WO1995021391A1 - Intensified visual display - Google Patents

Intensified visual display Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1995021391A1
WO1995021391A1 PCT/US1994/001391 US9401391W WO9521391A1 WO 1995021391 A1 WO1995021391 A1 WO 1995021391A1 US 9401391 W US9401391 W US 9401391W WO 9521391 A1 WO9521391 A1 WO 9521391A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
quarter
image light
wave plate
light
polarized image
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1994/001391
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Richard Dennis Rallison
Original Assignee
Virtual I/O, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Virtual I/O, Inc. filed Critical Virtual I/O, Inc.
Priority to JP7520569A priority Critical patent/JPH09508477A/ja
Priority to AU73529/94A priority patent/AU7352994A/en
Priority to PCT/US1994/001391 priority patent/WO1995021391A1/en
Priority to EP94922412A priority patent/EP0746782A1/en
Priority to AU21562/95A priority patent/AU2156295A/en
Priority to JP7520579A priority patent/JPH09508478A/ja
Priority to PCT/US1994/009820 priority patent/WO1995021396A2/en
Priority to PCT/US1994/009819 priority patent/WO1995021395A1/en
Priority to EP95914671A priority patent/EP0763216A2/en
Priority to JP7520578A priority patent/JPH09508711A/ja
Priority to AU13302/95A priority patent/AU1330295A/en
Publication of WO1995021391A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995021391A1/en
Priority to US09/046,805 priority patent/US6160666A/en

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
    • G02B27/283—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for beam splitting or combining
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0132—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising binocular systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0138—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising image capture systems, e.g. camera
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0143—Head-up displays characterised by optical features the two eyes not being equipped with identical nor symmetrical optical devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0179—Display position adjusting means not related to the information to be displayed
    • G02B2027/0187—Display position adjusting means not related to the information to be displayed slaved to motion of at least a part of the body of the user, e.g. head, eye
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B2027/0192—Supplementary details
    • G02B2027/0198—System for aligning or maintaining alignment of an image in a predetermined direction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
    • G02B3/08—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces with discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lens
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements

Definitions

  • TECHNICAL FIELD This invention relates to visual display which combine generated images with the view of the environment surrounding a user and transmit such combined visual information to the eye position of the user.
  • Such a display requires, in a form known as a folded catadioptric display, an image generator; a beam splitter, which receives the image light from the image generator and sends a fraction, designated the reflected fraction, of such image light to a reflective combiner that both allows light from the real world to pass through such combiner and reflects the image light such that both the real-world light and the image light are transmitted to the eye of the user through the beam splitter.
  • the beam splitter will transmit a fraction, designated the transmitted fraction, of the image light reflected from the collimator-combiner.
  • the transmitted fraction a fraction of the image light reflected from the collimator-combiner.
  • a correction lens is often placed in the optical path between the image generator and the beam splitter.
  • the light emitted from liquid crystal displays is linearly polarized because liquid crystal displays utilize polarizers to modulate amplitude.
  • the only cathode ray tubes which produce linearly polarized light are those which are colored with an active wave plate, such as the Tektronics Pi cell, all of the light from which is linearly polarized.
  • a fold mirror When a fold mirror is selected as the beam splitter, it is plastic or glass having, preferably, a dielectric or holographic dichromated gelatin coating. Metal coatings are unacceptable because the fold mirror must first reflect light to the combiner and then transmit light from the combiner to the eye of the user.
  • the loss of light associated with the fold mirror critically decreases the intensity of the image light transmitted to the eye position of the user.
  • a fold mirror with a dielectric or holographic dichromated gelatin coating will reflect a maximum amount (and, consequently, transmit a minimum amount) of linearly polarized light when the E vector, representing the electric field associated with a light wave, is oscillating in a plane that is perpendicular to the plane of incidence of the light with the fold mirror (termed “S polarization”) .
  • S polarization the plane of incidence of the light with the fold mirror
  • Such a fold mirror will transmit a maximum amount (and, accordingly, reflect a minimum amount) of linearly polarized light when the E vector is oscillating in the plane of incidence of the light with the fold mirror (termed "P polarization”) .
  • one or more wave plates can be inserted in the optical path of a folded catadioptric display to rotate the E vector such that the light reaching the fold mirror from the image generator is S polarized while the light arriving at the fold mirror from the combiner is P polarized.
  • the amount of light from the image generator that reaches the eye position of the user is substantially increased.
  • a fiber optic faceplate depolarizes light to the extent that if all the light entering the faceplate is linearly polarized, only two-thirds of the light exiting the faceplate is so polarized, it is preferable to utilize this technique with a folded catadioptric display that incorporates no faceplate.
  • Figure 1 shows the intensified visual display that is utilized when the image generator produces S polarized image light.
  • Figure 3 illustrates the intensified visual display that is used when the image generator produces P polarized image light.
  • Figure 4 depicts an intensified visual display which differs from the display of Figure 3 only in that the second quarter-wave plate is laminated to the fold mirror.
  • the user-mounted display comprises, as depicted in Figure 1, a fold mirror (1) located to receive the S polarized image light from an image generator (2) and to reflect such S polarized image light; a quarter-wave plate (3) positioned so that the S polarized image light reflected from the fold mirror (1) is transmitted through said quarter-wave plate (3) and retarded by one-quarter wave in order to exit the quarter-wave plate (3) as circularly polarized image light; and a reflective combiner (4) situated to receive the circularly polarized image light from the quarter-wave plate (3) , reflect such circularly polarized image light, combine such circularly polarized image light with light rays transmitted through said reflective combiner (4) from the surrounding environment, and transmit the combined environmental light rays and circularly polarized image light through the quarter-wave plate (3), which again retards the circularly polarized image light by one-quarter wave so that it exits the quarter-wave plate (3) as P
  • the optical path (6) of the image light is displayed in Figure 1.
  • the handedness of the circularly polarized light is inverted, i.e., changed from left to right or from right to left .
  • the quarter-wave plate (3) is, as shown in Figure 2, attached to the reflective combiner (4) .
  • quarter-wave plate (3) The precise nature of the quarter-wave plate (3) is not critical. It is, however, preferable to employ a single-order plate so that dependence on angle and wavelength is minimized.
  • Quarter-wave plates are made from plastics and crystals or constructed holographically.
  • a holographic wave plate is simply a high-frequency plane grating; the frequency is selected to be sufficiently high that the grating will not diffract light at any angle within the range of angles at which light may strike the grating in the intensified visual display.
  • a plastic wave plate is, however, more dispersive, and has lower optical properties, than a crystalline or holographic wave plate.
  • the user-mounted display comprises, as shown in Figure 3, a first quarter-wave plate (31) located so that the P polarized image light from an image generator (2) is transmitted through said first quarter-wave plate (31) and retarded by one-quarter wave in order to exit the first quarter-wave plate
  • a fold mirror (1) situated to receive the S polarized image light from the second quarter-wave plate (32) and to reflect such S polarized image light through the second quarter- wave plate (32) where the S polarized image light will again be retarded by one-quarter wave and, consequently, exit said second quarter-wave plate (32) as circularly polarized image light; and a reflective combiner (4) placed to receive the circularly polarized image light from the second quarter-wave plate (32) , reflect such circularly polarized image light, combine such circularly polarized image light with light rays transmitted through the combiner (4) from the surrounding environment, and transmit the combined environmental light rays and circularly polarized image light through the second quarter-wave plate (32) , which again retards the circularly polarized image light by one-quarter wave so that it exits the second quarter-wave plate (32) as P polarized image light which then passes through the fold mirror (1) with the environmental light rays and subsequently reaches the eye position (5) of the user,
  • the handedness of the circularly polarized light is inverted, i.e., changed from left to right or from right to left.
  • the second quarter-wave plate (32) can optionally be laminated to the fold mirror (1) , as portrayed in Figure 4. This has the advantage of reducing the number of components which must be optically aligned. Additionally, it creates fewer surfaces on which an anti-reflective coating must be placed.
  • intensified visual display is made.
  • Industrial uses of the intensified visual display include, but are not necessarily limited to, providing a heads-up display or helmet-mounted display which enables a pilot or driver of a ground vehicle, such as military tank, to receive visual information about the pilot's plane or the driver's vehicle without looking away from the surrounding outside environment.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
PCT/US1994/001391 1994-02-07 1994-02-07 Intensified visual display WO1995021391A1 (en)

