WO1989001543A1 - Process for protecting masonry or concrete structures from runoff water - Google Patents

Process for protecting masonry or concrete structures from runoff water Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1989001543A1
WO1989001543A1 PCT/EP1988/000698 EP8800698W WO8901543A1 WO 1989001543 A1 WO1989001543 A1 WO 1989001543A1 EP 8800698 W EP8800698 W EP 8800698W WO 8901543 A1 WO8901543 A1 WO 8901543A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ballast
layer
liquid composition
suspension
mass
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1988/000698
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
François Lazare
Christian Jenny
Original Assignee
Irete S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Irete S.A. filed Critical Irete S.A.
Publication of WO1989001543A1 publication Critical patent/WO1989001543A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D22/00—Methods or apparatus for repairing or strengthening existing bridges ; Methods or apparatus for dismantling bridges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B1/00—Ballastway; Other means for supporting the sleepers or the track; Drainage of the ballastway
    • E01B1/008—Drainage of track
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B2/00—General structure of permanent way
    • E01B2/003—Arrangement of tracks on bridges or in tunnels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • E01D19/08—Damp-proof or other insulating layers; Drainage arrangements or devices ; Bridge deck surfacings
    • E01D19/083—Waterproofing of bridge decks; Other insulations for bridges, e.g. thermal ; Bridge deck surfacings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B1/00—Ballastway; Other means for supporting the sleepers or the track; Drainage of the ballastway
    • E01B1/002—Ballastless track, e.g. concrete slab trackway, or with asphalt layers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B2204/00—Characteristics of the track and its foundations
    • E01B2204/03—Injecting, mixing or spraying additives into or onto ballast or underground
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B2204/00—Characteristics of the track and its foundations
    • E01B2204/07—Drainage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process intended to protect from the effects of runoff certain masonry or concrete structures such as viaducts or railway bridges.
  • Most of these are works comprising a reinforced concrete deck covered with a mass of more or less mobile particulate matter, such as a ballast; the latter supports the railroad proper.
  • a ballast When cracks affect the deck, it was customary to lay the track and remove the ballast to re-seal and seal the cracks to prevent subsequent damage caused by frost, which required an interruption of the traffic, unless the cracks are easily accessible from below the deck, which is rarely the case, given the scaffolding constraints.
  • Patent EP 0 142 468 describes a process making it possible to produce such closures without having to move the bal ⁇ last.
  • Figures 1, 2 and 3 illustrate, seen in section, the success of the steps for implementing the method according to the invention.
  • Figure 4 illustrates the implementation of a variant of the method according to the invention.
  • Figure 5 shows, seen in section, a masonry work treated using the method according to the invention.
  • the present invention more particularly consists of a method intended to protect runoff from masonry or concrete structures, such as viaducts or railway bridges comprising a masonry or concrete trench 1 at least partially filled with a layer of material packed heterogeneous particulate of the all-purpose type 2 supporting a layer of ballast 3 on which a railroad track 4 rests.
  • a first step of said process without substantially displacing the ballast particles 3, an aqueous suspension of powdery mineral material 6 is spread over the upper surface 5 of the layer of all-purpose type material 2, in sufficient quantity to uniformize surface 5. This step is illustrated in fig. 1.
  • a powdery mineral material 6 it is equally possible to use a chemically inert or reactive mineral material with respect to water, as soon as it is sufficiently fine to clog the surface of the bulk.
  • inert material it is advantageous to use a silica powder, a rock powder, a clay or a silt for example.
  • chemically reactive mineral material it is possible to use a cement or gypsum (partially hydrated calcium sulphate) for example: cement is preferably used, for example at 40% by weight of cement and 60% of water.
  • said suspension of mineral material is spread in an amount sufficient to standardize the surface 5 (general interface / ballast), which is very uneven in essence.
  • We will calculate the necessary quantities so as to spread a layer of 1, 2 or 3 cm thick for example, in one or more loads depending on the situations encountered.
  • the water percolating through the mass of comer 2 will leave a crust of mineral matter of the order of 0.2 to 0.6 cm, or more depending on the case.
  • the aqueous suspension of mineral material 6 can be pigmented or colored. This technique makes it possible, in certain situations, to detect possible cracks in the deck 11, if need be to control the effectiveness of the clogging of the surface 5 of the layer of all-comers.
  • a solution or aqueous suspension of a polymerizable organic material 6 ′. in a gel once suitably spread on the surface 5 of the all-comer. It will thus be possible to seal the surface 5 sufficiently, and at the same time to standardize it.
  • suitable organic material an organic mixture with two components can be used, such as a methacrylate in the presence of a coagulation agent. Such products are available from the specialist trade.
  • a liquid composition 9 of which at least part is transformed at room temperature into a mass solid or waterproof elasto-plastic This step is illustrated in fig. 2.
  • a liquid composition 9 is spread over the surface of the latter, without substantially displacing the ballast particles 3, at least part of which is transformed at ambient temperature into a solid or elastoplastic mass raincoat.
