WO1996028113A1 - Bandage veterinaire anti-machonnement - Google Patents

Bandage veterinaire anti-machonnement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996028113A1
WO1996028113A1 PCT/US1996/001760 US9601760W WO9628113A1 WO 1996028113 A1 WO1996028113 A1 WO 1996028113A1 US 9601760 W US9601760 W US 9601760W WO 9628113 A1 WO9628113 A1 WO 9628113A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chew
bandage
substrate
substance
elastic
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Application number
PCT/US1996/001760
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English (en)
Inventor
Daniel Frank Downey
Judith Katherine Woollen Faass
Original Assignee
Kimberly-Clark Corporation
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kimberly-Clark Corporation filed Critical Kimberly-Clark Corporation
Priority to AU47776/96A priority Critical patent/AU4777696A/en
Publication of WO1996028113A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996028113A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61D—VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS, IMPLEMENTS, TOOLS, OR METHODS
    • A61D9/00—Bandages, poultices, compresses specially adapted to veterinary purposes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties

Definitions

  • Veterinarians and others use bandages on animals to protect injured skin, support bones and muscles, and prevent injury or re-injury. Bandages are also used in a variety of other veterinary applications such as prohibiting dogs from licking in a particular area, a problem known as acral lick dermatitis, lick granuloma or as protection after surgery.
  • Veterinary bandages serve the purpose of protecting the wound from dirt and germs yet allow airflow to the damaged area. Such bandages must be stretchable and breathable. It is also preferable that such bandages be cohesive, though bandages are known which use tape or other means for securing in place.
  • bandages for these purposes must remain in place in order to carry out their intended function. It is presumed, however, that horses, dogs and other animals feel the bandage is uncomfortable or otherwise foreign and therefore want to remove it, generally by licking and chewing. A bandage which is easily removed by the animal will be of little or no good to the animal and will only serve as a source of frustration for the owner and veterinarian. A bandage with is easily removed or comes apart easily can also pose a choking hazard for the animal if the bandage, threads or other parts wrap around the neck of the animal or become lodged in the throat upon swallowing.
  • Topical repellents as a liguid, paste, spray or gel which is applied to bandages after the bandages are applied to the animal and which serves as a deterrent to chewing.
  • topical materials include RAPLAST ® spray and CHEW-GUARD ® spray.
  • Topical repellents may also be applied to wood, blankets, etc., to prevent chewing of these things as well.
  • Topical repellents are effective for a time but can be washed off, rubbed off, etc. and so must be reapplied or they become ineffective. When applied to a bandage on an animal, only the last layer of the bandage is treated, making the deterrent effective for only as long as the animal does not remove that last layer. Should the last layer somehow be removed, removal of the balance of the untreated bandage is simple.
  • an elastic veterinary bandage having anti-chew properties comprising an elastic substrate, and an anti-chew substance in an effective amount internally added to a material which may be the substrate itself, an adhesive-based substrate printing ink, an adhesive or cohesive substrate coating and combinations thereof.
  • the anti-chew substance is preferably oleo resin of capsicum, capsaicin and its derivatives, and pelargonic acid vanillylamide, and is present in an amount between 10 and 10000 pp .
  • the bandage is a cohesive, breathable and stretchable veterinary bandage having anti-chew properties
  • a nonwoven laminate having at least one elastomeric and at least one relatively nonelastic gatherable material joined to the elastomeric material at spaced apart locations so that the gatherable material is gathered between the spaced apart locations, and a coating of a cohesive material on at least a portion of at least one exterior surface of said laminate, and an anti-chew compound in an effective amount included in a component which may be the elastomeric material, the relatively nonelastic gatherable material, the coating, an optional printing ink, or combinations thereof.
  • nonwoven fabric or web means a web having a structure of individual fibers or threads which are interlaid, but not in a repetitive, identifiable manner as in a knitted fabric.
  • Nonwoven fabrics or webs have been formed from many processes such as for example, meltblowing processes, spunbonding processes, and bonded carded web processes.
  • the basis weight of nonwoven fabrics is usually expressed in ounces of mater'ial per square yard (osy) or grams per square meter (gsm) and the fiber diameters useful are usually expressed in microns. (Note that to convert from osy to gsm, multiply osy by 33.91).
  • icrofibers means small diameter fibers having an average diameter not greater than about 75 microns, for example, having an average diameter of from about 0.5 microns to about 50 microns, or more particularly, microfibers may have an average diameter of from about 2 microns to about 40 microns.
  • denier is defined as grams per 9000 meters of a fiber.
  • spunbonded fibers refers to small diameter fibers which are formed by extruding molten thermoplastic material as filaments from a plurality of fine, usually circular capillaries of a spinnerette with the diameter of the extruded filaments then being rapidly reduced as by, for example, in U.S. Patent no. 4,340,563 to Appel et al., and U.S. Patent no. 3,692,618 to Dorschner et al., U.S. Patent no. 3,802,817 to Matsuki et al., U.S. Patent nos. 3,338,992 and 3,341,394 to Kinney, U.S. Patent no. 3,502,763 to Hartman, U.S.
