WO1996022560A1 - Procede et appareil d'orientation de cristaux liquides dans un dispositif d'affichage - Google Patents
Procede et appareil d'orientation de cristaux liquides dans un dispositif d'affichage Download PDFInfo
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- WO1996022560A1 WO1996022560A1 PCT/JP1996/000106 JP9600106W WO9622560A1 WO 1996022560 A1 WO1996022560 A1 WO 1996022560A1 JP 9600106 W JP9600106 W JP 9600106W WO 9622560 A1 WO9622560 A1 WO 9622560A1
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- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- display medium
- crystal display
- pair
- composite film
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/133348—Charged particles addressed liquid crystal cells, e.g. controlled by an electron beam
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
Definitions
- Liquid crystal alignment method and liquid crystal alignment device for liquid crystal display medium Liquid crystal alignment method and liquid crystal alignment device for liquid crystal display medium
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal alignment method for a liquid crystal display medium and a liquid crystal alignment device, which are performed to change the display state of a liquid crystal polymer composite film on a liquid crystal display medium having a liquid crystal Z polymer composite film capable of reversible display.
- a liquid crystal alignment method for a liquid crystal display medium and a liquid crystal alignment device which are performed to change the display state of a liquid crystal polymer composite film on a liquid crystal display medium having a liquid crystal Z polymer composite film capable of reversible display.
- a fatty acid is dispersed in a polymer matrix, and the fatty acid becomes turbid or transparent due to a phase change.
- a reversible display element using a simple opening and closing and a reversible display element using a polymer liquid crystal.
- these liquid crystal display elements have problems such as durability, storage stability, and suitability for high-speed erasure of display.
- a liquid crystal display device with excellent practicality, a liquid crystal polymer composite film (PDLC (Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal) film) in which liquid crystals such as smectic liquid crystals are dispersed in a high matrix (hereinafter also referred to as PDLC film) Liquid crystal display medium using a liquid crystal display element consisting of: ⁇
- PDLC Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal
- the principle of recording / erasing visible information in a liquid crystal display device composed of a PDL C film is based on the change in the order of the liquid crystal ⁇ orientation due to heat and electric field (home-pic pick alignment or homogenous alignment).
- Light scattering and light transmission caused by the ordered orientation state such as orientation and the random orientation state in which the orientation becomes random) (in the case of the guest-host effect using a dichroic dye, dichroism It uses the light absorption of dye (1R *).
- the PDLC film is made opaque (light scattering) to make it a recording state, and the PDLC film is made transparent (light transmission) to make it an erased state, printing on the PDLC film can be heated in spots, for example, thermal head. And so on.
- erasing from the PDLC film is performed by sandwiching the PDLC film between electrodes, for example, and applying an electric field having a threshold of liquid crystal alignment of £ Lt to align the liquid crystal.
- the liquid crystal display element composed of the PDLC film is an electric liquid crystal display element.
- the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-71899 discloses a liquid crystal display medium having a PDLC film and a conductive layer. Is used to erase or print the display.
- the liquid crystal alignment method of the liquid crystal display medium is such that the conductive layer in contact with the PDLC film is grounded, and the PDLC film is disposed between the conductive layer and the electrode or surface charge on the device side. It is clearly the same as the liquid crystal alignment method of any liquid crystal display panel.
- the conductive layer immediately below the PDLC film is extended to portions other than the PDLC film, and is exposed on the surface of the liquid crystal display medium to be a terminal portion.
- the positional accuracy of the contact point is required.
- poor liquid crystal alignment due to poor contact defective erasing or printing
- poor liquid crystal alignment due to conductive breakdown There are drawbacks such as reduction.
- the present invention provides a method for applying an electric field to a liquid crystal display medium having a PDLC film to align the liquid crystal in order to change the display state of the PDLC film, without exposing the conductive layer to align the liquid crystal. It is an object of the present invention to provide a liquid crystal alignment method and a liquid crystal alignment device for a liquid crystal display medium capable of performing the following.
- a first feature of the present invention is that a base material, a conductive layer provided on the base material, and a liquid crystal provided on the conductive layer dispersed in a polymer.
- a liquid crystal alignment method for a liquid crystal display medium comprising a reversible displayable liquid crystal Z polymer composite film comprising: a step of disposing a pair of electrode portions on the liquid crystal / high ⁇ composite film side of the liquid crystal display medium; Applying a potential difference between the paired portions to orient the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal high composite film and changing the display state of the liquid crystal Z polymer composite film. Is the way.
- a second feature of the present invention is a reversible liquid crystal / polymer composite comprising a base material, a conductive layer provided on the base material, and a liquid crystal dispersed on the conductive layer, the liquid crystal being dispersed in the medium.
- a liquid crystal alignment method for a liquid crystal display medium comprising a film, a step of arranging a charger on the liquid crystal Z height: ⁇ composite film side of the liquid crystal display medium, and a step of moving the liquid crystal display medium relative to the charger. Moving the liquid crystal high-composite film by the charger, thereby orienting the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal high-composite film, and changing the display state of the liquid crystal high-composite film. This is a liquid crystal alignment method for a liquid crystal display medium.
- a third feature of the present invention is that a reversible displayable liquid crystal Z-high composite film formed on a substrate, a conductive TO provided on the substrate, and a liquid crystal dispersed on the conductive layer is provided.
- a liquid crystal alignment device for a liquid crystal display medium comprising: a pair of electrode portions disposed on the liquid crystal polymer composite film side of the liquid crystal display medium; and a power supply portion for supplying electricity between the pair of electrodes.
- a liquid crystal alignment device for a liquid crystal display medium comprising: A fourth feature of the present invention is that a reversible display liquid crystal Z high ⁇ formed by dispersing a liquid crystal dispersed in a substrate provided on the substrate, a conductive TO provided on the substrate, and the conductive layer provided on the conductive layer.
- a liquid crystal alignment device for a liquid crystal display medium comprising a composite film, a charger disposed on the liquid crystal Z high composite film side of the liquid crystal display medium, a power supply connected to the charger, and the liquid crystal display medium. 1.
- a liquid crystal alignment device for a liquid crystal display medium comprising: a transport unit that moves relatively to a charger.
- the conductive layer formed below the liquid crystal Z polymer composite film acts as a transverse traverse path.
- a path force of a potential difference is generated by electrostatic induction in a portion of the liquid crystal Z polymer composite film corresponding to a portion between a pair of electrode portions through a conductive layer.
