JP4438219B2

JP4438219B2 - Disaster prevention method

Info

Publication number: JP4438219B2
Application number: JP2000352690A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 秀昭桜井; 勝掛川; 英夫萱原
Original assignee: Taiheiyo Materials Corp
Current assignee: Taiheiyo Materials Corp
Priority date: 2000-11-20
Filing date: 2000-11-20
Publication date: 2010-03-24
Anticipated expiration: 2020-11-20
Also published as: JP2002155536A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、岩盤、岩石及び／又は岩石群、特に急傾斜地にある岩石等が、崩落又は落石することにより引き起こされる災害を防止する工法及びそれに用いる水硬性組成物と水との混練物に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、急傾斜地にある岩盤、岩石及び／又は岩石群が、崩落又は落石することにより引き起こされる災害を防止するために、ア）モルタルをそれらの表面に吹き付ける方法や、イ）ロープやワイヤーなどにより固定する方法（特開平１１−３０３２５号）、ウ）超微粒子注入材を含む接着性セメント乳剤を注入又は圧入した後に接着性モルタルを注入又は圧入する方法（特許第２６９４３７９号）等が提案されている。しかし、ア）やイ）は、岩盤等の表面を抑えているに過ぎないので、地震等の震動で内部がずれてしまい崩落又は落石する危険がある。ウ）は接着性セメント乳剤や接着性モルタルを注入又は圧入する場合に圧力がかかり過ぎて岩盤等が動き、場合により崩落又は落石が起こる危険がある。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、耐地震性に優れ、かつ施工時も安全、岩盤、岩石及び／又は岩石群が、崩落又は落石することにより引き起こされる災害を防止する工法及びそれに用いる水硬性組成物の水との混練物を得ることにある。
【０００４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そこで本発明者は、内部まで十分に充填剤を侵入させて確実に災害を防止し、かつ施工時の安全性を確保すべく検討した結果、水硬性組成物と水との混練物を１回あたり２ｍ以下の高さで、下から上へと順次充填すれば、上記目的が達成できることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
【０００５】
すなわち、本発明は、崩落及び／又は落石の恐れのある岩盤、岩石及び／又は岩石群の間隙及び／又はひび割れに水硬性組成物と水との混練物（Ａ）を充填し固化させて、岩盤、岩石及び／又は岩石群の崩落及び落石を防止する災害防止工法において、水硬性組成物と水との混練物（Ａ）を充填する前に、水を含む非水硬性液状物を注入した上で、１回に充填する高さを２ｍ以下とし、順次下から上へ充填していくことを特徴とする災害防止工法を提供するものである。
【０００６】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明災害防止工法においては、水硬性組成物と水との混練物（Ａ）を充填する高さを、１回あたり２ｍ以内とし、下から上へと順次充填していくことにより、ひび割れ等に過剰な圧力がかからず、充填時に過剰な圧力による岩盤等が動かず、崩落又は落石が起こる危険が低くなり、災害を防止できる。充填高さは、好ましくは１．５ｍ以下、更に０．５〜１．２ｍが好ましい。０．５ｍ以下だと施工工程が多くなり、施工に多くの時間を要してしまう。また、１回に充填する高さが２ｍを超えると、その時生じるヘッド圧により岩盤等が動いてしまい、崩落又は落石が起こることがある。
【０００７】
また、順次下から上に充填していかない、つまり、上から下に充填していくと、最下部に充填材が溜まることによりヘッド圧で岩盤等が動いてしまい崩落又は落石が起こったり、下部に充填するときに先に充填した充填材により十分に充填することができなかったり、また、上部の充填が十分に行えず、結果として充填を行う予定にしていたところに十分に充填できない箇所が存在してしまい岩盤等に弱い部分ができ、地震等により崩落又は落石が起こる危険が高くなる。
【０００８】
また、水硬性組成物と水との混練物（Ａ）を充填する前に、水を含む非水硬性液状物を注入することで、充填をスムースに行うことができる。水を含む非水硬性液状物を事前に注入しないと、充填材の水分が岩盤等に一部取られてしまい、充填できる範囲が狭くなる傾向がある。ここで、水を含む非水硬性液状物としては、水、水を分散媒とするエマルション又は水溶液が好ましく、特に、水、水を分散媒とする高分子エマルション又は珪酸塩の水溶液が好ましい。また、当該液状物の粘度は２０mPa・s以下が好ましく、更に１０mPa・s以下が好ましい。
【０００９】
また、混練物（Ａ）の充填材を充填する前に岩盤、岩石及び／又は岩石群の間隙及び／又はひび割れの表層部に、水硬性組成物と水との混練物（Ｂ）による目止めを行うことで、充填材が漏れ出すことを防ぐことができ、十分な充填を行うことができる。
【００１０】
