WO1995025633A1 - Tube incurve, son procede et son appareil de production - Google Patents
Tube incurve, son procede et son appareil de production Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1995025633A1 WO1995025633A1 PCT/JP1994/001415 JP9401415W WO9525633A1 WO 1995025633 A1 WO1995025633 A1 WO 1995025633A1 JP 9401415 W JP9401415 W JP 9401415W WO 9525633 A1 WO9525633 A1 WO 9525633A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- preform
- mold
- cavity
- tube
- fiber
- Prior art date
Links
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
- B32B1/08—Tubular products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
- B62K19/00—Cycle frames
- B62K19/02—Cycle frames characterised by material or cross-section of frame members
- B62K19/16—Cycle frames characterised by material or cross-section of frame members the material being wholly or mainly of plastics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B49/00—Stringed rackets, e.g. for tennis
- A63B49/02—Frames
- A63B49/10—Frames made of non-metallic materials, other than wood
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B49/00—Stringed rackets, e.g. for tennis
- A63B49/02—Frames
- A63B49/10—Frames made of non-metallic materials, other than wood
- A63B49/11—Frames made of non-metallic materials, other than wood with inflatable tubes, e.g. inflatable during fabrication
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B60/00—Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B60/00—Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like
- A63B60/06—Handles
- A63B60/08—Handles characterised by the material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fiber reinforced plastic (hereinafter, also referred to as FRP) bent pipe and a method and an apparatus for manufacturing the same, and particularly to an optimum structure, a manufacturing method and an apparatus applied to an FRP racket. .
- FRP fiber reinforced plastic
- a woven prepreg or a unidirectional prepreg made of carbon fiber or glass fiber as a reinforcing fiber, or a cross-laminated prepreg obtained by crossing the unidirectional prepregs in a predetermined manner is used.
- a resin or rubber expandable tube (tube of a film-like material having expandability) is coated one layer at a time. Wrap around the core material and laminate.
- the core material is removed, the obtained preform is placed in a mold, and a pressurized medium (for example, compressed air) is injected into the expandable tube while the mold is being heated and press-formed (generally, “internal pressure forming method”). is called. ) .
- a pressurized medium for example, compressed air
- the preform is set to have an outer peripheral length smaller than the inner peripheral length of the mold cavity so that the preform can be easily charged into the die.
- the preform is pressed against the cavity wall by the pressure of the pressurized medium introduced into the expandable tube.
- a prepreg 203 is layered on a core material 202 coated with an expandable tube 201. Since the layers are wound and stacked, an overlapping portion (overlapping portion) is generated for each layer. Eventually, all layers need to move (displace) in the circumferential direction during heating and pressure molding in the mold, but movement may not be achieved completely due to the large number of overlapping parts. As a result, the outer layer may not reach the cavity wall surface, or even if it does, it may not be possible to generate the desired pressing force against the wall surface. ⁇ Molding failure such as insufficient resin occurs Often. For this reason, there is a problem that the surface quality and strength of the molded product vary greatly.
- the prepreg 203 is wound around the core material 202 one layer at a time, so that there is also a problem that the working efficiency is very poor.
- molding as shown in FIG. 44 is performed in the mold.
- 204 is an expandable tube after the core material 202 has been removed
- 205 is a preform
- 206 and 207 are molds
- 208 is a mold mating surface.
- Numeral 209 is a core that forms a gut groove of the racket and retreats when the mold is released.
- the bucket is composed of a complex curved surface and is molded in a closed cavity. Therefore, the bracket is located farthest from the mold mating surface 208 and has a small curvature as shown in Fig. 45. A pinhole 210 easily occurs. These had to be putty-filled, which reduced productivity.
- an internal pressure is applied to a preform having only a high density of reinforced textiles in the surface layer, which is composed of only a woven prepreg, a unidirectional prepreg, and a cross-laminated prepreg, and is subjected to heat molding.
- the high-density reinforcing fibers that adhered to the cavity walls impaired the flow of the resin, causing the deaeration to deteriorate.
- the fluidity of the resin is reduced and the degassing property is impaired, the above-described voids and pinholes 210 are likely to be generated, and the surface quality is also deteriorated.
- a relatively low pressure for example, 0.8 MPa or less with compressed air
- a relatively low pressure for example, 0.8 MPa or less with compressed air
- the prepreg was covered with an expandable tube, one by one, in a predetermined lamination order such that the orientation direction of the reinforcing fibers was the desired direction.
- a rolling table method of arranging a prepreg on a table, rolling the core material covered with an expandable tube and winding the prepreg.
- the role of the pressurizing medium is to press the preform against the cavity wall until the resin is thermally cured.
- a nitrogen gas of 0.6 MPa or more is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 56-16662, and a 3MPa gas is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 53-9643.
- Gas is usually used, as exemplified by compressed air having a pressure of a.
- gas is a compressible fluid, so if it exceeds 1.5 MPa, there is a drawback that handling is dangerous and equipment costs rise. Therefore, it is not practical to suppress the occurrence of surface defects by increasing the pressure of the gas. For this reason, relatively low-pressure gas is used, but if low-pressure gas is used, surface defects due to low pressure will inevitably occur, and the cost of correcting these surface defects in the post-processing will be inevitable. Was leading to a cost increase.
- a solventless resin is used, but such a resin has a high viscosity. Therefore, there is a problem that it is difficult to impregnate the braid, and in particular, it is difficult to impregnate the braid as it becomes multiple. In addition, it is necessary to select a low-viscosity resin in order to facilitate resin impregnation, and the degree of freedom in resin selection is small. If the resin has high viscosity, it will be necessary to reduce the production rate. Also, the braid has a larger surface irregularity than the unidirectional prepreg, and there is a problem that defects such as voids and pinholes are easily generated on the surface of the molded product.
- the braid is braided in a stretched state according to the tension at the time of braiding, but because the tissue is loose, it has elasticity.When the tension is released, the braid recovers and becomes thicker, and the thickness and length are not stable There is also a problem.
- triaxial tubular braid is used in order to solve the problem concerning the elasticity of the braid. While the problem of shrinkage can be solved, the elasticity in the circumferential direction also decreases, and the fit to the cavity wall, which is an advantage of using a braid, is greatly impaired.
- a pressure tube is put on a mandrel made of a bundle of steel wires, a helical winding layer of reinforced textile is formed, and then the mandrel is pulled out to form a preform.
- a preform put it in the cavity of the lower mold having the cavity of the desired rack shape, close the upper mold, and apply the resin to the cavity while pressurizing the inside of the tube without depressurizing the inside of the cavity. It is injected and impregnated into a preform and molded.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-176603 discloses a method in which a preform of a reinforcing fiber is placed in a mold cavity, and then a molten ⁇ -lactam containing a polymerization catalyst and an initiator is placed in the cavity. And then polymerize by heating to form a racket with a polyimide resin as a matrix.
- the polymerization reaction in the cavity involves a rapid reaction, It is difficult to set the amount of the initiator and the temperature, and it is difficult to control the degree of polymerization and the reaction time. Therefore, there are problems such as easy generation of voids.
- voids and pinholes are formed on the surface of the frame, the surface quality will be impaired, and if the resin content is different, the physical properties will be reduced and the weight balance will be lost, resulting in a lower commercial value.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing method and an apparatus which can prevent the occurrence of void-pinholes and resin-deficient portions on the surface of a molded product, and have excellent work efficiency, and
- An object of the present invention is to provide an FRP bent tube and a bracket having stable quality with excellent quality and characteristics.
- the FRP bent pipe of the present invention has a reinforcing fiber layer disposed inside, and a single yarn diameter of not more than 20 zm and a basis weight of 100 m outside the reinforcing fiber layer. It is characterized by comprising 2 or less nonwoven fabric layers.
- the FRP-made racket according to the present invention is a fiber-reinforced plastics bracket, in which a reinforcing fiber layer is disposed inside, and a single yarn diameter of 20 m or less is provided outside the reinforcing fiber layer. It is characterized by comprising a nonwoven fabric layer having a basis weight of 100 g Zm 2 or less.
- the nonwoven fabric layer functions as an outflow path for allowing the matrix resin subjected to the internal pressure to easily reach the mating surface of the mold.
- a resin discharged from the mating surface of the mold, it embraces the air bubbles inside the preformed molding base material and in the surface layer, so that the degassing property is improved, and the surface quality with very few voids and pinholes is good.
- a molded article is obtained.