- a vertical electric field acts on a portion of the liquid crystal Z polymer composite film corresponding to a portion between the pair of electrodes, and when this electric field is equal to or higher than a threshold required for liquid crystal alignment, the liquid crystal Z polymer composite The liquid crystal in the film faces.
- the liquid crystal display medium is relatively moved with respect to the charger, and the charging of the liquid crystal Z polymer composite film by the charger is switched.
- the conductive layer formed under the polymer composite film acts as a transverse traverse path, and the portion of the liquid crystal / polymer composite film charged by the charger is statically conducted through the conductive layer to create a potential difference. A path arises.
- a vertical electric field force acts on the charged portion of the liquid crystal Z-high composite film, and when this electric field has a threshold value J ⁇ Lh necessary for liquid crystal alignment, the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal Z-high composite film Force E.
- FIG. 1 is a basic conceptual diagram showing a first embodiment of a liquid crystal alignment method and a liquid crystal alignment device of a liquid crystal display medium according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of another embodiment of the liquid crystal alignment method and the liquid crystal alignment device of the liquid crystal display medium of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of another liquid crystal alignment method using only electrodes.
- FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing a second embodiment of the liquid crystal alignment method and the liquid crystal alignment device of the liquid crystal display medium of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the liquid crystal alignment method and the liquid crystal alignment device of the liquid crystal display medium of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram showing still another embodiment of the liquid crystal alignment method and the liquid crystal alignment device of the liquid crystal display medium of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a S ⁇ Sfc diagram showing a third embodiment of the liquid crystal alignment method and the liquid crystal alignment device of the liquid crystal display medium of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the liquid crystal alignment method and the liquid crystal alignment device of the liquid crystal display medium of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic configuration diagram showing still another embodiment of the liquid crystal alignment method and the liquid crystal alignment device of the liquid crystal display medium of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a first embodiment of a liquid crystal alignment method and a liquid crystal alignment device of a liquid crystal display medium of the present invention, and also a diagram showing a basic concept of the method and the device of the present invention.
- a liquid crystal display medium 1 which is an object of the present invention includes a substrate 2, a conductor S 3 provided on the substrate 2, and a PDLC film (liquid crystal high composite film) 4 provided on the conductive layer 3. And a non-conductive layer 5 provided on the PDLC film 4.
- the non-m5 need not necessarily be provided.
- the substrate 2 is made of a conductive material such as a plastic sheet, for example, and the conductor m3 is made of a conductor, a metal-deposited film of ITO or aluminum, a metal foil, or the like.
- the PDLC film 4 is made of, for example, a material in which a smectic liquid crystal is dispersed in a high matrix.
- the electric field changes the orientation of the liquid crystal to a regular orientation such as a homeotropic pick orientation or a homogenous orientation.
- the display can be harmed by changing the state of irregular orientation such as random orientation.
- the non-conductive layer is made of a protective layer e for protecting the PDLC film and the conductive layer 3 (such as when the PDLC film 4 is not on the upper side) from being scratched, or a printed layer on which characters or the like are printed. Then, an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal display medium 1 from the display surface 19 side of the liquid crystal display medium 1 on which the PDLC film 4 is formed.
- the overlapping portion of the liquid crystal display medium 1 where the conductive layer 3 and the PDLC film 4 partially overlap is a display (possible) portion.
- the liquid crystal display medium 1 a medium in which the conductive layer M 3 and the PDLC film 4 are partially formed on the base material 2 can be considered.
- an intermediate layer 5a may be provided between the PDLC film 4 and the non-conductive layer 5 to prevent the formation of the non-conductive layer 5 from entering the PDLC film 4 and deteriorating the liquid crystal.
- the conductivity of the base material 2 is sufficiently lower than that of the PDLC film 4, for example, if the surface resistance is 10 12 [ ⁇ / sq] or less, the base material 2 itself may have the role of the conductive layer 3. Good. In this case, the base material 2 and the conductive layer 3 are the same.
- a liquid crystal display medium 1 using such a PDLC film 4 is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 71899/1992 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-294092 by USA, and among others, the microcapsule method is used.
- the fSi-based PDLC film 4 is excellent in various respects, and is disclosed by the present applicant in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. Hei 5-301489, Hei 6-33283, Hei 6-44735, Hei 6-119702. And the like.
- the liquid crystal alignment device 7 for a liquid crystal display medium according to the present invention is provided in non-contact with the display surface (non-conductive surface) 19 of the liquid crystal display medium 1 as shown in FIG. It has at least one charger 71 capable of being negatively charged and at least one grounded 2 provided in contact with the display surface 19. As described above, the charger 71 and the electrode 72 are arranged on the PDLC film 4 side of the liquid crystal display medium 1, and both the charger 71 and the electrode 72 constitute a portion.
- the power supply unit 20 for supplying mEE is connected to the charger 71 so that a constant power ii can be supplied between the charger 71 and the electrode 72. Further, the liquid crystal display medium 1 is moved by a known moving / conveying means 74 (see FIG.
- the charger 71 and the electrode 72 can be arranged at desired positions on the liquid crystal display medium 1. Therefore, the relative positional relationship between the liquid crystal display medium 1 and the charger 71 and the relative positional relationship between the liquid crystal display medium 1 and the electrode 72 are changed.
- the electrode 72 of the liquid crystal alignment device 7 is a flat plate as shown in FIG. 1, the electrode 72 is positioned above the display surface 19 of the liquid crystal display medium 1 brought to a predetermined position by the transport belt 74. Then, the charger 71 and the electrode 72 are lowered, and the electric field is applied by bringing 72 of the charger and the electrode 72 into contact with the display surface 19.
- a portion of the display surface 19 located below the charger 71 is charged, and a potential is applied to a portion in contact with the electrode 72.
- a PDLC film 4 is formed on the entire surface of the conductive layer 3 of the liquid crystal display medium 1
- a non-conductive layer 5 is formed on the entire surface of the PDLC film 4 as a protective layer. Therefore, an electric field acts on the PDLC film 4 in the lower part of the charger 71 and the electrode 72 in the vertical direction. (No, toching part) 4 1
- the timing of charging the display surface 19 by the charger 71 and the timing of contact of the grounded electrode 72 with the display surface 19 are not always the same. This is because the display surface 19 is a surface of the non-conductive layer 5 and has insulating performance, and therefore, the display surface 19 does not disappear immediately after being charged once. For this reason, the accuracy of adjusting the mutual positional relationship between the charger 71, the separator 72, and the liquid crystal display medium 1 becomes easy.
- FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the liquid crystal alignment method and the liquid crystal alignment device of the liquid crystal display medium according to the present invention.
- the liquid crystal alignment device 7 has a central charger 71 and a pair of rotatable ground rollers (ground electrodes) 72 on both sides of the charger 71 2.
- a pair of pressing rollers 73 made of an elastic material such as rubber (metal) is placed opposite to the ground rollers 72a and 72b. The contact force between the liquid crystal display medium 1 and the ground rollers 72a, 72b is reliably maintained by the pair of pressing rollers 73, 73.
- the liquid crystal display medium 1 is guided by a conveyance means 74 such as a conveyance belt, and moves from left to right in FIG.
- the charger 71 and the earth roller 72 b are fixed at predetermined positions, and the liquid crystal display medium 1 moves.
- the charger 71 and the ground rollers 72a and 72b do not necessarily have to be one each and need not be a pair.
- a ground roller 72b is also arranged on the downstream side to provide a constant potential difference between the ground roller 72b and the charger 71 and to ground the earth roller 72b. are doing. Therefore, the liquid crystal display medium 1 after the completion of the liquid crystal alignment processing is in a state where the electricity is removed by the ground roller 72b. Therefore, the liquid crystal display medium 1 does not need to be neutralized each time, which is convenient.
- the ground roller 72b located on the downstream side functions as a static elimination roller serving as a static eliminator.
- ground roller 72b at the downstream side and applying a constant potential difference between the ground roller 72b and the charger 71, electric field application and static elimination to the negative roller 72b can be performed. Both functions and effects can be combined. If a plurality of such ground rollers 72b for static elimination are provided, static elimination can be performed more completely.
- a conventionally known charger 71 can be used intensively, for example, a corotron charger including a tungsten wire and a guard electrode, and A scorotron charger having a grid electrode attached to the corotron charger 71 is exemplified.
- the electrode 72 is not limited to a flat electrode, and may be a roll-shaped electrode such as an earth roller 72a, 72b, a partially arc-shaped drum, or the like.
- the materials of the electrodes 72 are aluminum, copper, Flexible plastics and rubbers mixed with conductive materials such as metal such as uggel and stainless steel, carbon black, metal powder, and metal fiber can be used strongly.
- the contact surface of 72 is not a perfect mirror surface, so if 3 ⁇ 4 @ 72 is a flat plate, urethane, rubber, etc. mixed with a conductive material such as carbon black can be used to improve the contact.
- an elastic electrode 72 in which a metal film is provided on a flexible material by plating or the like.
- an elastic member such as rubber may be pressed against the surface of the liquid crystal display medium 1 opposite to the electrode 72.
- elastic 2 when elastic 2 is used, uniform and reliable contact can be obtained following the surface irregularities of the liquid crystal display medium 1. If the shape of the electrode 72 is in the form of a roll or a partially arcuate drum so that it can freely contact the surface of the liquid crystal display medium 1, smooth contact can be obtained by rotation.
- the charger 71 and the earth rollers 72 a and 72 b are fixed and the liquid crystal display medium 1 is moved by the transporting means 74, so that the liquid crystal display medium 1 Are aligned.
- the liquid crystal display medium 1 is fixed, and the earth rollers 72a and 72b are rotated and moved.
- the surface of the liquid crystal display medium 1 may be rolled, and the charger 71 may be moved flat with respect to the liquid crystal display medium 1, and the charger 71 and the ground rollers 72a, 72b may be integrated.
- the liquid crystal display medium 1 may be moved at the same time as the liquid crystal display medium 1 is moved.
- the PDLC film 4 When the PDLC film 4 is formed on a part of the liquid crystal display medium 1, at least one of the chargers 7 1 and 2 must be disposed on the PDLC film 4.
- the PDLC film 4 When the PDLC film 4 is formed on the entire liquid crystal display medium 1, the surface on the conductive layer 3 when the conductive layer 3 is provided, or the surface of the substrate 2 when the substrate 2 also serves as the conductive layer 3. May be.
- a heating roller 75 for heating the PDLC film 4 of the liquid crystal display medium 1 is further provided.
- the liquid crystal of the PDLC film 4 can be aligned with a lower potential difference.
- the orientation of the PDLC film 4 is determined by the potential difference between the surface potential of the liquid crystal display medium 1 due to the electrification and the potential of the conductor 13 when force charging by an electric field is used.
- the surface potential of the liquid crystal display medium 1 varies depending on the distance between the liquid crystal display medium 1 and the charger 71, the charging time, and the like, in order to generate the charging phenomenon, that is, ⁇ several thousand VJiL i ⁇ .
- the charging time is shortened, and the surface potential of the liquid crystal display medium 1 is reduced, so that the PDLC film 4 becomes difficult to be oriented.
- the PDLC film 4 is heated to increase the alignment, the liquid crystal can be easily aligned even if the charge potential is low, and high-speed alignment processing can be performed.
- the liquid crystal When the liquid crystal is heated, for example, in the PDLC film 4 using a smectic liquid crystal that transitions to a nematic phase on the high temperature side, the liquid crystal can be oriented in the nematic phase region, and thus can be oriented in a lower electric field. Further, in the PDLC film 4 using a liquid crystal in which a nematic phase appears in the process of cooling from the isotropic phase, after heating to the isotropic phase region, the liquid crystal can be aligned with a low voltage in the cooling process as described above. As a result, liquid crystal alignment can be performed more reliably and at higher speed. As a result, the danger of medium damage such as K due to the high potential of the liquid crystal surface can be avoided.
- the heating roller 75 may be provided not only on the PDLC film 4 side of the liquid crystal display medium 1 but also on both sides of the liquid crystal display medium 1.
- the liquid crystal alignment method and the liquid crystal alignment device of the liquid crystal display medium 1 of the present invention as described above are characterized in that an electric field is applied by the charger 71 and the electrode 72 grounded.
- the method of applying an electric field to the liquid crystal display medium 1 includes:
- the advantages and disadvantages of the methods (1) and (2) are summarized as follows.
- the method of (1) and (2) in which the electrode is in contact with the exposed conductive layer, it is necessary to expose the conductor.