Priority Applications (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP7520569A JPH09508477A (ja) 1994-02-07 1994-02-07 増倍ビジュアルディスプレイ
AU73529/94A AU7352994A (en) 1994-02-07 1994-02-07 Intensified visual display
PCT/US1994/001391 WO1995021391A1 (en) 1994-02-07 1994-02-07 Intensified visual display
EP94922412A EP0746782A1 (en) 1994-02-07 1994-02-07 Intensified visual display
JP7520579A JPH09508478A (ja) 1994-02-07 1994-08-31 パーソナルビジュアルディスプレイ
AU21562/95A AU2156295A (en) 1994-02-07 1994-08-31 Personal visual display
PCT/US1994/009820 WO1995021396A2 (en) 1994-02-07 1994-08-31 Personal visual display
PCT/US1994/009819 WO1995021395A1 (en) 1994-02-07 1994-08-31 Personal visual display system
EP95914671A EP0763216A2 (en) 1994-02-07 1994-08-31 Personal visual display
JP7520578A JPH09508711A (ja) 1994-02-07 1994-08-31 パーソナルビジュアルディスプレイシステム
AU13302/95A AU1330295A (en) 1994-02-07 1994-08-31 Personal visual display system
US09/046,805 US6160666A (en) 1994-02-07 1998-03-23 Personal visual display system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1994/001391 WO1995021391A1 (en) 1994-02-07 1994-02-07 Intensified visual display

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1995021391A1 true WO1995021391A1 (en) 1995-08-10

Family

ID=22242255

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1994/001391 WO1995021391A1 (en) 1994-02-07 1994-02-07 Intensified visual display

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0746782A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPH09508477A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU7352994A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
WO (1) WO1995021391A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0763216A4 (en) * 1994-02-07 1996-11-29 Virtual I O Inc INDIVIDUAL DISPLAY DEVICE
FR2759788A1 (fr) * 1997-02-14 1998-08-21 Sextant Avionique Reduction d'images parasites dans un viseur tete haute
FR2780519A1 (fr) * 1998-06-26 1999-12-31 Thomson Csf Dispositif de collimation a coefficient de transmission ameliore
EP1069451A3 (en) * 1999-07-14 2002-08-21 Sony Corporation Virtual image optical system
EP1267197A3 (en) * 2001-06-11 2003-03-05 Eastman Kodak Company Head-mounted optical apparatus for stereoscopic display
GB2515520A (en) * 2013-06-26 2014-12-31 Bae Systems Plc Improvements in and relating to displays
CN107003526A (zh) * 2015-03-19 2017-08-01 松下知识产权经营株式会社 平视显示器
US10126551B2 (en) 2013-06-26 2018-11-13 Bae Systems Plc Display comprising an optical waveguide for displaying an image
CN111273449A (zh) * 2020-03-23 2020-06-12 深圳惠牛科技有限公司 一种增强现实系统及增强现实装置
WO2021218080A1 (zh) * 2020-04-30 2021-11-04 宁波鸿蚁光电科技有限公司 具有折叠光路的光学显示系统及可穿戴设备
CN113885206A (zh) * 2021-10-08 2022-01-04 小派科技（上海）有限责任公司 光学模组及系统、显示装置、头戴式显示设备及其系统
DE112017004756B4 (de) 2016-09-22 2022-01-20 Denso Corporation Head-up-anzeigevorrichtung
CN114761843A (zh) * 2019-12-04 2022-07-15 脸谱科技有限责任公司 具有圆反射偏振器的透镜组件
US11433817B2 (en) 2020-05-12 2022-09-06 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Display apparatus
KR20220140030A (ko) * 2020-03-20 2022-10-17 비보 모바일 커뮤니케이션 컴퍼니 리미티드 광학 시스템과 근안 디스플레이 장치

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JPH11237584A (ja) * 1997-12-19 1999-08-31 Sharp Corp 画像表示装置、該画像表示装置を用いた頭部装着型ディスプレイ及び映像通信装置
WO2017179110A1 (ja) * 2016-04-11 2017-10-19 カラーリンク・ジャパン 株式会社 投影装置、投影システム、及び、眼鏡型表示装置
WO2018169018A1 (ja) * 2017-03-17 2018-09-20 富士フイルム株式会社 画像表示システム
JP7069862B2 (ja) * 2018-03-12 2022-05-18 株式会社Ｊｖｃケンウッド 画像表示装置
JP7113239B2 (ja) * 2020-07-03 2022-08-05 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 表示システム
WO2024038589A1 (ja) * 2022-08-19 2024-02-22 日本電信電話株式会社 空中像表示装置および表示方法

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US4961625A (en) * 1987-09-18 1990-10-09 Flight Dynamics, Inc. Automobile head-up display system with reflective aspheric surface
US5053755A (en) * 1989-05-18 1991-10-01 Hughes Aircraft Company Automotive head-up display with high brightness in daytime and high contrast in nighttime
US5198928A (en) * 1991-06-26 1993-03-30 Hughes Aircraft Company Light weight binocular helmet visor display
US5231379A (en) * 1987-09-18 1993-07-27 Hughes Flight Dynamics, Inc. Automobile head-up display system with apparatus for positioning source information