- the amount of resin discharged is increased as compared with the conventional racket, so that the weight of the molded body can be reduced, and the strength of the outer shell layer can be increased due to an increase in the volume content of the entire outer shell layer. . Therefore, a bent tube or a bracket having good appearance, surface quality, and excellent strength characteristics can be obtained.
- the single yarn diameter of the fibers of the nonwoven fabric layer exceeds 20 m, the density of the nonwoven fabric layer becomes large, so that the surface smoothness of the molded article is impaired, which leads to excessive resin outflow.
- the basis weight of the fiber exceeds 100 g Zm 2 , it also leads to excessive outflow of the resin, causing voids and pinholes, and lowering the strength. Ma
- the basis weight is too large, the weight of the molded article is increased, and the above-described low basis weight is also preferable from this aspect.
- high-strength and high-modulus fibers such as carbon fibers, glass fibers, and various organic fibers (for example, polyaramid fibers) can be used.
- carbon fiber, glass fiber, polyaramid fiber, and the like can be used.
- Carbon fiber is most preferred as the fiber of the nonwoven fabric layer because it has a low specific gravity, has a fine fiber diameter, and does not easily fluff during polishing after molding.
- Reinforced textile materials are woven or woven prepregs, unidirectional prepregs, and cross-laminated prepregs in which unidirectional prepregs are stacked such that the directions of the reinforcing fibers intersect. is there.
- the reinforcing fiber layer includes a unidirectionally aligned fiber of the reinforcing fiber in which the reinforcing fiber is aligned in one direction, and the arrangement direction of the reinforcing fibers in the reinforcing fiber layer intersects in at least two directions.
- a reinforcing fiber layer containing a woven layer or a braided layer of reinforcing fibers may be included.
- a combination of the one-way aligned body and the one that intersects in two directions can be adopted.
- the reinforcing fiber layer having such a form has a reinforcing fiber layer of not more than four sets, and each reinforcing fiber layer has a plurality of layers. It has a laminated structure of several reinforcing fiber materials, has a C-shaped cross section, and the upper reinforcing fiber layer covers the opening of the lower reinforcing fiber layer.
- a form greatly facilitates the molding of the preform.
- the reinforcing fiber layer may be configured to include a braid of reinforced textile.
- the braid of the reinforced textile is constructed in multiple braids.
- the fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric of the above nonwoven fabric layer are short fibers with a fiber length of 1 to 30 mm. Preferably, it is a short fiber of 5 to 2 Omm. These short fibers are dispersed in random directions in a two-dimensional plane and bound by a binder to form a nonwoven fabric. When the fiber length exceeds 30 mm, the flowability of the resin is hindered. On the other hand, when the fiber length is shorter than 1 mm, the resin may flow out together with the resin.
- Examples of the matrix resin of the bent tube or the racket according to the present invention include a thermosetting resin such as an epoxy resin, an unsaturated polyester resin, a vinyl ester resin, and a phenol resin.
- the present invention provides a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a bent pipe or a rack made of FRP, which can prevent the occurrence of voids and pinholes on the surface and a lack of resin, and are excellent in work efficiency.
- the method for producing an FRP bent tube or a racket comprises the steps of: placing a preform formed by covering a high pressure resistant tube covered with an expandable tube with a pre-preda of a reinforcing fiber into a mold cavity; The method is characterized by heating and pressurizing the inside of the high pressure resistant tube to 3 MPa or more to press the preform against the wall surface of the cavity.
- the method for producing an FRP bent tube or a racket according to the present invention is characterized in that a single yarn diameter is 20 m or less and a basis weight is 1 m on a preform obtained by covering an expandable tube with a prepreg of a reinforcing fiber.
- a molding substrate formed by winding a nonwoven fabric of OO g Zm 2 or less is placed in a mold cavity, and the mold is heated and the inside of the expandable tube is pressed to press the molding substrate against the wall surface of the cavity.
- the method consists of the following.
- the method for producing an FRP bent tube or a wrap according to the present invention is characterized in that a single yarn diameter is 20 / m or less and a basis weight is 1 on a preform in which an expandable tube is covered with a reinforcing fiber.
- a molding substrate formed by winding a nonwoven fabric of 0 Og / m 2 or less is placed in a mold cavity, the mold is heated, the inside of the expandable tube is pressurized, and the cavity is depressurized while reducing the inside of the cavity.
- the method is characterized by injecting a resin into the inside.
- the nonwoven fabric is further laminated on the outermost layer of the preform at the manufacturing stage, but spreads due to the rigidity of the fabric used for the nonwoven fabric, and the nonwoven fabric during the mold setting is reduced. It may cause intrusion. Therefore, workability is improved by impregnating the nonwoven fabric with resin to give it adhesiveness. In other words, it is preferable that the nonwoven fabric layer is also prepregged. In the case where the nonwoven fabric layer is prepreg-prepared for use in the production, it is preferable that the impregnating resin is the same as the matrix resin from the viewpoint of preventing a decrease in interlayer separation strength.
- a nonwoven fabric layer provided on the outside of a preform is referred to as a “forming base material”, and a nonwoven fabric layer is not provided, or a state before a nonwoven fabric layer is provided. Things are called "preforms”.
- the apparatus for manufacturing an FRP bent tube or a racket is a mold having a cavity in which a preform formed by coating an expandable tube covered on a high pressure-resistant tube with a prepreg of a reinforcing fiber is placed. And a pressurized medium supply means for supplying a pressurized medium of 3 MPa or more made of an incompressible fluid into the high pressure resistant tube.
- the apparatus for manufacturing a bent tube or a bracket made of FRP includes: a vertically split mold having a cavity in which a preform formed by covering an expandable tube with a prepreg of reinforced textile; And a pressurizing medium supply means for supplying a pressurizing medium into the flexible tube, and the lower mold includes a core which is configured to be separable. .
- the apparatus for manufacturing an FRP bent tube or a racket comprises: a vertically split mold having a cavity into which a preform formed by covering an expandable tube with a reinforcing fiber; Pressurizing medium supplying means for supplying a pressurizing medium to the cavity, decompression means for decompressing the inside of the cavity, and resin injecting means for injecting a resin into the cavity, and the lower mold is splittable. It is characterized by including the core configured as described above.
- the upper and lower split molds are used, and the lower mold includes a core that is configured to be separable, so that workability is good and degassing is good. And improve the fluidity of the resin in the cavity Quality can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view of a bent pipe according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a preform according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a partial perspective view of the preform of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a partial perspective view of a racket preform according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a preform according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing prepreg lamination for producing a preform.
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing cutting of the laminated prepreg.
- FIG. 8 is a partial perspective view of a preform manufactured using the prepreg of FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a preform in which a nonwoven fabric layer is provided on the preform of FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a method of manufacturing a preform according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram showing one step in the manufacturing method of FIG.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic configuration diagram showing another step in the manufacturing method of FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic configuration diagram showing still another step in the manufacturing method of FIG.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic side view of a preform manufacturing apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic side view of the tubular film mounting means in the apparatus of FIG.
- FIG. 16 is an enlarged partial longitudinal sectional view showing a state of prepreg winding in the apparatus of FIG.
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of a preform and a core material formed by the method of FIG.
- FIG. 18 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a method for manufacturing a preform according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a honeycomb body embedded racket frame.
- FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the honeycomb body embedded racket frame.
- FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a honeycomb body embedded yoke portion.
- FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the honeycomb body embedded yoke.
- FIG. 23 is a perspective view showing a preform shaping method.
- FIG. 24 is a schematic plan view of the automatic preform shaping machine.
- FIG. 25 is a schematic plan view showing the next step of FIG.
- FIG. 26 is a schematic plan view showing the next step of FIG.
- FIG. 27 is a schematic plan view showing the next step of FIG.
- FIG. 28 is a schematic plan view showing the next step of FIG.
- FIG. 29 is a schematic plan view showing the next step of FIG.
- FIG. 30 is a schematic plan view near the yoke portion during shaping.
- FIG. 31 is a perspective view of a molding base material according to one example of the present invention.
- FIG. 32 is a partial cross-sectional side view of the flexible tube of FIG.
- FIG. 33 is a schematic configuration diagram when a rack is formed using the molding base material of FIG. 31.
- ⁇ FIG. 34 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of an apparatus for manufacturing an FRP racket according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure.
- FIG. 35 is a plan view of the lower mold of the device of FIG.
- FIG. 36 is an enlarged cross-sectional view around the resin injection port of the apparatus of FIG.