- the method (2) there is also a method in which the exposed conductive layer is charged in a non-contact manner.
- the exposed portion is susceptible to damage such as transport damage.
- the conductive layer may be deteriorated from the side end surface.
- the PDLC film 4 covers the entire surface of the conductive layer 3 in the liquid crystal display medium 1, it is not necessary to extend the conductive layer 3 except for the portion where the PDLC film 4 is formed. 4 can be freely and freely set over the entire surface of the liquid crystal display medium 1, and the configuration of the liquid crystal display medium 1 is less restricted. Further, even when the conductive layer 3 and the PDLC film 4 are completely covered with the protective layer 5 and the like including the side end faces, the liquid crystal alignment can be performed.
- the use of the contact failure force which may occur when electrodes are used, is no longer used.
- the combination of SS72 and the charger 71 reduces the number of electrodes 72 by half. The probability of contact failure is halved. Therefore, the electric field can be stably applied to the liquid crystal display medium 1, and the power dissipation that can be used only once can be reduced as compared with the case where the charging phenomenon is used twice.
- the chargers 71 and 72 are used in combination, the size of the apparatus can be easily reduced.
- the liquid crystal display medium also has a liquid crystal alignment function with respect to a liquid crystal display medium in which the conductive layer 3 and the PDLC film 4 are covered with a nonconductive layer 5 such as a protective layer.
- the liquid crystal display medium 1 can be made to have a high liquid crystal alignment strength with respect to a structure in which the conductive layer 3 or the PDLC film 4 is covered with a non-conductive layer 5 such as a protective layer. It not only contributes to the reliability of the liquid crystal display medium 1 such as durability, etc., but also has the advantages of both the charging method and the electrode method, and can also eliminate those disadvantages.
- the earth roller 72b also as a static eliminator, the problem of residual charge inevitably required for the band type can be solved, and the non-contact band type force can be used. Further, if the number of the earth rollers 72a and 72 is minimized, the number of the ground rollers 72a and 72 can be reduced to one.
- the liquid crystal orientation method and the liquid crystal orientation state obtained by the liquid crystal orientation device of the liquid crystal display medium 1 of the present invention mean a regular orientation state such as a homeotropic pick orientation or a homogenous orientation with respect to the random orientation. .
- a regular alignment state may be either an erased state or a written state of display depending on the use of the liquid crystal display medium 1.
- the liquid crystal alignment method and the liquid crystal alignment device of the liquid crystal display medium of the present invention are particularly suitable for setting the entire display portion of the liquid crystal display medium 1 to an alignment state, and are most suitable as a display erasing method. is there.
- the liquid crystal alignment method and apparatus of the present invention are not limited to the erasing of the display as described above, and may be for damaging the display. Applying a pattern-like electric field to damage the display is ⁇ , and the charger 7 1 is not optimal.However, if the grounded 2 is made into a matrix and only the electrode 72 corresponding to the pattern is brought into contact If it is, the display can be written.
- liquid crystal alignment method and the liquid crystal alignment device of the present invention were evaluated as follows.
- Liquid crystal pointing device (erasing device)
- the following liquid crystal display medium 1 (liquid crystal display card) as shown in the schematic configuration diagram of FIG. 2 is transported and moved by the transporting means 74 composed of a transport belt.
- the transport length is 85 mm and the transport width is 54 mm.
- 71 corona chargers are provided, and a pair of rotatable ground rollers that are grounded are provided upstream and downstream of the corona charger 71.
- 72 a and 72 b were provided, and the charger 71 and the ground rollers 72 a and 72 b were fixedly arranged with respect to the liquid crystal display medium 1.
- This liquid crystal alignment device ⁇ is used as a display erasing device.
- ground rollers 72a and 72b metal rollers with a width of 6 Omm and a diameter of 1 Omm that can contact the entire width of the liquid crystal display medium being conveyed are used.
- the distance between the liquid crystal display medium 1 and the tungsten wire 71 was set to 10 mm.
- the liquid crystal display medium 1 was moved by the conveying means 74 composed of a conveying belt, passed through the ground rollers 72a and 72b and the charger 71, and Sometimes an electric field is applied.
- the display was written using a thermal head (not shown) used for the thermal printer (head resolution: 6 d0 t / mm ⁇ feSO. 4 mJ / dot)).
- a conductive layer 3 was provided by forming an ITO film on a substrate 2 made of a transparent polyethylene terephthalate film (188 m thick).
- a 1 m-thick adhesive layer made of polyester Z urethane resin is formed on the entire surface of the conductive layer 3, and a 10 m-thick PDLC film 4 having the following content is applied thereon, dried, and then formed.
- (Seika Beam manufactured by Dainichi Seika Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was applied to the entire surface and cured to form a 2 czm thick protective S (nonconductive) 5.
- the liquid crystal display medium 1 was punched out to a size of 85 ⁇ 54 mm, and the entire surface of one side was a display surface.
- the liquid crystal was used as a display state in a random orientation state, and a liquid crystal display state was used as an erasing state in a pick-up orientation. Due to the dichroic dye, the display is black and the erasure is white.
- PDL C film
- a liquid crystal (and a dichroic dye mixed with the liquid crystal) was ultrasonically dispersed and formed by liquid separation microencapsulated by an in-situ polymerization method.
- the output ⁇ of the corona charger 71 is set to +5
- the corona charger 71 is separated from the surface of the liquid crystal display medium 1 by 3 mm
- the transport speed of the liquid crystal display medium 1 is set to 500. mm, sec.
- the display of the liquid crystal display medium 1 is black with the entire surface harmed.
- the PDLC film 4 changed from black to white, and the entire display surface of the liquid crystal display medium 1 was in the erased state.
- the liquid crystal display medium 1 in which the characters were harmed by the harming device was similarly subjected to an erasing process by the liquid crystal alignment device ⁇ to bring the entire display surface into an erasing state. Then, as a result of repeating the damage replacement 1000 times, the display contrast was satisfactory and the PDLC film 4 of the liquid crystal display medium 1 was free of rupture.
- the conductive layer 3 is protected by the PDLC film 4 and the protective layer 5, and the PDLC film 4 is protected by the protective layer 5.
- defects were not generated in the conductive layer 3 and the PDLC film 4, and stable rewriting was performed. Comparative example
- the constituent material of the liquid crystal display medium 1 is the same as that of the liquid crystal display medium 1 shown in FIG. 1, except that the PDLC film 4 is formed on a part of the conductive layer 3 and the conductive layer 3 is formed.
