times more tightly than the window, the installation of which lags a long time ago. In older windows, the Fugenliiftung replaced several cubic meters of air per hour In rooms with modern windows, however, the humidity due to the constant release of water vapor by humans can rise to high levels and cause a moisture accumulation. As a result, moisture damage such as mildew and To observe mold growth on the walls. This is due to the temperature inhomogeneities of the enclosure surfaces in general and the walls in particular, and the fact that the surface temperature of the enclosure surfaces is lower than the air temperature of the room on cooler walls, especially therefore on the outer walls, and in lateral wall areas and the floor with less air circulation, beats down at high water vapor saturation of the water vapor present in the dew point as dew water, because the saturation amount is lower at lower temperature

Constant opening and closing of the windows to replace the humidity present in the rooms is associated with significant losses of heating energy, especially in the cold season, because the air was heated due to the cooler Umschließungsflächen to temperatures whose values are above the sensation temperature of the people

This problem can become known from the prior art

Surface heating elements, which use an electrically conductive layer which can be heated by electricity, do not do justice to surface radiators, for example in the form of heating wallpapers, heating elements consisting of wires or printed conductors are used, which are usually laid mäanclerförmig so that the heating resistors can have a sufficiently large length. In the international patent application PCT WO 94/14012, for example, a wall-element-based wall heating is described, which is equipped for the purpose of improving the indoor climate with a arranged between the wall and the heating reflective layer.

As a disadvantage in general is to be mentioned in this context that by a circulating air heating essential parts of the room air have a higher temperature level compared to the other parts that are not in the immediate vicinity of the heat source. In forced ventilation by opening a casement but in a room, the warmer air masses are faster exchanged by the action of the physical law of gravity than the colder components, so that as a result, a greater than average heat loss can occur when in the room strong temperature differences due to the position of Radiator are recorded. As a result, the invention aims an electrical resistance heater for

Room air conditioning with a homogeneous heat radiation field, in which a forced convection of the room air can be avoided.

Are known further described in DE Patent Specification 15 65 352 wallpaper heaters with a heating foil of electrically conductive plastic with located on opposite edges power supply, the only with considerable effort to different

Energy ranges are adjustable. In the case of recesses in the walls to be heated, the adaptation to the local conditions in most cases causes problems, so that these heaters could not prevail in practice. The same applies to the Heiztapeten, which have individual juxtaposed heating wires. In the German utility model with the roll number G 92 15 471 metallic terminal strips are provided for connecting Heiztapeten and the heating wires with each other, which overlap the interfaces between the individual wallpaper sections. By appropriate design of the nip to form fine saw teeth secure contact of the power supply electrodes is made with the individual heating wires. The disadvantage is that the terminal strips from the plane of the wall surface emerge sublime and are to be designed for this reason according to the design of the wallpaper surface. As a result, a large number of different Keep terminal strips in stock. Therefore, the use of corresponding terminal strips in a large number of different wallpapers is uneconomical.

In addition, such built with strip heaters heating films are less suitable for underfloor heating. Such strassenformig constructed heating cables and heating foils require in a similar manner, as in heated with pipes and hot water floors, at certain areas measures to avoid hot spots in the floor. For intersecting electrical conductors, the conductive cross-section of the aluminum foil must be increased at each crossing point for this reason. Otherwise, a recess in the heating system is provided in such places where a heat build-up is to be feared by erecting furniture or the like, so that a local overheating of the floor can be avoided.

When heated with piping floor structures is known in practice that when a built-in Heizestrich a surface temperature of 33 degrees plus must not be exceeded. However, heat accumulation through furniture and the like can lead to a much higher surface temperature. As a result, the tread can become detached and be damaged by cracking. For this reason, low surface temperatures are imperative so that heated floor constructions with tiled, natural stone or cast stone coverings remain without damage (IRB Literature Selection No. 1540, "Damage to heated floors" , 3rd edition 1992, page 22 et seq.) If, during the laying of ceramic tiles in the mortar bed, the laying mortar is not frictionally connected to the substrate, the composite system consisting of the mortar bed and the tiles can freely deform and buckle as soon as thermal length changes occur Material layers occur by the computational elongation of the screed is twice the tiling.

The object of the invention is an electrical resistance heating using a heatable by electricity electrically conductive heating layer, which is operable for room air conditioning in homes and buildings with a minimum surface temperature.