- FIG. 37 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the plug of the resin injection port and the decompression port of the apparatus of FIG. 34.
- ⁇ FIG. 38 is a front view showing a desirable shape example of the port of the plug of FIG.
- FIG. 39 is an enlarged sectional view of a core portion of the device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 40 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of a mold showing a conventional molding state.
- FIG. 41 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of a mold according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 42 is a partial perspective view of a conventional preform.
- FIG. 43 is a sectional view of the preform of FIG.
- FIG. 44 is a partial cross-sectional view of a mold showing a state in which a conventional bent tube is formed.
- FIG. 45 is a partial perspective view of a conventional bent pipe having a surface defect.
- FIG. 1 shows the layer structure of the frame part of the racquet according to the present invention.
- the innermost layer is made of a resin (for example, nylon) or rubber expandable tube 1 for internal pressure molding, and the outer side is made of a reinforced fiber 2 made of reinforcing fibers. It has a textile layer 4 and a nonwoven fabric layer 5 as the outermost layer.
- the reinforced textile layer 4 and the non-woven fabric layer 5 are hardened with resin 3 and And constitute the FRP.
- the expandable tube 1 is removed after molding and may not be present.
- the thickness of the nonwoven fabric layer is not particularly limited, it is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 0.2 mm in order to secure the fluidity of the resin, prevent the occurrence of voids and the like, and further reduce the weight of the molded product. Preferred from a viewpoint.
- the volume content of the fiber in the nonwoven fabric layer is preferably 5 to 30%. For the same reason that the basis weight is set to 100 g / m 2 or less, if the fiber volume content is too high, the fluidity of the resin is impaired and the weight of the molded article is increased. Conversely, if it is too low, the effect of the presence of the nonwoven layer will be impaired.
- the nonwoven fabric layer may be disposed over the entire length in the length direction of the bent pipe or the bracket, or may be partially provided in the length direction.
- the non-woven fabric layer may be disposed over the entire length of the part other than the grip of the racket, or may be disposed near the yoke of the frame.
- the area around the joint between the frame and the yoke is a site where voids and pinholes are likely to occur during molding, so that the effect is large.
- nonwoven fabric layer may be arranged over the entire circumference in the circumferential direction of the curved tube or the bracket frame, or may be partially arranged, for example, in a portion other than the gutter groove portion in the circumferential direction of the frame. .
- the nonwoven fabric layer may have a configuration in which a plurality of layers are laminated. Further, it is preferable that the nonwoven fabric layer is formed by winding a nonwoven fabric of a predetermined width in the circumferential direction of the frame of the curved tube bracket instead of so-called spiral winding. This simplifies the process, reduces the overlap of the nonwoven fabric, and improves the surface smoothness.
- a core of at least partly honeycomb or wood can be arranged inside the reinforced textile layer of the racket frame and / or the yoke.
- necessary parts can be further reinforced partially, and the strength characteristics can be improved.
- bent pipes and brackets made of FRP are manufactured using the following preforms.
- the FRP bent pipe or rack-forming preform according to the present invention has a reinforcing fiber division not exceeding 4 sets, and each reinforcing fiber division has a plurality of reinforcing fibers. It has a laminated structure of modified fiber material, has a C-shaped cross section, and has an upper reinforcing fiber layer covering the opening of the lower reinforcing fiber layer. It consists of what you do.
- This reinforced textile material is preferably prepreg. That is, in the case of the conventional preform, as described above, the workability was poor, it was troublesome, and the quality was not stable.
- the preform according to the present invention has the above-described configuration, and is configured, for example, as shown in FIGS.
- the reinforcing fiber layers 11 and 12 constituting the reinforcing fiber layer are formed on a core material 13 covered with an expandable tube 14 (for example, a nylon tube). It has a laminated structure of materials and has a C-shaped cross section.
- the reinforced fiber material is prepreg.
- the upper layer of the reinforcing fiber layer covers the opening of the lower layer of the reinforcing fiber layer.
- Such a preform 15 is subjected to internal pressure forming in a state where the core material 13 is removed.
- the preform 15 as shown in FIG. 3 is used for forming a rack, for example, as shown in FIG. 4, the preform 15 is formed so that the gut hole 16 and the gut groove 17 are located in the overlap portion. Is preferable.
- the overlap regions of the reinforcing woven fiber layers 23 and 24 on the core material 22 coated with the expandable tube 21 are formed.
- An even larger preform 25 can be used.
- Such a preform is formed, for example, by the following method.
- the method for producing a preform involves winding a first reinforcing woven fiber layer material having a width at least shorter than the entire circumference of the expandable tube on the core material.
- the first reinforcing woven ⁇ layer material and the second reinforcing woven ⁇ layer material is generally made of those respective reinforcing ⁇ material is plurally stacked.
- the first reinforced fiber layer material and The second reinforcing fiber separation material is prepreg.
- a predetermined number of a plurality of prepreg-formed reinforcing fiber materials 26 are laminated and cut to a predetermined width as shown in FIG.
- the layer material 27 is produced.
- a first reinforcing woven fiber layer material 30 is first wound on a core material 29 coated with a nylon tube 28, and the opening 31 is covered and opened.
- the preform as shown in FIG. 5 is obtained by winding the second reinforcing fiber layer material 32 so as to overlap the first reinforcing fiber layer material 30 on both sides of the part 31. 25 is formed.
- the non-woven fabric layer 5 is preferably provided outside the preform 25 formed as described above, as shown in FIG.
- the nonwoven fabric layer 5 preferably has a single yarn diameter of 20 m or less and a basis weight of 100 g / m 2 or less.
- a preform having a so-called two-part configuration as described above can be formed using the following apparatus.
- an apparatus for manufacturing a tubular preform as described above holds a core material covered with an expandable tube and a reinforced fiber layer material provided on the core material, and also uses the core material as a core material.
- a pair of upper and lower first pressing means capable of pressing the upper and lower surfaces of the core material along the outer shape of the core material, and bending the layer material along the outer shape of the core material, and bending the layer material
- a pair of left and right second press means movable in the left-right direction, pressing the second press means against the side surface of the core material.
- the second pressing means is, for example, It is provided in the lower two stages.
- the preform in the form shown in FIG. 5 includes upper and lower press plates 41 and 42 and press plates 43 and 44 provided in two stages on the left and right. , 45, and 46 are formed as follows.
- the layer material 48 and the tube-coated core material 47 are sequentially arranged on the lower press plate 42.
- the lower press plate 42 is lowered, and the separating material 48 is bent using the lower left and lower right press plates 45 and 46.
- the upper left and upper right press plates 4 3 and 4 4 move forward to the center point, bend the layering material 48 into a substantially C shape, and raise the lower press plate 42. Press and fix the C type.
- the upper press plate 41 descends to separate the layer material 49 and the core material 47. Pinch. Then, the lower left and lower right press plates 45, 46 are retracted.
- the separating material 49 is bent using the upper left and upper right press plates 43, 44.
- the lower left and lower right press plates 45, 46 advance to the center point as shown in Fig. 13, and the stratified material 49 is bent into a substantially C-shape.
- the press plate 41 descends and presses to fix the C-type.
- the preform becomes as shown in Fig. 5.
- the layering material and the tube-coated core material are sequentially arranged in the device, so that the six press plates in the device move in sequence and become semi-automatic.
- the layered material can be wound around the tube-coated core material, and the number of windings can be two in principle, so that a long preform with stable quality can be efficiently formed in a short time.
- the step of covering the core material with the expandable tube includes, for example, basically, a tube mounting step of placing an expandable tube on a core material, and a method of mounting the tube on the expandable tube placed on the core material.
- the method includes a winding step of winding the layered material to form a preform, a preform extracting step of extracting the preform from the core material, and a step of returning the core material from which the preform has been extracted to the tube mounting step.
- a transfer step is appropriately provided between the above steps. Specifically, the following methods can be applied.
- a step of transferring the preform together with the core material to the preform extracting means a preform extracting step of extracting the preform from the core material by the preform extracting means
- a preform manufacturing apparatus for example, a tube mounting means for covering an expandable tube on a core material, and a separating material wound on the expandable tube on the core material, and Layering material winding means to be reformed, preform extracting means for extracting the preform from the core material, rotation means for sequentially moving the core material to the three means, and layering to the layering material winding means
- An apparatus for producing a preform which includes a layered material supply means for supplying a material.