- a liquid crystal display medium 1 which was exposed to light and had no protection 5 was used.
- the electrode 72 having difficulty was brought into contact with the conductive layer 3 and the electrode 76 having a potential difference (+300 V) between the electrode 72 and the PDLC film 4 was erased.
- the electrodes 72 and 76 were shaped like a roller.
- the PDLC film 4 may cover the entire surface of the conductive layer 3 in the liquid crystal display medium 1, the conductive layer 3 may be extended to a portion other than the portion where the PDLC film 4 is formed. There is no provision of a terminal portion or the like, and the display portion using the PDLC film 4 can be made as large as the entire surface of the liquid crystal display medium 1. Further, even when a display section is provided in a part of the liquid crystal display medium 1, the display section can be set freely, and there are few restrictions on the configuration of the liquid crystal display medium.
- the liquid crystal display medium 1 includes at least a base material 2 made of an insulating material, a conductive layer 3, a PDLC film (liquid crystal Z polymer composite film) 4, and protection provided if necessary. And layer 5.
- the base material 2 is made of, for example, an insulating material such as plastic
- the conductive layer 3 is made of a transparent electrode such as an ITO film, a vapor-deposited film of a metal such as aluminum, a metal foil, or the like.
- the PDLC film 4 is composed of, for example, a liquid crystal in which a smectic liquid crystal is dispersed in a high matrix.After heating above the liquid crystal phase transition temperature, the liquid crystal is randomly arranged by cooling, and the liquid crystal is vertically aligned by an electric field. Or, the film is capable of rewriting display information ⁇ possible by being oriented horizontally.
- the protective layer 5 is for preventing damage to the PDLC film 4 and the like, and is formed by coating a laminated resin film or resin liquid. If the conductive layer 3 and the PDLC film 4 partially overlap, this portion becomes a displayable portion, and these may be formed partially on the base material.
- the liquid crystal alignment device 7 emits positive or negative ions for charging the surface of the liquid crystal display medium 1 on the side of the PDLC film 4, that is, one positive and one negative as a charger capable of positively or negatively charging.
- a charger 71a and a charger 71b a charger 71a and a charger 71b.
- the chargers 71a and 71b can be fixed or movable at an arbitrary position on the liquid crystal display medium 1. When moving the chargers 71a and 71b, move the chargers 71a and 7lb using a belt or the like (not shown).
- the liquid crystal display medium 1 When the liquid crystal display medium 1 is moved, the liquid crystal display medium 1 is moved by a transfer means 74 (see FIG. 6) such as a moving table for transferring the liquid crystal display medium 1.
- a transfer means 74 such as a moving table for transferring the liquid crystal display medium 1.
- the positional relationship between the chargers 71a and 71b and the liquid crystal display medium may be relative movement, and one or both of them may move.
- grid chargers 71a, 71b fixedly arranged in a matrix are used as the plurality of chargers 71, 71b, and the charging potentials of the ⁇ chargers 71a, 71b constituting the chargers are changed over time.
- the orientation state of the PDLC film 4 may be changed.
- the chargers 71 a and 71 b connected to the power supply unit 20 allow the conductive layer 3 of the liquid crystal display medium 1 to be driven.
- the formed surface is charged positively and negatively by corner discharge.
- the charger 71a is charged with positive ions
- the charger 71b is charged with negative ions.
- the charger 71a may be charged with negative ions
- the charger 71b may be charged with positive and negative polarities.
- the surface on the PDLC film 4 is charged at least at one location to be charged. In FIG.
- the PDLC film 4 is formed over the entire area on the conductive layer 3 and the protection 5 is also formed within the range shown in FIG. 4, so that both the chargers 71a and 71b have the PDLC film.
- the protective layer surface 5 on 4 will be charged.
- any conventionally known chargers can be used.
- a corotron charger including a tungsten wire and a guard electrode A scoroton charger with a grid electrode can be used.
- the chargers 71a and 71b may be arranged in a pair on the one surface of the liquid crystal display medium 1 in parallel with the positive and negative chargers 71a and 71b. It is also possible to form a charger group in which a pair of positive and negative chargers are arranged in a duplicate manner. Also figure As shown in Fig. 5, each of the positive and negative chargers 71a and one charger 71b, one positive or negative charger 71c, and a total of three charger groups O
- the positive / negative charging may be switched by changing the polarity while moving the liquid crystal display medium 1 or the charging device 71 using one charging device 71, and an electric field may be applied to an arbitrary portion.
- an electric field force equal to or larger than the threshold is generated in the PDLC film 4
- the liquid crystal is aligned, but it is preferable to apply an equipotential to eliminate the residual power after the alignment treatment and to eliminate the electric charge. If the charge remains, it can be removed by grounding.
- FIG. 6 shows a configuration having a heat roll as the heating means 75.
- the liquid crystal display medium 1 is heated by a heating means 75 composed of two heat rolls on the front and back during transportation, and moves to a charged portion.
- the smectic liquid crystal of the PDLC film 4 becomes a nematic phase, and the alignment force of the liquid crystal can be reduced with a lower electric field.
- the charging phenomenon usually requires the output power of the charger of ⁇ 5 kV or more, the output is not low, but when the liquid crystal display medium 1 is transported by the transport means 74, it is heated even faster. There is an advantage that can be erased.
- a coating liquid for forming a PDLC film was applied on the conductive layer 3 and dried to form a 10 ⁇ m-thick PDLC film 4 on the entire surface of the film.
- an ultraviolet curable resin ⁇ Seika Beam manufactured by Nissei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- a card-shaped liquid crystal display medium 1 was formed by punching into a size of 85 ⁇ 54 mm. In the display, the state where the orientation of the liquid crystal was random was used as the display state, and the state where the liquid crystal was vertically oriented was used as the erased state.
- the PDLC film 4 was formed by dispersing a liquid crystal (and a dichroic dye mixed with the liquid crystal) by ultrasonic dispersion, and using a dispersion coating solution prepared by using an in-situ polymerization method as a microcapsule method.
- ⁇ of the PDLC film is as follows.
- the corotron chargers one for each of the corona chargers 71a and 71b for positive ions and negative ions, are placed in parallel at a distance of 10mm and in a position where they are not in contact with the liquid crystal display medium Then, the device (erase device) shown in Fig. 6 was constructed. Write process
- the display was written by heating the PDLC film with 0.4 mJZdot.