ERSÄTZBUTT (RULE 26) According to the invention the object is achieved in an electrical resistance heating in that a heating layer is formed from a mixture based on graphite particles and a water-dilutable binder, which can be applied by brushing, spraying, screen printing or the like directly on a moisture-absorbing carrier plate such that the surface load based on the electrical heating power of the heating layer amounts to 20 to 60 W / m ² , wherein the support plate is in particular a conventional interior fitting suitable, provided on the back with a thermal insulation layer plasterboard. Such resistance heating is feasible in the first place inexpensive and relatively simple means, because as a support plate can find a commercial plasterboard use and also require the other components and the processing of a small effort

The use of a plasterboard as an immediate support plate for an electrically operated resistance heating has not yet become known, since the gypsum seen over a longer period can not be charged with the high temperatures of a conventional resistance heating. This is due to the extremely low surface load based on the heating capacity into account The resulting surface temperature is proven by tests of the Applicants only 3 to 5 K, on average 4 K above the desired air temperature of the room to be heated. A prerequisite for this is the on the back of the Gypsum board provided thermal insulation, which does not allow a flowing from the heating layer in the outer wall heat flow

A development of the invention directed to covering a part of a prefabricated house inner wall, which has a large-scale plasterboard, which is provided on two parallel sides with band-shaped metallic Stromzufuhrungselektroden to cover with the heating layer, which is especially to be considered in a low-energy house Here, the surface load of Heating layer to 20 W / m ^{2 are} lowered

For retrofitting in existing buildings or in old buildings, a plasterboard one-man plate provided on the back with a thermal insulation layer is provided for subsequent installation, which is coated on the front with the heating layer such that the total resistance, measured between the Stromzufuhrungselektroden, about 40 to 120 ohms. With a total resistance of 60 ohms, the heating power of the heating layer in combination with a commercial plasterboard is 40 W / m ² .

Instead of a plasterboard, it is expedient to use a provided with a WärmedämmbaustofF composite board, which is coated on its side view with a building board containing fibers that are embedded in the building board. The fibers embedded in the building panel are preferably used in the manufacture of composite panels to increase the strength of structural panels.

In a particular embodiment of the invention, the building board or the composite board directly from a foam glass, porous plastic produced using foaming agents, artificial stone or expanded clay, wherein the surface of the building board or composite board is smoothed with a pore filler. In this way composite panels are used, which in addition to a lower absorbency have a sufficiently high stability and strength. Compared to a composite building board using plasterboard resulting in the area of the viewing surfaces consequently more or less sharp edges that can already facilitate grouting in itself.

According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the grouting and smoothing of the terminals can be formally omitted if the composite panels have tongue and groove and are vulnerable during installation. By assembling a plurality of composite panels, which are rounded by tongue and groove, to form a wall made of prefabricated composite components coated with an electrically conductive heating layer, a flat and uniform heating surface is obtained which is particularly well suited for air conditioning of rooms in apartments and buildings.

In the preparation of the heating layer, it is expedient according to a further embodiment of the invention that water glass is used as a binder for the graphite particles. Water glass is a relatively inexpensive binder that can be easily diluted with water and applied to a plasterboard by brushing, spraying, screen printing or the like. When using water glass, the heating layer can be used in a particularly advantageous manner in the production of a floor heating The resulting and other advantages and developments of the invention are the subject of dependent claims and the following description of an exemplary embodiment, which is intended to illustrate the invention with reference to drawings

In the accompanying drawings shows

1 shows the interior of a room with a belonging to a low energy house

Side wall and a gable wall, which was built from a conventional masonry,

FIG. 2 shows a cross section through a one-man plate coated with a heating layer

Plasterboard and Figure 3 is a front view of the one-board plasterboard shown in Figure 2, Figure 4 instead of a gypsum board a Verbundbauplatte in front view, Figure 5 is an enlarged view at X of the composite board shown in Figure 1 in cross section and Figure 6 two composite panels before assembly at Detail X Figure 7 shows a floor heating system with a bound substructure and Figure 8 shows a drywall floor construction with underfloor heating in a schematic representation

Fig. 1 shows a highly schematic of the interior of a room with a right side wall 1, which is provided on the front with large-scale plasterboard 2 arbitrary blank. The gypsum plasterboard 2 are filled in one piece or seamless and sanded. On the reverse side is a massive wood-based panel 3 and as a thermal insulation layer 4 infill with mineral wool mats for thermal insulation and sound insulation In the height of the upper ceiling edge 5, a over the wall length extending Stromzufuhrungselektrode 6 is attached. Depending on the expected current intensity, the current supply electrode 6 consists of a metal strip, of a strip formed of a metal foil, or of a strip of metal color, if the surface heating power is to be selected smaller. A second current supply electrode 6 is at the level of the floor edge 7 Both power supply electrodes 6 are connected in parallel with the upper power supply electrode 6 the ends provided with terminals, which are kontaktieit copper cables 8, which are guided in a cable covering to a busbar or to a operated with a safety extra-low voltage power supply device 9, which can be controlled in a known manner.