- the preform manufacturing apparatus includes, as shown in FIG. 14, for example, a tube mounting means 180 for covering an expandable tube on a core material S1,
- the press plate 18 has a press plate 18 2 that moves vertically, and the table 18 1 is slid while pressing the core material covered with the expandable tube placed on the table 18 1 with the press plate 18 2.
- the core material is rotated by rotating the core material, and the layer material P disposed on the table is wound on the expandable tube placed on the core material to form a preform by forming a layer material winding means 1 83 and a preform.
- Preform extracting means 1 8 4 for extracting from the core material
- a rotation means 185 for sequentially moving the core material S1 to three means of the tube mounting means 180, the separating material winding means 183, and the preform removing means 184; and the separating material winding means.
- the circulating means 183 is provided with a separating material supply means 186 for sequentially supplying a necessary separating material P from the stock 188 of the separating material.
- the rotation means has three sets of chucks 187a and 187b, and the core material S1 gripped by the three sets of chucks is attached to the tube mounting means. It is preferable that the apparatus is configured to be sequentially moved among three means of 180, a separating material winding means 183, and a preform extracting means 184.
- this rotation means 185 for example, three sets of chucks 187a and 187b for gripping the core material S1 are arranged around the rotation axis 185a. It is possible to adopt a configuration in which the three core members S1 gripped by the rack are sequentially moved between predetermined steps.
- the tube mounting means 180 automatically mounts the expandable tube on the core material S1 at the position A.
- the tube mounting means 180 is configured, for example, as shown in FIG.
- a slider 190 is provided on a guide 189 extending in parallel with the core material S1 so as to be drivable in the left-right direction of the figure.
- rubber block 1992 provided on the upper part of the slider 190, and then covering the core material S1
- the continuous expandable tube 1994 is cut by the cutting device 1995 to complete the tube mounting process.
- the core material S1 covered with the expandable tube 1954 is located at the position B (FIG. 14). Moved to slide table 1 8 1 at. Then, by the sliding operation of the table 18 1 and the pressing operation of the press plate 82, as shown in FIG.
- the layer material P arranged on the table 18 1 with a predetermined overlapping width W is removed. Expansion on the constituent layers P 1 and P 2
- the core material S 1 covered with the flexible tube 19 4 is rolled.
- a preform 196 is formed on the core material S1, as shown in FIG.
- the cross-sectional shape of the core material S 1 is circular, the rolling operation as described above can be used.
- the core material S1 is transferred to the position C (FIG. 14), and the formed preform 1996 is extracted from the core material S1.
- the preform of the present invention may have a configuration using a tubular braid in addition to the two-part preform as described above.
- the FRP bent pipe or racket forming preform according to the present invention is characterized by having a tubular braid made of reinforcing fibers and a nonwoven fabric disposed outside the braid. Become. At least the braid is prepreg. Also, as the braid, multiple tubular braids can be used.
- a method for manufacturing the braided preform will be described with reference to, for example, a manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG.
- a fiber bundle 55 of reinforcing fibers is multiplexed on the expandable tube 54.
- the braid 56 is dipped in a resin solution 57 to impregnate the resin, and the solvent is dried through a heating / drying device 58, a water-cooled turn roll 59, 60, a heating / drying device 61, and a water-cooled turn roll 6 is formed.
- the nonwoven fabric 63 is adhered from above and below and pressed by a calender 64, and then the multi-layer braided prepreg 65 is wound up.
- the braid angle is set at the same angle for each layer within the range of 10 to 60 ° (assuming the axial direction is 0 °) or at different angles for each layer, and the fiber volume content is 40-7.
- the content is 0% (resin volume content is 30 to 60%).
- a polymer material such as nylon, polyester, polypropylene, silicone, and rubber can be used.
- a fiber bundle or a tape-like fabric 66 woven fabric, non-woven fabric, synthetic film, etc. can be simultaneously passed along with the expandable tube 54, and multiple braiding can be performed thereon.
- thermosetting resin such as epoxy, unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester, and phenol
- Carbon fiber, glass fiber, polyaramid fiber, and other reinforced fibers can be used as reinforced fibers.
- a hybrid configuration is also possible. For example, a hybrid structure of carbon fiber and glass fiber or poly-alamid fiber can be adopted.
- the non-woven fabric consists of carbon fiber, glass fiber, polyalamide fiber, and other reinforced fibers.
- the woven fiber or tape-like fabric 66 that suppresses elongation together with the expandable tube is used to secure the dimensional stability of the braid and to fit the cavity wall, which was a disadvantage of the triaxial braid. It can be used as an axial reinforcement without losing its properties.
- a core member made of a honeycomb body or wood can be arranged at least partially in the tubular preform.
- the racket has a sandwich structure in which honeycomb bodies 73 and 74 are arranged inside frames 71 and 72, as shown in FIGS.
- honeycomb bodies 73 and 74 are arranged inside frames 71 and 72, as shown in FIGS.
- the positions of the honeycomb bodies 73 and 74 should be on the outside (Fig. 19) for the purpose of improving the gut pull-out strength, and up and down for the purpose of improving the rigidity (Fig. 20). .
- the yoke portion of the racket can be similarly configured.
- a foam material such as EVA (ethylene vinyl alcohol) sheet is placed on both sides of a urethane foam, a prepreg is wrapped around it, and heating (EVA foaming) during frame molding and curing are performed. What caused them to be mainstream.
- EVA foaming ethylene vinyl alcohol
- the internal pressure is not sufficient, and the urethane foam serving as the core has almost no reinforcing effect. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the thickness of the FRP layer, leading to an increase in weight.
- the honeycomb bodies are inserted inside the yokes 75 and 76. Arrange 77 and 78 to prevent breakage due to the tension of guts 79 and 80.
- the positions at which the honeycomb bodies 77 and 78 are arranged are based on the fact that the honeycomb bodies are in contact with the outer shell, and may be formed by using a foaming material together. If a foamed material is used, a sandwich structure that can be in contact with the inner (striking surface side) shell can be obtained.
- the long preform formed as described above is preliminarily shaped according to the shape of a bent tube, for example, a racket, before forming into a FRP.
- a mold having a substantially cavity shape for example, a mold having a convex portion that conforms to the shape of the cavity (for example, a mold having a convex shape) before the racket forming preform is mounted in the cavity of the racket molding die.
- a wooden mold while applying tension to the preform, the preform is pressed against the outer periphery of the protrusion by a pair of pressing rollers, and the preform is shaped into a shape along the shape of the protrusion. is there. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 23, a long preform 83 having a predetermined reinforcing fiber layer 82 formed on an expandable tube 81, and, if necessary, a nonwoven fabric as described above.
- the molding substrate coated with the layer has a convex portion 85 to which a preform 84 for a yoke portion is previously attached while applying (holding) tension toward both outer sides in the longitudinal direction. This is a method of shaping along the convex portion 85 of the mold 86.
- This shaping can be performed, for example, using an automatic shaping machine 90 as shown in FIG.
- reference numeral 91 denotes a preform guide provided on both sides, and a pair of tension holding mechanisms 92 applies (holds) tension to the preform 83 when it is formed.
- Reference numeral 93 denotes a pair of pressing rollers. The preform 83 is pressed symmetrically to the outer periphery of the protrusion 85 of the wooden form 86 by the air or hydraulic cylinder 9.
- a straight and flat preform 83 is placed at the preform set position. Then, the H-shaped yoke preform 84 is arranged at the yoke set position of the mold 86. At this time, the mold 86 and the pressing roller 93 are at the initial position. The tension holding roller 92 holds the preform 83 with the tension therebetween.
- the mold 86 moves forward, hits the preform 83, and presses.
- the preform 83 is pressed against the convex portion 85 of the mold 86 by the bonding roller 93 to bend the preform 83 in accordance with the convex portion 85.
- the mold 86 advances further, and as shown in FIG. 26, the pressing roller 93 presses and adheres the preform 83 to the yoke preform 84 arranged at the yoke set position.
- the preform 83 overlaps at the base of the grip, and is pressed down by the pressing roller 93 to strongly adhere the base of the grip.
- the pressing force is weakened by a pressing force switching mechanism (not shown).
- the preform 83 moves while being sandwiched between the pressing rollers 93.
- the grip 95 is adhered.
- the mold 86 moves to the end of the line and stops (Fig. 29). After removing the preform 83 from the mold 86, the mold 86 returns to the initial position in the direction of the arrow.
- the shaped preform is reinforced by a person applying a prepreg to an adhesive portion, the preform is put into a mold and pressed and heated.
- the pressing force of the pressing roller 93 is switched by a switching mechanism (for example, switching of the driving pressure of the air cylinder).