  • This original technique has the great advantage of greatly reducing the proportions of noble material used, which is therefore expensive, that is to say composition 9.
  • the nature of the liquid composition 9 must be such that at least part of it is transformed at ambient temperature into a solid mass. or waterproof elasto-plastic, thus guaranteeing good sealing of the treated surface, in particular at the junction of the surface 5 with the side walls 7 of the trench.
  • liquid compositions which can advantageously be used in the present process can be solutions of synthetic resins, aqueous emulsions of synthetic resins such as latexes or mixtures of liquid synthetic resins with hardeners for these resins, with or without solvent. reagent. All liquid compositions
  • Curable materials already known as sealing agents can in principle be used, provided that their solidification occurs at ordinary temperature. It is understood that the solidification of the components dissolved in a non-reactive solvent or emulsified in water requires the evaporation of the solvent or of the water, which allows the porosity of the ballast layer 3 kept in place. For a good sealing of any cracks remaining in the layer 2, it is desirable that the liquid composition used gives rise to a flexible and elastic solid mass.
  • Liquid compositions 9 allowing the desired effects to be obtained can be obtained from products such as mixtures of polypropylene glycol and dimethyl diisocyanate or compositions generating epoxy resins.
  • quantities of liquid composition 9 of the order of 10 to 20 l / m ⁇ lead to the production of a membrane at least 1 cm thick. Depending on the case, the operation can be repeated to obtain superimposed layers of material 9.
  • the application of the aqueous suspension of mineral material 6, of the solution or suspension of mineral matter 6 ′, respectively the liquid composition 9, can be effec ⁇ killed by a simple spreading on the very surface of the ballast 3 followed, if necessary, by rinsing the ballast particles This avoids sticking the ballast particles after solidification of the remaining material, which is not always desirable.
  • the suspension of mineral matter 6, the solution or suspension of mineral matter 6 ', respectively the liquid composition 9, can be applied by means of tubes 12 implanted at regular intervals in the ballast 3, the lower end of said tubes being located at the surface to be treated. This implantation is carried out without substantially displacing the ballast particles 3, using the usual techniques such as perforations or vibrations. Only a few particles of ballast are thus removed from their initial position, without the whole of the supporting structure of track 4 being affected.
  • the tubes 12. can be installed either obliquely or vertically, depending on the configuration of the workplace, so that their lower end is level, otherwise in contact with the surface to be treated.
  • metallic cylindrical tubes are used, which are strong enough to withstand the shocks and the pressure of the ballast layer.
  • the tube can also be protected by an external sleeve.
  • drains 14 are installed through the deck 11 of the structure 1, the upper end of which opens into the layer of general purpose material 2. This step is illustrated in fig. 4.
  • the drains 14 may have their lower end completely free, or closed at will, according to the situations encountered.
  • the effectiveness of the sealing effected can be checked a poste ⁇ riori.
  • pressure is spread over the upper surface 10 of the deck 11 ′ of the structure 1, by means of tubes 12 passing through the layers of material 2 and 3, the lower end of said tubes being located at the level of the surface to be treated, a liquid composition 13 at least part of which transforms at ambient temperature into a solid or impermeable elastoplastic mass .
  • This step is also illustrated in fig. 4.
  • liquid composition 13 it is advantageously possible to use a composition such as those described above, in particular a methacrylate emulsion containing a coagulation agent. Before or during its solidification by polymerization, for example, said composition 13 can also flow by gravity until it comes to close any cracks present in the deck 11. It is also possible to use a liquid composition 13 which turns into a hygroscopic mass or a chemically reactive mass with water.
  • the drains 14 can be installed after the treatment of the upper surface 10 of the deck 11, using the liquid composition 13. Such variants will apply in function tion of the situations encountered and the effects sought.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)

Abstract

Masonry or concrete structures such as viaducts or railway bridges having a masonry or concrete trench (1) at least partly filled with a layer of compacted, ungraded, heterogeneous particulate material (2) supporting a ballast layer (3) on which railway tracks (4) are laid are protected from runoff water as follows: a) without moving the ballast particles (3), an aqueous suspension of a powdered mineral material (6) or an aqueous solution of an organic material which can be polymerized to a gel (6') is spread over the top surface (5) of the layer (2) in a sufficient quantity to render the surface (5) uniform; b) after disengagement of the walls (7) of the trench (1), the inner face (8) is impregnated with a liquid composition (9) at least part of which is converted at ambient temperature to an impermeable solid or elastoplastic mass; and c) after solidification of the layer of mineral matter (6) or gelling of the organic material (6'), a liquid composition (9) as defined above is spread over the surface of the organic material (6') without moving the ballast particles (3).