On the surface enclosed between the two parallel spaced current supply electrodes 6 is applied a heating layer 11 consisting of a mixture of graphite particles with a water-dilutable binder, in which embodiment water glass is used. Based on the initial volume, the mixing ratio of graphite particles to water glass is 1: 1, in which a very spreadable mass forms, with the front of the plasterboard 2 can be coated in a single application. The application can be carried out with a conventional coating roller or by spraying. A particularly uniform coating can be achieved in that the application of the heating layer 1 1 takes place in the form of a screen printing. In this case, the mixing ratio in favor of the graphite particles can be increased.

However, the variation of the mixing ratios should not exceed 2: 1, because a higher proportion of graphite unnecessarily complicates the application and, ultimately, the resistance built up between the two current supply electrodes 6 can be changed by the thickness of the applied layer. Empirically, the desired resistance values were achieved by brushing in a good approximation with a deviation of 10%.

Immediately after the application of the mixture to the plasterboard 2 dries the heating layer 11 due to the rapid moisture absorption of the plasterboard 2 pretty quickly, so that a speedy further processing of the inner wall components in the manufacture of a house from prefabricated components is possible. Optionally, the curing can be accelerated with an acid gas such as CO ₂ . After the heating layer 1 1 is completely cured, depending on the selected coating process, a smooth wipe-resistant surface is formed, which can be provided with a visually appealing coating, with a wallpaper or the like.

In order to heat the wall 1, a protective extra low voltage of 60 V is applied to the two power supply electrodes 6, which is supplied by the power supply device The surface temperature of the heating layer 11 was measured. These measurements yielded temperature homogeneities of not more than ± 2 K over the entire heating surface. In long-term operation, the air of the room assumes temperature values which are only 2 to 5 K below the surface temperature of the heating layer 11 The reason for this is the large-area coating of a space with a heating layer 11 which can be realized with the aid of the invention and whose surface area on the walls should be more than 70%

In several experiments it could be demonstrated that even with a humidity of 80% generated at 35 ° C, neither at the occupied with the heating layer II wall nor at the indirectly illuminated unheated wall surfaces of the room moisture condenses during operation of the electrical resistance heating by the large-scale heating in the In addition, a region of long-wave infrared radiation, a homogeneous radiation climate is generated so that a radiation train between the warm and cold surfaces of the room is avoided This creates a comfort climate that promotes the well-being of auflialtenden in the room people. The homogeneous heating avoids forced convection of the room air and reduces the swirling up of dust-like pollutant particles or pathogens

For retrofitting and subsequent installation in existing buildings is in the context of the invention of a one in Figure 2 in cross-section one-man plate 12 made

The one-man plate 12, which has an average length of 2.5 m to 3.0 m and a width of 0.6 m, according to Figure 3 on the opposite sides of the narrower End edges each provided with a power supply electrode 6 elongated at the ends of one longitudinal side to a contact portion 14 serving both to connect a plurality of surface heating elements and to connect a low voltage source 9. After the end portions of the one-man plate 12 have been provided with the power supply electrodes 6, The application of the heating layer 11 can be carried out as described above. Immediately after the mixture has been applied to the plasterboard 2, the resistance measured between the two current supply electrodes 6 is 13 k ohms in the wet state of the heating layer 11 Stromzufuhrungs Electrodes 60 ohms For the application of the heating layer 1 1 on a one-man plate 12, the screen printing method is particularly well suited By means of screen printing, the desired resistance values can be varied very precisely, which is particularly advantageous if a gable wall 15 shown in FIG. 1 a is to be heated, which was constructed from a conventional masonry with apertures 16. For heating the not so high wall pieces 17 are shortened one-man plates 18, in which first Einmannplatteπ 12 corresponding Stromzufuhrungselektroden 6 are provided. To adjust the heating power, the shortened one-man plates 18 are screen-printed with a heating layer 1 1 coated, which has a total resistance of, for example, 300 ohms. The installation of the shortened one-man plate 18 takes place above and below the window opening 16, as can be seen in Figure 1 a, wherein between the fenstereinwärts directed Stromzufuhrungselektroden 6 an electrically conductive connection, not shown. Thereafter, the heating of the gable wall 15 can be taken after connection of the Stromzufuhrungselektroden 6 to the power supply device 9 in operation.

