WO1995011345A1

WO1995011345A1 - Ballastless superstructure with concrete sleepers

Info

Publication number: WO1995011345A1
Application number: PCT/DE1994/001262
Authority: WO
Inventors: Friedemann Rudersdorf
Original assignee: Betonwerk Rethwisch Gmbh
Priority date: 1993-10-18
Filing date: 1994-10-18
Publication date: 1995-04-27
Also published as: EP0724667A1

Abstract

A ballastless superstructure for railways and a process for producing such a superstructure are disclosed. Concrete sleepers (1, 16, 56) provided with vertical adjustment through holes (5, 18, 47, 58) are laid on a concrete supporting slab (12, 22, 42, 52), above an intermediate layer of levelling concrete (10, 21). Plugs (14, 23) set into the concrete supporting slab act as stops for at least partially threaded bolts (9, 19, 49, 59) that extend through the concrete sleepers. The concrete sleepers are at least temporarily supported upon the concrete bearing slab by said threaded bolts. The threaded bolts further have a stop in the concrete sleepers themselves. After the sleepers are accurately positioned, the gap between the sleepers (1, 16, 56) and the concrete supporting slab (12, 22, 42, 52) is filled with a mortar, preferably an expansive mortar (10, 21), so that the concrete supporting plate, the intermediate mortar and the concrete sleepers form an inelastic base for the rails to be elastically laid on the surface of the concrete sleepers. In one variant, the concrete supporting slab consists of finite plates arranged in a row. The supporting slab itself has a roof-shaped bottom surface and lies on a saddle-shaped or roof-shaped hydraulically bound support layer (41, 55) so that the supporting slab is centred in the middle of the track. In order to dispense with noise protection systems for the ballastless superstructure, the superstructure may be provided with noise dampening elements (Z1, Z2) that are easy to lay and to remove.

Description

Ballastless superstructure with concrete sleepers

description

The invention relates to a ballastless superstructure and a method for producing such a superstructure for railways, wherein concrete sleepers are arranged on a concrete support slab, which have holes for height adjustment and wherein leveling concrete is filled in between the concrete support slab and the concrete sleeper during track construction.

Such superstructures, also called f-i roadway, are of the Rh or Züblin a types. , Practice and Literature DE- Ze.schrift "E '" Issue 10/1985 page 715 to 722 and Issue 6/1992 page 3 & 1-396, as well as DE-OS 26 59 161. The design principle consists in a concrete support plate in a trough shape to position the track grate in the correct height and side with the help of appropriate adjusting spindles and then fill in leveling concrete between and under the sleepers within the concrete trough. The concrete sleepers are also connected to each other with a longitudinal reinforcement. In the second system, the concrete sleeper is made when the concrete slab is manufactured Appropriate recesses of this plate are used. This creates a rail grid that is secure against transverse and longitudinal displacement. In terms of height, the sleepers are detachably fastened by dowels inserted into the support plate and threaded bolts penetrating vertically through the sleepers. The sleepers can be provided with injection holes (DE-PS 43 26 935 Cl) for placing the leveling concrete s are provided.

Disadvantages are the very large concrete masses and the need to reinforce the filling concrete used. Another problem has turned out to be that in addition to the complex assembly work for derailments Complete system including concrete support plate must be replaced if sleepers or the seat of the rail on the sleepers were damaged. The sleepers cannot be removed if they have to be replaced due to overuse.

A solid carriageway contributes to this problem

Asphalt base course calculation, in which two-block sleepers ensure a positive locking of the sleepers against transverse displacement by means of a casting compound arranged between the sleeper supports in the middle of the track. This ATD system is shown in DE magazine "ETR" issue 6/1992 page 392. A similar system with an asphalt base layer, but for Y steel sleepers, is shown in DE magazine "ETR" issue 5/1992 pages 437 to 438. A steel sleeper is fastened in the substructure made of asphalt base layers by anchor bolts and corresponding nuts welded onto a cast-in sheet metal. A bituminous potting compound is poured between the load-bearing asphalt layer and the sole of the threshold and beyond. In addition to the task of adjusting the height of the sleeper or rail, the welded-on anchor bolt also has the function of stabilizing the sleeper against high lateral forces, in particular transverse displacement forces, and against forces resulting from rail bending and lifting the sleeper in the specified target position.

