WO1993000721A1 - Antenne planaire en zig-zag - Google Patents

Antenne planaire en zig-zag Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1993000721A1
WO1993000721A1 PCT/EP1992/001353 EP9201353W WO9300721A1 WO 1993000721 A1 WO1993000721 A1 WO 1993000721A1 EP 9201353 W EP9201353 W EP 9201353W WO 9300721 A1 WO9300721 A1 WO 9300721A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna element
planar antenna
coating
strips
substrate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1992/001353
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Peiniger
Birgit Fortyr
Heinz Chaloupka
Arndt Pischke
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to JP5501210A priority Critical patent/JPH06508732A/ja
Priority to EP92913171A priority patent/EP0591323A1/fr
Publication of WO1993000721A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993000721A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/206—Microstrip transmission line antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/364—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith using a particular conducting material, e.g. superconductor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a planar antenna element in a stripline arrangement on a dielectric substrate, and to an antenna which is constructed from such planar antenna elements.
  • stripline technology is an important basis for the creation of electrical circuits for the generation, transmission and processing of electromagnetic alternating current signals with frequencies up to the gigahertz range, preferably with frequencies between 100 MHz and 10 GHz, in particular with frequencies from the range important for communication with artificial earth satellites around 1 GHz.
  • Stripline arrangements which depending on the size u. U. also as
  • “Microstrip line arrangements” are made up of strip-shaped electrical conductors on a first side of an essentially planar dielectric substrate which has a second side which is essentially parallel to the first side and which is essentially covered by an electrically conductive coating.
  • the thickness of the substrate between the first and second side is usually on the order of a millimeter.
  • the selectable height of a substrate for a stripline arrangement is subject to a restriction according to a criterion which determines the dielectric constant of the substrate and the vacuum wavelength of the electromagnetic to be guided through the stripline arrangement
  • planar antennas can be found in the "Textbook of High Frequency Technology" by Zinke and Brunswig, fourth edition, volume 1, Springer-Verlag, Berlin and Heidelberg (1990), pages 413 ff. Basic terms for antennas are also explained in detail there - see Chapter 6, especially Chapter 6.1.7, page 365 ff.
  • Planar, meandering structured antennas in stripline technology emerge from EP 0 061 831 AI and GB 2 165 700 A.
  • the antennas are made up of conventional electrical conductors on conventional substrates.
  • the first-mentioned font refers to the adaptation of the shape of the antenna to a given radiation pattern; the second document refers to the weatherproof equipment of a conventional planar antenna.
  • Planar antennas are particularly interesting because they can be arranged on a single substrate together with other electronic circuits using stripline technology, which meets the general requirements for particularly compact communication systems in the high-frequency range.
  • antennas are desired whose dimensions are significantly smaller than the vacuum wavelength of the electromagnetic signals for which they are intended - for signals with frequencies in the GHz range, the vacuum wavelengths are around 10 cm, but they are Antennas desired with dimensions of 1 cm and less.
  • High-temperature superconductors "known materials. Information on this, in particular references to possible compositions for high-temperature superconductors, can be found in EP 0 337 656 A2; the" Int. Workshop on HTSC Thin Films: Properties and Applications “from April 15 to 19, 1991 in Rome as part of the lecture” Applications of HTSC Thin Films with Low Microwave Losses to Linear Devices "by H. Chaloupka and G. Müller on the applicability of Thin films from high-temperature superconductors in high-frequency circuits and antennas have been reported, with indications not only of high-temperature superconductors that can be used, but also of possible materials for substrates and the dimensioning of such substrates
  • miniaturization is not adversely affected by the properties of the material used to form the stripline arrangement if a superconductor is selected as such; miniaturization, however, involves a strong reduction in the bandwidth of the antenna, which severely limits its applicability and leads to the fact that, for communication systems with certain requirements for the width of the frequency band that can be used, instead of a single planar antenna, several appropriately coordinated planar antennas must be used. With increasing miniaturization, the corresponding
  • the present invention has for its object to provide an antenna element for a miniaturized antenna, specifically a planar antenna element, which, in addition to low losses (and thus high efficiency), has a significantly increased bandwidth compared to the planar antenna elements of the prior art.