  • Spunbond fibers are generally not tacky when they are deposited onto a collecting surface. Spunbond fibers are generally continuous and have diameters larger than 7 microns, more particularly, between about 10 and 20 microns.
  • meltblown fibers means fibers formed by extruding a molten thermoplastic material through a plurality of fine, usually circular, die capillaries as molten threads or filaments into converging, usually heated, high velocity gas (e.g. air) streams which attenuate the filaments of molten thermoplastic material to reduce their diameter, which may be to microfiber diameter. Thereafter, the meltblown fibers are carried by the high velocity gas stream and are deposited on a collecting surface to form a web of randomly disbursed meltblown fibers.
  • meltblown fibers are microfibers which may be continuous or discontinuous, are generally smaller than 10 microns in diameter, and are generally tacky when deposited onto a collecting surface so as to be self-bonding as a web or mat.
  • composite elastic material refers to an elastic material which may be a multicomponent material or a multilayer material.
  • a multilayer material may have at least one elastic layer joined to at least one gatherable layer at least at two locations so that the gatherable layer is gathered between the locations where it is joined to the elastic layer.
  • Such a multilayer composite elastic material may be stretched to the extent that the nonelastic material gathered between the bond locations allows the elastic material to elongate.
  • This type of multilayer composite elastic material is disclosed, for example, by U.S. Patent 4,720,415 to Vander Wielen et al., which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • polymer generally includes but is not limited to, homopolymers, copolymers, such as for example, block, graft, random and alternating copolymers, terpoly ers, etc. and blends and modifications thereof. Furthermore, unless otherwise specifically limited, the term “polymer” shall include all possible geometrical configuration of the material. These configurations include, but are not limited to isotactic, syndiotactic and random symmetries.
  • machine direction means the direction of a fabric in the direction in which it is produced.
  • cross machine direction means the direction across the fabric, i.e. a direction generally perpendicular to the MD.
  • the term "monocomponent" fiber refers to a fiber formed from one or more extruders using only one polymer. This is not meant to exclude fibers formed from one polymer to which small amounts of additives have been added for coloration, anti-static properties, lubrication or other processing aid, hydrophilicity, etc. These additives, e.g. titanium dioxide for coloration, are generally present in an amount less than 5 weight percent and more typically about 2 weight percent.
  • conjugate fibers refers to fibers which have been formed from at least two polymers extruded from separate extruders but spun together to form one fiber.
  • the polymers are usually different from each other though conjugate fibers may be homopolymer fibers.
  • the polymers are arranged in substantially constantly positioned distinct zones across the cross-section of the conjugate fibers and extend continuously along the length of the conjugate fibers.
  • the configuration of such a conjugate fiber may be, for example, a sheath/core arrangement wherein one polymer is surrounded by another or may be a side by side arrangement or an "islands-in-the-sea" arrangement.
  • Conjugate fibers are taught in U.S. Patent 5,108,820 to Kaneko et al.
  • the polymers may be present in ratios of 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 or any other desired ratios.
  • biconstituent fibers refers to fibers which have been formed from at least two polymers extruded from the same extruder as a blend.
  • blend is defined below. Biconstituent fibers do not have the various polymer components arranged in relatively constantly positioned distinct zones across the cross-sectional area of the fiber along its length and the various polymers are usually not continuous along the entire length of the fiber, instead usually forming protofibrils which start and end at random. Biconstituent fibers are sometimes also referred to as multiconstituent fibers. Fibers of this general type are discussed in, for example, U.S. Patent 5,108,827 to Gessner.
  • blend means a mixture of two or more polymers while the term “alloy” means a sub-class of blends wherein the components are immiscible but have been compatibilized.
  • miscibility and miscibility are defined as blends having negative and positive values, respectively, for the free energy of mixing.
  • compatibilization is defined as the process of modifying the interfacial properties of an immiscible polymer blend in order to make an alloy.
  • TAB through air bonding
  • TAB through air bonding
  • a web is wound at least partially around a perforated roller which is enclosed in a hood.
  • the air is forced from the hood, through the web and into the perforated roller.
  • the air velocity is between 100 and 500 feet per minute and the dwell time may be as long as 6 seconds.
  • the melting and resolidification of the polymer provides the bonding.
  • Through air bonding has restricted variability and is generally regarded a second step bonding process. Since TAB requires the melting of at least one component to accomplish bonding, it is restricted to conjugate fiber webs or those with multiple components which may include adhesives.
  • switchbonded means, for example, the stitching of a material in accordance with U.S. Patent 4,891,957 to Strack et al. or U.S. Patent 4,631,933 to Carey, Jr.
  • ultrasonic bonding means a process performed, for example, by passing the fabric between a sonic horn and anvil roll as illustrated in U.S. Patent 4,374,888 to Bornslaeger.
  • thermal point bonding involves passing a fabric or web of fibers to be bonded between a heated calender roll and an anvil roll.
  • the calender roll is usually patterned in some way so that the entire fabric is not bonded across its entire surface.