The asphalt support systems have the disadvantage that they

Soften the sunlight and therefore usually have to be additionally graveled. Loose ballast can, however, be whirled up at high train speeds and damage objects as well as the train and the track. In addition, the asphalt itself is a compliant road element. However, on a solid road surface, one strives to achieve that To precisely predetermine the desired depression of the track when the train is running by means of elastic intermediate layers to be arranged under the rail or the rail fastening means, such as ribbed plates. Since asphalt is thermoplastic, it can be softened again after the sleepers have been damaged and the sleeper replaced. With the exception of the last-mentioned system for steel sleepers, subsequent height adjustment of the track grate is not possible and any lowering of the track grate can only be compensated for by interposing rigid and / or elastic plates in the area of the rail seat on the threshold. The height compensation on the threshold is naturally limited to just a few centimeters.

From EP 0 557 870 AI is also known for a fixed carriageway with two-block sleepers. Insert threshold shoes made of elastic material under the block parts of the threshold. Similar to the Züblin or ATD system, the two-block sleepers are secured against lateral and longitudinal forces by positive locking.

As an alternative, US Pat. No. 4,262,845 has proposed a concrete sleeper that is slightly adjustable in height and is supported by springs against the support plate. The spring and its threaded adjusting bolt sit in an integrated sleeve in the concrete sleeper.

In DE-OS 35 .2 766 it has already been proposed to divide the support plate into sections divided by joints so that the sections of lifting devices can be delivered to the construction site in a movable and prefabricated manner. The sections should in turn be laid on rigid underlays such as bridges and connected to them by means of dowel connections.

It is also known to have one on one next to the tracks to arrange sound-reducing walls to fixed sleepers and / or rails, in order to reduce the inevitably higher sound emissions of a fixed carriageway for rail-bound traffic. It is also known from trams to clad the rails with noise reduction elements.

For reasons of noise reduction and the reduction of the UV radiation effect on a solid asphalt roadway, it has already been proposed to cover the surface of the support plate in the sleeper compartments and beyond with gravel. For high-speed trains, this type of ballasting of the solid carriageway is not possible, since the ballast is whirled up by suction and the rockfall could injure the vehicle and people. For high-speed lines in ballast it has become known to bind the ballast by adhesive in such a way that the stones cannot be whirled up.

All of the systems mentioned have the disadvantage that drops and small dirt particles get caught between the ballast or the other absorption elements as a result of environmental pollution, in particular as a result of rain, whirled up sand and feces removal. As a result, the known absorption systems have to be renewed or cleaned from time to time, which is the case with

Noise barriers that are filled with rock wool, for example, are not possible at all.

Therefore, the invention is based on the problem of an easy to assemble and disassemble fixed roadway

To find concrete construction that allows the replacement of damaged sleepers but still has the rigidity of the known concrete track gratings and at the same time offers sufficient resistance to lateral and longitudinal forces. As a further part, it should be noted that the noise emissions of such tracks are reduced as far as possible by simple systems. The problem is solved according to the invention by devices according to claims 1 and 17 and a method for its production according to claim 21. Further features of the invention are covered in the subclaims.

