WO1994005950A1 - Steam generator - Google Patents

Steam generator Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994005950A1
WO1994005950A1 PCT/DE1993/000771 DE9300771W WO9405950A1 WO 1994005950 A1 WO1994005950 A1 WO 1994005950A1 DE 9300771 W DE9300771 W DE 9300771W WO 9405950 A1 WO9405950 A1 WO 9405950A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
steam
water
steam generator
centrifugal separator
heating surface
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1993/000771
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Joachim Franke
Wolfgang Vollmer
Eberhard Wittchow
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO1994005950A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994005950A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F22B37/14—Supply mains, e.g. rising mains, down-comers, in connection with water tubes
    • F22B37/141—Supply mains, e.g. rising mains, down-comers, in connection with water tubes involving vertically-disposed water tubes, e.g. walls built-up from vertical tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B29/02—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of forced-circulation type
    • F22B29/023—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of forced-circulation type without drums, i.e. without hot water storage in the boiler
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/26—Steam-separating arrangements
    • F22B37/32—Steam-separating arrangements using centrifugal force

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a steam generator with a gas flue of substantially vertically disposed, and gas-tightly interconnected tubes forming a Ver ⁇ dampferlikisation phenomenon and are connected with their inlet ends to an inlet header, and with their outlet ends with a water-steam Trenneinrich ⁇ device are connected, the water-steam separating device being connected to the inlet header via a downpipe arranged outside the throttle cable.
  • the steam is generated predominantly in a circulation system which is composed of a forced passage through the evaporator heating surface and a natural circulation superimposed on it via the downpipe.
  • the tubes which are connected to one another to form a gas-tight tube wall lead directly or via an outlet collector common to them into a water-steam drum in which water and steam are separated from one another.
  • a steam generator with natural circulation which is also referred to as a drum boiler, is e.g. known from the publication "steam generation", Springer-Verlag, 1985, in particular page 7, picture 1.4.
  • the water-steam drum has a large wall thickness due to the high steam pressure prevailing in the drum and the large internal diameter.
  • the permissible temperature change during start-up and load changes, in particular with sliding pressure operation, in which the vapor pressure and thus also the boiling temperature of the water in the drum changes linearly with the load. speed very limited. This in turn leads to undesirably long start-up times with correspondingly high start-up losses and to a low speed of load change.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of showing a way in which short start-up times can be achieved in such a steam generator and large load change speeds can be controlled.
  • This object is achieved in that at least one centrifugal separator is provided for water-steam separation.
  • the longitudinal axis of the or each centrifugal separator designed for a predetermined operating pressure runs vertically.
  • the use of centrifugal separators in the evaporator system causes an increased pressure drop. This can lead to a comparatively lower water circulation number and thus to a reduction in the flow rate in the heated evaporator tubes.
  • the evaporator tubes advantageously have internal ribbing over at least 80% of their length.
  • an intermediate collector can be connected between the outlet ends of the tubes forming the evaporator heating surface and the or each centrifugal separator as a water-steam separating device.
  • Throttle cable of a steam generator with a number of centrifugal separators is required.
  • the vertical throttle cable of the steam generator is formed by a surrounding wall 2 which merges into a funnel-shaped bottom 4 at the lower end of the gas cable.
  • the peripheral wall 2 is constructed from tubes 6, which are connected to one another on their long sides in a gastight manner, e.g. are welded.
  • the bottom 4 comprises a discharge opening 8 for ashes, not shown.
  • the surrounding wall 2 In the lower part of the surrounding wall 2, e.g. four burners for a fossil fuel are each installed in an opening 10 in the surrounding wall 2. At such an opening 10, pipes of the surrounding wall 2 are curved and run on the outside of the vertical throttle cable. Similar openings can also e.g. be formed for air nozzles or flue gas nozzles.
  • the flow-through, ie water or a water-steam mixture, parallel flow from the bottom upwards tubes 6 of the surrounding wall 2 are connected with their inlet ends to an inlet header 12 and with their outlet ends to an outlet or intermediate header 14.
  • the tubes 6 of the surrounding wall 2 form in the section of the pipe located between the collectors 12 and 14 Throttle cable an evaporator heating surface 16, which is followed by a post-heating surface 18. Further heating surfaces arranged in this area of the surrounding wall 2, for example an economizer and a superheater, are not shown for the sake of clarity.
  • the tubes 6 forming the evaporator heating surface 16 have, in a manner not shown in detail, on their inside a multi-start thread-forming ribs, these internal fins extending over at least 80% of the tube length, preferably over the entire tube length.
  • centrifugal separator 20 connected to a corresponding number of centrifugal separators 22, each with a vertical longitudinal axis.
  • the or each centrifugal separator 22, which is at a higher level than the inlet header 12, is connected via a down pipe 24 to the inlet header 12, which is also ring-shaped.
  • the or each downpipe 24 is also outside the throttle cable.
  • centrifugal separators 22 are several centrifugal separators 22 connected in flow or flow parallel to one another around the
  • the outlet or intermediate collector 14 can also be omitted.
  • the outlet ends of the tubes 6 forming the evaporator heating surface 16 are then connected directly to the centrifugal separator 22 assigned to them. Groups consisting of any number of tubes 6 can each be assigned to a single centrifugal separator 22.
  • the or each centrifugal separator 22 is connected on the outlet side to the reheating surface 18 via a line 26 and a collector 28.
  • the reheating surface 18 is also made up of a number of tubes 6 'which are connected on the output side to a collector 30 common to them.
  • the number of tubes 6 1 of the reheating surface 18 corresponds at least approximately to the number of tubes 6 in the evaporator heating surface 16.
  • feed water which is preheated to near the evaporation temperature is usually fed to the evaporator system via a collector 32 connected to the or each drop tube 24.
  • the feed water flows in the circulation system indicated by the arrows 34, it being largely evaporated in the tubes 6 forming the evaporator heating surface 16.
  • the water-steam mixture enters the or each centrifugal separator 22 tangentially. There, water and steam are separated from one another, the steam being drawn off via the discharge line 26 projecting into the or each centrifugal separator 22. Water carried by the steam is evaporated in the tubes 6 'forming the after-heating surface 18.
  • the steam is then further heated and finally, after passing through a superheater heating surface (not shown), it is fed as live steam or superheated steam to a steam turbine (not shown).
  • a superheater heating surface not shown
  • water separated in natural circulation flows through the or each down pipe 24 into the inlet header 12 and from there again into the pipes 6 forming the evaporator heating surface 16.
  • centrifugal separators 22 By using one or more centrifugal separators 22 to separate water and steam of the water-steam mixture obtained in the evaporator system 16, large temperature gradients within the steam generator can be controlled. When the steam generator is in operation, short start-up times with correspondingly low start-up losses and high load change speeds are possible.