本発明の工法に用いる充填用混練物（Ａ）及び目止め用混練物（Ｂ）としては、いずれも水硬性組成物と水との混練物であればよいが、岩盤等への接着性の点でポリマーを含む混練物、特にポリマーセメントモルタルが好ましい。ここで、ポリマーとしては、接着性セメントに配合されるポリマーであれば特に制限されず、例えば、天然ゴム、スチレン−ブタジエン共重合体、アクリロニトリル−ブタジエン共重合体、メチルメタクリレート−ブタジエン共重合体、ポリプロピレン、ポリクロロプレン、ブタジエン重合体、ポリアクリル酸エステル、スチレン−アクリル共重合体、酢酸ビニル−アクリル共重合体、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、エチレン−酢酸ビニル−塩化ビニル共重合体、酢酸ビニルビニルバーサテート共重合体、アスファルト、ゴムアスファルト、パラフィン、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、セルロース誘導体、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリアクリル酸塩、フルフリラルコール等が挙げられる。その形態としては、エマルション（ラテックス）、再乳化型粉末樹脂、水溶液、液状などで用いることができる。２種以上を合わせて用いてもよい。当該ポリマーは水硬性組成物１００重量部に対して０．２〜５０重量部、更に１〜５０重量部、特に１〜３０重量部配合するのが接着性増強効果及び粘性上昇による操作性低下の点から好ましい。
【００１１】
また、混練物（Ａ）は十分な充填性を確保する点から、ＪＳＣＥ−Ｆ５４１−１９９９「充てんモルタルの流動性試験方法」のＪ₁₄漏斗を用いた流下時間が３０秒以下であるのが好ましく、より好ましくは１５秒以下であり、更に好ましくは３．５〜１０秒である。
【００１２】
充填用の混練物（Ａ）としては、水硬性組成物１００重量部に対し、ポリマーを０．２〜５０重量部（特に１〜５０重量部、更に１〜３０重量部）含み、ＪＳＣＥ−Ｆ５４１−１９９９で規定される流下時間が３０秒以内であるのが、充填性及び接着性が高く、災害防止効果の点で特に好ましい。そして、このような混練物（Ａ）は、通常の崩落及び／又は落石の恐れのある岩盤、岩石及び／又は岩石群の間隙及び／又はひび割れに充填物を充填し固化させて、岩盤、岩石及び／又は岩石群の崩落及び落石を防止する災害防止工法における充填材としても有用である。漏斗に混練物が詰まる等流下時間が測定できない混練物（Ａ）は２０mm以上の幅がないひび割れ等への充填には不向きであり、また、流下時間が３０秒を超えるものはひび割れ等への充填に圧力を要してしまい好ましくはない。
【００１３】
本発明の混練物（Ａ）及び（Ｂ）に用いられる水硬性組成物は、セメント、スラグ粉末、石膏等の水硬性物質を含み、その他骨材、混和材（剤）を必要により含くむものである。
【００１４】
水硬性物質としては、セメント及び／又はスラグ粉末が好ましく、その使用量は混練物（Ａ）又は（Ｂ）１００重量部に対して２５〜７５重量部が好ましい。２５重量部より少ないと混練物の施工性及び硬化体の強度が低くなり、７５重量部より多くなると硬化体の硬化後の収縮が大きくなり、岩盤等の崩壊や落石を十分に抑えることができなくなる。
【００１５】
本発明に用いられる骨材としては川砂、海砂、砕砂、陸砂、珪砂、炭酸カルシウム質砂、その他市販の砂等の細骨材及び川砂利、海砂利、山砂利、花崗岩砕砂、安山岩砕砂、石灰岩砕砂等の粗骨材、人工骨材等が挙げられ、２種以上を合わせて用いてもよい。混練物における含有量は特に限定されるものではないが、混練物（Ａ）又は（Ｂ）１００重量部に対して２０〜８０重量部の範囲で適宜決定すれば良い。含有量が２０重量部未満では、乾燥収縮によるひび割れが発生する恐れが大きく、８０重量部を超えると施工性が悪くなる。また、骨材の最大粒径と粒度は用途に合わせて決定すれば良い。充填部の幅が５０mm以下であれば、最大粒径は３．０mm以下が充填性の点で好ましい。また、必要により粗骨材を添加することもできる。
【００１６】
混和材（剤）としては、モルタルやコンクリート等で一般に用いられる、減水剤等の分散剤、保水剤、増粘剤、防錆剤、有機繊維、収縮低減剤、フライアッシュ、シリカヒューム等のシリカ質微粉末、フィラー等の各種混和材（剤）を１種又は２種以上を用いることができる。
【００１７】
混練物（Ａ）及び（Ｂ）に用いる水としては、水道水、海水、地下水、河川の水などいずれも挙げることができるが、セメント等の硬化に悪影響を及ぼす成分を含んでいないものが好ましく、「ＪＩＳＡ５３０８付属書９レディーミクストコンクリートの練混ぜに用いる水」に適合する水を用いるのが好ましいが、混和材（剤）に含まれる水を用いることも可能である。水の量は、特に限定するものではなく用途に合った範囲で決定すれば良いが、水硬性組成物１００重量部に対し１０〜６０重量部が施工性の点で好ましい。１０重量部未満では練混ぜが困難であり施工性が悪化する。６０重量部を超えると分離しやすくなり、充填した混練物が収縮しやすくなり、硬化体にクラックが発生しやすくなり、岩盤等の崩落や落石を抑えることができなくなる。
【００１８】
【実施例】
実施例１〜３及び比較例１〜３
亀裂の入った高さ約３０ｍの崖部の岩盤に、表１記載の組成１のポリマーセメントモルタルで目止めを行い、次の各方法により組成２のポリマーセメントモルタルを充填し、震度６以上の地震２回経過後の確認を行った。なお、ポリマーセメントモルタル充填前に表２に示す水又は非水硬性液状物を表面１ｍ²当たり１０リットル注入した。その結果を表３に示す。
【００１９】
【表１】