In the generic ballastless superstructure, a combination of elements known from the prior art, some of which are known per se, is used in order to implement a solid concrete carriageway in which concrete sleepers, preferably prestressed concrete sleepers, are arranged on a concrete support plate, optionally in prestressed concrete construction, with through holes for one Height regulation device are provided. Dowels are inserted in the sleepers in the concrete support slab below the through holes, so that a partially threaded bolt can be inserted into the dowel through the concrete sleeper so that these bolts keep the concrete sleeper at least temporarily at a distance from this concrete support slab relative to the concrete slab can then to the resulting joint under the concrete threshold with a leveling concrete or

Fill in leveling mortar. Such a system makes it possible to replace concrete sleepers, for example after derailments, and to implement a solid track again by installing new prestressed concrete sleepers. The height adjustment device, i.e. a threaded bolt, which is able to raise or lower the concrete sleeper relative to the concrete support slab to a level that can be defined from the top edge of the rail, also permits simple readjustment of the rail level, for example if the substructure of the track grating is subject to operating loads or subsidence has subsided. According to the prior art, an exchange of the rail base plates and / or the rib plates with accessories is required for this. In the invention, only the threshold has to be raised with the aid of the threaded bolts and the joint that may be created as a result is poured out again, which results in considerable material savings. As an alternative to an uninterrupted concrete support plate, a support plate broken down into plates or sections that are not reinforced with one another can be provided with joints arranged between the sections.

So that the bolt can carry the threshold under the threshold until the intended joint is cast, it receives an abutment in the threshold, more precisely in the axis of the through hole for the height adjustment device. This abutment can be designed as a torque arm e.g. be a disc or can itself be provided with an internal thread which is complementary to the bolt passing through the threshold. Depending on the type of support in the threshold, the dowel in the support plate can be designed as a threaded dowel or as a potting compound to be introduced later. The dowel made of potting material in the concrete support plate can serve as a torque support if the bolt in this area has undercuts or protrusions, e.g. contains a transverse mandrel or pin. The bolt is arranged in the sleeper in a threaded piece, which is formed as a cast thread of a placeholder that keeps the through hole of the bolt in the sleeper, or a left-right threaded element is inserted into the sleeper or the placeholder, so that a relative movement between the concrete slab and

Concrete sleeper can be generated using the threaded bolt. In the simplest form, a placeholder according to DE 92 14 497 Ul with an integrated pressure disk on which a pressure element with an internal thread is arranged can be used. The placeholder is attached to the formwork during the manufacture of the concrete sleeper and thus keeps the through hole free for the bolt, which is partly to be threaded. Alternatively, the washer integrated in the placeholder can also be designed without a thread and a nut is additionally arranged on the pressure side of the washer, through which the threaded bolt can be screwed in the direction of the concrete support plate. It is then sufficient for the dowel in the concrete support plate to be designed only to support the torque of the bolt. At its head, ie at the top of the concrete sleeper, the bolt can be provided with suitable head shapes in order to use tools that are usual on construction sites, such as

Insert screwdriver and / or hexagon wrench.

The screw movement of the bolt can be limited by a suitable lock nut. The placeholder can be inexpensive from e.g. Polyethylene plastic can be injection molded.

If, as is known per se from the prior art, the concrete sleepers with a hole for the injection of the potting material e.g. a grouting mortar, both for the joint and for the dowel to be molded in the support plate, should be created with the help of a new type of placeholder during the manufacture of the threshold.

For this purpose, it is provided that the placeholder contains, in addition to the sleeve for the bolt, two sleeves which are inclined laterally, preferably downwards in the direction of the sleeve

Component can be injected together. To reduce the mold costs and for easy assembly of the placeholder, it is provided that they are injection molded as half shells and put together in a sleeper design as a complete placeholder.

In a further development, the placeholder has on its inner contour a thread for the bolt or a threaded piece interacting with the bolt.

A common mortar that can be used in the superstructure is used as the mortar for leveling concrete and dowel potting compound.For an effective joint filling and to completely fill the air gap between the concrete sleeper and the concrete supporting slab that is temporarily created during assembly, a swelling mortar should preferably be used. It is not necessary that the entire concrete sleeper be grouted with this mortar, but it is enough if one end the concrete sleeper is relined in the area of the rail seat, so that the sleeper is hollow in its central area. In order that the mortar cannot emerge from the joint in an uncontrolled manner, it is also provided in a development of the invention to surround this area with a makeshift formwork or a lost formwork, which at the same time contains a recess for the dowel to be inserted into the concrete slab or onto which the dowel itself is molded is used. This makeshift formwork or lost formwork can be inserted or pressed into the freshly made / poured concrete support slab.