  • various patterns for calender rolls have been developed for functional as well as aesthetic reasons.
  • One example is the Hansen Pennings or "H&P" pattern with about a 30% bond area with about 100 bonds/square inch as taught in U.S. Patent 3,855,046 to Hansen and Pennings.
  • the H&P pattern has square pin bonding areas wherein each pin has a side dimension of 0.038 inches (0.965 mm) , a spacing of 0.070 inches (1.778 mm) between pins, and a depth of bonding of 0.023 inches (0.584 mm) .
  • the resulting pattern has a bonded area of about 29.5%.
  • Another typical bonding pattern is the expanded Hansen and Pennings or "EHP" bond pattern which produces a 15% bond area with a square pin having a side dimension of 0.037 inches (0.94 mm) , a pin spacing of 0.097 inches (2.464 mm) and a depth of 0.039 inches (0.991 mm) .
  • Another typical bonding pattern designated “714" has square pin bonding areas wherein each pin has a side dimension of 0.023 inches, a spacing of 0.062 inches (1.575 mm) between pins, and a depth of bonding of 0.033 inches (0.838 mm) .
  • the resulting pattern has a bonded area of about 15%.
  • Other common patterns include a diamond pattern with repeating and slightly offset diamonds and a wire weave pattern looking as the name suggests, e.g. like a window screen.
  • the percent bonding area varies from around 10% to around 30% of the area of the fabric laminate web.
  • the objects of this invention are achieved by the provision of a bandage into which has been incorporated an anti-chew or chew repellent substance.
  • the inventors have found that incorporating the anti-chew material into a component of the bandage itself results in protection that has far greater durability because it goes into some depth of the bandage. This penetration into the bandage makes it nearly impossible for the anti-chew substance to be licked, washed or rubbed off.
  • Such a bandage is easier for the user to apply since it involves no additional steps beyond the application of the bandage to the animal. Since there is no need to reapply a repellent to the bandages of this invention, such bandages should be more economical for the consumer than separate bandages and sprays.
  • the bandage of this invention also avoids the need to restrict the range of movement of the animal with a cast over the bandage or a cone or cage over the head.
  • Veterinary bandages have been made from elastic woven materials which are wound around a limb, for example, and secured with tape, adhesive coatings or other means, or elastic nonwoven materials which may be secured in the same manner or may be self-adhesive.
  • An example of a woven bandage is the Ace bandage which must be secured with tape, VELCRO ® material, pins, etc.
  • Examples of nonwoven bandages include VETRAP ® and EQUISPORT ® wraps from the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company.
  • Elastic materials may have elastic threads running throughout the material, generally in one direction, to provide stretch.
  • Another elastic material is a cohesive, compressible wrap which is relatively permeable to air and water vapor and is available under the trade designation FLEXUS ® wrap from the Kimberly-Clark Corporation.
  • FLEXUS ® wrap uses an elastic nonwoven material laminated to other layers which are then coated to create the cohesive nonwoven bandage.
  • FLEXUS ® wrap is described in U.S. Patent application 07/995,468 (the '468 application) to Faass and assigned to the same assignee as this application.
  • all of the above as well as other materials which may function as an elastic material or base sheet for a bandage shall be included in the term "substrate".
  • the '468 application describes a material having at least one elastic composite material and a coating of a cohesive material on at least a portion of at least one exterior surface of the elastic composite material so that the material is capable of being compressed in the Z-direction at least about 45 percent at a pressure of about 3 psi to a thickness of not less than about 0.035 inch (0.89 mm).
  • the cohesive material may be capable of being compressed din the Z- direction at least about 55 percent at a pressure of about 3 psi to a thickness of not less than about 0.035 inch.
  • the cohesive material may be capable of being compressed in the Z-direction at least about 55 percent at a pressure of about 3 psi to a thickness of ranging from about 0.040 inch (1.0 mm) to about 0.2 inch (5.1 mm) .
  • the cohesive material may be capable of being compressed in the Z-direction at least bout 35 percent at a pressure of about 1 psi to a thickness of not less than about 0.035 inch.
  • the elastic material of the '468 application is preferably a nonwoven web of elastomeric meltblown thermoplastic polymer fibers.
  • Elastomeric meltblown thermoplastic polymers useful in the practice of this invention may be those made from block copolymers such as polyurethanes, copolyether esters, polyamide polyether block copolymers, ethylene vinyl acetates (EVA) , copoly(styrene/ethylene-butylene) and the like.
  • elastomeric copolymers are, for example, those known as KRATON ® materials which are available from Shell Chemical Company of Houston, Texas.
  • KRATON ® block copolymers are available in several different formulations, a number of which are identified in U.S. Patent 4,663,220, hereby incorporated by reference.
  • a particularly suitable elastomeric layer may be formed from, for example, elastomeric poly(styrene/ethylene-butylene/styrene) block copolymer available from the Shell Chemical Company of Houston, Texas under the trade designation KRATON ® G-1657.
