EP0349834A1 - Once-through steam generator - Google Patents

Once-through steam generator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0349834A1
EP0349834A1 EP89111309A EP89111309A EP0349834A1 EP 0349834 A1 EP0349834 A1 EP 0349834A1 EP 89111309 A EP89111309 A EP 89111309A EP 89111309 A EP89111309 A EP 89111309A EP 0349834 A1 EP0349834 A1 EP 0349834A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
throttle cable
steam generator
height
gas
cable
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Granted
Application number
EP89111309A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0349834B1 (en
Inventor
Eberhard Dipl.-Ing. Wittchow
Wolfgang Dr. Köhler
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B29/06—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes
    • F22B29/061—Construction of tube walls
    • F22B29/065—Construction of tube walls involving upper vertically disposed water tubes and lower horizontally- or helically disposed water tubes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S122/00—Liquid heaters and vaporizers
    • Y10S122/04—Once through boilers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a once-through steam generator according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • the transition from the pipes of the pipe walls of the lower part of the throttle cable into the pipes of the pipe walls of the upper part can either be done directly, for example by connecting three pipes of the upper part to a pipe of the lower part, or indirectly via a collector, to which both the pipes of the lower and the pipes of the upper part are connected.
  • the tubes of the lower part of the gas flue which are strongly heated by the burners of the once-through steam generator, can have very considerable temperature differences at their outlet points to the tubes of the upper part or to the collector due to inevitable heating differences. Since the pipes of the pipe walls are welded together gas-tight on their long sides, these temperature differences lead to considerable thermal stresses in the pipe walls of the gas train, which can lead to pipe breaks.
  • the invention has for its object to remedy this situation and to avoid such pipe tears due to excessive thermal stresses.
  • the diagonally rising pipes of the pipe walls of the lower part of the throttle cable can only absorb small weights. Therefore, vertical support strips made of iron are to be provided for such pipe walls on the outside, to which the individual pipes of the pipe walls of the lower part of the throttle cable are welded.
  • the length and the cross-section of these support bands as well as the number of welding points can be limited. This also limits the manufacturing and assembly costs and thus costs for the once-through steam generator.
  • Claims 2 to 5 are directed to advantageous developments of the subject matter of claim 1, through which thermal stresses and thus pipe tears in the pipe walls of the throttle cable can be avoided even better.
  • the subject of claim 6 causes a low wall temperature of the tubes of the tube walls of the upper part of the gas train of the once-through steam generator. Therefore, these tube walls are also adapted to the high heat radiation to which they are exposed due to the limited height of the lower part of the throttle cable.
  • the continuous steam generators according to FIGS. 1 to 3 have two vertical throttle cables 2 and 3, which are connected to one another at the top by a horizontal gas cable 4.
  • the continuous steam generator according to FIG. 4 has only a single vertical throttle cable 2.
  • the vertical throttle cables 2 have a funnel-shaped base 5 at the bottom, as is customary for coal-fired steam generators.
  • the bottom 5 can, however, also be designed in the same way as is customary for gas or oil-fired steam generators.
  • the vertical gas flues 3 according to FIGS. 1 to 3 have a flue gas outlet opening 6 on the bottom. This flue gas outlet opening 6 is located at the top of the single vertical gas flue 2 in the continuous steam generator according to FIG. 4.
  • the vertical throttle cable 2 has a lower part 7, the lower end of which is delimited by the base 5 and which has a height H in the vertical direction.
  • such heating surfaces 9 are not only arranged within the vertical gas train 3 but also within the horizontal gas train 4.
  • 3 has such heating surfaces 9 not only in the vertical throttle cable 3 and in the horizontal gas cable 4, but also in the vertical gas cable 2, while the continuous steam generator according to FIG. 4 has such heating surfaces 9 only in the vertical gas cable 2.
  • the vertical throttle cable 2 also has an upper part 10, which in the continuous steam generator according to FIG. 1 at its upper end through the upper transverse wall 11 of the accelerator cable 2, in the continuous steam generator according to FIG. 2 through a cross-sectional constriction 12 which protrudes into the throttle cable 2 by a nose 13 a side wall of the throttle cable 2 is formed, and in the passage steam generators according to Figures 3 and 4 is limited by a lower edge 14 of the heating surfaces 9.
  • the vertical throttle cable 2 is formed by gas-tight tube walls, the tubes 15 of which are arranged at an incline. However, these tubes 15 can also be arranged alternately at an incline and horizontally.
  • the vertical throttle cable 2 is formed by gas-tight tube walls, the tubes 16 of which are arranged vertically. For example, three vertical pipes 16 of the pipe walls of the upper part 10 of the gas train 2 are connected to an obliquely rising pipe 15 of the pipe walls of the lower part 7 of the throttle cable 2.
  • the lower part 7 and the upper part 10 of the throttle cable 2 have a total height L.
  • the height H of this lower part 7 is advantageously 70% of the total height L of the parts 7 and 10 of this gas cable 2.
  • the height H can also advantageously be 65, 60, 55 or even be only 50% of the total height L. The smaller this percentage, the lower the thermal stresses in the tube walls of the lower part 7 of the throttle cable 2.
  • the percentage of the height H of the lower part 7 of the gas cable 2 is downwardly limited primarily by the burner arrangement, since in the area of the burner Tubes 15 are heated very strongly and the oblique arrangement of the tubes 15 allow particularly good cooling.
  • the tubes 16 of the tube walls of the upper part 10 of the throttle cable 2 advantageously have helical inner ribs 17. From the tubes 15 of the tube walls of the lower part 7 of the gas cable 2 into the tubes 16 according to FIGS. 5 and 6 flowing wet steam is subjected to a centrifugal force in these tubes 16, so that its water content predominantly collects on the inside of the tubes 16. This proportion of water increases the cooling of the tubes 16 there, so that these tubes 16 can easily absorb the high heat radiation from the interior of the throttle cable 2, which they are subject to because of the low height H of the lower part 7 of this gas cable 2.
  • a feed water preheater heating surface 22 is connected to a feed water pump 21.
  • An evaporator surface 23 is connected in series with the feed water preheater heating surface 22 and is connected laterally with its steam outlet line to a mostly vertically arranged water separator bottle 24.
  • a steam outlet line leads from the upper end of this water separating bottle 24 to the superheater heating surfaces 25.
  • the water separating bottle 24 is provided with a water discharge line 26 which leads to a feed water or a relaxation tank or is provided with a circulation pump which is located between the feed water preheater heating surface 22 and the evaporator surface 23 or between the feed water pump 21 and the feed water preheater heating surface.
  • the tube walls of both parts 7 and 10 of the throttle cable 2 belong to the evaporator surface 23 in FIG. 7, while the heating surfaces 9, the feed water preheater heating surface 22 and the superheater heating surfaces 25 in FIG. 7 are.
  • the evaporation area is not fixed locally, so that either overheating already occurs in the evaporator surfaces 23 of the tube walls of the gas flue 2, or evaporation still takes place in the superheater heating surfaces 25.
  • the water discharge line 26 in FIG. 7 is only flowed through by water during the start-up of the once-through steam generator and during operation with partial load.
  • the water discharge line 26 is therefore not connected to a horizontally arranged steam drum, water does not flow through it during the entire operation, and it does not open directly into the evaporator surface without the interposition of containers or pumps.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