The sound-reducing elements according to the invention for the ballastless superstructure essentially consist of artificially created absorption stones, the integral structure of which is physically similar to that of absorbent noise barriers. The sound-reducing or sound-absorbing layer or the complete molded body can be formed on pebble-like, porous concrete and in this case the concrete is not just a normal sand, gravel and

To understand cement mixture, but different materials can be used, which are able to form a porous water-permeable body, preferably using the materials sand, gravel, split, broken concrete, pumice, expanded clay and aggregates, if necessary with cement or plastic adhesives be bound. However, the invention is not limited to these materials, but fillers made of other materials can be used, provided they can be combined with the above-mentioned minerals for porous and water-permeable moldings. These moldings do not necessarily have to form a regular pile-like body, but can be designed as regular, stackable moldings, so that they can be placed between and next to the rails of a track system on the sleepers or the support plate of the solid carriageway at predetermined distances from one another. If you can only be placed on the support plate, the height of the threshold / rail can be adjusted within limits without having to remove the molded parts from the track system.

Molded bodies made of concrete are preferred which have a density of approximately 1 to 1.2 t / m ³ and a compressive strength of 15 to 25 N / mm ³ , but concrete bodies of the compressive strength of 10 to 100 N / mm ³ are also used can. However, the bodies should only be so heavy that two people can just move them. In this case, the wind suction of high-speed trains would not be sufficient to move the moldings out of their position. A separate anchoring or gluing of the body with the support plate or the sleepers on which they rest is not provided and not required if the specified

Values are realized. However, the body is glued or otherwise anchored, e.g. nothing in the way of the thresholds, especially if the sound reduction elements are in the form of regular moldings, e.g. lie in a roadway crossing that is to be driven on by heavy vehicles and they could possibly push the molded bodies out of their target position.

The shaped bodies are designed such that they have a sleeper compartment, e.g. can bridge a threshold distance, but they can also be made smaller.

The invention assumes that the stones stand on molded contact patches on the solid carriageway, larger cavities should exist between these contact patches. Such cavities increase the sound reduction or sound absorption effect. In addition, it is possible to free such porous, water-permeable bodies from time to time by appropriate cleaning and rinsing devices from dirt deposits and the

Flushing liquid through the cave spaces under the stones into the usually laid on the rail track

be designed.

The production of such a ballastless superstructure can be carried out using machines and manufacturing processes which have been customary to date, the following essential ones

Work steps are provided after creating the substructure and the planning protection layer: First, manufacture a concrete support plate, which can be provided with appropriate reinforcement depending on the load or as a divided support plate with a roof-shaped HGT layer; the dowels supporting the bolt can be cast in directly or pressed into the fresh concrete or, alternatively, corresponding recesses for the previously described, e.g. dowel shapes designed as a potting compound are produced. The dowels are placed in a pre-definable grid plan in the concrete slab, taking into account in particular the desired threshold spacing and the threshold lengths, more precisely the arrangement of the through holes on the threshold length. The threshold is for everyone

At least one dowel end is provided for the sleeper end, but two dowels can be provided for each sleeper end, which are to be arranged along the track section on plane axes parallel to the track axis. The prefabricated concrete sleepers are then preferred