  • exemplary elastomeric materials which may be used to form an elastomeric layer include polyurethane elastomeric materials such as, for example, those available under the trademark ESTANE ® from B. F. Goodrich & Co. , polyamide polyether block copolymer such as, for example, that known as PEBAX ® ,available from Atochem Inc. Polymers Division, of Glen Rock, New Jersey and polyester elastomeric materials such as, for example, those available under the trade designation HYTREL ® from E. I. DuPont De Nemours & Company.
  • polyurethane elastomeric materials such as, for example, those available under the trademark ESTANE ® from B. F. Goodrich & Co.
  • polyamide polyether block copolymer such as, for example, that known as PEBAX ® ,available from Atochem Inc. Polymers Division, of Glen Rock, New Jersey
  • polyester elastomeric materials such as, for example, those available under the trade designation HY
  • Elastomeric layers may also be formed from elastomeric copolymers of ethylene and at least one vinyl monomer such as, for example, vinyl acetates, unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids, and esters of such monocarboxylic acids.
  • the elastomeric copolymers and formation of elastomeric nonwoven webs from those elastomeric copolymers are disclosed in, for example, U.S. Patent No. 4,803,117 to Daponte.
  • elastomeric meltblown thermoplastic webs are composed of fibers of a material such as disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,707,398 to Boggs, U.S. Patent 4,741,949 to Morman et al., and U.S. Patent 4,663,220 to Wisneski et al.
  • the elastomeric meltblown thermoplastic polymer layer may itself be composed of one or more thinner layers of elastomeric meltblown thermoplastic polymer which have been sequentially deposited one atop the other or laminated together by methods known to those skilled in the art.
  • thermoplastic copolyester elastomers include copolyetheresters having the general formula:
  • Such materials generally have an elongation at break of from about 600 percent to 750 percent when measured in accordance with ASTM D-638 and a melt point of from about 350"F to about 400*F (176 to 205°C) when measured in accordance with ASTM D-2117.
  • Commercial examples of such copolyester materials are, for example, those known as ARNITEL ® , formerly available from Akzo Plastics of Arnhe , Holland and now available from DSM of Sittard, Holland, or those known as HYTREL ® which are available from E.I. duPont de Nemours of Wilmington, Delaware.
  • Processing aids may be added to the elastomeric polymer as well.
  • a polyolefin for example, may be blended with the elastomeric polymer (e.g., the elastomeric block copolymer) to improve the processability of the composition.
  • the polyolefin must be one which, when so blended and subjected to an appropriate combination of elevated pressure and elevated temperature conditions, is extrudable, in blended form, with the elastomeric polymer.
  • Useful blending polyolefin materials include, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene and polybutene, including ethylene copolymers, propylene copolymers and butene copolymers.
  • a particularly useful polyethylene may be obtained from the U.S.I.
  • Petrothene NA 601 also referred to herein as PE NA 601 or polyethylene NA 601
  • PE NA 601 or polyethylene NA 601 Two or more of the polyolefins may be utilized.
  • Extrudable blends of elastomeric polymers and polyolefins are disclosed in, for example, previously referenced U.S. Patent No. 4,663,220.
  • the elastomeric meltblown fibers should have some tackiness or adhesiveness to enhance autogenous bonding.
  • the elastomeric polymer itself may be tacky when formed into fibers or, alternatively, a compatible tackifying resin may be added to the extrudable elastomeric compositions described above to provide tackified elastomeric fibers that autogenously bond.
  • a compatible tackifying resin may be added to the extrudable elastomeric compositions described above to provide tackified elastomeric fibers that autogenously bond.
  • the tackifying resins and tackified extrudable elastomeric compositions as disclosed in U.S. patent No. 4,787,699, hereby incorporated by reference, are suitable. Any tackifier resin can be used which is compatible with the elastomeric polymer and can withstand the high processing (e.g., extrusion) temperatures.
  • the tackifier resin should also be compatible with those processing aids.
  • hydrogenated hydrocarbon resins are preferred tackifying resins, because of their better temperature stability.
  • REGALREZ'" and ARKONTM P series tackifiers are examples of hydrogenated hydrocarbon resins.
  • ZONATAK ⁇ SOl lite is an example of a terpene hydrocarbon.
  • REGALREZTM hydrocarbon resins are available from Hercules Incorporated.
  • ARKONTM P series resins are available from Arakawa Chemical (U.S.A.) Incorporated.
  • Other tackifying resins which are compatible with the other components of the composition and can withstand the high processing temperatures, can also be used.
  • the blend used to form the elastomeric fibers includes, for example, from about 40 to about 80 percent by weight elastomeric polymer, from about 5 to about 40 percent processing aid and from about 5 to about 40 percent resin tackifier.
  • a particularly useful composition included, by weight, about 61 to about 65 percent KRATONTM G- 1657, about 17 to about 23 percent polyethylene NA 601, and about 15 to about 20 percent REGALREZ'" 1126.
  • the '468 application material may have at least one layer of a relatively nonelastic gatherable material joined to the elastomeric nonwoven fibrous web at spaced apart locations to produce a composite elastic material and so the gatherable material is gathered between the spaced apart locations.