- a switching mechanism for example, switching of the driving pressure of the air cylinder.
- the pressing force of the roller is increased.In the gripping portion bonding process, to prevent the base portion of the gripping portion from peeling off due to tension, This is to reduce the pressing force of the roller.
- the mounting angle of the air cylinder 94 of the pressing roller 93 is 45 to 9 with respect to the machine axis 96 in order to prevent wrinkles near the top and to improve the adhesive strength of the yoke and grip. It is desirable to be within the range of 0 °.
- this angle was compared at 45 °, 75 °, and 90 °, at 45 °, the force was applied in the direction of pressing the preform 83 against the mold by pressing near the yoke and grip. Does not work well.
- the position at which the pressing roller 93 starts pressing the preform 83 retreats, and thus does not function to prevent the occurrence of wrinkles on the inner peripheral side of the preform at the top portion.
- the tension holding mechanism 92 has a pair of tension holding mechanisms 92 arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis 96 at the preform set position.
- a convex part 85 (the elliptical part in the shape of the gut surface and the triangular part from the yoke part to the base of the grip) protruding from the rectangular plate is projected.
- the structure has been.
- an H-shaped yoke preform 84 can be set between the elliptical portion and the triangular portion.
- This mold 86 is located on the machine axis and moves on the machine axis from just before the preform set position to the end of the line where shaping ends.
- the rotational motion of the motor is converted to linear motion by a ball screw, but other drive methods are also possible. It is desirable that the surface of the mold 86 that is to be contacted with the preform 83 be subjected to a non-adhesive treatment (such as Teflon coating). Otherwise, it is difficult to remove the preform 83 from the mold 86 after shaping, and the shape may be lost.
- the vicinity of the yoke is concave in the actual racket frame, but if a mold is made with that shape, the preform 83 will stick with the preform 83 because of the tension applied to the preform 83.
- the yoke preform 84 may come off.
- the shape of the mold is slightly broken, and the shape near the yoke portion is linear (FIG. 30) or swells outward. If the position of each bonding part is correct, there is no problem even if the curvature of the curve is slightly different from the actual one.
- the pressing force of the pressing roller 93 can be switched, for example, by switching the driving pressure of the air cylinder 94 with a solenoid valve (not shown).
- both ends of the preform which has a certain degree of rigidity even at room temperature (25 to 35 degrees), can be bent according to the mold while pulling with strong force by the tension holding mechanism. This prevents wrinkles on the inner side of the preform.
- the preform by forming the preform while pressing it against the mold with a pressing roller, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of wrinkles on the inner peripheral side of the preform, and it is also preferable that the yoke portion and the grip portion are bonded well. It can be carried out.
- the method for manufacturing an FRP bent tube or a racket according to the present invention comprises a mold for molding a preform obtained by coating the above-described high pressure resistant tube covered with the expandable tube with a prepreg of a reinforcing fiber. And pressurizing the inside of the high pressure resistant tube to 3 MPa or more to press the preform against the wall surface of the cavity.
- a non-woven fabric having a single yarn diameter of not more than 20 ⁇ m and a basis weight of not more than 100 g Zm 2 is wound on the prepreg.
- Such a method is a kind of what is called an internal pressure molding method, but since the applied pressure is as high as 3 MPa or more, it is particularly referred to herein as a “high pressure molding method”.
- the high-pressure molding method according to the present invention uses, for example, a high pressure-resistant tube to which one end is closed and a joint for introducing a pressurized medium made of an incompressible fluid from an external pressurizing device is connected to the other end.
- the high pressure resistant tube is expanded in a leak-free state, and the preform is pressed against the cavity wall to form the tube.
- the apparatus for producing a bent tube or a bracket made of FRP according to the present invention is a mold having a cavity in which a preform formed by covering an expandable tube covered with a high pressure-resistant tube with a prepreg of a reinforced fiber is placed. And a pressurized medium supply means for supplying a pressurized medium of 3 OMPa or more made of an incompressible fluid into the high pressure resistant tube.
- the material of the high pressure resistant tube is a heat resistant material having such a strength that the material is not broken by a force during molding even when heated to the curing temperature of the thermosetting resin, Specifically, silicone rubber or fluorine rubber having a hardness of 80 or less according to JISA is preferable, and a silicone rubber tube having a hardness of about 40 according to JISA is more preferable to obtain sufficient elongation.
- silicone rubber or fluorine rubber having a hardness of 80 or less according to JISA is preferable, and a silicone rubber tube having a hardness of about 40 according to JISA is more preferable to obtain sufficient elongation.
- the external dimensions are Dimensions that allow the high pressure resistant tube to be easily pulled out of the mold, specifically those with a cross section of 50 to 80% of the inner wall of the mold, taking into account
- One method of closing one end of the high pressure resistant tube is a method of forming one end in a closed state at the time of manufacturing, a method of bonding, and one end of the high pressure resistant tube open at both ends with, for example, a wire. Examples include a method of narrowing down, a method of setting a folded state in a mold, and closing with a pressing force of a mating surface.
- the other end of the high pressure resistant tube has a double structure of the high pressure resistant tube in the caulked portion to improve the rigidity of such a portion and reduce the thickness of the high pressure resistant tube before processing. It is preferably set to 40 to 70%, more preferably 50 to 60%.
- silicone rubber, fluoro rubber, hard rubber, a metal blade, or the like is preferable.
- the incompressible fluid filled in the high pressure resistant tube a fluid which does not vaporize at the curing temperature of the thermosetting resin and which does not cause deterioration in physical properties during long-term use is preferable.
- oils such as turbine oil and silicon oil can be used, and among them, inexpensive and easily available turbine oil is preferable.
- the incompressible fluid is used to pressurize the inside of the high pressure-resistant tube to a pressure of at least 3 MPa, preferably a pressure of 7 to 10 MPa.
- the reason for pressurizing to such a pressure, particularly at least 3 MPa or more, is based on the results of a visual test performed by the inventors after the coating of the surface concave portions.
- the molding pressure according to the prior art is about 0.7 MPa
- p needs a pressure of at least about 3 MPa.
- the upper limit pressure is not particularly limited, and the higher the pressure, the better from the viewpoint of preventing surface defects. From a practical point of view, it is 15 MPa.
- FIG. 31 is an overall perspective view of the high pressure resistant tube 101 used in the method of the present invention.
- the high pressure resistant tube 101 is inserted into the expandable tube 102, and the expandable tube 101 is inserted.
- FIG. 2 shows a state in which woven prepreg 103 is wrapped around 02.
- the prepreg 103 wound around the expandable tube 102 is the preform 104.
- a core material such as wood, bamboo, or plastic is inserted into an expandable tube 102 made of polyamide or the like.
- the high-pressure resistant tube 101 is cut off by cutting a silicone rubber tube and gluing the right end of the tube, and the left end is connected to an external pressurizing device (not shown).
- the os side joint 106 of a commercially-available pen-tipped cut-off joint was connected as much as possible.
- reference numeral 1 15 denotes an external pressurizing device connected to the oscillary joint 106 of the high pressure-resistant tube 101 via a pressure-resistant hose 112, and two hydraulic cylinders 1
- This is a so-called dual type cylinder / piston device in which pistons 120 and 121 fixed to both ends of one rod 119 in 117 and 118 move forward and backward.
- the high pressure resistant tube 101 is expanded. Also high When the pressure-resistant tube 101 is withdrawn from the expandable tube 102, the common rod 1 19 is moved to the left in advance, contracted, and then withdrawn.
- Reference numeral 111 denotes a pressure gauge for checking the charging pressure.
- the mold 107 used was a mold consisting of a lower mold 107 a having a cavities in the shape of a racket and an upper mold 107 b fixed to the upper part of the lower mold. .
- the preform 104 in the state shown in FIG. 31 is attached along with the cavity of the lower mold 107 a along with the cavity of the lower mold 107 a as shown in FIG. 8 was attached.
- One end of the high pressure resistant tube 101 protruded from the cavity and was placed on the mating surface of the lower mold as shown in the figure. In this case, if the mold temperature is kept at 40 to 60 ° C. in advance, the prepreg 103 is softened, so that the mounting becomes very easy.
- the upper and lower molds 107a, 107b are clamped by a hot press machine (not shown), so that the molds 107a, 107b are integrated, and the height between the two molds is increased.
- the pressure-resistant tube tip 1 16 was closed.