Description

Procédé pour protéger des eaux de ruissellement certains ouvrages de maçonnerie ou en béton Process for protecting certain masonry or concrete structures from runoff
La présente invention se rapporte à un procédé destiné à protéger des effets des eaux de ruissellement certains ouvrages de maçonnerie ou en béton tels des viaducs ou des ponts ferroviaires. Ce sont pour la plupart des ouvrages comportant un tablier en béton armé recouvert d'une masse de matière particulaire plus ou moins mobile, tel un ballast; ce dernier supporte la Λ*oie ferroviaire proprement dite. Lors que des fissures affectent le tablier, il était usuel de déposer la voie et de retirer le ballast pour refaire l'étan- chéité et obturer les fissures afin de prévenir des dégâts ultérieurs causés par le gel, ce qui nécessitait une inter¬ ruption du trafic, à moins que les fissures soient aisément accessibles depuis le dessous du tablier, ce qui est rare¬ ment le cas, compte tenu des sujétions d'échafaudage. Le brevet EP 0 142 468 décrit un procédé permettant de réaliser de telles obturations sans avoir à déplacer le bal¬ last. Ce procédé consiste à épandre, à la surface même du ballast, une composition liquide telle une résine polyméri- sable qui, s'écoulant par gravité jusqu'au niveau du tablier, vient ainsi obturer lesdites fissures. Cette technique ne se révèle toutefois appropriée qu'aux cas où le ballast propre¬ ment dit est disposé à même le tablier en béton et l'expé¬ rience montre que ce type de situation ne se rencontre que relativement rarement. il existe en effet bon nombre d'ouvrages d'art qu'il convient de traiter de façon adéquate, parfois construits à l'époque à l'aide de techniques rudimentaires : on peut citer, en particulier, des viaducs ferroviaires comportant une tranchée en maçonnerie ou en béton au moins partiellement remplie d'une couche de matériau particulaire hétérogène tassé de type tout-venant supportant une couche de ballast sur laquelle repose une voie ferrée.The present invention relates to a process intended to protect from the effects of runoff certain masonry or concrete structures such as viaducts or railway bridges. Most of these are works comprising a reinforced concrete deck covered with a mass of more or less mobile particulate matter, such as a ballast; the latter supports the railroad proper. When cracks affect the deck, it was customary to lay the track and remove the ballast to re-seal and seal the cracks to prevent subsequent damage caused by frost, which required an interruption of the traffic, unless the cracks are easily accessible from below the deck, which is rarely the case, given the scaffolding constraints. Patent EP 0 142 468 describes a process making it possible to produce such closures without having to move the bal¬ last. This process consists in spreading, on the very surface of the ballast, a liquid composition such as a polymerizable resin which, flowing by gravity to the level of the deck, thus closes said cracks. However, this technique proves to be suitable only in cases where the ballast itself is said to be placed directly on the concrete deck and experience shows that this type of situation is encountered only relatively rarely. there are indeed a number of engineering structures that need to be dealt with adequately, sometimes built at the time using rudimentary techniques: we can cite, in particular, railway viaducts with a trench in masonry or concrete at least partially filled with a layer of packed heterogeneous particulate material of the all-purpose type supporting a layer of ballast on which rests a railway.
Dans de telles situations, l'accès au tablier par simple épandage n'est pratiquement plus possible, la perméa¬ bilité du tout-venant n'étant pas comparable à celle du ballast courant. En outre, l'hétérogénéité de ce genre de matériau composite est telle que, même en cas de passage d'une composition liquide polymérisable au travers de la masse,sa répartition à la surface du tablier n'est pas garan¬ tie, ni même contrôlable. On a constaté de plus que la mise en place d'une couche protectrice imperméable à la jonction du ballast et du tout-venant ne protège pas efficacement le tablier des eaux de ruissellement, qui s'écoulent alors par les côtés de la tranchée et s'accumulent ainsi dans la masse de tout-venant. On peut aisément surmonter les inconvénients énumérés ci-dessus à l'aide du procédé selon la revendication 1 et se variantes, et protéger ainsi efficacement de tels ouvrages d'art des effets néfastes des eaux de ruissellement.In such situations, access to the apron by simple spreading is practically no longer possible, the permeability of all comers not being comparable to that of current ballast. In addition, the heterogeneity of this kind of composite material is such that, even if a liquid polymerizable composition passes through the mass, its distribution on the surface of the deck is not guaranteed, nor even controllable. It has also been found that the installation of an impermeable protective layer at the junction of the ballast and the mainstream does not effectively protect the deck from runoff water, which then flows through the sides of the trench and s 'thus accumulate in the mass of all comers. The drawbacks listed above can easily be overcome using the method according to claim 1 and variants, and thus effectively protect such engineering structures from the harmful effects of runoff.
Les dessins annexés sont destinés à illustrer, de façon schématique et non limitative, certaines des mises en oeuvre de la présente invention.The accompanying drawings are intended to illustrate, in a schematic and non-limiting manner, some of the implementations of the present invention.
Figures 1 , 2 et 3 illustrent, vu en coupe, la succes sion des étapes de mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'inventiFigures 1, 2 and 3 illustrate, seen in section, the success of the steps for implementing the method according to the invention.
Figure 4 illustre la mise en oeuvre d'une variante du procédé selon l'invention.Figure 4 illustrates the implementation of a variant of the method according to the invention.