Prestressed concrete sleepers with the through holes or integrated placeholders laid on the track line according to the grid plan. The threaded bolts can already be screwed in at the factory or inserted into the concrete sleepers on site and then positioned relative to the dowels / dowel holes. If the threaded bolts are not yet positioned at the correct height at the factory, you can then position the sill for sill at the height that should be relative to the later top edge of the rail. Finally, after this preparatory work, the gap between the concrete sleepers and the concrete base plate must be poured with a mortar. Such a Completed superstructure is inelastic up to the upper edge of the sleeper, because the components used, namely the concrete support plate, the concrete sleeper itself and the mortar filling the joint between the two parts are inelastic when hardened. The desired sinking behavior of the rail when the train is running is only realized using materials that are to be installed on the rail seat under the rail or a ribbed plate for the rail. As an alternative to the individual installation of the sleepers, concrete sleepers that are completely prefabricated and fitted with rails can also be placed on the concrete support slab as a complete piece of track, with appropriate dowels already being arranged in the concrete support slab according to the grid plan described above.

The fixed carriageway according to the invention is stable both against longitudinal forces and against transverse forces. On the one hand, because of the affinity of the building materials to be connected - all cement-bound masses - there is a relatively intimate connection between the concrete sleeper and the concrete slab, and on the other hand - even when using lost formwork - the frictional forces are so great due to the sleeper weight and surface structure of the components that considerable displacement forces are absorbed solely by the frictional resistance. Ultimately, however, the threaded bolt also withstands considerable and static and dynamic load forces in the lateral and longitudinal direction due to the positive connection between the threshold and the concrete support plate. Temperature influences and corresponding differential expansions can only occur to a small extent, but are also easily absorbed by them as far as they result in loading forces on the threaded bolts.

After completion of the superstructure, the

Absorbent stones can be placed in the desired arrangement. The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a schematic drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1: a first variant of the invention in side view with partial section;

FIG. 2: the embodiment variant according to FIG. 1 in

Top view; Fig. 3: a second variant of the invention in

Side view with partial section; 4 a: a cross section through a solid carriageway; Fig. 4 b: a plan view of a threshold of the fixed

Roadway; 4 c: a modified height adjustment device analogous to FIG. 5 a: a partial section through another construction of the fixed carriageway analogous to FIG. 2a; 5 b: a plan view of a further threshold for a solid carriageway; 5 c: a placeholder for use with sleepers for the fixed carriageway according to the invention;

Fig. 6: a partial section transverse to the rail through a

Track system; Fig. 7: a side view of part of a track system with concrete sleepers.

A concrete sleeper 1 with sleeper end 2 and a rail seat 4 to be arranged thereon has dowel holes 3 and 5 for corresponding rail fastenings. In a through hole 6 of the sleeper, a largely threadless bolt 9 with a hexagon head 7 is shown, which engages through an internally threaded washer 8, which in turn is cast into the concrete sleeper. Directly under the hexagon head 7, the bolt 9 has a thread, so that it is movable relative to the threshold. The bolt 9 is supported on the concrete support plate, more precisely in a dowel 14 which is arranged in the recess 13 of the concrete support plate 12 and itself as part of an inelastic lost Formwork 11 was placed in the position shown during the manufacture of the concrete slab 12. By turning the bolt 9, the threshold can be raised relative to the concrete support plate, so that an air gap 10 is created as soon as the concrete threshold is positioned at the predefined height. This air gap 10 is filled with a swelling mortar so that, after the mortar to be poured has hardened, the concrete sleeper rests securely on a mortar bed. This measure creates an air gap 15 between the concrete support plate 12 and the threshold 1 in its central region (FIG. 1).

Fig. 2 shows the arrangement of FIG. 1 in plan view. It can be seen here that the formwork 11 seals off an area for a grouting mortar 10 that closely borders the threshold end 2, so that too much mortar is not required. In this embodiment, the threshold end 2 contains only one through hole 6 for the height regulation device described above. If necessary, this through hole 6 can be covered from above with a cap e.g. be closed from plastic.