Ein Durchlaufdampferzeuger hat einen vertikalen Gaszug (2) mit gasdichten Rohrwänden, deren Rohre (15) in einem unteren Teil (7) des Gaszuges (2) schräg ansteigend und deren Rohre (16) in einem oberen, am Oberende durch eine Querwand (11) des Gaszuges (2), durch eine von den Rohrwänden gebildete Querschnittsverengung (12) oder durch eine Unterkante (14) von innerhalb des Gaszuges (2) befindlichen Heizflächen (9) begrenzten Teil (10) vertikal angeordnet sind; zum Vermeiden von Rohrreißern ist die Höhe (H) des unteren Teils (7) kleiner als 70 % der Gesamthöhe (L) von unterem (7) und oberem Teil (10).A continuous steam generator has a vertical gas train (2) with gas-tight pipe walls, the pipes (15) of which rise obliquely in a lower part (7) of the gas train (2) and whose pipes (16) in an upper section at the upper end through a transverse wall (11) the throttle cable (2), are arranged vertically by a cross-sectional constriction (12) formed by the tube walls or by a lower edge (14) of heating elements (9) located within the gas cable (2); To avoid pipe rips, the height (H) of the lower part (7) is less than 70% of the total height (L) of the lower (7) and upper part (10).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Durchlaufdampferzeuger nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a once-through steam generator according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Ein derartiger Durchlaufdampferzeuger ist bereits üblich. Der Übergang von den Rohren der Rohrwände des unteren Teiles des Gaszuges in die Rohre der Rohrwände des oberen Teiles kann entweder direkt erfolgen, indem beispielsweise drei Rohre des oberen Teiles an einem Rohr des unteren Teiles angeschlossen sind, oder indirekt über einen Sammler, an dem sowohl die Rohre des unteren als auch die Rohre des oberen Teiles angeschlossen sind.Such a continuous steam generator is already common. The transition from the pipes of the pipe walls of the lower part of the throttle cable into the pipes of the pipe walls of the upper part can either be done directly, for example by connecting three pipes of the upper part to a pipe of the lower part, or indirectly via a collector, to which both the pipes of the lower and the pipes of the upper part are connected.