【００２０】
【表２】

【００２１】
【表３】

【００２２】
【発明の効果】
本発明工法によれば岩盤、岩石及び／又は岩石群の間隙及び／又はひび割れに充填材が十分かつ確実に侵入するため確実に崩落等の災害が防止でき、かつ施工時に岩盤等が動くことなく安全に施工できる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a construction method for preventing a disaster caused by collapse of rocks, rocks and / or rock groups, particularly rocks on steep slopes, and a kneaded mixture of a hydraulic composition and water used therefor.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in order to prevent disasters caused by rocks, rocks and / or rocks in steep slopes falling or falling, a) methods of spraying mortar on their surfaces, or a) ropes and wires, etc. A method of fixing (JP-A-11-30325), a method of injecting or injecting an adhesive mortar after injecting or injecting an adhesive cement emulsion containing an ultrafine particle injecting material (Japanese Patent No. 2694379), and the like have been proposed. Yes. However, since A) and B) only suppress the surface of the bedrock, etc., there is a risk of falling or falling rocks due to the displacement of the interior due to earthquakes. In the case of c), when an adhesive cement emulsion or adhesive mortar is injected or press-fitted, there is a risk that the pressure will be applied too much and the bedrock will move, causing collapse or falling rocks.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for preventing disaster caused by collapse or falling of rocks, rocks and / or rocks, which is excellent in earthquake resistance and safe during construction, and water of a hydraulic composition used therefor. It is to obtain a kneaded product.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Therefore, the present inventor has studied to prevent accidents by sufficiently infiltrating the filler into the interior and to ensure safety during construction. As a result, the kneaded mixture of the hydraulic composition and water is once. The present invention has been completed by finding that the above-mentioned object can be achieved by sequentially filling from the bottom to the top at a height of 2 m or less.
[0005]
That is, the present invention fills and solidifies the kneaded mixture (A) of the hydraulic composition and water in the gaps and / or cracks of rocks, rocks and / or rock groups that may fall and / or fall rocks, In the disaster prevention method to prevent rocks, rocks and / or rocks from collapsing and falling rocks , a non-hydraulic liquid containing water was injected before filling the mixture (A) of the hydraulic composition and water. The above is to provide a disaster prevention construction method characterized in that the height to be filled at one time is 2 m or less and the filling is performed from the bottom to the top .
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the disaster prevention construction method of the present invention, the height of filling the kneaded product (A) of the hydraulic composition and water is within 2 m per time, and by sequentially filling from bottom to top, cracks, etc. In addition, excessive pressure is not applied to the rock, and the bedrock or the like due to excessive pressure does not move during filling, so that the risk of collapse or falling rocks is reduced, and disasters can be prevented. The filling height is preferably 1.5 m or less, and more preferably 0.5 to 1.2 m. If it is 0.5 m or less, the construction process will increase, and it will take a lot of time for construction. Moreover, if the height filled at one time exceeds 2 m, the bedrock or the like may move due to the head pressure generated at that time, and collapse or rockfall may occur.
[0007]
Also, if you do not fill from top to bottom sequentially, that is, if you fill from top to bottom, the bedrock will move due to the head pressure due to the accumulation of filler at the bottom, causing collapse or falling rocks, In some cases, it is not possible to sufficiently fill with the filler previously filled, or the upper part cannot be sufficiently filled, and as a result, there are places where it was not possible to sufficiently fill where it was planned to be filled. It is present and a weak part is formed in the bedrock, and there is a high risk of collapse or falling rocks due to an earthquake or the like.
[0008]
Moreover, before filling the kneaded material (A) of a hydraulic composition and water, filling can be performed smoothly by injecting a non-hydraulic liquid material containing water. If a non-hydraulic liquid material containing water is not poured in advance, a part of the moisture of the filler is taken up by the rock or the like, and the range that can be filled tends to be narrowed. Here, the non-hydraulic liquid containing water is preferably water, an emulsion or an aqueous solution containing water as a dispersion medium, and particularly preferably an aqueous polymer emulsion or an aqueous silicate solution containing water or water as a dispersion medium. Further, the viscosity of the liquid material is preferably 20 mPa · s or less, and more preferably 10 mPa · s or less.
[0009]
Further, before filling with the filler of the kneaded material (A), the gap between the bedrock, rock and / or rock group and / or the surface layer of the crack is sealed with the kneaded material (B) of the hydraulic composition and water. By performing the above, leakage of the filler can be prevented, and sufficient filling can be performed.
[0010]