- the oil 105 is sent out from the external pressurizing device 115 and pressurized, and the preform 104 is expanded together with the expandable tube 102 in the mold cavity, and is strongly pressed against the wall surface of the cavity.
- molding can be performed in a state in which no leakage occurs from a high pressure-resistant tube by using an incompressible fluid having an unprecedented high internal pressure, resulting in poor pressing of the preform against the cavity wall. This makes it possible to manufacture high-quality FRP bent pipes and brackets without surface defects.
- the FRP bent pipe or the bracket having the nonwoven fabric layer according to the present invention can also be manufactured by a normal internal pressure molding method, that is, a method of applying a relatively low internal pressure. It is possible.
- the method for producing an FRP bent tube or a racket comprises covering the expandable tube with a prepreg of a reinforcing fiber, and further, on the prepreg, A nonwoven fabric having a single yarn diameter of 20 / m or less and a basis weight of 100 g Zm 2 or less is wound.
- a molding substrate is placed in a mold cavity, the mold is heated, and the expandable tube is placed in the expandable tube. And pressing the molding base against the cavity wall surface.
- the nonwoven fabric is also prepregged.
- the apparatus for producing a fiber-reinforced plastic bent pipe or a buckle according to the present invention includes a vertically split mold having a cavity in which a preform obtained by covering an expandable tube with a reinforced textile pre-predder is placed; A pressurized medium supply means for supplying a pressurized medium into the expandable tube, and wherein the lower mold includes a core that is configured to be separable.
- Consists of Such devices also c can also be applied in the next RTM method, FRP manufactured bent pipe and Rake' bets according to the present invention, wound reinforcing fiber material on the outer circumference of the expandable tube, after mounting it within the mold It can also be manufactured by the so-called Resin Transfer Molding method (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as RTM method) in which resin is injected.
- RTM method Resin Transfer Molding method
- the expandable tube is covered with a reinforced fiber material, and further, a single yarn diameter of 20 mm is formed on the coating layer of the reinforced arrow fiber material. // m or less, a basis weight placed in 1 0 0 gm 2 following wound and becomes formed Katachimotozai the nonwoven mold Kiyabiti, heating the mold, the co When pressurizing the expandable Kiyabiti It consists of injecting resin into the cavity while depressurizing the inside.
- this method is, for example, to set a preform in which a tubular reinforcing fiber material and an expandable tube are arranged in an inner layer thereof in a mold heated to a molding temperature.
- This is a method in which the resin is injected into the cavity at an injection speed of 1 to 7 seconds and an injection pressure of 0.2 to 5 MPa while pressurizing the expandable tube and simultaneously reducing the cavity, and curing it in less than 20 minutes. .
- the preform is preferably formed by filament winding or braid, and a preform in which an expandable tube is disposed in the inner layer is used.
- the preform is bent into a lower mold having a cavity having a desired bent tube shape, for example, a racquet shape.
- one end of the expandable tube is closed by tightening or the like, and the other end is for introducing a pressurized medium such as pressurized air. Attach the coupler.
- the upper mold is closed and the resin is injected while introducing pressurized air into the expandable tube.
- the molding cycle can be shortened and the molding cost can be reduced, and the viscosity of the injected resin decreases and the impregnation property increases. is there. Furthermore, by setting the preform in the lower mold and reducing the pressure in the cavity of the mold in which the upper mold is closed, the impregnation of the injected resin into the preform and the surface properties of the molded product are improved.
- resin may be injected while pulling the cavity with a vacuum pump, or by pulling the cavity with a vacuum pump, then closing the decompression port of the mold and injecting the resin into a place where the pressure in the cavity is reduced. Either may be used.
- the resin used examples include a thermosetting resin such as an epoxy resin, an unsaturated polyester resin, a vinyl ester resin, and a fuanol resin.
- the viscosity of these resins at the temperature at the time of injection is preferably from 0.05 Pa ⁇ S to 1 Pa ⁇ S. If it exceeds 1 Pa and S, the flow resistance due to the molding base material at the time of injection is large, and the impregnation and handling properties are reduced. On the other hand, if it is less than 0.05 Pa ⁇ S, it may cause resin leakage from the mold, which is not preferable.
- the time required for the resin injection is preferably 5 minutes or less. If the time is longer than 5 minutes, the curing reaction of the injected resin proceeds to increase the viscosity, which is not preferable.
- the injection method may be continuous injection or intermittent injection. In the case of intermittent injection, the time from the start to the end of the injection is defined as the injection time.
- the resin injection pressure at this time is 0.2 to 1.5 MPa. It is preferable that Furthermore, if the pressure inside the expandable tube is increased to 0.5 to 1.5 Pa during molding, excess resin can be squeezed out, increasing the content of reinforcing fibers and improving the uniformity of wall thickness. It is possible to obtain a bent pipe with improved physical properties by 7 7
- a filament winding or braid is used as the preform.
- a mandrel is covered with an expandable tube such as a rubber tube or nylon tube if necessary, and then a reinforcing fiber bundle is formed using a filament winding method such as carbon fiber, glass fiber, or polyalamide.
- the woven bundle of fibers is helically wound so that its direction is preferably within a range of ⁇ 7 to 75 ° with respect to the axial direction of the mandrel, and a helical wound layer having an arbitrary thickness is formed.
- the reinforcing woven bundle may be in the form of a strand or a tape.
- the winding angle is smaller than 7 °, the stability of the arrangement of the reinforcing fiber bundles decreases, and if the winding angle exceeds 75 °, the tightening force is increased and it becomes difficult to pull out the mandrel later. Further, it is preferable to wind the reinforcing woven bundle while applying a force of 50 to 200 g.
- the braid is obtained by knitting the above-mentioned reinforcing fiber bundle into a tubular shape, and the expandable tube is covered with the braid so as to have a predetermined thickness to form a preform. At this time, the braid angle is set so that the arrangement of the reinforcing woven bundles becomes an angle of ⁇ 5 to 45 ° with the expandable tube inflated by applying pressure within the cavity.
- the above preform is set in the cavity of the lower mold, it is also possible to additionally set a mouth using a reinforcing fiber to partially reinforce and improve rigidity.
- a reinforcing fiber to partially reinforce and improve rigidity.
- reinforcement around the hole is preferable in order to prevent damage to the gut hole.
- the surface of the molded product is likely to be deteriorated due to preform disturbance. It is also preferable to wrap a cloth or the like made of reinforced textiles around this part for additional setting.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- TC glass transition temperature
- the injected resin is usually sufficient for the preform.
- the viscosity is low, there is a problem that the resin easily leaks from the mating surface of the mold. Leakage of resin at the time of injection not only deteriorates the quality of the molded product, but also causes the surrounding working environment to deteriorate.
- reducing the pressure inside the cavity during resin injection has the effect of improving resin impregnation and lowering the injection pressure.However, if the mold mating surfaces and the sealing performance of the injection port are poor, outside air leaks into the cavity. There was a problem of causing voids.
- an apparatus for manufacturing an FRP bent tube or a racket includes a vertically split mold having a cavity in which a preform obtained by coating an expandable tube with a reinforcing fiber is placed.
- a pressurizing medium supply unit that supplies a pressurized medium into the expandable tube; a pressure reducing unit that reduces the pressure in the cavity; and a resin injecting unit that injects a resin into the cavity.
- the mold on the side includes a core that is configured to be separable. Further, it is preferable that a sealing material is disposed around the cavity. Further, it is preferable to have a resin reservoir on one or both sides of the cavity.
- the moldability and ease of removal are improved by incorporating the vertically split mold and the splittable core, and by providing the seal material, resin leakage is prevented, and the sealing property when depressurizing is achieved. Is improved.
- the air in the cavity moves to the resin reservoir together with the resin, thereby reducing bubbles in the resin used for molding and preventing the occurrence of voids and the like.
- the mold is a split mold consisting of an upper mold and a lower mold, and two or more resin injection ports and decompression ports are provided.
- pressurized gas is applied to an expandable tube arranged in a cavity. It has one port for blowing pressurized air.
- a continuous sealing material is preferably made of silicone rubber or fluororubber that can withstand high temperatures of 150.
- the injection port and decompression port can be changed depending on the conditions, and if three or more ports are used in combination, the molding conditions can be optimized.
- a resin reservoir be provided between the resin injection port and the pressure reducing port to communicate with the cavity.