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US4630040A (en) * 1983-03-31 1986-12-16 Motorola, Inc. Variable color electrooptic display
US4653875A (en) * 1984-11-02 1987-03-31 Hines Stephen P Infinity display apparatus using cylindrical beam-splitters
US4973132A (en) * 1989-10-27 1990-11-27 Hughes Aircraft Company Polarized holographic heads up display
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FR2690534A1 (fr) * 1992-04-24 1993-10-29 Thomson Csf Dispositif de collimation de faible encombrement, en particulier pour visuel de casque.

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US4961625A (en) * 1987-09-18 1990-10-09 Flight Dynamics, Inc. Automobile head-up display system with reflective aspheric surface
US5231379A (en) * 1987-09-18 1993-07-27 Hughes Flight Dynamics, Inc. Automobile head-up display system with apparatus for positioning source information
US5053755A (en) * 1989-05-18 1991-10-01 Hughes Aircraft Company Automotive head-up display with high brightness in daytime and high contrast in nighttime
US5198928A (en) * 1991-06-26 1993-03-30 Hughes Aircraft Company Light weight binocular helmet visor display

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See also references of EP0746782A4 *

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0763216A4 (en) * 1994-02-07 1996-11-29 Virtual I O Inc INDIVIDUAL DISPLAY DEVICE
FR2759788A1 (fr) * 1997-02-14 1998-08-21 Sextant Avionique Reduction d'images parasites dans un viseur tete haute
FR2780519A1 (fr) * 1998-06-26 1999-12-31 Thomson Csf Dispositif de collimation a coefficient de transmission ameliore
EP1069451A3 (en) * 1999-07-14 2002-08-21 Sony Corporation Virtual image optical system
EP1267197A3 (en) * 2001-06-11 2003-03-05 Eastman Kodak Company Head-mounted optical apparatus for stereoscopic display
US10126551B2 (en) 2013-06-26 2018-11-13 Bae Systems Plc Display comprising an optical waveguide for displaying an image
GB2515520A (en) * 2013-06-26 2014-12-31 Bae Systems Plc Improvements in and relating to displays
GB2515520B (en) * 2013-06-26 2017-10-04 Bae Systems Plc Improvements in and relating to displays
US10031368B2 (en) 2015-03-19 2018-07-24 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Head-up display
CN107003526A (zh) * 2015-03-19 2017-08-01 松下知识产权经营株式会社 平视显示器
DE112017004756B4 (de) 2016-09-22 2022-01-20 Denso Corporation Head-up-anzeigevorrichtung
US11474349B2 (en) 2016-09-22 2022-10-18 Denso Corporation Head-up display device
CN114761843A (zh) * 2019-12-04 2022-07-15 脸谱科技有限责任公司 具有圆反射偏振器的透镜组件
KR20220140030A (ko) * 2020-03-20 2022-10-17 비보 모바일 커뮤니케이션 컴퍼니 리미티드 광학 시스템과 근안 디스플레이 장치
KR102783705B1 (ko) * 2020-03-20 2025-03-21 비보 모바일 커뮤니케이션 컴퍼니 리미티드 광학 시스템과 근안 디스플레이 장치
EP4123359A4 (en) * 2020-03-20 2023-10-04 Vivo Mobile Communication Co., Ltd. OPTICAL SYSTEM AND NEAR FIELD DISPLAY DEVICE
CN111273449A (zh) * 2020-03-23 2020-06-12 深圳惠牛科技有限公司 一种增强现实系统及增强现实装置
WO2021218080A1 (zh) * 2020-04-30 2021-11-04 宁波鸿蚁光电科技有限公司 具有折叠光路的光学显示系统及可穿戴设备
US11433817B2 (en) 2020-05-12 2022-09-06 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Display apparatus
CN113885206A (zh) * 2021-10-08 2022-01-04 小派科技（上海）有限责任公司 光学模组及系统、显示装置、头戴式显示设备及其系统
CN113885206B (zh) * 2021-10-08 2025-03-28 小派科技（上海）有限责任公司 光学模组及系统、显示装置、头戴式显示设备及其系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0746782A1 (en) 1996-12-11
EP0746782A4 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1997-01-15
AU7352994A (en) 1995-08-21
JPH09508477A (ja) 1997-08-26

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