Abstract

A steam generator has a gas flue made of substantially vertical pipes (6) interconnected in a gas-tight manner which form an evaporator heating surface (16), whose inlet ends are connected to an inlet collector (12) and whose outlet ends are connected to a water-steam separator (22) connected to the inlet collector (12) by a downpipe (24) arranged outside the gas flue. In order to separate water from steam, at least one centrifugal separator (22) is provided. High load variation speeds can thus be controlled during operation of the steam generator.

Description

DampferzeugerSteam generator
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Dampferzeuger mit einem Gaszug aus im wesentlichen vertikal angeordneten und gasdicht miteinander verbundenen Rohren, die eine Ver¬ dampferheizfläche bilden und mit ihren Eintrittsenden an einen Eintrittssammler angeschlossen sind, und die mit ihren Austrittsenden mit einer Wasser-Dampf-Trenneinrich¬ tung verbunden sind, wobei die Wasser-Dampf-Trenneinrich- tung über ein außerhalb des Gaszugs angeordnetes Fallrohr mit dem Eintrittssammler verbunden ist.The invention relates to a steam generator with a gas flue of substantially vertically disposed, and gas-tightly interconnected tubes forming a Ver ¬ dampferheizfläche and are connected with their inlet ends to an inlet header, and with their outlet ends with a water-steam Trenneinrich¬ device are connected, the water-steam separating device being connected to the inlet header via a downpipe arranged outside the throttle cable.
Bei einem Dampferzeuger der obengenannten Art erfolgt die Dampferzeugung überwiegend in einem Umlaufsystem, das sich aus einem Zwangdurchlauf durch die Verdampferheizfläche und einem diesem überlagerten Naturumlauf über das Fall¬ rohr zusammensetzt. Die zur Bildung einer gasdichten Rohr¬ wand miteinander verbundenen Rohre münden direkt oder über einen ihnen gemeinsamen Austrittssammler in eine Wasser- Dampf-Trommel, in der Wasser und Dampf voneinander ge¬ trennt werden. Ein derartiger Dampferzeuger mit Naturum¬ lauf, der auch als Trommelkessel bezeichnet wird, ist z.B. aus der Druckschrift "Dampferzeugung", Springer-Verlag, 1985, insbesondere Seite 7, Bild 1.4, bekannt.In the case of a steam generator of the type mentioned above, the steam is generated predominantly in a circulation system which is composed of a forced passage through the evaporator heating surface and a natural circulation superimposed on it via the downpipe. The tubes which are connected to one another to form a gas-tight tube wall lead directly or via an outlet collector common to them into a water-steam drum in which water and steam are separated from one another. Such a steam generator with natural circulation, which is also referred to as a drum boiler, is e.g. known from the publication "steam generation", Springer-Verlag, 1985, in particular page 7, picture 1.4.
Bei einem derartigen Dampferzeuger, insbesondere bei großer Nennleistung, weist die Wasser-Dampf-Trommel aufgrund des in der Trommel herrschenden hohen Dampfdrucks und des großen Innendurchmessers eine große Wanddicke auf. Dadurch ist beim Anfahren und bei Laständerungen, insbesondere bei Gleitdruckbetrieb, bei dem sich linear mit der Last der Dampfdruck und damit auch die Siedetemperatur des Wassers in der Trommel ändert, die zulässige Temperaturänderungs- geschwindigkeit stark begrenzt. Dies wiederum führt zu un¬ erwünscht langen Anfahrzeiten mit entsprechend hohen Anfahr¬ verlusten und zu einer geringen Laständerungsgeschwindig¬ keit.In such a steam generator, in particular with a large nominal output, the water-steam drum has a large wall thickness due to the high steam pressure prevailing in the drum and the large internal diameter. As a result, the permissible temperature change during start-up and load changes, in particular with sliding pressure operation, in which the vapor pressure and thus also the boiling temperature of the water in the drum changes linearly with the load. speed very limited. This in turn leads to undesirably long start-up times with correspondingly high start-up losses and to a low speed of load change.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Weg zu weisen, wie bei einem derartigen Dampferzeuger kurze Anfahrzeiten erreichbar und große Laständerungsgeschwin¬ digkeiten beherrschbar sind.The invention is therefore based on the object of showing a way in which short start-up times can be achieved in such a steam generator and large load change speeds can be controlled.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß zur Wasser-Dampf-Trennung mindestens ein Zentrifugalabscheider vorgesehen ist.This object is achieved in that at least one centrifugal separator is provided for water-steam separation.