  • the gatherable layer can be a nonwoven web of fibers such as spunbond fibers, meltblown fibers, a bonded carded web of fibers, or a multilayer material including at least one of such fiber webs.
  • the gatherable material may further include wood pulp, staple fibers, particulates or super-absorbent materials.
  • the gatherable layer or layers may optionally include a pigment in order to give the bandage a particular color. Such pigments are usually present in amounts of less than 5 weight percent, depending on how deep or rich a color is desired, if at all.
  • a gatherable multilayer laminate is an embodiment wherein some of the layers are spunbond and some meltblown such as a spunbond/meltblown/spunbond (SMS) laminate as disclosed in U.S. Patent no. 4,041,203 to Brock et al., U.S. Patent no. 5,169,706 to Collier, et al, and U.S. Patent no. 4,374,888 to Bornslaeger.
  • SMS spunbond/meltblown/spunbond
  • Such a laminate may be made by sequentially depositing onto a moving forming belt first a spunbond fabric layer, then a meltblown fabric layer and last another spunbond layer and then bonding the laminate. Bonding can be accomplished in a number of ways such as needling, hydroentangle ent, ultrasonic bonding, adhesive bonding, stitchbonding, through-air bonding and thermal bonding. Alternatively, the fabric layers may be made individually, collected in rolls, and combined in a separate bonding step. Such fabrics usually have a basis weight of from about 0.1 to 12 osy (6 to 400 gsm) , or more particularly from about 0.75 to about 3 osy.
  • the coating material described in the '468 application may be in the form of a randomly scattered network of hot-melt adhesive filaments and/or fibers.
  • the coating of cohesive material may be a coating of any suitable conventional commercially available hot-melt adhesive such as, for example, hot melt adhesives which may be based on blends of polyolefins, adhesive resins, triblocks and waxes.
  • a particularly good coating for the preferred embodiment of this invention is that of U.S. Patent 5,149,741, hereby incorporated by reference, to Alper et al. and assigned to Findley Adhesives, Inc., of Wauwatosa, WI.
  • This coating is an adhesive which comprises about 15 to 40 parts of a styrene- isoprene-styrene block copoly er wherein the styrene content of the copoly er is 25 to 50 weight percent, about 40 to 70 parts of a compatible tackifying resin such as, for example, pentaerythritol esters, about 5 to 30 parts of a napthenic/paraffinic oil and 0.1 to 2 parts, by weight, of a phosphite antioxidant, hindered phenolic antioxidant and a stabilizer, where the adhesive has a melt viscosity of not greater than 6000cP at 325°F.
  • the outer layer(s) of the bandage may be printed in a color or colors with various pictures or words of an instructive or aesthetic type.
  • the bandage may be printed with the words “OUCH”, “HOT”, “CALIENTE”, etc. or may be printed with pictures of flames, peppers, horses, horseshoes, etc., or a combination of the above.
  • the outer layer of the bandage is a nonwoven it may be optionally printed in accordance with the teachings of U.S. Patent Application 07/993,083 (the '083 application) and assigned to the same assignee.
  • the '083 application teaches printing a nonwoven web with an adhesive based ink.
  • the ink includes a binder which may be a water-based, solvent-based or a hot-melt binder and which is present in a ratio to the pigment in the ink of between 10:1 and 1:1 on a dry weight basis of the total solids.
  • the ink has a viscosity of between about 50 and 10,000 cps during application and after drying yields a crock value for the nonwoven of at least 4.
  • the glass transition temperature (T ) is in a range from approximately -60 to 180"F with a more desirable range being between about 20 and about 80'F.
  • Such film-forming polymer binders produce flexible printed areas when dried or cured at relatively low drying temperatures which typically range between about 150 and 300°F.
  • Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) have been found to be particularly suitable as a base or binder for the inks of the present invention.
  • the solids level of these binder polymers (PVOH and EVA) in the adhesive-based inks is between approximately 5 and 60% by weight on a dry weight basis of the total solids in the adhesive-based ink.
  • Coloration can be imparted to these binders by the use of inert pigments and dyes, collectively referred to as pigments for purposes of the claims, which can be added in levels of approximately 0.25 to 50% on a dry weight basis. Typically on a dry weight basis the solids level including all solids, not just the binder and pigment, will be 40% or greater for ethylene vinyl acetate and 8% or greater for polyvinyl alcohol.
  • Other water-based ink binders include polyvinyl acetate, ethylene acrylic, vinyl acrylic, styrene acrylic, polyvinylidene chloride, starch, chemically modified starch, dextrin, and other lattice and water-soluble polymers having film forming properties.
  • Suitable solvent-based binders for adhesive-based inks include natural rubber and other elastomers, acrylics, polyurethanes, polyamides, phenoxies, and poly(vinyl acetal)s.
  • a related composition is vinyl resin dispersed in a plasticizer to form a plastisol. Upon heating the plastisol forms a solution of sufficiently high viscosity at room temperature such that the cured adhesive has excellent shear resistance.