Bei Betrieb eines solchen Durchlaufdampferzeugers können insbesondere die durch die Brenner des Durchlaufdampferzeugers stark beheizten Rohre des unteren Teiles des Gaszuges an ihren Austrittsstellen zu den Rohren des oberen Teiles bzw. zu dem Sammler aufgrund unvermeidlicher Beheizungsunterschiede ganz erhebliche Temperaturunterschiede aufweisen. Da die Rohre der Rohrwände an ihren Längsseiten miteinander gasdicht verschweißt sind, führen diese Temperaturunterschiede zu erheblichen Wärme­spannungen in den Rohrwänden des Gaszuges, die zu Rohrreißern führen können.When such a once-through steam generator is in operation, the tubes of the lower part of the gas flue, which are strongly heated by the burners of the once-through steam generator, can have very considerable temperature differences at their outlet points to the tubes of the upper part or to the collector due to inevitable heating differences. Since the pipes of the pipe walls are welded together gas-tight on their long sides, these temperature differences lead to considerable thermal stresses in the pipe walls of the gas train, which can lead to pipe breaks.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, hier Abhilfe zu schaffen und solche Rohrreißer aufgrund von zu großen Wärme­spannungen zu vermeiden.The invention has for its object to remedy this situation and to avoid such pipe tears due to excessive thermal stresses.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe hat ein Durchlaufdampferzeuger der eingangs erwähnten Art erfindungsgemäß die Merkmale des kenn­zeichnenden Teiles des Patentanspruches 1.To achieve this object, a once-through steam generator of the type mentioned at the outset has the features of the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Durch die Begrenzung der Höhe des unteren Teiles des Gaszuges dieses Durchlaufdampferzeugers wird auch die Wärmeaufnahme der Rohrwände in diesem unteren Teil begrenzt. Deshalb führen die Rohre des unteren Teiles des Gaszuges an den Austrittsstellen zu den Rohren des oberen Teiles bzw. zu dem zwischengeschalte­ten Sammler überwiegend Naßdampf. Eine Mehrbeheizung einzelner Rohre des unteren Teiles des Gaszuges führt deshalb nur zu einer verstärkten Dampfbildung in diesen Rohren, nicht aber zur Bildung von Heißdampf mit hohen Temperaturen, so daß allenfalls nur geringe Wärmespannungen in den Rohrwänden des unteren Teiles des Gaszuges auftreten können.By limiting the height of the lower part of the gas flue of this once-through steam generator, the heat absorption of the tube walls in this lower part is also limited. Therefore, the pipes of the lower part of the throttle cable lead mostly wet steam at the exit points to the pipes of the upper part or to the intermediate collector. An overheating of individual pipes of the lower part of the throttle cable therefore only leads to increased vapor formation in these pipes, but not to the formation of superheated steam at high temperatures, so that at most only low thermal stresses can occur in the pipe walls of the lower part of the gas cable.