In zweckmäßiger Ausgestaltung verläuft die Längsachse des oder jedes für einen vorgegebenen Betriebsdruck ausgelegten Zentrifugalabscheiders vertikal.In an expedient embodiment, the longitudinal axis of the or each centrifugal separator designed for a predetermined operating pressure runs vertically.
Beim Einsatz von einem oder mehreren Zentrifugalabscheidern - anstelle einer Wasser-Dampf-Trommel - zur Trennung von Wasser und Dampf hat sich überraschenderweise herausge¬ stellt, daß im Verdampfersystem des Dampferzeugers bei raschen Temperaturänderungen, wie diese während des An- fahrens oder bei schnellen Laständerungen auftreten, keine oder nur geringe Wärmespannungen auftreten.When using one or more centrifugal separators - instead of a water-steam drum - for separating water and steam, it has surprisingly been found that in the evaporator system of the steam generator with rapid temperature changes, such as those which occur during start-up or with rapid load changes , no or only low thermal stresses occur.
Im Vergleich zur schwerkraftunterstützen Abscheidung in einer Wasser-Dampf-Trommel wird durch den Einsatz von Zentrifugalabscheidern im Verdampfersystem ein erhöhter Druckabfall hervorgerufen. Dies kann zu einer vergleichs¬ weise geringeren Wasserumlaufzahl und damit zu einer Ver¬ ringerung der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit in den beheizten Verdampferrohren führen. Um dabei gute Wärmeübergangs¬ eigenschaften zu erreichen, weisen die Verdampferrohre vorteilhafterweise über mindestens 80 % ihrer Länge eine Innenberippung auf. Zwischen den Austrittsenden der die Verdampferheizfläche bildenden Rohre und dem oder jedem Zentrifugalabscheider als Wasser-Dampf-Trenneinrichtung kann in vorteilhafter Weiterbildung ein Zwischensammler eingeschaltet sein. Dadurch kann eine große Anzahl von Verdampferrohren zu vorzugsweise nur einem in den Zentrifugalabscheider mündenden Eintrittsrohr zusammengeführt werden.Compared to gravity-assisted separation in a water-steam drum, the use of centrifugal separators in the evaporator system causes an increased pressure drop. This can lead to a comparatively lower water circulation number and thus to a reduction in the flow rate in the heated evaporator tubes. In order to achieve good heat transfer properties, the evaporator tubes advantageously have internal ribbing over at least 80% of their length. In an advantageous development, an intermediate collector can be connected between the outlet ends of the tubes forming the evaporator heating surface and the or each centrifugal separator as a water-steam separating device. As a result, a large number of evaporator tubes can be brought together to preferably only one inlet tube opening into the centrifugal separator.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird anhand einer Zeichnung erläutert. Sie zeigt stark vereinfacht einenAn embodiment of the invention is explained with reference to a drawing. It shows you in a very simplified way
Gaszug eines Dampferzeugers mit einer Anzahl von Zentri¬ fugalabscheidern.Throttle cable of a steam generator with a number of centrifugal separators.
Der vertikale Gaszug des Dampferzeugers gemäß der Figur, mit beispielsweise rechteckigem Querschnitt, ist durch eine Umfassungswand 2 gebildet, die am Unterende des Gas¬ zugs in einen trichterförmigen Boden 4 übergeht. Die Um¬ fassungswand 2 ist aus Rohren 6 aufgebaut, die an ihren Längsseiten gasdicht miteinander verbunden, z.B. ver- schweißt, sind. Der Boden 4 umfaßt eine nicht näher dar¬ gestellte Austragsöffnung 8 für Asche.The vertical throttle cable of the steam generator according to the figure, for example with a rectangular cross section, is formed by a surrounding wall 2 which merges into a funnel-shaped bottom 4 at the lower end of the gas cable. The peripheral wall 2 is constructed from tubes 6, which are connected to one another on their long sides in a gastight manner, e.g. are welded. The bottom 4 comprises a discharge opening 8 for ashes, not shown.