  • solvent-based binders are commercially available, for example, National Starch and Chemical Company of Bridgewater, New Jersey sells a neoprene rubber based adhesive using toluene, hexane, acetone and isopropanol as solvents under the trademark SPRAYMASTER ® 388.
  • Suitable hot-melt binders for use in conjunction with the adhesive-based ink include hot-melt binders based on polyethylene, other polyolefins or mixtures of the same, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyamides, polyesters, and block copolymer rubbers.
  • Typical additives used to modify the flow characteristics and other properties of these hot-melt binders include waxes, oils, terpene resins, rosin derivatives, phenolic resins (qv) , and coumarone-indene resins.
  • Hot-melt, binders are commercially supplied by many adhesive companies, for example, INSTANT-LOK ® ethylene vinyl acetate-based binder is supplied by National Starch and Chemical Company of Bridgewater, New Jersey. Such hot-melt binders have a solids content of 100%. These hot-melt, adhesive-based inks typically melt and flow at temperatures ranging from between about 140 and about 300°F. For example, INSTANT-LOK ® 34-4977 EVA-based binder has a softening temperature of 180°F. Its melt viscosity is 940, 590, 390 and 270 centipoise at temperatures of 250, 275, 300 and 325"F, respectively.
  • Dyes and inorganic and organic pigments are the common colorants used in conjunction with these inks.
  • the most common dyes include azo dyes (e.g. Solvent Yellow 14, Disperse Yellow 23, Metanil Yellow), anthraquinone dyes (Solvent Red 111, Disperse Violet 1, Solvent Blue 56 and Solvent Green 3), xanthene dyes (Solvent Green 4, Acid Red 52, Basic Red 1, and Solvent Orange 63), azine dyes (jet black) and the like.
  • Inorganic pigments include titanium dioxide (white) , carbon black (black) , iron oxides (red, yellow, brown) , chromium oxide (green) , ferric ammonium ferrocyanide (blue) and the like.
  • Major organic pigments include diarylide yellow AAOA (Pigment yellow 12) , diarylide yellow AAOT (Pigment yellow 14) , phthalocyanine blue (Pigment blue 15) , lithol red (Pigment red 49:1) and Red lake C (Pigment red 53:1) . Most of these dyes and pigments are commercially supplied as color concentrates.
  • Plasticizers, extenders, thickening agents, defoaming agents, wetting agents or surfactants, waxes and antioxidants may be utilized in conjunction with the adhesive-based inks of the present invention.
  • an adhesive-based ink for optional use on a substrate, the choice of ink should be one which has a printing temperature which is below the melting temperature of the polymers used in the substrate.
  • Commercially available inks are, for example, from the Findley Adhesive Company and sold under the designations Aqua L7064G319U, Blue L7064E293U, Red L7064R199U, and Lavender L7064P2562C.
  • Adhesive-based inks and polyolefin-based substrates are suitable for use with rotogravure, flexographic, screen printing and ink jet printing equipment.
  • the adhesive-based ink is transferred to a printing transfer surface which contains the printed patterns and then from the transfer surface the ink is transferred directly to the substrate.
  • Rotogravure printing uses a print roll which is engraved therefore greatly increasing the life of the print pattern. Because of the engraving of the roll, it is also possible to get higher definition with respect to the printed pattern or graphics imparted to the substrate. Furthermore, rotogravure equipment generally can be run higher speeds than most of the other equipment and is suitable for use with water-based, solvent-based and hot-melt, adhesive-based inks.
  • flexographic printing it is also easier to change the graphics and the printing plates are less expensive than some of the other equipment. It should be noted, however, that flexographic printing equipment is currently limited to water- based and solvent-based adhesive inks. Furthermore, care should be taken when using certain solvent-based inks as they may interfere or react with the rubber on the printing rolls thereby compromising the quality of the printing process and possibly damaging the equipment.
  • screen printing equipment is relatively costly and only one color can be used per screen.
  • Screen printing is used primarily for water-based and hot-melt adhesive-based inks and it should be noted that the equipment cannot be run as fast as, for example, flexographic printing equipment.
  • the temperature range for the inks will usually be between about 140°F and about 300"F.
  • Ink jet printing equipment generally requires inks that have a very low viscosity, often in the range of 1 to 10 centipoise in order to achieve appropriate processing and application.
  • Water-based adhesive-based inks such as polyvinyl alcohol can be brought into this range and, furthermore, water- based and solvent-based adhesive-based inks can be used in combination with the ink jet printing equipment.
  • An additional advantage of ink jet printing equipment is the relatively high speed at which it can be run.
  • Yet another way to apply the adhesive-based inks to the substrates of the present invention is through the use of extrusion coating equipment. Extrusion coating equipment can be used to apply much wider and usually thicker coatings of adhesive-based inks to the surface of substrates.
  • the anti-chew or chew repellent substances which may be used in the practice of this invention are preferably oleo resin of capsicum, capsaicin and its derivatives, and pelargonic acid vanillylamide (PAVA) , a synthetic form of capsaicin.