Da die Anzahl strömungsseitig parallelgeschalteter Rohre in den Rohrwänden des oberen Teiles des Gaszuges in der Regel größer ist als in den Rohrwänden des unteren Teiles, ist die Massen­stromdichte, die ein Maß für die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Dampfes ist, in den Rohrwänden des oberen Teiles und damit auch der Reibungsdruckverlust in diesen Rohrwänden kleiner als in den Rohrwänden des unteren Teiles des Gaszuges. Wegen der Begrenzung der Höhe des unteren Teiles des Gaszuges ist deshalb auch der Reibungsdruckverlust in den zu den Rohrwänden des unteren Teiles des Gaszuges gehörenden Rohren begrenzt. Das bedeutet, daß der Reibungsdruckverlust in den Rohren der Rohr­wände des Gaszuges insgesamt niedrig ist. Deshalb ist für diesen Durchlaufdampferzeuger nur eine geringe Leistung zugeord­neter Speisewasserpumpen erforderlich, wodurch sich ein guter Wirkungsgrad für ein Kraftwerk ergibt, in dem der Durchlauf­dampferzeuger eingesetzt ist.Since the number of pipes connected in parallel on the flow side in the pipe walls of the upper part of the throttle cable is generally greater than in the pipe walls of the lower part, the mass flow density, which is a measure of the flow velocity of the steam, is in the pipe walls of the upper part and thus also the friction pressure loss in these pipe walls is smaller than in the pipe walls of the lower part of the throttle cable. Because of the limitation of the height of the lower part of the throttle cable, the loss of frictional pressure in the pipes belonging to the tube walls of the lower part of the gas cable is therefore also limited. This means that the frictional pressure loss in the tubes of the tube walls of the throttle cable is low overall. For this continuous steam generator, therefore, only a low output of feed water pumps is required, which results in good efficiency for a power plant in which the continuous steam generator is used.

Sind die Rohre des unteren Teiles des Gaszuges unmittelbar an den Rohren des oberen Teiles angeschlossen, wird wegen der Be­grenzung der Höhe des unteren Teiles des Gaszuges auch eine Vergleichmäßigung des Massenstromes durch die Rohre der Rohr­wände des Gaszuges erzielt.If the pipes of the lower part of the throttle cable are directly connected to the pipes of the upper part, the mass flow through the pipes of the pipe walls of the throttle cable is evened out due to the limitation of the height of the lower part of the gas cable.

Die schräg ansteigend angeordneten Rohre der Rohrwände des unteren Teiles des Gaszuges können nur kleine Gewichtskräfte aufnehmen. Deshalb sind für solche Rohrwände auf der Außenseite in der Regel vertikale Tragbänder aus Eisen vorzusehen, an denen die einzelnen Rohre der Rohrwände des unteren Teiles des Gaszuges festgeschweißt sind. Infolge der begrenzten Höhe des unteren Teiles des Gaszuges des Durchlaufdampferzeugers können die Länge und der Querschnitt dieser Tragbänder sowie auch die Anzahl der Schweißstellen begrenzt werden. Dies begrenzt auch den Herstellungs-und Montageaufwand und damit Kosten für den Durchlaufdampferzeuger.The diagonally rising pipes of the pipe walls of the lower part of the throttle cable can only absorb small weights. Therefore, vertical support strips made of iron are to be provided for such pipe walls on the outside, to which the individual pipes of the pipe walls of the lower part of the throttle cable are welded. As a result of the limited height of the lower part of the throttle cable of the once-through steam generator, the length and the cross-section of these support bands as well as the number of welding points can be limited. This also limits the manufacturing and assembly costs and thus costs for the once-through steam generator.

Die Patentansprüche 2 bis 5 sind auf vorteilhafte Weiterbil­dungen des Gegenstandes des Patentanspruchs 1 gerichtet, durch die Wärmespannungen und damit Rohrreißer in den Rohrwänden des Gaszuges noch besser vermieden werden.Claims 2 to 5 are directed to advantageous developments of the subject matter of claim 1, through which thermal stresses and thus pipe tears in the pipe walls of the throttle cable can be avoided even better.

Der Gegenstand des Patentanspruchs 6 bewirkt eine niedrige Wandtemperatur der Rohre der Rohrwände des oberen Teiles des Gaszuges des Durchlaufdampferzeugers. Deshalb sind diese Rohr­wände auch der hohen Wärmeeinstrahlung angepaßt, der sie auf­grund der begrenzten Höhe des unteren Teiles des Gaszuges ausgesetzt sind.The subject of claim 6 causes a low wall temperature of the tubes of the tube walls of the upper part of the gas train of the once-through steam generator. Therefore, these tube walls are also adapted to the high heat radiation to which they are exposed due to the limited height of the lower part of the throttle cable.