- a slit gate is provided from the resin reservoir to the cavity, and resin is injected into the cavity from this gate, or the pressure is reduced. Since the pressure reducing port is also a port through which the injected resin can escape, it is preferable that the resin pool be the same as the resin inlet. Providing such a resin reservoir makes it easier to install a slit gate at the mouth leading to the cavity, and makes it possible to make gate marks unnoticeable on the surface of the molded product after curing. It is preferable that the resin reservoir has a draft angle of 3 to 15 ° so that the resin is released from the mold at the same time as the mold is opened. It is preferable that the plug attached to the injection port and the pressure reducing port has a cross-sectional shape in which shearing force is transmitted to the cured resin by rotating the plug after curing the resin, and the resin can be cut off.
- a compressed gas blowing port for internal pressure load at an end portion thereof, for example, a portion corresponding to a grip portion in the case of a racket. If the vacuum pressure inside the cavity is not pulled by a vacuum pump and resin is not injected, it is easy to maintain a gauge pressure of less than 61,000 Pa for 3 minutes or more. Property. If the time is less than 3 minutes, bubbles are easily entrained when the resin is injected, and the surface property and the resin impregnating property decrease. Referring to the drawings more specifically, FIGS.
- a mold 130 composed of an upper mold 13 1 and a lower mold 13 2, and a resin injection port 1 3 3
- a supply port 134 and a pressure reducing port 135 are provided.
- a seal 0 ring 1 37 is arranged on the outer periphery of the cavity 1 36. In order to provide high sealing properties, it is necessary to surround the cavity 13 6 with the sealing material 1 3 7 without interruption.
- a total of three or more ports are provided for the resin inlet 13 3, the decompression port 13 5, and the air supply port 13 4, and the injection port and the decompression port can be replaced arbitrarily.
- the decompression port 135 is also a resin outlet.
- the resin inlet 13 and the pressure reducing port 13 5 are configured as shown in Fig. 36, for example. It communicates with cavity 1 36 through lit gate 1 38.
- Reference numeral 139 indicates a placement core
- reference numeral 140 indicates a sliding core.
- the slide core 140 is installed on the outer periphery of the cavity 1336, and because the undercut part (gat groove part of the tennis racket) is removed from the mold, and the bulky base material is not inserted. It is provided for storage.
- a resin reservoir for overflowing resin is provided on one side or both sides of the cavity for defoaming resin.
- a plug 143 as shown in FIG. 37 is used for the resin injection port 133 and the pressure reducing port 135.
- the hardened resin in the plug 144 and the hardened resin in the resin pool are cut off by shearing force.
- the brag 1 4 3 By turning the brag 1 4 3 around its central axis 1 4 4, the plane 1
- the cured resin is screwed off by the shear force generated in 45.
- the shape viewed from the direction A in Fig. 37 is as shown in Fig. 38.
- Such a shape 144 may be formed only at the mouth of the plug, or may be formed over the entire length of the plug.
- the relationship between the above-mentioned slide core 140 and the placed core 1339 is as shown in Fig. 39, and the preform 1556 attached to the cavity 1336 is embedded. It is housed in such a way that the undercut (the gutter groove of the luggage) can be easily removed.
- the FRP bent tube or bracket according to the present invention can also be formed by a method in which excess resin and air in the cavity are naturally expelled during molding.
- a molding substrate having a non-woven fabric having a single yarn diameter of 200 jt / m or less and a basis weight of 100 g Zm 2 or less is mounted in the cavity of the mold, and the mold is heated.
- This method is also a method in which the inside of the expandable tube is pressurized to expand the molding base material and press it against the wall surface of the cavity, so that excess resin of the molding base and air in the cavity flow out of the cavity c. It is preferable that the nonwoven fabric layer is prepregged. ⁇ The above method can be carried out by the following apparatus.
- This device is provided with a slit-shaped discharge passage communicating with the outside.
- a preform 164 is attached to a cavity 163 formed by an upper die 161 and a lower die 162, and a slide core 165, etc.
- a relatively low pressure for example, 0.8 MPa of compressed air
- insufficient adhesion of the preform 164 to the cavity wall occurs.
- the air in the cavity may not be completely evacuated (poorly adhered part 1667).
- poor adhesion results in poor surface (depression occurs) and voids.
- the defective portion is characteristically generated according to the mold due to the shape of the hollow tube (it is likely to occur at a specific portion).
- the width of the slit 168 is preferably from 0.3 to 0.7 mm. If it is less than 0.3 mm, it will be difficult to process and the resin will not flow easily. If it exceeds 0.7 mm, the burrs after molding will be too thick, making post-finishing difficult, and the slit There is a risk that the reinforcing fibers will protrude from 8. In addition, slits do not have to be punched, It is preferable to do so. This is because the workability is better if a split structure is used to clean the resin cured in the slit section.
- each part can be separately formed and joined to the frame forming base material.
- a yoke or a grip of a rack may be separately formed or processed in advance, and may be mounted together with the preform in a mold cavity so as to be integrated when forming the frame.
- the effect of preforming the grip portion will be described.
- the grip is formed smaller than the required size when forming the frame, and the rack is set in the grip mold of the required size in the process after processing, and the polyurethane is formed. And heated and foamed to obtain a grip shape.
- about 20-25 g of polyurethane is required to obtain the required hardness of the grip, which is a significant hindrance in producing ultra-light (ie top heavy) racquets.
- the grip part of the mold that forms the frame is processed into the required grip shape in advance, and the required grip is formed at the same time as the frame is formed. Get the shape.
- it can be lighter than polyurethane foam, it has the disadvantage that the impact of a hit ball is transmitted directly to the player.
- it since it has a hollow structure, bending stiffness and strength are problems when further reducing the weight.
- it is necessary to prepare a mold for each grip size.
- the grip is formed or processed into a required shape in advance, and the grip is mounted together with the preform in a mold cavity to be integrated with the frame.
- the grip can be made of any material, but wood (resistant to compression, easy to process, inexpensive, and good shock absorption), especially balsa wood, can reduce the weight.
- the inside of a grip that has been formed or processed in advance to the required dimensions is cut out, and the preform that forms the frame is passed through the preform and mounted in a mold, and heated and pressed (internal pressure).
- the grip may be integral or may be divided into a plurality.
- the specific nonwoven fabric layer is disposed outside the reinforced textile layer, so that the flow of the resin at the time of molding can be improved and the degassing property can be improved. It has few surface defects such as voids and pinholes, and has excellent quality and characteristics.
- a racket having the configuration shown in Fig. 1 was molded.
- Carbon fiber is used as the reinforcing fiber.
- the carbon fiber constituting the carbon fiber non-woven fabric layer is a carbon fiber short fiber with a fiber diameter of 7 m and a fiber length of 12 mm that has been processed into a non-woven fabric.
- the carbon fiber non-woven fabric was impregnated with an epoxy resin so as to have a fiber weight content of 30% to obtain a prepreg.
- the basis weight of this nonwoven prepreg was 100 gm 2 .
- a plastic core is covered with a nylon tube, and one or two unidirectional prepregs made of carbon fiber using epoxy resin as matrix resin are wound around the carbon fiber so that the carbon fibers intersect at an angle of 60 °.
- Example 2 Five layers of prepreg impregnated with epoxy resin cut to a length of 38 mm and a length of 175 mm are laminated and pressed, and the reinforced fiber layer material is pressed into a core material covered with a nylon tube ( It was wound around a rectangular body (20 mm x 3 mm in cross section) to obtain a preform as shown in Figs. Table 1 shows the contents of the layers 11 and 12 of the above five layers. table 1
- the carbon fiber constituting the nonwoven carbon fiber nonwoven layer using the preform made of the reinforcing fiber layered material had a fiber diameter of 7 / m and a fiber length of 12 as in Example 1.
- a non-woven fabric made of short carbon fiber fibers of 0.2 mm was used.
- the carbon fiber nonwoven fabric was impregnated with an epoxy resin so as to have a fiber weight content of 30% to obtain a prepreg.
- the basis weight of this nonwoven fabric pre-preda was 1 OO g Zm 2 .
- one such non-woven prepreg was wound around the outermost layer of the preform, placed in a mold, compressed air of about 0.8 MPa was injected into the tube, and heated at 150 ° C. .
- Table 2 shows the results of evaluation of surface quality and strength after molding 20 rackets by the above method. In Example 3, there was almost no problem in both surface quality and strength, and it was a good product.
- Examples 1 to 3 according to the present invention have smaller variations in both surface quality and strength than Comparative Example 2 according to the conventional method. It can be seen that no problem has occurred.
