WO1993007318A1 - Wad mat and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Wad mat and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1993007318A1 WO1993007318A1 PCT/FI1992/000260 FI9200260W WO9307318A1 WO 1993007318 A1 WO1993007318 A1 WO 1993007318A1 FI 9200260 W FI9200260 W FI 9200260W WO 9307318 A1 WO9307318 A1 WO 9307318A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- mat
- binder fibers
- foamed plastic
- pieces
- wad
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
- D04H1/593—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives to layered webs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/58—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising fillers only, e.g. particles, powder, beads, flakes, spheres
- B29C70/66—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising fillers only, e.g. particles, powder, beads, flakes, spheres the filler comprising hollow constituents, e.g. syntactic foam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/02—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin in the form of fibres or filaments
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
- D04H1/544—Olefin series
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
- D04H1/55—Polyesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
- D04H1/64—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions
- D04H1/68—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions the bonding agent being applied in the form of foam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/16—Fillers
- B29K2105/165—Hollow fillers, e.g. microballoons or expanded particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/26—Scrap or recycled material
Definitions
- Wad mat and method for producing the same Wad mat and method for producing the same
- the present invention relates to a wad mat as set forth in the preamble of claim 1 as well as to a method for producing a wad mat, as set forth in the preamble of claim 3.
- the mats used as a padding within bedclothes, furniture and articles of clothing consist of fibers brought together on a support e.g. by means of an airstream.
- this type of mat struc ⁇ ture the fibers are firmly bonded together for quite a dense texture.
- this method is limited to the use of relatively thick fibers (more than 6 dtex) .
- a wad mat is formed within an otherwise finished product by blowing therein fluffy fiber bundles or other particles to create a padding.
- Such a mat is not very coherent and, e.g. in bedclothes, it tends to gather itself in one portion or another.
- the blowing method is limited to stuffing or wadding just materials that are perme ⁇ able to air.
- Finnish Patent application 901184 discloses a mat consisting of individual fiber clusters which are bonded together by means of binder fibers.
- An object of the invention is to introduce a novel mat- shaped wadding material that can be manufactured by using an abundantly available and readily processible raw material.
- a mat of the invention is primarily characterized by what is set forth in the characterizing section of claim 1.
- the particles making up the mat are pieces of foamed plastic welded into a continuous mat by the application of a thermal treatment with binder fibers.
- the handling of pieces of foamed plastic is easy and they have an excellent thermal insulation capacity as well as elasticity, which also provides the finished product with a desired elasticity.
- this material is abundantly available e.g. as a waste or by-product of the industry dealing with whole blocks or pieces of foamed plastic.
- Pieces of foamed plastic have been used earlier e.g. as loose pillow waddings and e.g. in blown-up form as stuffings for couch seats, wherein the pieces tend to accumulate in certain portions during use and result in a lumpy structure.
- foamed plastic has only been used heretofore in foamed plastic mattresses and other elements, wherein the foamed plastic forms a single integral and continuous element.
- Another object of the invention is to introduce a method for manufacturing a wad mat of the above type.
- a method of the invention is primarily characterized by what is set forth in the characterizing section of claim 3.
- the mat is assembled by bringing together pieces of foamed •• plastic and binder fibers to form an integral layer, whereafter the layer is subjected to a thermal treat ⁇ ment, resulting in at least a partial melting or softening of binder fibers and/or pieces of foamed plastic for bonding them together.
- fig. 1 shows a mat of the invention in cross- 15 section
- fig. 2 illustrates the use of a mat in a finished produc
- 20 fig. 3 is a schematic view of a mat production line.
- Fig. 1 illustrates a wad mat structure of the in ⁇ vention.
- the mat includes individual pieces or
- foamed plastic refers to all polymer materials which are prepared by using foaming agents that are either separately supplied into the pre ⁇ paration mixture or produced during the course of
- the diameter and shape of foamed plastic pieces may vary within a wide range, including e.g. slices, cubes or other such irregular or regular pieces whose longest dimension is e.g. 2-20 mm.
- the produced mat is characterized by a random struc ⁇ ture, i.e. the foamed plastic pieces are set in an intermeshed fashion relative to each other when viewing the mat in a direction perpendicular to its plane and, in the direction of mat thickness, they are located at random positions without creating any regular layers or rows.