Die Erfindung und ihre Vorteile seien anhand der Zeichnung an Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert:

  • FIG 1 bis 4 zeigen stark schematisiert Längsschnitte erfindungs­gemäßer Durchlaufdampferzeuger,
  • FIG 5 zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch ein Rohr der Rohrwände der Durchlaufdampferzeuger nach den Figuren 1 bis 4
  • FIG 6 den Querschnitt des Rohres nach FIG 5,
  • FIG 7 zeigt stark schematisiert das Wasser-Dampf-Schaltschema der Durchlaufdampferzeuger nach den Figuren 1 bis 4.
The invention and its advantages are explained in more detail with reference to the drawing using exemplary embodiments:
  • 1 to 4 show highly schematic longitudinal sections of once-through steam generators according to the invention,
  • 5 shows a longitudinal section through a tube of the tube walls of the once-through steam generator according to FIGS. 1 to 4
  • 6 shows the cross section of the tube according to FIG. 5,
  • FIG. 7 shows the water-steam circuit diagram of the once-through steam generator according to FIGS. 1 to 4 in a highly schematic manner.

Die Durchlaufdampferzeuger nach den Figuren 1 bis 3 haben zwei vertikale Gaszüge 2 und 3, die oben durch einen horizontalen Gaszug 4 miteinander verbunden sind. Der Durchlaufdampferzeuger nach FIG 4 hat nur einen einzigen vertikalen Gaszug 2.The continuous steam generators according to FIGS. 1 to 3 have two vertical throttle cables 2 and 3, which are connected to one another at the top by a horizontal gas cable 4. The continuous steam generator according to FIG. 4 has only a single vertical throttle cable 2.

Die vertikalen Gaszüge 2 weisen unten einen trichterförmigen Boden 5 auf, wie er für kohlebefeuerte Dampferzeuger üblich ist. Der Boden 5 kann jedoch auch eben ausgeführt sein, wie er für gas- oder ölbefeuerte Dampferzeuger üblich ist. Die verti­kalen Gaszüge 3 nach den Figuren 1 bis 3 haben am Boden eine Rauchgasaustrittsöffnung 6. Diese Rauchgasaustrittsöffnung 6 befindet sich beim Durchlaufdampferzeuger nach FIG 4 oben am einzigen vertikalen Gaszug 2.The vertical throttle cables 2 have a funnel-shaped base 5 at the bottom, as is customary for coal-fired steam generators. The bottom 5 can, however, also be designed in the same way as is customary for gas or oil-fired steam generators. The vertical gas flues 3 according to FIGS. 1 to 3 have a flue gas outlet opening 6 on the bottom. This flue gas outlet opening 6 is located at the top of the single vertical gas flue 2 in the continuous steam generator according to FIG. 4.

Der vertikale Gaszug 2 weist ein unteres Teil 7 auf, dessen Unterende durch den Boden 5 begrenzt ist und das eine Höhe H in vertikaler Richtung hat.The vertical throttle cable 2 has a lower part 7, the lower end of which is delimited by the base 5 and which has a height H in the vertical direction.

Am unteren Teil 7 sind Brenner 8 für fossilen Brennstoff, z.B. Kohle, angebracht. Ferner befinden sich innerhalb des vertika­len Gaszuges 3 des Durchlaufdampferzeugers nach FIG 1 Heiz­flächen 9. Beim Durchlaufdampferzeuger nach FiG 2 sind solche Heizflächen 9 nicht nur innerhalb des vertikalen Gaszuges 3, sondern auch innerhalb des horizontalen Gaszuges 4 angeordnet. Der Durchlaufdampferzeuger nach FIG 3 hat solche Heizflächen 9 nicht nur im vertikalen Gaszug 3 und im horizontalen Gaszug 4, sondern auch im vertikalen Gaszug 2, während der Durchlauf­dampferzeuger nach FIG 4 solche Heizflächen 9 nur oben im vertikalen Gaszug 2 aufweist.At the lower part 7 there are burners 8 for fossil fuel, e.g. Coal, attached. Furthermore, there are heating surfaces 9 within the vertical gas train 3 of the continuous steam generator according to FIG. 1. In the continuous steam generator according to FiG 2, such heating surfaces 9 are not only arranged within the vertical gas train 3 but also within the horizontal gas train 4. 3 has such heating surfaces 9 not only in the vertical throttle cable 3 and in the horizontal gas cable 4, but also in the vertical gas cable 2, while the continuous steam generator according to FIG. 4 has such heating surfaces 9 only in the vertical gas cable 2.