Im unteren Teil der Umfassungswand 2 sind, z.B. vier, Bren¬ ner für einen fossilen Brennstoff in jeweils einer Öffnung 10 in der Umfassungswand 2 angebracht. An einer derartigen Öffnung 10 sind Rohre der Umfassungswand 2 gekrümmt und verlaufen auf der Außenseite des vertikalen Gaszugs. Ähn¬ liche Öffnungen können auch z.B. für Luftdüsen oder Rauch¬ gasdüsen gebildet sein.In the lower part of the surrounding wall 2, e.g. four burners for a fossil fuel are each installed in an opening 10 in the surrounding wall 2. At such an opening 10, pipes of the surrounding wall 2 are curved and run on the outside of the vertical throttle cable. Similar openings can also e.g. be formed for air nozzles or flue gas nozzles.
Die durchflußmäßig, d.h. von Wasser oder einem Wasser- Dampf-Gemisch, von unten nach oben parallel durchströmten Rohre 6 der Umfassungswand 2 sind mit ihren Eintrittsenden an einen Eintrittssammler 12 und mit ihren Austrittsenden an einen Austritts- oder Zwischensammler 14 angeschlossen. Die Rohre 6 der Umfassungswand 2 bilden in dem sich zwi¬ schen den Sammlern 12 und 14 befindenden Abschnitt des Gaszugs eine Verdampferheizfläche 16, an die sich eine Nachheizfläche 18 anschließt. Weitere in diesem Bereich der Umfassungswand 2 angeordnete Heizflächen, z.B. ein Economizer und ein Überhitzer, sind übersichtshalber nicht dargestellt. Die die Verdampferheizfläche 16 bildenden Rohre 6 tragen in nicht näher dargestellter Weise auf ihrer Innenseite ein mehrgängiges Gewinde bildende Rippen, wobei sich diese Innenberippung über mindestens 80% der Rohrlänge, vorzugsweise über die gesamte Rohrlänge, erstreckt.The flow-through, ie water or a water-steam mixture, parallel flow from the bottom upwards tubes 6 of the surrounding wall 2 are connected with their inlet ends to an inlet header 12 and with their outlet ends to an outlet or intermediate header 14. The tubes 6 of the surrounding wall 2 form in the section of the pipe located between the collectors 12 and 14 Throttle cable an evaporator heating surface 16, which is followed by a post-heating surface 18. Further heating surfaces arranged in this area of the surrounding wall 2, for example an economizer and a superheater, are not shown for the sake of clarity. The tubes 6 forming the evaporator heating surface 16 have, in a manner not shown in detail, on their inside a multi-start thread-forming ribs, these internal fins extending over at least 80% of the tube length, preferably over the entire tube length.
Der außerhalb der Umfassungswand 2 angeordnete und ring¬ förmig um diese umlaufende Zwischensammler 14, an den die Rohre 6 der Verdampferheizfläche 16 angeschlossen sind, ist über eine Anzahl von Eintrittsrohren oder LeitungenThe intermediate collector 14, which is arranged outside the surrounding wall 2 and is ring-shaped around it, to which the tubes 6 of the evaporator heating surface 16 are connected, is via a number of inlet tubes or lines
20 mit einer entsprechenden Anzahl von Zentrifugalabschei¬ dern 22 mit jeweils vertikal verlaufender Längsachse ver¬ bunden. Der oder jeder gegenüber dem Eintrittssammler 12 auf einem höheren Niveau liegende Zentrifugalabscheider 22 ist über ein Fallrohr 24 mit dem ebenfalls ringförmig ausgebildeten Eintrittssammler 12 verbunden. Auch das oder jedes Fallrohr 24 befindet sich außerhalb des Gaszugs.20 connected to a corresponding number of centrifugal separators 22, each with a vertical longitudinal axis. The or each centrifugal separator 22, which is at a higher level than the inlet header 12, is connected via a down pipe 24 to the inlet header 12, which is also ring-shaped. The or each downpipe 24 is also outside the throttle cable.
Werden mehrere durchfluß- oder strömungsmäßig zueinander parallel geschaltete Zentrifugalabscheider 22 um denAre several centrifugal separators 22 connected in flow or flow parallel to one another around the