- the foamed plastic pieces can be of various sizes or shapes in one and the same mat and, thus, for example smaller pieces can set between larger pieces during the mat manu ⁇ facturing process.
- the foamed plastic pieces 1 are bonded to each other by means of binder fibers 2, which can make up appr. 15-80 % of the total mat weight.
- the amount of foamed plastic can be increased for a product of more elasti ⁇ city since foamed plastic pieces are elastic.
- the amount of fibers can be increased for a product with more breathing capacity and for a reduced moisture absorbency.
- the binder fibers are preferably thermoplastic fibers, such as polyester fibers, polypropylene fibers, polyethylene fibers or also a fiber consisting of some physical mixture of the above polymers.
- the mat can be subjected to thermal bonding for adhering several types of foamed plastic pieces 1 to each other by virtue of the adhesive action of softening and/or melting binder fibers 2.
- foamed plastic materials Another alternative, which can be relevant with suitable foamed plastic materials, is to effect thermal bonding by allowing foamed plastic pieces 1 to melt or soften so as to fix them to the binder fibers, which in this case may also consist of a non-melting material. If the foamed plastic pieces soften to an adhesive state e.g. within a temperature range of 140-160°C, it is possible to employ polyester fibers melting at a higher temperature and the bonding temperature can be maintained e.g. within the softening range of foamed plastic.
- both foamed plastic pieces and fibers can be softened in a thermal treatment to an adhesive state by using materials softening within the same temperature range, or it is possible to soften just the fibers by using fibers having a softening temperature lower than that of the foamed plastic pieces.
- the latter alternative is also preferred whenever the thermal treatment at a higher temperature would damage the structure of foamed plastic.
- Various synthetic fiber materials and foamed plastic materials offer versatile possibilities for the selection of processing temperatures.
- Rigidity or stiffness of the product can also be adjusted by means of the above factors. If just one of the group of materials fibers/foamed plastic pieces is softened to an adhesive state, the end result will generally be a more flexible product.
- Fig 2 illustrates the use of a mat in a finished product.
- a mat of the invention is fitted between two surface layers 3 for the production of e.g. clothes, seat cushions, quilts, sleeping bags and pillows.
- the layers can be joined together at the opposite faces thereof in a per se known manner by stitching, as indicated by reference numeral 4 in fig. 2.
- the integral mat structure has a benefit of retaining some of the foamed plastic pieces 1 between the stitches.
- a mat can also be fastened to just one surface layer 3, made e.g. of a textile material and providing the outer surface for a structure to be upholstered.
- Fig. 3 is a side view of a production line for a mat of the invention and, in reference to this figure, the following describes a mat manufacturing method.
- the raw material may comprise either ready-to-use pieces of foamed plastic available as surplus in the production of pillow waddings or pieces obtained for the method by chopping pieces from larger blocks of foamed plastic, such as those left over from the manufacture of mattresses.
- the pieces of foamed plastic are supplied e.g. in the form of bales onto a conveyor 5 below and thereafter, as shown at 5b, the binder fibers are delivered onto the top of the conveyor.
- a preliminary mixing of the compound is effected by means of a tossing and mixing cylinder 5c mounted downstream of the conveyor.
- the flat drier is provided with a conveyor 10a for carrying the mat through a space having a desired bonding temperature. Downstream of flat drier 10 are press rolls lOb for smoothing the mat, whereafter the mat is passed possibly through a length cutter 11 to a reeling apparatus, wherein it can be wound into a reel carrying e.g. a 50 length of mat. Instead of reeling, the mat can also be cut to elements of a suitable length.
- the obtained intermediate product can be used in all those applications that are suitable for a conventional, prior known wad mat.
- the benefits gained by the use of a mat of the invention in garment industry include e.g. that it can be substituted for a blowing method previously used for blowing the wad in between the outer layers.
- a mat of the invention is easy to handle as it holds well together and, thus, it can be readily processed, e.g. for cutting it to patterns. The mat also holds its position better than the blown fiber.
- the obtained product has also a "settleability" or flexibility which is improved over the prior known products as it consists of separate pieces of foamed plastic instead of a continuous, structure-stiffening material.