Der vertikale Gaszug 2 hat ferner einen oberen Teil 10, der beim Durchlaufdampferzeuger nach FIG 1 an seinem Oberende durch die obere Querwand 11 des Gaszuges 2, beim Durchlauf­dampferzeuger nach FIG 2 durch eine Querschnittsverengung 12, die durch eine in den Gaszug 2 hineinragende Nase 13 an einer Seitenwand des Gaszuges 2 gebildet ist, und bei den Durchlauf­ dampferzeugern nach den Figuren 3 und 4 durch eine Unterkante 14 der Heizflächen 9 begrenzt ist.The vertical throttle cable 2 also has an upper part 10, which in the continuous steam generator according to FIG. 1 at its upper end through the upper transverse wall 11 of the accelerator cable 2, in the continuous steam generator according to FIG. 2 through a cross-sectional constriction 12 which protrudes into the throttle cable 2 by a nose 13 a side wall of the throttle cable 2 is formed, and in the passage steam generators according to Figures 3 and 4 is limited by a lower edge 14 of the heating surfaces 9.

Im unteren Teil 7 mit der Höhe H ist der vertikale Gaszug 2 durch gasdichte Rohrwände gebildet, deren Rohre 15 schräg an­steigend angeordnet sind. Diese Rohre 15 können jedoch auch abwechselnd schräg ansteigend und waagerecht angeordnet sein. Im oberen Teil 10 ist der vertikale Gaszug 2 hingegen durch gasdichte Rohrwände gebildet, deren Rohre 16 vertikal angeord­net sind. An einem schräg ansteigenden Rohr 15 der Rohrwände des unteren Teiles 7 des Gaszuges 2 sind beispielsweise drei vertikale Rohre 16 der Rohrwände des oberen Teiles 10 des Gas­zuges 2 angeschlossen. Der untere Teil 7 und der oberer Teil 10 des Gaszuges 2 haben eine Gesamthöhe L.In the lower part 7 with the height H, the vertical throttle cable 2 is formed by gas-tight tube walls, the tubes 15 of which are arranged at an incline. However, these tubes 15 can also be arranged alternately at an incline and horizontally. In the upper part 10, however, the vertical throttle cable 2 is formed by gas-tight tube walls, the tubes 16 of which are arranged vertically. For example, three vertical pipes 16 of the pipe walls of the upper part 10 of the gas train 2 are connected to an obliquely rising pipe 15 of the pipe walls of the lower part 7 of the throttle cable 2. The lower part 7 and the upper part 10 of the throttle cable 2 have a total height L.

Zum Vermeiden von Wärmespannungen insbesondere in den Rohr­wänden des unteren Teiles 7 des Gaszuges 2 beträgt die Höhe H dieses unteren Teiles 7 vorteilhafterweise 70 % der Gesamthöhe L der Teile 7 und 10 dieses Gaszuges 2. Die Höhe H kann auch günstigerweise 65, 60, 55 oder sogar nur 50 % der Gesamthöhe L betragen. Je kleiner dieser Prozentsatz ist, desto geringer sind die Wärmespannungen in den Rohrwänden des unteren Teiles 7 des Gaszuges 2. Der Prozentsatz der Höhe H des unteren Teils 7 des Gaszuges 2 ist nach unten vor allem durch die Brenneran­ordnung begrenzt, da im Bereich der Brenner die Rohre 15 sehr stark beheizt werden und die schräge Anordnung der Rohre 15 eine besonders gute Kühlung ermöglichen.To avoid thermal stresses in particular in the tube walls of the lower part 7 of the throttle cable 2, the height H of this lower part 7 is advantageously 70% of the total height L of the parts 7 and 10 of this gas cable 2. The height H can also advantageously be 65, 60, 55 or even be only 50% of the total height L. The smaller this percentage, the lower the thermal stresses in the tube walls of the lower part 7 of the throttle cable 2. The percentage of the height H of the lower part 7 of the gas cable 2 is downwardly limited primarily by the burner arrangement, since in the area of the burner Tubes 15 are heated very strongly and the oblique arrangement of the tubes 15 allow particularly good cooling.