The kneaded material for filling (A) and the kneaded material for sealing (B) used in the method of the present invention may be any kneaded material of a hydraulic composition and water. A kneaded product containing a polymer, particularly a polymer cement mortar is preferred. Here, the polymer is not particularly limited as long as it is a polymer blended in the adhesive cement. For example, natural rubber, styrene-butadiene copolymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer, methyl methacrylate-butadiene copolymer, Polypropylene, polychloroprene, butadiene polymer, polyacrylate, styrene-acrylic copolymer, vinyl acetate-acrylic copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate-vinyl chloride copolymer, vinyl acetate Examples thereof include vinyl versatate copolymer, asphalt, rubber asphalt, paraffin, unsaturated polyester resin, epoxy resin, cellulose derivative, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylate, and furfuryl alcohol. As its form, it can be used in the form of an emulsion (latex), a re-emulsifying powder resin, an aqueous solution, or a liquid. Two or more kinds may be used in combination. The polymer is blended in an amount of 0.2 to 50 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 50 parts by weight, particularly 1 to 30 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the hydraulic composition. It is preferable from the point.
[0011]
From the viewpoint kneaded product (A) is to ensure adequate filling properties, it is preferred flow time is less than 30 seconds with JSCE-F541-1999 J ₁₄ funnel "Test Method of Flowability for Filling Mortar" More preferably, it is 15 seconds or less, More preferably, it is 3.5 to 10 seconds.
[0012]
The kneaded material (A) for filling contains 0.2 to 50 parts by weight (especially 1 to 50 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 30 parts by weight) of polymer with respect to 100 parts by weight of the hydraulic composition, and JSCE-F541. -The flow-down time specified by -1999 is within 30 seconds, which is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of disaster prevention effect because of high filling properties and adhesiveness. Such a kneaded material (A) is filled with a filler in the gaps and / or cracks of rocks, rocks and / or rock groups that are likely to collapse and / or fall, and is solidified. It is also useful as a filler in a disaster prevention method for preventing rocks from collapsing and falling rocks. The kneaded material (A) in which the flow time cannot be measured is not suitable for filling cracks or the like having a width of 20 mm or more, and those whose flow time exceeds 30 seconds are not suitable for cracking. Pressure is required for filling, which is not preferable.
[0013]
The hydraulic composition used in the kneaded materials (A) and (B) of the present invention contains hydraulic substances such as cement, slag powder, gypsum, and other aggregates and admixtures (agents) as necessary. .
[0014]
As a hydraulic substance, cement and / or slag powder are preferable, and the usage-amount is 25-75 weight part with respect to 100 weight part of kneaded materials (A) or (B). If it is less than 25 parts by weight, the workability of the kneaded product and the strength of the cured body will be low, and if it is more than 75 parts by weight, the shrinkage after curing of the cured body will be large, and it will be possible to sufficiently suppress the collapse of rocks and falling rocks. Disappear.
[0015]
The aggregate used in the present invention is river sand, sea sand, crushed sand, land sand, quartz sand, calcium carbonate sand, other fine aggregates such as commercially available sand, river gravel, sea gravel, mountain gravel, granite crushed sand, andesite crushed sand Coarse aggregates such as limestone crushed sand, artificial aggregates and the like can be mentioned, and two or more kinds may be used in combination. Although content in a kneaded material is not specifically limited, What is necessary is just to determine suitably in the range of 20-80 weight part with respect to 100 weight part of kneaded material (A) or (B). If the content is less than 20 parts by weight, there is a large risk of cracking due to drying shrinkage, and if it exceeds 80 parts by weight, the workability is deteriorated. Further, the maximum particle size and particle size of the aggregate may be determined according to the application. If the width of the filling portion is 50 mm or less, the maximum particle size is preferably 3.0 mm or less from the viewpoint of filling properties. Moreover, a coarse aggregate can also be added as needed.
[0016]
Admixtures (agents) commonly used in mortar, concrete, etc., such as dispersants such as water reducing agents, water retention agents, thickeners, rust inhibitors, organic fibers, shrinkage reducing agents, silica such as fly ash, silica fume, etc. 1 type (s) or 2 or more types can be used for various admixtures (agents), such as a fine powder and a filler.
[0017]
Examples of the water used for the kneaded materials (A) and (B) include tap water, seawater, groundwater, river water, and the like, but those that do not contain components that adversely affect the hardening of cement and the like are preferable. Although it is preferable to use water that conforms to “JIS A 5308 Appendix 9 Water used for kneading ready mixed concrete”, it is also possible to use water contained in an admixture (agent). The amount of water is not particularly limited and may be determined within a range suitable for the application, but is preferably 10 to 60 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the hydraulic composition in terms of workability. If it is less than 10 parts by weight, kneading is difficult and workability deteriorates. When the amount exceeds 60 parts by weight, separation becomes easy, the filled kneaded material is likely to shrink, cracks are likely to occur in the cured body, and rock collapse or falling rocks cannot be suppressed.
[0018]
【Example】
Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3
The cracked cliff rocks with a height of about 30m were filled with polymer cement mortar of composition 1 listed in Table 1 and filled with polymer cement mortar of composition 2 by the following methods. Confirmation after 2 earthquakes. In addition, 10 liters of water or non-hydraulic liquid material shown in Table 2 was injected per 1 m ² of the surface before filling with polymer cement mortar. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0019]
[Table 1]