In Figure 4, the front view of a composite board is shown, instead of a

Plasterboard is to be used and completely from a thermal insulation material 101 itself or from a recognizable in Figure 6 composite system with a thermal insulation material 101 is used. When thermal insulation material 101 all suitable insulation materials come into question, which are provided with sufficient strength and are suitable for the production of plate-shaped components. Porous foamed plastic, foamed glass, silicate foam glass or other foam glass, artificial stone, perlite or expanded clay are particularly suitable for this purpose. In addition to the insulation materials mineral fibers are calculated, which in themselves have no suitable strength to find use as a plate or structural component of a plate use. Here, the insulating material is used in a composite system, which is shown in Figure 5.

This shows a composite building board in cross section, in which in addition to a thermal insulation material 101, a building board 102 is provided. As a building board 102 is suitable instead of a plasterboard a Gipsfaseφlatte, a fiber cement board, a Siiikatplatte or calcium silicate board. Furthermore, wood wool lightweight panels and plates are suitable, whose essential component is formed from cellulose. In the case of construction boards 102 made of expanded clay, foam glass, perlites or aerated concrete, as well as building boards 102 which have layers with a mineralized glass fleece or mineral fleece, a pore filler 103 is provided as a further component with which the surface of the building board 102 can be smoothed. Instead of a pore-filling substance 103, a building board 102 made of prefabricated elements made of a foam plastic can be provided with a smoothing, combustibility-reducing coating, whereby also these aforementioned building boards 102 are essentially commercially available.

On the front side of the building board 102, which is located on the left in FIG. 5, a current supply electrode 105 is provided parallel to the end face 104, which is fastened in a suitable manner to the composite building board by gluing or stapling. On the surface enclosed between the two parallel spaced power supply electrodes 105, a heating layer 106 consisting of a mixture of graphite particles with a water-dilutable binder is applied by brushing or spraying. The heating layer 106 can be applied in one step with the required layer thickness by the binder content is relatively low due to the lower absorbency of the carried substances, so that in each case the required for optimal heating power consistency is adjustable by a corresponding proportion of the graphite particles.

Furthermore, it can be seen from FIG. 4 that the composite building board has a right side surface 107 with a groove 108 and a left side surface 109 with a spring 110. The composite structural panels are thus vulnerable during assembly in a conventional manner. For grouting and smoothing the vertical joint course, therefore, only a very small amount of work is required because the spotted composite panels lie with the electrically conductive heating layer 106 in the same plane.

If the composite panels have groove 108 and spring 1 10, in particular such building panels 102 can be used, which are sufficiently stable against the breaking of the edges, which also can significantly facilitate the attachment, for example, with joint claws.

Finally, it can be seen in FIG. 4 that the current supply electrodes 105 on both sides of the composite board have laterally projecting contact sections 1 1 1, which in FIG

ERSÄTZBUTT (RULE 26) Direction of the directional arrows 1 15 are bent. The bending is performed such that the contact portions 1 1 1 can take the respective shape of the left side surface 109 and the right side surface 107. For this reason, easily deformable metallic Stromzufuhrungselektroden 105 are used, the material thickness should not exceed 0.05 mm. Alternately, a lateral contact portion 1 1 1 is accordingly inserted as a clamping contact 1 12 in the groove 108 and the contact portion 1 1 1 opposite as a mating contact 1 13 in the shape of the spring 1 10 bent in Figure 6 recognizable

The terminal contact 1 12 results with the mating contact 1 13, when both come into contact with each other, a simple constructive solution for a plug-in contact, the laying of Verbundbauplatten, as shown in Figure 6, by mating several composite boards in the direction of arrow 1 14 for a particularly simple producible electrical connection between the Stromzufuhrungselektroden 105 worries. The connection of the individual power supply electrodes 105 to each other by a plug contact is thus not dependent on a, the composite boards cross-terminal block.