Umfang des Gaszugs verteilt angeordnet, so kann der Aus¬ tritts- oder Zwischensammler 14 auch entfallen. Die Aus¬ trittsenden der die Verdampferheizfläche 16 bildenden Rohre 6 sind dann direkt mit dem ihnen zugeordneten Zen- trifugalabscheider 22 verbunden. Dabei können Gruppen bestehend aus einer beliebigen Anzahl von Rohren 6 jeweils einem einzelnen Zentrifugalabscheider 22 zugeordnet sein.Arranged circumferentially of the throttle cable, the outlet or intermediate collector 14 can also be omitted. The outlet ends of the tubes 6 forming the evaporator heating surface 16 are then connected directly to the centrifugal separator 22 assigned to them. Groups consisting of any number of tubes 6 can each be assigned to a single centrifugal separator 22.
Der oder jeder Zentrifugalabscheider 22 ist ausgangsseitig über eine Leitung 26 und einen Sammler 28 mit der Nachheiz¬ fläche 18 verbunden. Die Nachheizfläche 18 ist ebenfalls aus einer Anzahl von Rohren 6' aufgebaut, die ausgangs- seitig an einen ihnen gemeinsamen Sammler 30 angeschlossen sind. Die Anzahl der Rohre 61 der Nachheizfläche 18 ent¬ spricht mindestens in etwa der Anzahl der Rohre 6 in der Verdampferheizfläche 16.The or each centrifugal separator 22 is connected on the outlet side to the reheating surface 18 via a line 26 and a collector 28. The reheating surface 18 is also made up of a number of tubes 6 'which are connected on the output side to a collector 30 common to them. The number of tubes 6 1 of the reheating surface 18 corresponds at least approximately to the number of tubes 6 in the evaporator heating surface 16.
Beim Betrieb des Dampferzeugers wird dem Verdampfersystem üblicherweise bis nahe an die Verdampfungstemperatur vorge¬ wärmtes Speisewasser über einen mit dem oder jedem Fall- röhr 24 verbundenen Sammler 32 zugeführt. Das Speisewasser strömt in dem durch die Pfeile 34 angedeuteten Umlauf¬ system, wobei es in den die Verdampferheizfläche 16 bilden¬ den Rohren 6 zum großen Teil verdampft wird. Das Wasser- Dampf-Gemisch tritt in den oder jeden Zentrifugalabscheider 22 tangential ein. Dort werden Wasser und Dampf voneinander getrennt, wobei der Dampf über die in den oder jeden Zen¬ trifugalabscheider 22 hineinragende Abzugsleitung 26 ab¬ zieht. Vom Dampf mitgeführtes Wasser wird in den die Nach¬ heizfläche 18 bildenden Rohren 6' verdampft. Anschließend wird der Dampf weiter erhitzt und schließlich nach Durch¬ laufen einer (nicht dargestellten) Überhitzerheizfläche als Frischdampf oder überhitzter Dampf einer (nicht dar¬ gestellten) Dampfturbine zugeführt. Im Zentrifugalabschei¬ der 22 abgetrenntes Wasser strömt im Naturumlauf über das oder jedes Fallrohr 24 in den Eintrittssammler 12 und von dort erneut in die die Verdampferheizfläche 16 bildenden Rohre 6.When the steam generator is in operation, feed water which is preheated to near the evaporation temperature is usually fed to the evaporator system via a collector 32 connected to the or each drop tube 24. The feed water flows in the circulation system indicated by the arrows 34, it being largely evaporated in the tubes 6 forming the evaporator heating surface 16. The water-steam mixture enters the or each centrifugal separator 22 tangentially. There, water and steam are separated from one another, the steam being drawn off via the discharge line 26 projecting into the or each centrifugal separator 22. Water carried by the steam is evaporated in the tubes 6 'forming the after-heating surface 18. The steam is then further heated and finally, after passing through a superheater heating surface (not shown), it is fed as live steam or superheated steam to a steam turbine (not shown). In the centrifugal separator 22, water separated in natural circulation flows through the or each down pipe 24 into the inlet header 12 and from there again into the pipes 6 forming the evaporator heating surface 16.
Durch die Verwendung eines oder mehrerer Zentrifugalab- scheider 22 zur Trennung von Wasser und Dampf des im Ver¬ dampfersystem 16 anfallenden Wasser-Dampf-Gemisches sind große Temperaturgradienten innerhalb des Dampferzeugers beherrschbar. Beim Betrieb des Dampferzeugers sind daher kurze Anfahrzeiten mit entsprechend niedrigen Anfahrver- lusten und hohe Laständerungsgeschwindigkeiten möglich. By using one or more centrifugal separators 22 to separate water and steam of the water-steam mixture obtained in the evaporator system 16, large temperature gradients within the steam generator can be controlled. When the steam generator is in operation, short start-up times with correspondingly low start-up losses and high load change speeds are possible.