[0020]
[Table 2]

[0021]
[Table 3]

[0022]
【The invention's effect】
According to the construction method of the present invention, the filler can sufficiently and surely enter the gaps and / or cracks of the rock, rock and / or rock group, so that it is possible to prevent accidents such as collapse, and the rock is not moved during construction. Can be installed safely.

Claims

Filling and solidifying the mixture (A) of the hydraulic composition and water in the gaps and / or cracks of rocks, rocks and / or rocks that are likely to collapse and / or rock fall, and solidifying them, In the disaster prevention method to prevent rocks from collapsing and falling rocks, before filling the kneaded product (A) of the hydraulic composition and water, after injecting a non-hydraulic liquid material containing water , A disaster prevention method characterized in that the filling height is 2 m or less and the filling is done from the bottom to the top.

Disaster prevention method according to claim 1, wherein flow time defined by JSCE-F541-1999 is within 30 seconds of the kneaded material (A).

After clogging with a kneaded mixture (B) of a hydraulic composition and water on the surface layer of the rock and / or rocks and / or rocks and / or cracks, the hydraulic composition in the gaps and / or cracks The disaster prevention method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the kneaded product (A) of the product and water is filled and solidified.

For filling a hydraulic composition and kneaded product of water (A) and / or eyes hydraulic composition for preventing and kneaded product with water (B) is a polymer cement mortar, as claimed in claim 1 to 3 The disaster prevention construction method according to any one of the above.