  • a planar antenna element in a stripline arrangement on a dielectric substrate with a first side and a second side approximately parallel to this, which first side has a superconductive first coating which represents the stripline arrangement and which second side is essentially covered with an electrically conductive second coating, consists of a large number of closely adjacent and approximately parallel strips, each of which has two ends, the strips being connected to one another at their ends in the manner of a meander.
  • the invention further relates to a planar antenna in a stripline arrangement on a dielectric substrate, which planar antenna has an arrangement with at least one planar antenna element according to the invention, possibly in the context of one of the configurations described below.
  • planar antenna elements according to the invention can be used to achieve a special directivity, gff. in connection with other advantageous properties.
  • the planar antenna element according to the invention has a wealth of advantages compared to the antenna elements of the prior art.
  • the resonance effect occurring on the antenna element according to the invention and determining the resonance frequency and the bandwidth is substantially different from that Resonance effect on a usual rectangular
  • Strip line of a planar antenna element according to the prior art occurs; contrary to the antenna element of the prior art, the antenna element according to the invention is essentially a one-dimensional, folded resonator with a length which is a multiple of half the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave to be radiated or received in the substrate; the length of a planar antenna element according to the prior art is half this wavelength.
  • the high-frequency current on the planar antenna element according to the invention which causes the radiation, does not come about as in the prior art by a "two-dimensional" resonance, but by a "one-dimensional” resonance; the high-frequency currents which flow on the strips forming the antenna element are essentially in phase with one another at resonance and additively overlap.
  • a bandwidth of 7% with an efficiency of more than 50% can be achieved with the antenna element according to the invention - this can be compared with bandwidths in the range of 0.5% for the known planar antenna elements with the same dimensions.
  • Antenna element a special mode purity, i.e. a simple and easy to describe structure of the emitted electromagnetic field, since the antenna can not be excited in several mutually orthogonal directions like a simple planar antenna according to the prior art, but only in one direction parallel to the extension the stripes forming the meander; the radiation field of the antenna element according to the invention is relatively simple, so that the antenna element according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in a planar antenna having a group of antenna elements. It should also be emphasized that the use of
  • the mutually adjacent strips of the first coating in the antenna element according to the invention are of course capacitively and inductively coupled to one another due to their small spacing, so that the resonance behavior of the resonator consisting of the meandering strips is not necessarily the same as the resonance behavior of an elongated strip line piece of the same length. Coupling the strips to one another may also change the value of the resonance frequency in addition to the bandwidth, which must be taken into account by adapting the dimensions of the antenna element accordingly; under certain circumstances the length of the strips of the antenna element must deviate slightly from half the wavelength of the electromagnetic signal to be emitted or received, which is related to the dielectric constant of the substrate.
  • Such a requirement for adapting a theoretically determined dimensioning is particularly in the 1 High-frequency technology al current and familiar to the relevant expert; this applies to the dimensioning of stripline arrangements particularly because a closed one
  • the number of stripes in the planar 10 antenna element according to the invention can be geometric and electrical
  • Strip is advantageously limited to a maximum of forty, 15, preferably a maximum of twenty. especially the
  • Stripline arrangement selected manufacturing process PVD and CVD-20 processes of various types, including sputtering techniques and
  • the shape of the antenna element according to the invention of any configuration is advantageously chosen such that the strips are arranged within an approximately rectangular, in particular approximately square, edge.
  • the planar antenna element can be constructed in such a way that strips of different lengths, preferably strips, the length of which varies within a certain interval by the length necessary to achieve resonance at a preselected frequency, are combined become; such will be favorable Stripes of different lengths are arranged one behind the other in such a way that an antenna element with an approximately trapezoidal, preferably with a mirror-symmetrically trapezoidal, edge is formed.
  • All strips of a planar antenna element according to the invention are advantageously approximately straight and all have a uniform width; The latter requirement in particular ensures that the distribution of the electrical current on the antenna element is largely uniform at the resonance frequency, which is conducive to an easily manageable and calculable radiation field.