Figure 5 représente, vu en coupe, un ouvrage de maçon nerie traité au moyen du procédé selon l'invention.Figure 5 shows, seen in section, a masonry work treated using the method according to the invention.
La présente invention consiste plus particulièrement en un procédé destiné à protéger des eaux de ruissellement des ouvrages de maçonnerie ou en béton, tels des viaducs ou des ponts ferroviaires comportant une tranchée en maçonnerie ou en béton 1 au moins partiellement remplie d'une couche de matériau particulaire hétérogène tassé de type tout-venant 2 supportant une couche de ballast 3 sur laquelle repose une voie ferrée 4. Dans une première étape dudit procédé, sans déplacer sensiblement les particules de ballast 3, on répand à la surface supérieure 5 de la couche de matériau de type tout- venant 2 une suspension aqueuse de matière minérale pulvé- rulente 6, en quantité suffisante pour uniformiser la surface 5. Cette étape est illustrée par fig. 1. A titre de matière minérale pulvérulente 6, on peut indifféremment utiliser une matière minérale chimiquement inerte ou réactiv vis-à-vis de l'eau, dès lors qu'elle est suffisamment fine pour colmater la surface du tout-venant. En guise de matière inerte, on peut avantageusement utiliser une poudre de silic une poudre de roche, une argile ou un limon par exemple. Comme matière minérale chimiquement réactive, on peut utili¬ ser un ciment ou du gypse (sulfate de calcium partiel- lement hydraté) par exemple : on utilise de préférence du ciment, par exemple à raison de 40% poids de ciment et 60% d'eau.The present invention more particularly consists of a method intended to protect runoff from masonry or concrete structures, such as viaducts or railway bridges comprising a masonry or concrete trench 1 at least partially filled with a layer of material packed heterogeneous particulate of the all-purpose type 2 supporting a layer of ballast 3 on which a railroad track 4 rests. In a first step of said process, without substantially displacing the ballast particles 3, an aqueous suspension of powdery mineral material 6 is spread over the upper surface 5 of the layer of all-purpose type material 2, in sufficient quantity to uniformize surface 5. This step is illustrated in fig. 1. As a powdery mineral material 6, it is equally possible to use a chemically inert or reactive mineral material with respect to water, as soon as it is sufficiently fine to clog the surface of the bulk. As inert material, it is advantageous to use a silica powder, a rock powder, a clay or a silt for example. As a chemically reactive mineral material, it is possible to use a cement or gypsum (partially hydrated calcium sulphate) for example: cement is preferably used, for example at 40% by weight of cement and 60% of water.
Selon l'invention, on répand ladite suspension de matière minérale en quantité suffisante pour uniformiser la surface 5 (interface tout-venant/ballast) , par essence très inégale. On calculera les quantités nécessaires de façon à répandre une couche de 1 , 2 ou 3 cm d'épaisseur par exemple, en une ou plusieurs charges selon les situations rencontrées. L'eau percolant au travers de la masse de tout- venant 2, laissera une croûte de matière minérale de l'ordre de 0,2 à 0,6 cm,ou plus selon les cas.According to the invention, said suspension of mineral material is spread in an amount sufficient to standardize the surface 5 (general interface / ballast), which is very uneven in essence. We will calculate the necessary quantities so as to spread a layer of 1, 2 or 3 cm thick for example, in one or more loads depending on the situations encountered. The water percolating through the mass of comer 2, will leave a crust of mineral matter of the order of 0.2 to 0.6 cm, or more depending on the case.
Selon l'invention également, la suspension aqueuse de matière minérale 6 peut être pigmentée ou colorée. Cette technique permet, dans certaines situations, de déceler d'éventuelles fissures dans le tablier 11, à la rigueur de contrôler l'efficacité du colmatage de la surface 5 de la couche de tout-venant.According to the invention also, the aqueous suspension of mineral material 6 can be pigmented or colored. This technique makes it possible, in certain situations, to detect possible cracks in the deck 11, if need be to control the effectiveness of the clogging of the surface 5 of the layer of all-comers.
Selon l'invention, on peut avantageusement substituer à la suspension de matière minérale 6 une solution ou suspension aqueuse d'une matière organique 6' polymérisable. en un gel, une fois convenablement répandue à la surface 5 du tout-venant. On parviendra ainsi à colmater de façon suffisante, et en même temps uniformiser, ladite surface 5. A titre de matière organique appropriée, on peut utiliser un mélange organique à deux composants, tel un méthacrylate en présence d'un agent de coagulation. De tels produits se trouvent auprès du commerce spécialisé.According to the invention, it is advantageous to substitute for the suspension of mineral matter 6 a solution or aqueous suspension of a polymerizable organic material 6 ′. in a gel, once suitably spread on the surface 5 of the all-comer. It will thus be possible to seal the surface 5 sufficiently, and at the same time to standardize it. As suitable organic material, an organic mixture with two components can be used, such as a methacrylate in the presence of a coagulation agent. Such products are available from the specialist trade.