  • PAVA pelargonic acid vanillylamide
  • the capsicum hot pepper is the source for capsaicin and its derivatives and oleo resin of capsicum.
  • Capsaicin is also known as N- (3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl) -8-methylnon trans- 6-enamide and has a molecular weight of 305.
  • Capsaicin has four derivatives, norhydrocapsaicin or 7-methyl-octanoic acid vanillyla inde with a molecular weight of 293, dihydrocapsaicin or 8-methylnonanoic acid vanillylamide with a molecular weight of 307, homocapsaicin or 9-methyldec-trans-7-enoic acid vanillylamide with a molecular weight of 319, and homodihydrocapsaicin or 9-methyl-decanonic acid vanillylamide with a molecular weight of 321.
  • Any other substance found to be effective may be used as well.
  • Such other substances include a number mentioned in the article Use of Taste Repellents and Emetics to Prevent Accidental Poisoning of Dogs by Houpt et al., 45 American Journal of Veterinary Research, no. 8 (August 1984) , at 1501- 1503. These include IFF hot (compound 135-60348), bitter apple, quassia wood, horseradish extract, sucrose octaacetate and pepperoni enhancer.
  • Another useful substance is cinnamic aldehyde.
  • Capsaicin synthetic (PAVA) CAS number 2444- 46-4, is a white to brown powder with approximately 98% active ingredient
  • oleo resin of capsicum or natural capsaicin CAS number 8023-77-6 has approximately 6 to 7% active ingredient, and two other grades of natural capsaicin purified to about 65 and 98% active ingredient.
  • Similar materials are available from Fluka Chemical Corp., 980 South Second St, Ronkonkoma, NY 11779-7238.
  • the effective amount of anti-chew substance added to the component(s) of the bandage has been found to be surprisingly small. Amounts as low as 10 parts per million (ppm) have been found to be effective.
  • the ' range for the anti-chew substance in the bandage of this invention is between 10 and 10000 ppm (0.001 and 1 weight percent), or more particularly between 500 and 1500 ppm. Amounts above the upper range may be used and will be effective but provide little if any greater repellent effect than the amounts within the range, though at greater cost.
  • the instant invention includes the anti-chew substance as an internal, not topical additive, into any of the components of the bandage including by way of illustration but not limitation the nonwoven or woven elastic bandage substrate, the optional adhesive or cohesive coating of the bandage substrate or the optional substrate surface printing ink, or any combination of these materials.
  • the anti-chew substance can be added to the desired bandage component by any method known to those skilled in the art. Mixing the anti-chew substance with the desired component in a large mixing vessel with agitation is one simple method. Metering the proper amount of anti-chew material into a pipe containing the (flowing) desired component is another. Many of the repellent substances are insoluble in water, therefore making them more desirable for use in the hot-melt adhesive or substrate parts of the bandages. Others are soluble in water, lending themselves to use in water-based ink. Combinations of these water soluble and insoluble repellents is possible in the practice of this invention by including such repellents in the layer in which they are compatible, thereby providing this invention with great versatility. Veterinary bandages were produced according to this invention as Examples 1 and 2 below, using the following base sheet as a substrate.
  • a bandage for veterinary use was made using a layer of elastomeric meltblown nonwoven fabric which had on each side an SMS layer.
  • the approximately 0.6 osy (20 gsm) basis weight SMS layer was comprised of two spunbond layers of about 0.245 osy (8 gsm) basis weight.
  • the polymer used to produce the spunbond layer was commercially available PF-304 polypropylene from Himont Incorporated of Wilmington, Delaware.
  • the meltblown layer was produced at a basis weight of about 0.11 osy (4 gsm) from commercially available 3746G polypropylene from the Exxon Chemical Company of Baytown, Texas. Each layer had a pigment in an amount of less than about 5 weight percent.
  • the two spunbond and one meltblown layers were thermally bonded together using a wire weave pattern at a temperature of 285 * ⁇ (140"C) .
  • SMS laminate was flexographically printed in the example having printing.
  • the stretched elastomeric meltblown layer was produced at a basis weight of about 2 osy (70 gsm) from commercially available Kraton ® G2740X polymer from the Shell Chemical Company of Houston, Texas.
  • a veterinary bandage was produced as above. About 7000 ppm of the active ingredient of the anti-chew substance capsaicin synthetic or PAVA from Penta Manufacturing was added only to a hot-melt coating which was applied to the composite elastic material in an amount of about 3 gsm per side to produce the final bandage.
  • the hot-melt material used was from the Findley Adhesive company under the designation H2174-01.
  • the PAVA was added to the hot-melt and mixed by conventional means in order to disperse the material in the coating. This bandage was found to deter removal by licking and chewing when the bandage was applied to a dog.
  • a veterinary bandage was produced as above. About 0.32 grams per pound of ink of PAVA from Penta Manufacturing and about 41 grams per pound of oleo resin of capsicum was added only to a water-based ink, Findley Adhesives' L7064R199U, which was applied to the gatherable nonelastic material. The PAVA and oleo resin were added to the ink and mixed by conventional means in order to disperse the material in the ink. The final amount of active ingredient in the ink was about 7000 ppm. This bandage was found to deter removal by licking and chewing when the bandage was applied to a dog.