- the alignment state of the liquid crystal of the PDLC film 4 immediately after the liquid crystal display medium 1 was formed is in a random state, and the entire surface is black.
- the two chargers 71a and 71b are separated by 3 mm from the surface of the liquid crystal display medium 1, and one charger 71a is +5 kV, and the other charger 71b is — At 5 kV, corona charging was performed while transporting the liquid crystal display medium 1 at a speed of 30 m / min.
- the conductive layer 3 became a horizontal transverse electric body, and the display was changed from black to transparent and erased.
- the durability against rewriting by the above-mentioned damaging treatment and erasing treatment was as good as 1,000 L / h, and it was confirmed that the liquid crystal alignment method and the liquid crystal alignment device according to the present invention were excellent.
- the thermal head comes into contact with the liquid crystal display medium 1, but the erasing process can be performed in a non-contact manner. Since the conductive film is protected by the PDLC film and the protective layer, the conductive layer Defects such as scratches do not occur, and uniform and stable harmful replacement is possible.
- an electric field is applied using the charging phenomenon of particles emitted from a charger, and alignment can be performed without contacting a liquid crystal display medium.
- the problem of conductive breakdown due to ⁇ ⁇ generated due to poor grounding, as seen in the conventional method of applying an electric field by grounding the conductive portion exposed on the surface of the liquid crystal display medium, is solved.
- the part where the liquid crystal is aligned is the surface part where the charged particles discharged from the charger are charged, and the entire surface except for the surface structure such as the protrusion of the projection in the charging surface.
- the liquid crystal can be uniformly aligned over the entire area.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram showing one example of the liquid crystal alignment method and the liquid crystal alignment device of the present invention.
- the liquid crystal display medium 1 includes a base material 2, a conductive layer 3, a PDLC film (liquid crystal Z high composite film) 4, and a protective layer 5 provided as needed.
- the substrate 2 is usually made of an insulating material such as plastic, and the conductor 3 is made of a transparent electrode such as an ITO film, or a metal vapor-deposited film such as aluminum or a metal foil.
- the PDLC film 4 is made of, for example, a liquid crystal in which a smectic liquid crystal is dispersed in a polymer matrix. It is a film that can be replaced.
- the MJ15 is for preventing damage to the PDLC film and the like, and is made of a laminated resin film / resin liquid. If the conductive layer 3 and the PDLC film 4 partially overlap each other, this portion becomes a displayable portion, and these may be partially formed on the base material 2.
- the liquid crystal alignment device 7 includes at least a pair of electrodes 78 a and 78 b having different potentials for applying a potential to the surface of the liquid crystal display medium 1 on the PDLC film 4 side.
- the electrodes 788a and 788b can be fixed or movable at an arbitrary position on the liquid crystal display medium 1, and when the electrodes 780a and 788b are moved, the electrodes are moved up and down with a drive belt.
- a moving means (not shown) for moving is provided.
- a moving means such as a moving table for moving the liquid crystal display medium 1 (see FIG. 9)
- the relative positions of 8a, 78b and liquid crystal display medium 1 are relative. , One or both, or both.
- the conductive layer 3 of the liquid crystal display medium 1 is formed by the electrodes 78 a and 78 connected to the power supply unit 20 using the liquid crystal alignment device 7 illustrated in FIG.
- Different potentials are applied to the surface of the portion where the light is applied.
- the electrode 78a has a positive potential
- the electrode 78b has a zero potential (different potentials may be used.
- the potential may be positive and negative).
- at least one place where the electrodes 78a and 78b are brought into contact is a surface on the PDLC film 4.
- the PDLC film 4 is formed over the entire area on the conductive layer 3 and the protective layer 5 is formed over the entire area on the PDLC film 4. Is in contact with the surface of the protective layer 5 on the PDLC film 4.
- the Va-protective layer 5 the PDL C film 4—the conductive layer 3—the PDL C film 4—the protective layer 5—In the Vb path, a potential difference corresponding to the difference between Va and Vb is generated, and the conductive layer 3 becomes a cross-sectional path, and a vertical electric field is applied to the PDLC film 4 at a position that is horizontally separated, and the liquid crystal Vertical or horizontal alignment is performed.
- the current flowing on the surface of the liquid crystal display medium 1 between the contact portions of the two adjacent electrodes 78a and 78b flows preferentially to ⁇ ⁇ before passing vertically through the PDLC film 4. If the resistance of the surface portion is low, or if the distance between the contact portions of the adjacent electrodes 78a and 78b is too short, the force on the surface path is stronger than the potential difference path that passes through the PDLC film 4 vertically. ⁇ Becomes dominant, and the potential difference cannot be applied preferentially to the PDLC film 4.
- the protective layer 5 is formed, depending on its thickness, it is necessary to have a volume resistivity greater than that of the layer below the protective layer 5.
- the separation may be performed in such a manner that a pair of different potentials 8a and 78b may be arranged in a row on one side of the liquid crystal display medium 1, and electrodes 7 having different potentials may be arranged.
- 8a and 78b may be used as an electrode group in which a plurality of pairs of electrodes are arranged in pairs, or as shown in FIG. A group in which one electrode 78c having a third potential different from b and having a third potential, three in total, may be arranged.
- the number of the electrodes 78a and 78b to be contacted is 2 R-h, and orientation is possible when two or more electrodes of different potentials are in contact at the same time.
- the potentials of the electrodes 78a and 78b are different from each other, for example, when a potential difference of 300V is applied between the electrodes 78a and 78b, 8a is set to 0V which is the ground potential, and 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 478b is set to +300 V Alternatively, the electrode 78a may be set to 150V and the electrode 72b may be set to + 150V. Further, 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ to be applied may be AC or DC.
- the 8a and 78b used for the liquid crystal alignment device include metals such as aluminum, nickel, nickel, etc., transparent conductive thin films such as ITO films, and conductive materials such as carbon black, metal powder, and gold.
- Flexible plastic rubber can be used.
- the surfaces where the electrodes 78a and 78b are in contact are not completely mirror-finished, so in order to improve the contact, use a soft material such as urethane rubber or rubber mixed with a conductive material such as carbon black.
- an elastic member such as rubber may be pressed against the liquid crystal display medium 1 on the opposite side of @@ 78a and 78b.