Les quantités à répandre à la surface du tout-venant 2The quantities to be spread on the surface of all comers 2
* varieront au gré de la situation rencontrée, et de la nature du gel obtenu après polymérisation. Des couches de 0,5 à 2 cm d'épaisseur, voire plus dans certains cas donnent des résul¬ tats satisfaisants.* will vary according to the situation encountered, and the nature of the gel obtained after polymerization. Layers 0.5 to 2 cm thick, or even more in some cases give satisfactory results.
Dans une seconde étape selon l'invention, après déga- gement des parois 7 de la tranchée 1 , on en imprègne la face intérieure 8 au moyen d'une composition liquide 9 dont une partie au moins se transforme à la température ambiante en une masse solide ou élasto-plastique imperméable. Cette étape est illustrée par fig. 2. Dans une troisième étape du procédé selon l'invention, après un colmatage suffisant effectué à l'aide de la suspen¬ sion aqueuse ci-dessus, de préférence après solidification de la couche de matière minérale pulvérulente 6 ou gélifica- tion de la solution ou émulsion aqueuse organique 6' , on répand à la surface de celle-ci, sans déplacer sensiblement les particules de ballast 3, une composition liquide 9 dont une partie au moins se transforme à la température ambiante en une masse solide ou élasto-plastique imperméable. Cette technique originale a le grand avantage de réduire fortement les proportions de matière noble utilisée, par conséquent coûteuse, c'est-à-dire la composition 9.In a second step according to the invention, after clearing the walls 7 of the trench 1, the inner face 8 is impregnated with a liquid composition 9 of which at least part is transformed at room temperature into a mass solid or waterproof elasto-plastic. This step is illustrated in fig. 2. In a third step of the process according to the invention, after sufficient clogging carried out using the above aqueous suspen¬ sion, preferably after solidification of the layer of pulverulent mineral material 6 or gelling of the organic aqueous solution or emulsion 6 ′, a liquid composition 9 is spread over the surface of the latter, without substantially displacing the ballast particles 3, at least part of which is transformed at ambient temperature into a solid or elastoplastic mass raincoat. This original technique has the great advantage of greatly reducing the proportions of noble material used, which is therefore expensive, that is to say composition 9.
Conformément à l'invention, la nature de la composi¬ tion liquide 9 doit être telle qu'une partie au moins se transforme à la température ambiante en une masse solide ou élasto-plastique imperméable, garantissant ainsi une bonne étanchéité de la surface traitée, notamment à la jonction de la surface 5 avec les parois latérales 7 de la tranchée.According to the invention, the nature of the liquid composition 9 must be such that at least part of it is transformed at ambient temperature into a solid mass. or waterproof elasto-plastic, thus guaranteeing good sealing of the treated surface, in particular at the junction of the surface 5 with the side walls 7 of the trench.
Les compositions liquides que l'on peut avantageusemen utiliser dans le présent procédé peuvent être des solutions de résines synthétiques, des émulsions aqueuses de résines synthétiques telles que des latex ou des mélanges de résines synthétiques liquides avec des durcisseurs pour ces résines, avec ou sans solvant réactif. Toutes les compositions liqui-The liquid compositions which can advantageously be used in the present process can be solutions of synthetic resins, aqueous emulsions of synthetic resins such as latexes or mixtures of liquid synthetic resins with hardeners for these resins, with or without solvent. reagent. All liquid compositions
» des durcissables déjà connues en tant qu'agents d'étanchéi- fication sont en principe utilisables, pour autant que leur solidification se produise à la température ordinaire. Il est entendu que la solidification des composants dissous dans un solvant non réactif ou émulsionnés dans l'eau néces- site 1'évaporâtion du solvant ou de l'eau, ce que permet la porosité de la couche de ballast 3 maintenue en place. Pour une bonne obturation d'éventuelles fissures subsistant dans la couche 2, il est souhaitable que la composition liquide utilisée donne naissance à une masse solide souple et élas- tique.Curable materials already known as sealing agents can in principle be used, provided that their solidification occurs at ordinary temperature. It is understood that the solidification of the components dissolved in a non-reactive solvent or emulsified in water requires the evaporation of the solvent or of the water, which allows the porosity of the ballast layer 3 kept in place. For a good sealing of any cracks remaining in the layer 2, it is desirable that the liquid composition used gives rise to a flexible and elastic solid mass.