  • a bandage could be produced having an effective amount of anti-chew substance internally added to the elastic substrate and without an adhesive or cohesive coating and without substrate surface printing, and yet be within the scope of the present invention.
  • a bandage having a substrate and only an adhesive or cohesive coating containing an effective amount of anti-chew substance without any substrate surface printing would be within the scope of the present invention.
  • a bandage having a substrate with substrate surface printing containing an effective amount of anti-chew substance and without any adhesive or cohesive coating would be within the scope of the present invention.
  • a bandage having an effective amount of anti-chew substance added to the substrate, coating and printing would be within the scope of the present invention.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un bandage vétérinaire élastique doté de propriétés anti-mâchonnement comportant un substrat élastique et une quantité efficace de substances anti-mâchonnement intégrées à un matériau qui peut être le substrat lui-même, une encre d'imprimerie à matrice à base d'adhésif, un revêtement à substrat adhésif ou cohésif, ou leur combinaison. La substance anti-mâchonnement consiste de préférence en une résine oléosoluble de capsicum, de capcaicine ou ses dérivés et en vanillamide de l'acide pélargonique à raison de 10 ppm et 1000 ppm respectivement. Dans l'une des réalisations, le bandage anti-mâchonnement est cohésif, aéré et étirable et comporte un laminé non tissé fait d'au moins un matériau élastomère et d'au moins un matériau accumulable relativement inélastique fixé à un matériau élastomère en des endroits séparés, et un revêtement d'un matériau cohésif déposé au moins sur une partie d'au moins la surface extérieure dudit laminé, et un composé anti-mâchonnement en quantité efficace compris dans un composant qui peut être le matériau élastomère, le matériau accumulable relativement inélastique, le revêtement, une éventuelle encre d'imprimerie ou une de leurs combinaisons.
PCT/US1996/001760 1995-03-15 1996-02-09 Bandage veterinaire anti-machonnement WO1996028113A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU47776/96A AU4777696A (en) 1995-03-15 1996-02-09 Veterinary bandage with chew repellent feature

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US40483595A 1995-03-15 1995-03-15
US08/404,835 1995-03-15

Publications (1)

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WO1996028113A1 true WO1996028113A1 (fr) 1996-09-19

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WO (1) WO1996028113A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1020196A1 (fr) * 1999-01-14 2000-07-19 Nitto Denko Corporation Pansement adhésif et ruban adhésif pour premiers soins
US6210704B1 (en) 1999-01-14 2001-04-03 Nitto Denko Corporation Medical adhesive dressing and first-aid adhesive tape
US6663584B2 (en) 2001-08-27 2003-12-16 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide Inc. Elastic bandage
US7287489B1 (en) * 2003-11-19 2007-10-30 O'brien John P Pet deterrent device
US7476447B2 (en) 2002-12-31 2009-01-13 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Elastomeric materials
US7726262B2 (en) 2007-02-08 2010-06-01 Discoveries 180, Inc. Device and system for preventing animal wound licking
WO2017188902A1 (fr) * 2016-04-28 2017-11-02 Yaramanci Emirhan Vêtement de traitement médical empêchant le patient d'accéder à la plaie après une opération et une lésion

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3802817A (en) * 1969-10-01 1974-04-09 Asahi Chemical Ind Apparatus for producing non-woven fleeces
DE3525741A1 (de) * 1985-07-19 1987-01-29 Bruhn Theodor Dipl Chem Dr Heilpflaster

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3802817A (en) * 1969-10-01 1974-04-09 Asahi Chemical Ind Apparatus for producing non-woven fleeces
DE3525741A1 (de) * 1985-07-19 1987-01-29 Bruhn Theodor Dipl Chem Dr Heilpflaster

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1020196A1 (fr) * 1999-01-14 2000-07-19 Nitto Denko Corporation Pansement adhésif et ruban adhésif pour premiers soins
US6210704B1 (en) 1999-01-14 2001-04-03 Nitto Denko Corporation Medical adhesive dressing and first-aid adhesive tape
AU762173B2 (en) * 1999-01-14 2003-06-19 Nitto Denko Corporation Medical adhesive dressing and first-aid adhesive tape
US6663584B2 (en) 2001-08-27 2003-12-16 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide Inc. Elastic bandage
US7476447B2 (en) 2002-12-31 2009-01-13 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Elastomeric materials
US7287489B1 (en) * 2003-11-19 2007-10-30 O'brien John P Pet deterrent device
US7726262B2 (en) 2007-02-08 2010-06-01 Discoveries 180, Inc. Device and system for preventing animal wound licking
WO2017188902A1 (fr) * 2016-04-28 2017-11-02 Yaramanci Emirhan Vêtement de traitement médical empêchant le patient d'accéder à la plaie après une opération et une lésion

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU4777696A (en) 1996-10-02

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