Wie die Figuren 5 und 6 verdeutlichen, haben die Rohre 16 der Rohrwände des oberen Teiles 10 des Gaszuges 2 vorteilhafter­weise wendelartig geführte Innenrippen 17. Aus den Rohren 15 der Rohrwände des unteren Teils 7 des Gaszuges 2 in die Rohre 16 entsprechend Fig. 5 und 6 strömender Naßdampf unterliegt in diesen Rohren 16 einer Zentrifugalkraft, so daß sein Wasser­anteil sich überwiegend an der Innenseite der Rohre 16 ansammelt. Dieser Wasseranteil verstärkt dort die Kühlung der Rohre 16, so daß diese Rohre 16 ohne weiteres die hohe Wärmeeinstrahlung aus dem Innenraum des Gaszuges 2 aufnehmen können, der sie wegen der niedrigen Höhe H des unteren Teiles 7 dieses Gaszuges 2 unterliegen.As FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate, the tubes 16 of the tube walls of the upper part 10 of the throttle cable 2 advantageously have helical inner ribs 17. From the tubes 15 of the tube walls of the lower part 7 of the gas cable 2 into the tubes 16 according to FIGS. 5 and 6 flowing wet steam is subjected to a centrifugal force in these tubes 16, so that its water content predominantly collects on the inside of the tubes 16. This proportion of water increases the cooling of the tubes 16 there, so that these tubes 16 can easily absorb the high heat radiation from the interior of the throttle cable 2, which they are subject to because of the low height H of the lower part 7 of this gas cable 2.

Im Wasser-Dampfschaltschema des Durchlaufdampferzeugers nach FIG 7 ist eine Speisewasservorwärmer-Heizfläche 22 an einer Speisewasserpumpe 21 angeschlossen. Zu der Speisewasservorwärmer-­Heizfläche 22 ist eine Verdampferfläche 23 in Serie geschaltet, die mit ihrer Dampfaustrittsleitung seitlich an einer meist senkrecht angeordneten Wasserabscheideflasche 24 angeschlossen ist. Vom oberen Ende dieser Wasserabscheideflasche 24 führt eine Dampfaustrittsleitung zu den Überhitzerheizflächen 25. Am unteren Ende ist die Wasserabscheideflasche 24 mit einer Wasser­abführleitung 26 versehen, die zu einem Speisewasser- oder einem Entspannungsbehälter führt oder mit einer Umwälzpumpe versehen ist, die zwischen der Speisewasservorwärmer-Heizfläche 22 und der Verdampferfläche 23 oder zwischen der Speisewasser­pumpe 21 und der Speisewasservorwärmerheizfläche mündet.In the water-steam switching diagram of the continuous steam generator according to FIG. 7, a feed water preheater heating surface 22 is connected to a feed water pump 21. An evaporator surface 23 is connected in series with the feed water preheater heating surface 22 and is connected laterally with its steam outlet line to a mostly vertically arranged water separator bottle 24. A steam outlet line leads from the upper end of this water separating bottle 24 to the superheater heating surfaces 25. At the lower end, the water separating bottle 24 is provided with a water discharge line 26 which leads to a feed water or a relaxation tank or is provided with a circulation pump which is located between the feed water preheater heating surface 22 and the evaporator surface 23 or between the feed water pump 21 and the feed water preheater heating surface.

Die Rohrwände beider Teile 7 und 10 des Gaszuges 2 gehören zu der Verdampferfläche 23 in FIG 7, während die Heizflächen 9, die Speisewasservorwärmer-Heizfläche 22 und die Überhitzer­heizflächen 25 in FIG 7 sind. In vielen Betriebsfällen ist der Verdampfungsbereich örtlich nicht fixiert, so daß entweder in den Verdampferflächen 23 der Rohrwände des Gaszuges 2 bereits Überhitzung erfolgt, oder Verdampfung noch in den Überhitzer­heizflächen 25 stattfindet.The tube walls of both parts 7 and 10 of the throttle cable 2 belong to the evaporator surface 23 in FIG. 7, while the heating surfaces 9, the feed water preheater heating surface 22 and the superheater heating surfaces 25 in FIG. 7 are. In many operating cases, the evaporation area is not fixed locally, so that either overheating already occurs in the evaporator surfaces 23 of the tube walls of the gas flue 2, or evaporation still takes place in the superheater heating surfaces 25.

Die Wasserabführleitung 26 in FIG 7 wird nur während des An­fahrens des Durchlaufdampferzeugers und bei Betrieb mit Teil­last von Wasser durchströmt. Die Wasserabführleitung 26 ist also im Gegensatz zu den wasserführenden Fallrohren eines Naturumlaufdampferzeugers nicht an eine waagerecht angeordnete Dampftrommel angeschlossen, sie wird nicht während des gesamten Betriebs von Wasser durchströmt und sie mündet auch nicht ohne Zwischenschaltung von Behältern oder Pumpen direkt in die Verdampferfläche.The water discharge line 26 in FIG. 7 is only flowed through by water during the start-up of the once-through steam generator and during operation with partial load. In contrast to the water-carrying downpipes of a natural circulation steam generator, the water discharge line 26 is therefore not connected to a horizontally arranged steam drum, water does not flow through it during the entire operation, and it does not open directly into the evaporator surface without the interposition of containers or pumps.