Des compositions liquides 9 permettant d'obtenir les effets désirés peuvent être obtenues à partir de produits tels que des mélanges de polypropylène glycol et de diméthyl- diisocyanate ou des compositions génératrices de résines époxy. Dans la pratique, des quantités de composition liquide 9 de l'ordre de 10 à 20 l/m^ conduisent à l'obtention d'une membrane d'au moins 1 cm d'épaisseur. Selon les cas, l'opéra¬ tion peut être répétée pour obtenir des couches superposées de matière 9. Selon l'une des mises en oeuvre du procédé de l'inven¬ tion, l'application de la suspension aqueuse de matière minérale 6, de la solution ou suspension de matière minérale 6', respectivement la composition liquide 9, peut être effec¬ tuée par un simple épandage à la surface même du ballast 3 suivi, le cas échéant, d'un rinçage des particules de ballast On évite ainsi d'encoller les particules de ballast après solidification de la matière subsistante, ce qui n'est pas toujours souhaitable. Selon une autre mise en oeuvre du procédé de l'inven¬ tion, la suspension de matière minérale 6, la solution ou suspension de matière minérale 6' , respectivement la composition liquide 9, peuvent être appliquées au moyen de tubes 12 implantés à intervalles réguliers dans le ballast 3, l'extrémité inférieure desdits tubes se situant au niveau de la surface à traiter. Cette implantation se fait sans dépl cer sensiblement les particules de ballast 3, à l'aide des techniques usuelles telles que perforations ou vibrations. Seules quelques particules de ballast sont ainsi écartées de leur position initiale, sans que l'ensemble de la struc¬ ture porteuse de la voie 4 en soit affectée.Liquid compositions 9 allowing the desired effects to be obtained can be obtained from products such as mixtures of polypropylene glycol and dimethyl diisocyanate or compositions generating epoxy resins. In practice, quantities of liquid composition 9 of the order of 10 to 20 l / m ^ lead to the production of a membrane at least 1 cm thick. Depending on the case, the operation can be repeated to obtain superimposed layers of material 9. According to one of the implementations of the process of the invention, the application of the aqueous suspension of mineral material 6, of the solution or suspension of mineral matter 6 ′, respectively the liquid composition 9, can be effec¬ killed by a simple spreading on the very surface of the ballast 3 followed, if necessary, by rinsing the ballast particles This avoids sticking the ballast particles after solidification of the remaining material, which is not always desirable. According to another implementation of the process of the invention, the suspension of mineral matter 6, the solution or suspension of mineral matter 6 ', respectively the liquid composition 9, can be applied by means of tubes 12 implanted at regular intervals in the ballast 3, the lower end of said tubes being located at the surface to be treated. This implantation is carried out without substantially displacing the ballast particles 3, using the usual techniques such as perforations or vibrations. Only a few particles of ballast are thus removed from their initial position, without the whole of the supporting structure of track 4 being affected.
Les tubes 12.peuvent être implantés soit obliquement, soit verticalement, en fonction de la configuration du lieu de travail, de façon que leur extrémité inférieure soit au niveau, sinon au contact de la surface à traiter. En règle générale, on utilise des tubes cylindriques métalliques, suffisamment résistants pour supporter les chocs et la pression de la couche de ballast. Selon les cas, on peut également protéger le tube par un manchon externe. Une fois les tubes 12 mis en place au-dessus de la portion de surface à traiter, on introduit la suspension aqueuse, respectivement la composition liquide dans lesdits tubes, par exemple au moyen d'une pompe doseuse. En fonction des problèmes rencontrés (température ambiante, viscosité de la composition, tassement des particules de ballast ...), on peut injecter la suspension ou la composition sous pres¬ sion. Celle-ci se répand alors sous le ballast 3, atteignant les zones à traiter au fur et à mesure de son déplacement horizontal. Dans l'une des variantes du procédé selon l'invention après avoir successivement mis en oeuvre les étapes du procédé selon la revendication 1 , on implante au travers du tablier 11 de l'ouvrage 1 des drains 14 dont l'extrémité supérieure débouche dans la couche de matériau de type tout- venant 2. Cette étape est illustrée par fig. 4.The tubes 12. can be installed either obliquely or vertically, depending on the configuration of the workplace, so that their lower end is level, otherwise in contact with the surface to be treated. As a rule, metallic cylindrical tubes are used, which are strong enough to withstand the shocks and the pressure of the ballast layer. Depending on the case, the tube can also be protected by an external sleeve. Once the tubes 12 have been placed above the surface portion to be treated, the aqueous suspension, respectively the liquid composition, is introduced into said tubes, for example by means of a metering pump. Depending on the problems encountered (ambient temperature, viscosity of the composition, compaction of the ballast particles, etc.), the suspension or the composition can be injected under pressure. It then spreads under the ballast 3, reaching the areas to be treated as it moves horizontally. In one of the variants of the method according to the invention after having successively implemented the steps of the method according to claim 1, drains 14 are installed through the deck 11 of the structure 1, the upper end of which opens into the layer of general purpose material 2. This step is illustrated in fig. 4.
Les drains 14 peuvent avoir leur extrémité inférieure totalement dégagée, ou obturée à volonté, au gré des situa¬ tions rencontrées. Au moyen d'une telle technique, on peut définitivement assécher la couche de tout-venant 2, en la débarrassant des eaux résiduelles accumulées avant les opéra¬ tions d'étanchéification. On peut en outre contrôler a poste¬ riori l'efficacité de l'étanchéité réalisée.The drains 14 may have their lower end completely free, or closed at will, according to the situations encountered. By means of such a technique, it is possible to definitively dry the surface layer 2, by ridding it of the residual water accumulated before the sealing operations. In addition, the effectiveness of the sealing effected can be checked a poste¬ riori.