In the case of underfloor heating, the floor construction consists of several layers which, on the whole, must ensure sufficient heat and sound insulation and wear resistance of the floor. In the drawings, Figure 7 and Figure 8 is a

Floor construction with a floating screed, which is comparatively suitable for an apartment quilt. On the raw ceiling 201 is a thermal insulation layer 202 for sound insulation and thermal insulation to prevent heat transfer into the building structure. Suitable thermal insulation materials are light powdery or granular beds, mats, plates and shaped pieces of porous or fibrous organic or inorganic substances having a particularly low thermal conductivity. For this purpose, conventional insulation boards of polystyrene - extruder foam or polyurethane foam boards are particularly suitable, which in addition to a high insulation performance have a high compressive strength. In addition, alternative insulation materials such as cork, cellulose or coated with bitumen mineral granules, especially expanded clay are well suited.

SPARE BUTT (RULE 26) The thermal insulation layer 202 may not be moistened, because it then loses its insulating effect For this reason, it must be protected by a superposed barrier film 203 against moisture, which must be considered especially in Naßraumen and a bonded substructure The overlying load distribution layer 204, namely screed 204 ', thus "floats" on the thermal insulation layer 202 without touching the blanket 201 or a wall not shown. In the floating installation is a correspondingly thick screed 204', for example anhydrite, magnesia or cement screed, with a large surface pressure necessary to compress the thermal insulation layer 202 as far as possible already by the application of screed 204 'floating screed 204' requires a minimum nominal thickness, which must not fall below a dimension of 35 mm When laying tiles or plates floating screed 204 'is a layer thickness of 45 mm Dic ke required

If existing unevennesses in the load distribution layer 204 are to be compensated, a thin-bodied, if possible self-leveling, layer is made on the upper side of the screed 204 '

Compensating layer 205 which allows a completely smooth and even surface is suitable for this purpose. Commercially available leveling compounds whose handling is known and not further developed. However, with regard to the invention, it is moreover particularly suitable to have a leveling compound comprising water glass, which enables a cohesive structure of the entire floor construction

In the amount of two opposite end faces of the load distribution layer 204 is below parallel to the floor edge 206 on both sides of the compensation layer 205, a Stromzufuhrungselektrode 207 is provided which is glued with a water glass adhesive directly on the compensation layer 205 or optionally equal to the load distribution layer 204 The Stromzufuhrungselektrode 207, the a thin foil strip composed of an electrically highly conductive material, preferably of copper, is connected to a power supply device, not shown, which can be operated mainly with protective extra-low voltage

An electroconductive heating layer 208 composed of a mixture of graphite particles is applied to the surface of the floor enclosed by the current supply electrodes 207 by brushing, spraying, trowelling or optionally by screen printing

SPARE BUTT (RULE 26) and a water-dilutable binder is composed. Suitable for this purpose is water glass, in particular soda water glass, which can be provided comparatively inexpensively.

The heating power should preferably be 20 to 60 watts / m ² so that the temperature of the floor to be heated can not exceed 33 degrees plus. As a result, no damage to the floor construction is to be feared. It is also advantageous that the heating layer 208 is arranged on top of the load distribution layer 204. The screed 204 'thus means an additional thermal insulation layer 202. The heat generated in the heating layer 208 acts directly on the floor covering layer 209 to be heated. As a result, the heating power can respond rather quickly and be dimensioned very small.

After completion of the heating layer 208, a ceramic floor covering layer 209 of plates or tiles in a mortar bed 210 can be laid directly on the heating layer 208. When using a mortar bed 210, there is excellent adhesion between the flooring layer 209 and the heating layer 208. The adhesion can be further increased if the tiles are glued instead of a mortar bed 210 with an adhesive layer 210 ', wherein the adhesive has water glass as a binder. In this case, a chemical bond-based concatenation of the floor covering layer 209 with the heating layer 208 is caused by chemical reaction, which is itself connected to the load distribution layer 204 or the screed 204 '. Thus, the floor covering layer 209 is at the same time connected with the load distribution layer 204 by means of the heating layer 208 with a force fit. Due to this thing, cracks are in the

Flooring layer 209 completely excluded. As a floor covering layer 209, therefore, all ceramic floor coverings, tiles or tiles made of glass, marble, natural or artificial stone produced coverings can be used without restriction. If otherwise, a textile floor covering, carpet, wood or parquet floor is appropriate. Instead of a mortar bed 210, a wear layer 21 1 protecting the heating layer 208 against wear and sealing is provided, which can be applied finally to the heating layer 208. For this purpose, cement screed, plastic screed asphalt screed, liquid screed or the like is suitable, which has a long-lasting Zusammenfύgung with the heating layer 208th