- Prepregs (width: 760 mm ⁇ length: 180 mm) having the structure shown in Table 1 were laminated and pressed in the order of the structure shown in Table 1 from 1 to 5 layers. Thereafter, it was divided into 20 pieces of 38 mm in width by a cutting machine to obtain a reinforced fiber layer material.
- 10 racket preforms were prepared in accordance with the above-mentioned Example 2, and were molded by a similar method to manufacture 10 rackets.
- the surface quality and strength of the manufactured racket were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 2. As a result, almost the same results as in the example in Table 2 were obtained.
- the time required from lamination of the prepreg to cutting and preparation of the racket preform was about 12 minutes for two workers to make ten pieces. Comparative Example 3
- Prepregs width 76 Om mx length 180 mm having the structure shown in Table 1 were laminated in the order shown in Table 1 to 1 to 5 layers. However, double-sided release paper was placed between the layers so that the layers did not adhere. Thereafter, it was divided into 20 equal parts with a width of 38 mm according to the procedure of Example 4, the release paper was removed, and 10 racket preforms were produced in exactly the same manner as in Comparative Example 2.
- the time required during this period was about 45 minutes, with two persons of the same person as in Example 4. That is, the working method according to the present invention was able to reduce the preform creation time to about 1/4 compared to the conventional working method.
- Example 2 and Example 3 when the overlapped portion (overlap region) of the reinforcing woven fibrous layer material was formed in accordance with the position of the gut hole, the gut tension was reduced to the value of 4 of the high tension test value. Even if the gut was stretched to 0 kg, cracks did not occur around the gut holes in all of the 20 holes.However, when the gut holes were provided in places other than the layered material overlapping part, Cracks occurred around the gut holes when six of the 20 were gutted at the high tension test value of 40 kg. Thus, it is found that it is extremely effective to position the overlap region at the gut extension site.
- the so-called two-part preform is used, so that the preform can easily move to the cavity wall surface during pressure molding, so that the surface quality and strength are good and the dispersion thereof is reduced. be able to. Also, the time required for forming the preform by laminating the prepregs can be greatly reduced as compared with the conventional method. This is due to the simplification of the preform laminating process, which also facilitates the mechanization (automation) of the preform manufacturing process.
- the braided prepreg Using the braided prepreg, it was set in a mold for a tennis racket, and air pressure of 0.8 MPa was applied to the inside of the tube, and the mold was held at a mold temperature of 150 ° C. for 20 minutes for molding. Since the braided prepreg contains a nylon tube and two carbon woven bundles as core materials, the braided structure did not elongate and the braid width was stably maintained at 25 mm. In addition, since a nonwoven fabric coated with a resin was adhered on one side only, there was no tackiness, the workability was extremely good, and the molded product had good quality with no appearance defects.
- Example 1 Using the preform of Example 1 and the forming method shown in Fig. 33, a plurality of buckets were manufactured by sequentially increasing the pressure applied to the high pressure-resistant tube from 1.5 MPa, and the obtained rackets were manufactured. The surface of the yoke was visually observed in the vicinity of the yoke, which is one of three places where surface defects are most likely to occur in the racket.
- Example 7 Using exactly the same preform as in Example 3, 20 rackets were molded as in Example 7 at a pressure of about 5 MPa. As a result, the surface quality was the highest in all the 20 pieces, and the strength was 18 to 20 N for all the 20 pieces, and all were good.
- a FRP racket was prepared by the RTM method as follows. 5 mm thick, 2 mm long, OOO mm0C FRP (Carbon Woven Fiber Reinforced Plastic) A mandrel consisting of eight bundled wires is covered with a nipple tube, and filament winding around the nipple tube. After forming a helical wound layer of carbon fiber (inner layer: ⁇ 15 ° layer X3 layer, outer layer: 60. X1 layer) using a method, the mandrel was pulled out to obtain a preform.
- the preform is placed in a split mold having a cavity-shaped cavity previously heated to a temperature close to the molding temperature, and the upper mold is closed.
- 0.1 MPa of compressed air is introduced into the nylon tube to pressurize the inside of the nylon tube, and the pressure is reduced to 95,000 Pa by gauge pressure by suction from the suction port provided in the upper mold.
- the epoxy resin and the curing agent which were preheated by a two-liquid mixed-stone resin injection machine, were mixed, and the mixture was injected from the resin injection port at different injection speeds (Table 3).
- the viscosity was measured by a B-type viscometer, and the measurement was carried out at the same temperature with a heating rate of 40 ° C. in nitrogen at the same time.
- Table 3 The viscosity was measured by a B-type viscometer, and the measurement was carried out at the same temperature with a heating rate of 40 ° C. in nitrogen at the same time.
- a nylon tube is placed on a fixed mandrel with a diameter of 16 mm and a length of 2000 mm, and a braid of 48 fibers is wound around the nylon tube with a carbon fiber bundle of 6,000 filaments. Layered. Furthermore, a braid of 48 braids of 30000 filaments of carbon woven was layered thereon, and then the mandrel was pulled out to obtain a preform. Next, using an epoxy resin and a curing agent (the viscosity after mixing was 50 Pa and 0.4 PaS), the same as in Example 9 except that the injection rate was 5 (2 gZ seconds in TC) The surface of the obtained racket was good, and the Tg was 13 ° C.
- the bent pipe of the present invention has good resin flow and deaeration during molding, has few surface defects, and has excellent strength properties, so that it can be widely applied to all FRP bent pipes, especially for FRP brackets. It can be suitably applied.
- the method of manufacturing a bent tube of the present invention can stably and inexpensively produce an FRP bent tube having excellent quality and characteristics as described above, so that it can be widely applied to an FRP bent tube, and in particular, a FRP racket. It can be suitably applied to the manufacture of
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE69424047T DE69424047T2 (de) | 1994-03-24 | 1994-08-26 | Gekrümmte röhre, verfahren und apparat zur herstellung |
US08/553,347 US5960834A (en) | 1994-03-24 | 1994-08-26 | Curved pipe and process and apparatus for producing the same |
KR1019950705254A KR960702381A (ko) | 1994-03-24 | 1994-08-26 | 곡관과 그 제조방법 및 장치(curved pipe and process and apparatus for producing the same) |
EP94925012A EP0700775B1 (en) | 1994-03-24 | 1994-08-26 | Bent tube, method of and apparatus for manufacturing same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP6079812A JPH07223271A (ja) | 1993-12-16 | 1994-03-24 | 曲がり管とその製造方法および装置 |
JP6/79812 | 1994-03-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1995025633A1 true WO1995025633A1 (fr) | 1995-09-28 |
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ID=13700625
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP1994/001415 WO1995025633A1 (fr) | 1994-03-24 | 1994-08-26 | Tube incurve, son procede et son appareil de production |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US5960834A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0700775B1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR960702381A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1074714C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69424047T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1995025633A1 (ja) |
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- 1994-08-26 WO PCT/JP1994/001415 patent/WO1995025633A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 1994-08-26 CN CN94192738A patent/CN1074714C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-08-26 US US08/553,347 patent/US5960834A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-08-26 DE DE69424047T patent/DE69424047T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-08-26 EP EP94925012A patent/EP0700775B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-26 KR KR1019950705254A patent/KR960702381A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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JPH03176083A (ja) * | 1989-12-05 | 1991-07-31 | Sumitomo Rubber Ind Ltd | テニスラケットフレーム |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN101767462A (zh) * | 2009-12-25 | 2010-07-07 | 天津市塑料研究所 | 浸渍弯管退芯棒机 |
CN103216685A (zh) * | 2013-04-08 | 2013-07-24 | 王根乐 | 防老化灌溉用水管及其制作方法 |
CN110384907A (zh) * | 2018-04-12 | 2019-10-29 | 厦门市舒纳特复材科技有限公司 | 全碳素太极柔力球拍的制造工艺及其球拍 |
EP4112986A1 (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2023-01-04 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. | Hose, method for manufacturing hose, and hydraulic pump |
EP4112986A4 (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2023-05-10 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. | HOSE, METHOD OF MAKING THE HOSE AND HYDRAULIC PUMP |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0700775A1 (en) | 1996-03-13 |
KR960702381A (ko) | 1996-04-27 |
DE69424047T2 (de) | 2000-10-26 |
CN1126966A (zh) | 1996-07-17 |
EP0700775A4 (en) | 1998-05-13 |
DE69424047D1 (de) | 2000-05-25 |
EP0700775B1 (en) | 2000-04-19 |
CN1074714C (zh) | 2001-11-14 |
US5960834A (en) | 1999-10-05 |
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