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims
1. Dampferzeuger mit einem Gaszug aus im wesentlichen vertikal angeordneten und gasdicht miteinander verbundenen Rohren (6), die eine Verdampferheizfläche (16) bilden und mit ihren Eintrittsenden an einen Eintrittssammler (12) angeschlossen sind und die mit ihren Austrittsenden mit einer Wasser-Dampf-Trenneinrichtung (22) verbunden sind, wobei die Wasser-Dampf-Trenneinrichtung (22) über ein außerhalb des Gaszugs angeordnetes Fallrohr (24) mit dem Eintrittssammler (12) verbunden ist, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß zur Wasser-Dampf-Trennung mindestens ein Zentrifugalabscheider (22) vorgesehen ist.1. Steam generator with a gas train consisting of essentially vertically arranged and gas-tightly connected pipes (6), which form an evaporator heating surface (16) and are connected with their inlet ends to an inlet manifold (12) and with their outlet ends with a water-steam Separating device (22) are connected, the water-steam separating device (22) being connected to the inlet header (12) via a downpipe (24) arranged outside the throttle cable, characterized in that at least one centrifugal separator (22 ) is provided.
2. Dampferzeuger nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Längsachse des oder jedes Zentrifugalabscheiders (22) vertikal verläuft.2. A steam generator as claimed in claim 1, that the longitudinal axis of the or each centrifugal separator (22) runs vertically.
3. Dampferzeuger nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß zwischen den Austrittsenden der die Verdampferheizfläche (16) bildenden Rohre (6) und dem Zentrifugalabscheider (22) ein Zwischensammler (14) eingeschaltet ist. 3. Steam generator according to claim 1 or 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that between the outlet ends of the evaporator heating surface (16) forming tubes (6) and the centrifugal separator (22) an intermediate collector (14) is switched on.
PCT/DE1993/000771 1992-09-04 1993-08-23 Steam generator WO1994005950A1 (en)