SPARE BUTT (RULE 26) On this occasion, the efficiency of underfloor heating can be further improved by heat-conductive additives In addition, the efficiency of the underfloor heating can be improved if the strength-enhancing additives are contained in the wear layer 21 1, for example in the form of fibrous materials 1 performed lower and the heat transfer in relation to the strength of the wear layer 21 1 can be optimized

The same advantages can also be realized in a floor heating performed in dry construction, which will be explained below with the drawing shown in Figure 8. In dry construction, an insulating layer 212 is applied to a raw ceiling 201, which is formed by a loose debris of bitumen-wrapped mineral Blähkoφern or the like. The bed can be easily adjusted to existing cavities, if, unlike the drawing chosen for reasons of simplification, a timber ceiling with bar layer is present The bed is gleichmaßig leveled in one plane by peeling on the insulating layer 212 is then a load distribution layer 204 laid from covering plates with in grooves 213 inserted from adjacent plates springs 214 is stiffened on the longitudinal sides

Subsequently, a leveling compensation layer 205 can be applied to the load distribution layer 204 in order to ensure a smooth surface for the electrical heating layer 208. If a water-dilutable leveling layer 205 is to be used, a barrier film 203 between the insulating layer 212 and the load distribution layer 204 is again recommended according to FIG. 1 in order not to jeopardize the function of the insulating layer 212 by penetrating water. The top side of the load-distribution layer 204 prepared in this way becomes electrically conductive conductive heating layer 208 is applied, which is then connected to the power contained in the heating layer 208 directly to the load distribution layer 204 The top of the load distribution layer 204 disposed heating layer 208 allows direct heat dissipation to the overhead floor construction and a low self-heating of built-in instead of a screed load distribution layer 204, which is thereby exposed to a small extent the harmful thermal expansions The durability of the heating layer 208 is thus indefinitely of long duration

SPARE BUTT (RULE 26) A particularly simple and inexpensive representation of the floor construction is achieved when the load distribution layer 204 consists of plates which are ready for installation with the electrically conductive heating layer 208 coated. The preparation of these plates is described in detail above. Particularly suitable in this case are mineral-bonded fibrous material-reinforced load distributor plates or composite building boards with a groove 213 and spring 214, which, as is known, have thin supply electrodes 207 which can be inserted into the groove 213 on the end faces. As a result, by simply juxtaposing load distribution plates, a heating layer 208 extending over the entire floor can be realized. To protect the heating layer 208, a wear layer 21 1 is expedient against mechanical wear, on which finally a pressure distribution layer 215 can be applied. This can be formed from large-sized load plates or floor elements of wood-based materials, which likewise have a groove and Fedeφrofilierung 213, 214 in the side area to ensure a high stability during installation. As a result, the pressure distribution layer 215 forms an excellent laying ground for parquet, carpeting and other soft coverings.

In particular, plastic soft coverings can accordingly be used without problems by requiring a low heat output of the heating layer 208 in the case of good heat transfer. This has a favorable overall effect on the economy and the life of the floor heating.

Replacement Blade (REGH.26)

Claims

claims

1 electric Widei floor heating for room air conditioning in homes and buildings using a current-heated electrically conductive heating layer consisting of a mixture of offset with a hardenable binder graphite particles, wherein on two parallel opposite sides of the heating layer metallic strip-shaped Stromzufuhrungselektroden are provided, characterized in that the heating layer (1 1) forming a mixture based on

Graphite particles and a water-dilutable binder and coated by brushing, spraying, screen printing or the like directly on a moisture-absorbing Tragratφlatte can be applied such that the surface load based on the electrical heating power of the heating layer (11) 20 to 60 W / m ² , wherein the Carrier plate by a conventional interior fitting suitable, back with a thermal insulation layer (4) provided plasterboard (2) is formed

2. Electrical resistance heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the support plate is formed by a planned for a prefabricated house complete inner wall, which has a large-area plasterboard (2), which is provided on two parallel sides with band-shaped metallic Stromzufuhrungselektroden (6)

3 electrical resistance heater according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the carrier plate by a commercial, back with a thermal insulation layer (4) provided one man plate (12) is formed of plasterboard on the front with a heating layer (1 1) on The base of graphite particles and a water-borne binder is coated such that the total resistance measured between the current supply electrodes (6) is 40 to 120 ohms