Fig. 3 shows a slightly different embodiment compared to Fig. 1 in the same view and partial section in this case, a concrete sleeper 16 in the through hole 18 is provided with a non-threaded washer, which is supported on a non-threaded part of the bolt 19. The threshold end 17 is raised in height by moving the bolt 19 in an internally threaded dowel-like threaded sleeve made of steel or resistant plastic by rotating the threaded bolt 19 in its lower part in the sleeve. This creates an air gap between the concrete support plate 22 and the concrete sleeper end 17, which in this embodiment is filled with mortar without the use of formwork.

the height regulation device and through it grout can be introduced from the top of the threshold into the lost formwork 11 and at the same time into the dowel hole 13 of the support plate.

Instead of a placeholder 26, a modified placeholder 33 according to FIG. 5 c can also be used for a fixed roadway arrangement according to FIG. 5 a. This placeholder initially consists of a central sleeve 34, which ends in a threaded piece 38 for a complementary thread of the bolt 59 (FIG. 5 a). The threaded area can be temporarily protected against dirt by a cover 39. To the side of this central sleeve, two injection channels 35, 36 are connected to the central sleeve 34 in such a way that the complete placeholder 33 can be injection molded as one part from plastic. For the temporary protection of these injection sleeves 35, 36, they are provided with ejectable covers 37. Such a placeholder can be integrated into the threshold 56 (FIG. 5 a) during its manufacture.

6 is a rail 61 with

Rail fasteners 62 on one, in the support plate

64 partially embedded concrete sleeper 63 attached. A sound reduction element Z 1 is arranged on the outside and 64 sound reduction elements Z 2 are arranged between the rails of the track system. On the surface 66 of the

Sound reduction elements is at least in one of these

Elements a groove 65 is provided for the insertion of a ground wire.

Fig. 7 shows a side view of two different absorption stones or sound reduction elements in forms as they can be used in the invention. Between the sleepers 63 and 67, a sound reduction element Z 1 stands with the feet 69 and 71 on the solid roadway (not shown here) and forms one between these feet Cavity 70, which is laterally supplemented by further cavities 75 towards the sleepers.

Another stone shape Z 2 is shown between the sleepers 67 and 68, which have wider feet 72 and 74, thereby enclosing a cavity 73.

It is easy to see that the stones for the placement between the sleepers and the rails can also have other contact surfaces in order to fulfill their function. It is important that between the individual

Shaped bodies Z 1 and Z 2 remain joints through which water can drain and corresponding dirt can be carried along. In the drawings, the sound reduction elements are designed so that they protrude above the head of the rail 61. However, it is also within the scope of the invention

To make the sound reduction elements Z 1 and Z 2 lower if no particular emphasis is placed on reducing rail noise.

Ultimately, the sound reduction elements Z 1 and Z 2 shown in FIG. 7 can also be given support elements with which they are supported on the sleepers 63, 67, 68 and form a gap with the solid roadway - not shown here. However, should body vibrations be entered into the thresholds, such a mounting of the sound reduction elements would not be the most advantageous variant.

Claims

claims

1. Suitable for fitting with sound-reducing elements, ballast-free superstructure for railways with a concrete support plate and concrete sleepers with through holes arranged thereon with the interposition of leveling concrete

Height adjustment device, characterized by dowels (14, 23) embedded in the concrete support plate (12, 22) for receiving bolts (9, 19) which penetrate the concrete sleepers (1, 16) and which are at least partially threaded, which at least temporarily prevent the concrete sleepers from Support the concrete slab.

2. Superstructure according to claim 1, characterized in that the support plate from a plurality, between each other

Joint-forming, finite plates (42, 52) for supporting some concrete sleepers (1, 16, 56) is formed and the finite plates rest on a saddle-like or roof-shaped substructure (41, 55).

3. Superstructure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by a threaded piece (8) embedded in the concrete sleeper (1) with an internal thread complementary to the bolt (9).

4. Superstructure according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the threaded piece (8) in the concrete sleeper (1) is concreted or in a placeholder (26, 33) is arranged, the recess (6 18

47, 58) for the bolt (9, 19, 49, 59) passing through the concrete sleeper (1, 16, 56).