Dans une autre variante du procédé selon l'invention, après avoir successivement mis en oeuvre les étapes du procédé défini ci-dessus, on répand sous pression, à la surface supérieure 10 du tablier 11 'de l'ouvrage 1, au moyen de tubes 12 traversant les couches de matériau 2 et 3, l'extrémité inférieure desdits tubes se situant au niveau de la surface à traiter, une composition liquide 13 dont une partie au moins se transforme à la température ambiante en une masse solide ou élasto-plastique imperméable. Cette étape est également illustrée par fig. 4.In another variant of the process according to the invention, after having successively implemented the steps of the process defined above, pressure is spread over the upper surface 10 of the deck 11 ′ of the structure 1, by means of tubes 12 passing through the layers of material 2 and 3, the lower end of said tubes being located at the level of the surface to be treated, a liquid composition 13 at least part of which transforms at ambient temperature into a solid or impermeable elastoplastic mass . This step is also illustrated in fig. 4.
A titre de composition liquide 13, on pourra avanta¬ geusement utiliser une composition telle que celles décrites plus haut, notamment une emulsion de methacrylate contenant un agent de coagulation. Avant ou pendant sa prise en masse par polymérisation par exemple, ladite composition 13 peut en outre s'écouler par gravité jusqu'à venir obturer d'éven¬ tuelles fissures présentes dans le tablier 11. On peut égale- ment utiliser une composition liquide 13 qui se transforme en une masse hygroscopique ou une masse chimiquement réactive avec l'eau. Dans une autre variante du procédé selon l'invention, on peut implanter les drains 14 après le traitement de la surface supérieure 10 du tablier 11, à l'aide de la composi¬ tion liquide 13. De telles variantes s'appliqueront en fonc- tion des situations rencontrées et des effets recherchés. As liquid composition 13, it is advantageously possible to use a composition such as those described above, in particular a methacrylate emulsion containing a coagulation agent. Before or during its solidification by polymerization, for example, said composition 13 can also flow by gravity until it comes to close any cracks present in the deck 11. It is also possible to use a liquid composition 13 which turns into a hygroscopic mass or a chemically reactive mass with water. In another variant of the method according to the invention, the drains 14 can be installed after the treatment of the upper surface 10 of the deck 11, using the liquid composition 13. Such variants will apply in function tion of the situations encountered and the effects sought.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé pour protéger des eaux de ruissellement des ouvrages de maçonnerie ou en béton tels des viaducs ou des ponts ferroviaires comportant une tranchée en maçonnerie ou en béton (1) au moins partiellement remplie d'une couche de matériau particulaire hétérogène tassé de type tout-venant (2) supportant une couche de ballast (3) sur laquelle repose une voie ferrée (4), caractérisé en ce que a) sans déplacer sensiblement les particules de ballast (3), on répand à la surface supérieure (5) de la couche de matériau de type tout-venant (2) une suspension aqueuse de matière minérale pulvérulente (6) ou une solution ou une suspension aqueuse d'une matière organique (6') polymérisable en un gel, en quantité suffisante pour unifor¬ miser la surface (5); b) après dégagement des parois (7) de la tranchée (1), on en imprègne la face intérieure (8) au moyen d'une composi¬ tion liquide (9) dont une partie au moins se transforme à la température ambiante en une masse solide ou élasto-plastique imperméable; et c) après solidification de la couche de matière minérale pulvérulente (6), respectivement gélification de la matière organique (6'), on répand à la surface de celle-ci, sans déplacer sensiblement les particules de ballast (3) , une composition liquide (9) dont une partie au moins se transforme à la température ambiante en une masse solide ou élasto-plastique imperméable.1. Method for protecting masonry or concrete structures such as viaducts or railway bridges from runoff water comprising a masonry or concrete trench (1) at least partially filled with a layer of compacted heterogeneous particulate material of the whole type -coming (2) supporting a layer of ballast (3) on which rests a railway track (4), characterized in that a) without substantially moving the ballast particles (3), it is spread on the upper surface (5) of the layer of material of the all-comer type (2) an aqueous suspension of powdery mineral material (6) or an aqueous solution or suspension of an organic material (6') polymerizable into a gel, in a quantity sufficient to uniformize the surface (5); b) after clearing the walls (7) of the trench (1), the interior face (8) is impregnated with a liquid composition (9) of which at least part transforms at ambient temperature into a solid or elastoplastic impermeable mass; and c) after solidification of the layer of powdery mineral material (6), respectively gelling of the organic material (6'), a composition is spread on the surface thereof, without noticeably displacing the ballast particles (3). liquid (9) of which at least part transforms at room temperature into an impermeable solid or elastoplastic mass.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que la matière minérale pulvérulente (6) est une matière chimiquement inerte vis-à-vis de l'eau telle une poudre de silice, une poudre de roche, une argile ou du limon.2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the powdery mineral material (6) is a material chemically inert with respect to water such as silica powder, rock powder, clay or silt.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la matière minérale pulvérulente (6) est une matière chimiquement réactive avec 1'eau tel un ciment ou du sulfate de calcium partiellement hydraté.3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the powdery mineral material (6) is a material chemically reactive with water such as cement or partially hydrated calcium sulfate.