SPARE BUTT (RULE 26) 4. Electrical resistance heater according to claim 1 - 3, characterized in that the carrier plate is formed by a shortened, commercially available, back with a thermal insulation layer (4) one-man plate (18) made of plasterboard, on the front with a heating layer (1 1) is coated on the basis of graphite particles and a water-dilutable binder such that the total resistance, measured between the Stromzufuhrungselektroden (6), approximately 300 ohms

5. Electrical resistance heater according to one or more of claims 1 - 4, characterized in that the carrier plate has a back with a thermal insulation (102) composite panel provided on its side with a building board (102) consisting of gypsum, cement, ceramic masses , Concrete, artificial stone or similar building materials common mass, glass, wood, synthetic resin or plastic masses is coated.

6. Electrical resistance heater according to one or more of claims 1-5, characterized in that the composite building board, on its view side with a fiber-containing building board (102) is coated, wherein the fibers are embedded in the building board (102)

7. Electrical resistance heater according to one or more of claims 1-6, characterized in that the carrier plate comprises a foam glass, a porous plastic produced using foaming agents, artificial stone or expanded clay, wherein the surface of the building board (102) or the composite building board with one

Poreπfullstoff (103) is smoothed.

8. Electrical resistance heater according to one or more of claims I - 7, characterized in that the Trägeφlatte each having a groove (108) and a spring (1 10), which are spiked during installation.

SPARE BUTT (RULE 26) 9. Electrical resistance heater according to one or more of claims I - 8, characterized in that the contacting of the Stromzufuhrungselektroden (105) between the carrier plates is designed as a plug contact.

I O.Elektrische resistance heater according to one or more of claims 1-9, characterized in that on both sides of the support plate laterally projecting contact portions (1 1 1) of the Stromzufuhrungselektroden (105) are provided, wherein alternately a respective lateral contact portion (1 1 1 ) as Kleminkontakt (1 12) inserted into the groove (108) and the contact portion (1 1 1) opposite as a mating contact (1 13) in

Form of the spring (1 10) is bent.

I I .Electrical resistance heater according to one or more of claims 1-10, comprising metallic easily deformable Stromzufuhrungselektroden (105) whose material thickness is not more than 0.05 mm.

12. Electrical resistance heater according to one or more of claims 1 - 11, comprising a floor heating, which has a multi-layered, consisting of at least a thermal insulation, a load distribution layer and a floor covering layer floor construction both in dry construction and a bound substructure, and an electrical heating layer ( 208), which at the top of the drywall at least with the load distribution layer (204) and a bonded substructure both with the load distribution layer (204), optionally with application of a leveling layer (205), as well as with the floor covering layer (209) by means of mortar bed (210) or Adhesive layer (210 ') or non-positively connected to a wear layer (21 1).

13. Electrical resistance heater according to claim 12, characterized in that the leveling layer (205) and the adhesive layer (210 ') is water-soluble in the initial state and water-insoluble in the cured state and frost-proof.

SPARE BUTT (RULE 26) 14.Electrical resistance heater according to claim 12 to 3, characterized in that the compensation layer (205) is self-leveling.

15. Electrical resistance heater according to one or more of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the binder used for the preparation of the electrical heating layer (208) with the binder for the leveling layer (205) and the adhesive layer (210 ') is identical ,

Electric resistance heater according to one or more of Claims 12 to 15, characterized in that water glass is provided as binder for the leveling layer (205) and the adhesive layer (210 ').

17.Electric resistance heater according to one or more of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that for laying a ceramic floor covering layer (209), in particular tiles, water glass or water glass is provided as a binder for the mortar bed (210).

Electric resistance heater according to one or more of Claims 12 to 17, characterized in that instead of a mortar bed (210) a wear layer (21 1) protecting the heating layer (208) from wear and sealing, for example cement screed, plastic screed, asphalt screed, leveling screed or The same is provided, which is finally applicable to the heating layer (208).

19 Electric resistance heater according to one or more of claims 12 to 18, characterized in that the efficiency of the underfloor heating by heat-conductive additives in the wear layer (21 1) is reinforced.

20. Electrical resistance heater according to one or more of claims 12 to 19, characterized in that the efficiency of the underfloor heating by in the

Wear layer (21 1) the strength-increasing additives, for example in the form of fibrous materials, is increased.

SPARE BUTT (RULE 26)