5. Superstructure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the concrete sleeper contains at least two injection holes (54, 35, 36) as a potting material passage at each end.

6. Superstructure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bolt (9, 19, 49, 59) in the concrete sleeper (1, 16, 56) is arranged in a place holder (26, 33) made of plastic.

7. Superstructure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the placeholder consists of two plastic halves.

8. Superstructure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the placeholder (33) comprises laterally arranged sleeves (35, 36) as injection holes.

9. superstructure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by a dowel (14) with an internal thread.

10. Superstructure according to claim 1, characterized in that the dowels in the concrete support plate as the bolt (9, 19, 49, 59) holding potting compound (14, 53) are formed.

11. Superstructure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the substructure as a hydraulically bound base layer

(41.55) is formed.

12. Superstructure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the finite plate (42, 52) consists of unreinforced concrete.

13. Superstructure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support plate (12, 22, 42, 52) consists of fiber concrete.

14. Superstructure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an elastic film (53) is arranged between the substructure (41, 55) and the finite plate (42, 52).

15. Superstructure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compensating concrete (10, 21) between the concrete sleeper (1, 16, 56) and the concrete support plate (12, 22, 42, 52) approximately on the area of a sleeper end (2nd , 17) is limited and the threshold is hollow in the middle of the track (15, 45).

16. Superstructure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by heavy, porous and water-permeable artificial stone bodies to be placed next to the rails as sound reduction elements (Z I, Z 2).

17. Sound reduction elements, in particular for a superstructure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by shaped bodies made of several

Materials or mixtures of these materials, selected from the group consisting of sand, gravel, grit, concrete, pumice stone, clay, aggregates that can be bound with cement or glue, cement, plastic glue.

18. Sound reduction elements according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by shaped bodies made of pebble-like and porous concrete.

19. Sound reduction elements according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by shaped bodies having a density of 1 to 1.2 kg / dm ³ and a compressive strength of 10 to 100 N / mm ² , preferably 15 to 25 N / mm ² .

20. Sound reduction elements, characterized by at least two, separated by cavities (70, 73, 75), arranged on the underside, Support elements, (69, 71, 72, 74) whose contact area is significantly smaller than the maximum cross section of the sound reduction elements.

21. A method for producing a ballastless superstructure for railways, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, with the following essential work steps:

Making a concrete slab (12, 22, 42, 52); - Pour in or insert dowels afterwards

(14, 23) into the surface of the concrete support plate according to a predefined grid plan, taking into account the threshold spacing and threshold designs, at least two dowels being assigned to each threshold (1, 16, 56);

Laying prefabricated concrete sleepers (1, 16, 56) which have through holes (6, 18, 47, 56) in accordance with the grid plan; Screwing in threaded bolts (9, 19, 49, 59) through which, if necessary, partially from a

Threaded piece (8) existing through holes (6, 18, 47, 56) in the sleepers (1, 16, 56) into the dowels (14, 23) of the concrete support plate (12, 22, 42, 52) until the sleepers (1, 16, 56) are at a predefined height at a distance from the concrete support slab;

Pour the gap between the concrete sleepers (1, 16, 56) and the concrete support plate (12, 22, 42, 52) with a non-elastic material (10, 21) in the hardened state, preferably a swelling mortar.

22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that holes for the dowels (14, 23) are produced after the manufacture of the concrete support plate.

23. The method according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that the threaded bolts (9, 19, 49, 59] can be used in the manufacture of the concrete sleepers (1, 16, 56).

24. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 23, characterized in that several prefabricated and equipped with rails concrete sleepers (1, 16, 56) as a complete track piece on the concrete support plate (12, 22, 42, 52) are set.

25. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 24, characterized in that the casting area of the gap (10) between the concrete threshold (1) and the concrete support plate (12) is limited by a prefabricated and positioned formwork (11).

26. The method comprising individual or all new features or combinations of the disclosed features.

27. Device comprising individual or all new features or combinations of the disclosed features.