Claims (6)

1. Durchlaufdampferzeuger mit einem vertikalen Gaszug, der aus gasdichten Rohrwänden gebildet ist, deren Rohre an einem unteren Teil des Gaszuges, an dem sich Brenner für fossilen Brennstoff befinden, schräg ansteigend und an einen oberen Teil des Gas­zuges vertikal angeordnet sind, und dessen unterer Teil am Unter­ende durch einen Boden des Gaszuges und dessen oberer Teil am Oberende durch eine Querwand des Gaszuges, durch eine von den Rohrwänden gebildete Querschnittsverengung des Gaszuges oder durch eine Unterkante von innerhalb des Gaszuges angeordneten Heizflächen begrenzt ist, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß die Höhe (H) des unteren Teiles (7) des Gaszuges (2) mit den schräg ansteigend angeordneten Rohren (15) kleiner als 70 % der Gesamthöhe (L) von unterem und oberem Teil (7; 10) des vertikalen Gaszuges (2) ist.1. Continuous steam generator with a vertical gas train, which is formed from gas-tight pipe walls, the pipes of which are inclined at a lower part of the gas train, on which there are fossil fuel burners, and arranged vertically at an upper part of the gas train, and its lower part is delimited at the lower end by a bottom of the throttle cable and its upper part at the upper end by a transverse wall of the throttle cable, by a narrowing of the cross section of the throttle cable formed by the tube walls or by a lower edge of heating surfaces arranged inside the throttle cable, characterized in that the height (H) of the lower part (7) of the throttle cable (2) with the obliquely rising pipes (15) is less than 70% of the total height (L) of the lower and upper part (7; 10) of the vertical throttle cable (2). 2. Durchlaufdampferzeuger nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Höhe (H) des unteren Teiles (7) des Gaszuges (2) kleiner als 65 % der Gesamthöhe (L) ist.2. Continuous steam generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the height (H) of the lower part (7) of the throttle cable (2) is less than 65% of the total height (L). 3. Durchlaufdampferzeuger nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Höhe (H) des unteren Teiles (7) des Gaszuges (2) kleiner als 60 % der Gesamthöhe (L) ist.3. continuous steam generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the height (H) of the lower part (7) of the throttle cable (2) is less than 60% of the total height (L). 4. Durchlaufdampferzeuger nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Höhe (H) des unteren Teiles (7) des Gaszuges (2) kleiner als 55 % der Gesamthöhe (L) ist.4. continuous steam generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the height (H) of the lower part (7) of the throttle cable (2) is less than 55% of the total height (L). 5. Durchlaufdampferzeuger nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Höhe (H) des unteren Teiles (7) des Gaszuges (2) kleiner als 50 % der Gesamthöhe (L) ist.5. continuous steam generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the height (H) of the lower part (7) of the throttle cable (2) is less than 50% of the total height (L). 6. Durchlaufdampferzeuger nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rohre (16) der Rohrwände des oberen Teiles (10) des Gaszuges (2) wendelartig geführte Innenrippen (17) aufweisen.6. Continuous steam generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubes (16) of the tube walls of the upper part (10) of the throttle cable (2) have helically guided inner ribs (17).
EP89111309A 1988-07-04 1989-06-21 Once-through steam generator Expired - Lifetime EP0349834B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE3822606 1988-07-04
DE3822606 1988-07-04
IN478CA1989 IN172355B (en) 1988-07-04 1989-06-22

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DE19510033A1 (en) * 1994-05-25 1995-11-30 Babcock & Wilcox Co Use of a single-start and multi-start finned piping for sliding pressure forced flow boilers
WO1997024555A2 (en) * 1996-01-02 1997-07-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Continuous-flow steam generator with spiral evaporation tubes
DE102005023082A1 (en) * 2005-05-13 2006-11-16 Alstom Technology Ltd. Through-flow steam generator has vertical gas flue with the pipes of the lower section smooth on the inside and the pipes of the further wall section adjoining same having thread ribs on inside

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP3014699B2 (en) 2000-02-28
GR3019861T3 (en) 1996-08-31
JPH0271001A (en) 1990-03-09
EP0349834B1 (en) 1996-04-17
IN172355B (en) 1993-06-26
US4987862A (en) 1991-01-29

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