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DE19924229629 DE4229629A1 (en) 1992-09-04 1992-09-04 Steam generator
DEP4229629.3 1992-09-04

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DE19651966A1 (en) * 1996-12-13 1998-06-18 Asea Brown Boveri Cleaning the water-steam circuit in a once-through steam generator

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GB501275A (en) * 1936-09-29 1939-02-20 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Improvements in or relating to forced flow water tube steam generators
GB677046A (en) * 1949-10-29 1952-08-06 Kohlenscheidungs Gmbh Improvements in steam boilers
US2836157A (en) * 1954-08-03 1958-05-27 Babcock & Wilcox Co Forced flow vapor generator with multiple vapor and liquid separators
BE682498A (en) * 1965-06-15 1966-12-14
DE1264450B (en) * 1961-01-02 1968-03-28 Franz Stipernitz Dr Ing Drum-less natural circulation steam generator
DE4140788A1 (en) * 1991-12-11 1993-06-17 Evt Energie & Verfahrenstech Sepn. of water-steam mixt. from rise pipes of circulating steam producer - involves hollow cylinder provided at one end with water outlet connection and at other end with closure.

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1904473A (en) * 1928-08-23 1933-04-18 Fuller Lehigh Co Steam boiler
GB501275A (en) * 1936-09-29 1939-02-20 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Improvements in or relating to forced flow water tube steam generators
GB677046A (en) * 1949-10-29 1952-08-06 Kohlenscheidungs Gmbh Improvements in steam boilers
US2836157A (en) * 1954-08-03 1958-05-27 Babcock & Wilcox Co Forced flow vapor generator with multiple vapor and liquid separators
DE1264450B (en) * 1961-01-02 1968-03-28 Franz Stipernitz Dr Ing Drum-less natural circulation steam generator
BE682498A (en) * 1965-06-15 1966-12-14
DE4140788A1 (en) * 1991-12-11 1993-06-17 Evt Energie & Verfahrenstech Sepn. of water-steam mixt. from rise pipes of circulating steam producer - involves hollow cylinder provided at one end with water outlet connection and at other end with closure.

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CN1084948A (en) 1994-04-06
DE4229629A1 (en) 1994-03-10

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