- the electrodes 78a and 78b When the electrodes 78a and 78b are pressed in this manner, the electrodes 78a and 78b follow the unevenness of the surface of the liquid crystal display medium 1 to be contacted, and the electrodes 78a and 78b are uniformly contacted to improve the contact. Can be. If the contact is insufficient, there is a danger that the liquid crystal display medium 1 may be broken due to air when a high voltage is applied.
- the shape of the electrodes 78a and 78b may be a roll shape as shown in FIG. 9 in addition to the planar shape of the contact surface force shown in FIG. In FIG. 9, the two roll electrodes 78a and 78b are in contact with the upper surface of the PDLC film 4.
- the electrodes 78a and 78b are formed in a roll shape, the electrodes 78a and 78b can be brought into rotational contact by rotation of the roll.
- a rotatable rubber roll 73 is arranged to face the rotatable electrodes 78a and 78b, and the liquid crystal display medium 1 conveyed between the rubber roll 73 and the electrodes 78a and 78b is sandwiched.
- reliable electrode contact can be obtained.
- the electrodes 78 a and 78 b to be brought into contact with the PDLC film 4 are roll electrodes, and the electrodes to be brought into contact with other non-display portions are moved together with the liquid crystal display medium 1 by pressing the surface of the liquid crystal display medium 1. It may be a flat electrode.
- the relative positional relationship between the liquid crystal display medium 1 and the electrodes 78a and 78b can be arbitrarily arranged.
- the liquid crystal display medium 1 is placed on a transfer means 74 comprising a conveyor and is continuously contacted with a roll electrode fixed at a fixed position of the apparatus.
- a transfer means 74 comprising a conveyor and is continuously contacted with a roll electrode fixed at a fixed position of the apparatus.
- the hidden electrodes 78a and 78b can be fixed in a simple configuration.
- the electrodes 78a and 78b are located at a position away from the liquid crystal display medium 1 and above the necessary portions. a, 78 b are moved and then pressed against the liquid crystal display medium 1.
- the contact surfaces of the electrodes 78a and 78b to be brought into contact with the upper surface of the PDLC film 4 are formed in a desired concavo-convex pattern, and the surfaces in contact with the electrodes 78a and 78b are formed in a pattern to form the PDLC film. It is also possible to partially align the liquid crystal of No. 4.
- the heating for further heating the PDLC film 4 is performed.
- the alignment of the liquid crystal can be performed at a lower voltage.
- a step 75 is provided, and the step 75 is composed of a heat roll.
- the liquid crystal display medium 1 is heated by a step 73 composed of two heat rolls on the front and back during the transportation, and moves to a voltage application portion.
- the liquid crystal When the liquid crystal is heated, for example, when a smectic liquid crystal that changes to a nematic phase by heating is used as the PDLC film 4, the liquid crystal aligns in the nematic phase region using the heating means 75 of J ⁇ . In this case, the liquid crystal can be oriented with a lower electric field igfl.
- the conductive layer 3 is not particularly exposed to the liquid crystal display medium 1 without damaging the conductive layer 3 without being exposed.
- the orientation of the liquid crystal can be reliably changed without damaging the PDLC film 4, and the display on the display unit composed of the PDLC film 4 is changed. Erasing or image formation is possible.
- the protective layer 5 may be provided as described above, or a print layer provided in a later embodiment may be provided.
- the liquid a for forming the base material 2, the conductive layer 3, and the PDLC film 4 constituting the liquid crystal display medium and the polymer, each material of the protective layer 5, the forming method, the layer thickness, etc. are described in JP-A-5-3014. No. 89, Japanese Patent Application No. 6-33283, Japanese Patent Application No. 6-44735, and Japanese Patent Application No. 6-1 19702 are used.
- a transparent polyethylene terephthalate film (thickness: 188 / zm) having an IT0 film (area resistance value: 10 2 ⁇ / ⁇ ) as the conductive layer 3 was used as the base material 2 on which the conductive layer S3 was formed, and was formed on the conductive layer.
- a coating liquid for forming a PDLC film was applied and dried to form a PDLC film 4 having a thickness of 10 // m on the entire surface of the film.
- an ultraviolet-curable resin (Seika Beam manufactured by Dainichi Seika Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was applied to the entire surface and cured to form a protective layer 5 having a thickness of 2 / zm.
- a card-shaped liquid crystal display medium 1 was punched out to a size of 85 ⁇ 54 mm.
- the state where the orientation of the liquid crystal was random was used as the display state, and the state where the liquid crystal was vertically aligned was used as the erased state.
- the PDLC film 4 was formed by dispersing a liquid crystal (and a dichroic dye mixed with the liquid crystal) by ultrasonic dispersion, and using a dispersion coating solution prepared by using an in-situ polymerization method as a microcapsule method.
- the main components of the PDLC film are as follows.
- Rolled electrodes 78a and 78b are made of stainless steel as the material composition, and two 1 @ 's with a diameter of 1 Omm and a width of 5 Omm are parallel to the liquid crystal display medium with a rotation axis of 15 mm apart. It was arranged in the position where it touched. In addition, rubber rollers 73, 73 of the same size as electrodes 78a, 78b are placed on the opposite side of electrodes 78a, 78b for liquid crystal display medium 1, and liquid crystal display medium 1 and 8a, 78b are in sufficient contact. A device (erasure / concealment) as shown in Fig. 4 was configured.
- the alignment state of the liquid crystal of the PDLC film 4 immediately after the liquid crystal display medium 1 was formed is in a random state, and the entire surface is black.
- liquid crystal alignment device 7 In the liquid crystal alignment device 7 described above, 3 mm is separated from the surface of the liquid crystal display medium 1 so as to be in contact with the two electrodes 78a and 78b, the other 8a is set to + 300V, and the m @ is set to the ground state (0V ), A voltage was applied while the liquid crystal display medium 1 was conveyed and moved.
- the conductive layer becomes a horizontal transverse conductive path, and the display changes from black to transparent and is erased.
- the damage replacement durability by the above-mentioned writing and erasing treatments was as good as 1000 times or more, and it was confirmed that the liquid crystal alignment method and the liquid crystal alignment device according to the present invention were excellent.
- the thermal head contacts the liquid crystal display medium 1, and in the erasing process, the electrodes 78a and 78b contact, but the conductive layer 3 is protected by the PDLC film 4 and the protective layer 5.