4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la suspension de matière minérale pulvérulente (6) est une suspension pigmentée ou colorée.4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the suspension of powdery mineral material (6) is a pigmented or colored suspension.
5. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la solution, ou emulsion aqueuse (6') comprend un mélange organique à deux composants se transformant en un gel à la surface du tout-venant (2) , tel un mélange à base de methacrylate et d'un agent de coagulation.5. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the solution, or aqueous emulsion (6') comprises a two-component organic mixture transforming into a gel on the surface of the distillate (2), such as a base mixture methacrylate and a coagulating agent.
6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la suspension aqueuse de matière minérale (6), la solution ou emulsion aqueuse organique (6r) respectivement la composition liquide (9) , sont appliquées par épandage à la surface même du ballast (3) suivi,le cas échéant, d'un rinçage des particules de ballast.6. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the aqueous suspension of mineral material (6), the organic aqueous solution or emulsion (6 r ) respectively the liquid composition (9), are applied by spreading to the surface of the ballast (3) itself followed, if necessary, by rinsing the ballast particles.
7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la suspension de matière minérale (6), la solution ou emulsion aqueuse organique (6'), respective- ment la composition liquide (9) , sont appliquées au moyen de tubes (12) implantés à intervalles réguliers dans le ballast (3), l'extrémité inférieure desdits tubes se situant au nive de la surface à traiter.7. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the suspension of mineral material (6), the organic aqueous solution or emulsion (6'), respectively the liquid composition (9), are applied to the means of tubes (12) implanted at regular intervals in the ballast (3), the lower end of said tubes being located at the level of the surface to be treated.
8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la suspension de matière minérale (6) , la solution ou emulsion aqueuse organique (6'), respectivement la compo¬ sition liquide 8. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the suspension of mineral material (6), the organic aqueous solution or emulsion (6'), respectively the liquid composition
(9), sont introduites sous pression dans les tubes (12). . Procédé pour protéger des eaux de ruissellement des ouvrages de maçonnerie ou en béton tels que définis à la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'après avoir succes¬ sivement mis en oeuvre les étapes du procédé selon la reven¬ dication 1, on implante au travers du tablier (11) de l'ouvrage (1) des drains (T4) dont l'extrémité supérieure débouche dans la couche de matériau de type tout-venant (2) . (9), are introduced under pressure into the tubes (12). . Process for protecting masonry or concrete structures from runoff water as defined in claim 1, characterized in that after having successively implemented the steps of the process according to claim 1, we implant through of the apron (11) of the structure (1) of the drains (T4) whose upper end opens into the layer of run-of-the-mill type material (2).
10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que les drains (14) sont obturables à volonté.10. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the drains (14) can be closed at will.
11. Procédé pour protéger des eaux de ruissellement des ouvrages de maçonnerie ou en béton tels que définis à la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'après avoir succes¬ sivement mis en oeuvre les étapes du procédé selon la reven¬ dication 9, on répand sous pression à la surface supérieure (10) du tablier (11) de l'ouvrage (1), au moyen de tubes (12) traversant les couches de matériau (2) et (3) et dont l'extrémité inférieure se situe au niveau de la surface à traiter, une composition liquide (13) dont une partie au moins se transforme à la température ambiante en une masse solide ou élasto-plastique imperméable.11. Method for protecting masonry or concrete structures from runoff water as defined in claim 1, characterized in that after having successively implemented the steps of the method according to claim 9, we spread under pressure to the upper surface (10) of the deck (11) of the structure (1), by means of tubes (12) passing through the layers of material (2) and (3) and whose lower end is located at the level of the surface to be treated, a liquid composition (13) of which at least part transforms at room temperature into an impermeable solid or elastoplastic mass.
12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que la composition liquide (13) se transforme -en une masse hygroscopique ou une masse chimiquement réactive avec l'eau. 12. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the liquid composition (13) transforms into a hygroscopic mass or a chemically reactive mass with water.
PCT/EP1988/000698 1987-08-11 1988-08-02 Process for protecting masonry or concrete structures from runoff water WO1989001543A1 (en)

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CH308687A CH673667A5 (en) 1987-08-11 1987-08-11
CH3086/87 1987-08-11

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CN104818670A (en) * 2015-03-27 2015-08-05 王仲辰 Waterproof structure of high speed railway ballastless concrete bridge continuous concrete carriageway plate system

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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CN104818670A (en) * 2015-03-27 2015-08-05 王仲辰 Waterproof structure of high speed railway ballastless concrete bridge continuous concrete carriageway plate system
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