- the mat will also remain underneath the stitches, as also illustrated in fig. 2.
- the mat can also be laminated to a fabric whenever desired.
- a mat of the invention in furniture industry offers the same benefits as above and, furthermore, it can be stated that the manufacture of seat cushions by using the mat is substantially quicker than with the blowing technique.
- the production of various quilts, sleeping bags and pillows offers also the same benefits as above and, furthermore, it can be pointed out that a mat of the invention retains its position better and does not necessarily require cross-stitching in the quilts.
- the invention can be used for producing wad materials having varying weights per unit area and thicknesses and suitable for various applications.
- the mats of 3 kg/m 2 are suitable for mattresses and the mats of appr. 100 g/m 2 for various upholstering or padding materials.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mattresses And Other Support Structures For Chairs And Beds (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI914600 | 1991-09-30 | ||
FI914600A FI93091C (fi) | 1991-09-30 | 1991-09-30 | Täytemateriaalimatto sekä menetelmä sen valmistamiseksi |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1993007318A1 true WO1993007318A1 (en) | 1993-04-15 |
Family
ID=8533211
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FI1992/000260 WO1993007318A1 (en) | 1991-09-30 | 1992-09-30 | Wad mat and method for producing the same |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU2595092A (fi) |
CA (1) | CA2120371A1 (fi) |
FI (1) | FI93091C (fi) |
WO (1) | WO1993007318A1 (fi) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5697061A (en) * | 1993-09-22 | 1997-12-09 | Seattle Silicon Corporation | Method and apparatus for providing information concerning products, using radio frequency transmissions |
WO1999010581A1 (de) * | 1997-08-26 | 1999-03-04 | Möller Plast GmbH | Langfaser-schaumverbund |
US6290800B1 (en) * | 1999-12-02 | 2001-09-18 | Steven J. Antinori | Machine for and a method of manufacturing a laminate particularly adapted for bedding, padding, and upholstering |
US20110300365A1 (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2011-12-08 | Toyota Boshoku Kabushiki Kaisha | Composite structural article |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4445954A (en) * | 1983-02-09 | 1984-05-01 | Albany International Corp. | Method of manufacturing molded upholstery panels |
WO1991014035A1 (en) * | 1990-03-08 | 1991-09-19 | Du Pont De Nemours International S.A. | Wad mat and method for producing the same |
-
1991
- 1991-09-30 FI FI914600A patent/FI93091C/fi active
-
1992
- 1992-09-30 AU AU25950/92A patent/AU2595092A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-09-30 WO PCT/FI1992/000260 patent/WO1993007318A1/en active Application Filing
- 1992-09-30 CA CA002120371A patent/CA2120371A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4445954A (en) * | 1983-02-09 | 1984-05-01 | Albany International Corp. | Method of manufacturing molded upholstery panels |
WO1991014035A1 (en) * | 1990-03-08 | 1991-09-19 | Du Pont De Nemours International S.A. | Wad mat and method for producing the same |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5697061A (en) * | 1993-09-22 | 1997-12-09 | Seattle Silicon Corporation | Method and apparatus for providing information concerning products, using radio frequency transmissions |
WO1999010581A1 (de) * | 1997-08-26 | 1999-03-04 | Möller Plast GmbH | Langfaser-schaumverbund |
US6290800B1 (en) * | 1999-12-02 | 2001-09-18 | Steven J. Antinori | Machine for and a method of manufacturing a laminate particularly adapted for bedding, padding, and upholstering |
US20110300365A1 (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2011-12-08 | Toyota Boshoku Kabushiki Kaisha | Composite structural article |
JP2011255771A (ja) * | 2010-06-08 | 2011-12-22 | Toyota Boshoku Corp | 複合構造体 |
US9045610B2 (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2015-06-02 | Toyota Boshoku Kabushiki Kaisha | Composite structural article |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI914600A0 (fi) | 1991-09-30 |
CA2120371A1 (en) | 1993-04-15 |
FI914600A (fi) | 1993-03-31 |
FI93091B (fi) | 1994-11-15 |
AU2595092A (en) | 1993-05-03 |
FI93091C (fi) | 1995-02-27 |
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