- defects such as scratches do not occur in the conductive layer 3, and the electrodes 78 a and 78 b and the liquid crystal display medium 1 can be sufficiently contacted by the electrodes and the rubber roller to achieve uniform It was a stable rewriting power.
- the liquid crystal alignment method and the liquid crystal alignment device of the present invention it is not necessary to expose the conductive part of the liquid crystal display medium 1 where the electrodes 78 a and 78 b for applying the electric field are in contact. Even if there is a non-conductive or insulating layer such as the protective layer 5 or the PDLC film 4 on the conductive layer 3, the liquid crystal can be aligned. Therefore, the problem of rupture of the conductive layer 3 as in the conventional method of applying an electric field by grounding the conductive portion 3 exposed on the surface of the liquid crystal display medium 1 is solved.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/704,712 US5847786A (en) | 1995-01-20 | 1996-01-22 | Method of orienting liquid crystal of liquid crystal display medium and apparatus for carrying out the same |
EP96900732A EP0754961A4 (en) | 1995-01-20 | 1996-01-22 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ORIENTATION OF LIQUID CRYSTALS IN A DISPLAY DEVICE |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP7024515A JPH08202294A (ja) | 1995-01-20 | 1995-01-20 | 液晶表示媒体の液晶配向方法及び液晶配向装置 |
JP7/24515 | 1995-01-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1996022560A1 true WO1996022560A1 (fr) | 1996-07-25 |
Family
ID=12140318
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1996/000106 WO1996022560A1 (fr) | 1995-01-20 | 1996-01-22 | Procede et appareil d'orientation de cristaux liquides dans un dispositif d'affichage |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5847786A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0754961A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPH08202294A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1996022560A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5892558A (en) * | 1997-06-26 | 1999-04-06 | Gl Displays, Inc. | Wire electrode structure based on 2 or 3 terminal device employed in a liquid crystal display |
KR100553114B1 (ko) * | 1998-09-30 | 2006-05-30 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 배향막의 열처리 방법 및 이의 열처리 장치 |
US6788362B2 (en) * | 2002-08-16 | 2004-09-07 | Eastman Kodak Company | Pigment layer for polymer-dispersed liquid crystal displays |
US6844904B2 (en) * | 2002-12-07 | 2005-01-18 | Cubic Corporation | Fast PDLC device |
JP4649882B2 (ja) * | 2004-01-21 | 2011-03-16 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 画像書込み装置 |
WO2005077665A1 (en) * | 2004-02-09 | 2005-08-25 | Sun Chemical Corporation | Reversible thermochromic systems |
TWI246608B (en) * | 2004-12-10 | 2006-01-01 | Hon Hai Prec Ind Co Ltd | Method and equipment for manufacturing a polarizer |
JP5291894B2 (ja) * | 2007-05-23 | 2013-09-18 | 国立大学法人山梨大学 | メモリ素子、データ記録方法及びicタグ |
KR20100003565A (ko) * | 2008-07-01 | 2010-01-11 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 액정 표시 장치의 제조 방법 |
WO2017074340A1 (en) | 2015-10-28 | 2017-05-04 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Passive e-paper imaging |
Citations (6)
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JPH0434517A (ja) * | 1990-05-31 | 1992-02-05 | Victor Co Of Japan Ltd | 印刷装置 |
JPH0471889A (ja) * | 1990-07-13 | 1992-03-06 | Canon Inc | インクシートカートリッジ及び前記インクシートカートリッジを用いる記録装置 |
JPH0566375A (ja) * | 1991-09-09 | 1993-03-19 | Seiko Epson Corp | 出力装置 |
JPH05167780A (ja) * | 1991-12-13 | 1993-07-02 | Mita Ind Co Ltd | 画像形成装置 |
JPH05257133A (ja) * | 1992-03-16 | 1993-10-08 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 表示記録媒体、方法および装置 |
JPH05301489A (ja) * | 1991-11-20 | 1993-11-16 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 書き換え可能なカード |
Family Cites Families (7)
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US4712878A (en) * | 1985-01-18 | 1987-12-15 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Color image forming apparatus comprising ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal having at least two stable states |
EP0378293B1 (en) * | 1989-01-09 | 1994-09-14 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display device and its driving method |
JPH0471899A (ja) * | 1990-07-11 | 1992-03-06 | Victor Co Of Japan Ltd | 情報記録カード |
US5583670A (en) * | 1992-01-10 | 1996-12-10 | Dia Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | Polymer dispersed liquid crystal information recording medium with information recording layer comprising acrylic or methacrylic resin having molecular weight of 25,000 to 100,000 and information recording and reproducing method |
US5351143A (en) * | 1992-02-07 | 1994-09-27 | Kabushiki Kaisha Pilot | Hand-writable polymer dispersed liquid crystal board set with high resistance layer of crosslinking polymer adjacent conductive layer |
EP0585000A3 (en) * | 1992-08-21 | 1994-06-08 | Hitachi Ltd | A sheet processing apparatus, and a facsimile system incorporating such an apparatus |
JPH08183281A (ja) * | 1994-12-28 | 1996-07-16 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 切符及びその書換処理装置 |
-
1995
- 1995-01-20 JP JP7024515A patent/JPH08202294A/ja active Pending
-
1996
- 1996-01-22 WO PCT/JP1996/000106 patent/WO1996022560A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-01-22 EP EP96900732A patent/EP0754961A4/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-01-22 US US08/704,712 patent/US5847786A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JPH0434517A (ja) * | 1990-05-31 | 1992-02-05 | Victor Co Of Japan Ltd | 印刷装置 |
JPH0471889A (ja) * | 1990-07-13 | 1992-03-06 | Canon Inc | インクシートカートリッジ及び前記インクシートカートリッジを用いる記録装置 |
JPH0566375A (ja) * | 1991-09-09 | 1993-03-19 | Seiko Epson Corp | 出力装置 |
JPH05301489A (ja) * | 1991-11-20 | 1993-11-16 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 書き換え可能なカード |
JPH05167780A (ja) * | 1991-12-13 | 1993-07-02 | Mita Ind Co Ltd | 画像形成装置 |
JPH05257133A (ja) * | 1992-03-16 | 1993-10-08 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 表示記録媒体、方法および装置 |
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Title |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0754961A1 (en) | 1997-01-22 |
US5847786A (en) | 1998-12-08 |
EP0754961A4 (en) | 1998-01-07 |
JPH08202294A (ja) | 1996-08-09 |
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