  • a “capacitive load” can be provided at each junction of two strips in the form of a formation which forms a capacitor with the second coating and the substrate, which in the
  • the substrate on which a planar antenna element is to be formed according to the invention preferably consists of a material with a relatively high dielectric constant, since the dimensions of the antenna element required for the given resonance frequency decrease with increasing dielectric constant.
  • Conceivable materials for such substrates are Plastics, possibly reinforced with glass fibers or the like, in particular polytetrafluoroethylene, which can optionally be fiber-reinforced. Crystalline, possibly microcrystalline, substrates are also conceivable; Proven materials for this are aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide and
  • Lanthanum aluminate In particular, lanthanum aluminate and magnesium oxide are very favorable if a ceramic high-temperature superconductor, such as, for example, is used as the superconductive material for the first and / or the second coating.
  • a ceramic high-temperature superconductor such as, for example, is used as the superconductive material for the first and / or the second coating.
  • Oxygen is to be used;
  • the ceramic can be applied to monocrystalline lanthanum aluminate
  • High-temperature superconductors grow epitaxially from the vapor phase, so that a superconductive due to favorable orientation of the crystal axes of the substrate
  • Coating can be obtained, the crystal axes of which are also oriented in directions favorable to achieve high current carrying capacity.
  • Aluminum oxide is particularly interesting due to its high dielectric constant of approximately 22 and its particularly high insulation resistance, due to which particularly low-loss strip line arrangements can be formed.
  • Metals with good conductivity such as copper, silver and gold, are suitable for the essentially continuous second coating of the substrate on which the superconducting planar antenna element according to the invention is applied.
  • the provision of a superconducting second coating is particularly advantageous; however, since the second coating is in any case less stressed than that
  • a second coating made of a conventional electrical conductor, in particular of copper or a noble metal is particularly useful under economic conditions.
  • the cost-effective producibility of the planar antenna element according to the invention is counterbalanced if the second coating consists of the same substance as the first coating and thus both coatings can possibly be applied in one operation.
  • the structuring of the first coating to form the stripline arrangement can either take place in a second operation by an etching process or the like, or the substrate can be covered with an only partially permeable mask in order to obtain the stripline arrangement in the first coating before the coatings are applied become.
  • a particularly advantageous material for forming the first coating (and possibly also the second coating) for a planar antenna element according to the invention of any design is a ceramic superconductor, advantageously a ceramic high-temperature superconductor of the 123 type (i.e. the known yttrium-barium Copper-oxygen compound) or a ceramic high temperature superconductor of the 2212 type (e.g. a compound of thallium, barium, calcium, copper and oxygen).
  • the thickness of the substrate for a planar antenna element according to the invention of any configuration is advantageously chosen between 0.3 mm and 1.5 mm, preferably between 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm, for conventional applications. As already stated, the selected thickness of the substrate may result in an occurrence of
  • FIG. 1 shows a simple exemplary embodiment of a planar antenna element according to the invention together with feed line in stripline technology
  • FIG 2 shows a further embodiment of the antenna element according to the invention, which is characterized by a particularly large bandwidth
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section through a substrate with a
  • FIG. 5 shows a planar antenna, constructed from several antenna elements according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 Both figures show one
  • Stripline arrangement with an antenna element 1 according to the invention which, via a coupling element 13, to a feed line 12 belonging to the stripline arrangement, which depending on the application also possibly leads to a
  • the antenna element 1 is constructed from a multiplicity of strips 7, which are connected to one another at their ends 8 via connection points 10 in the manner of a meander 5.
  • the antenna element 1 has a resonance frequency, namely the frequency at which the length of each strip 7 (or the average length of all strips 7) corresponds to half the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave with the resonance frequency in the substrate (not shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 for the sake of clarity) - this taking into account the coupling effects, which are narrow. adjacent strips 7 occur.
  • the planar antenna element 1 according to FIG. 1 contains nine strips 7, the antenna element 1 according to FIG. 2 contains eight strips 7; these numbers are possible according to the invention, but are in no way representative.
  • antenna element 1 can contain a very large number of strips 7, in particular up to 40 strips.
  • the width and the mutual spacing of the strips 7 are also not representative;
  • the dimensioning and arrangement of the strips 7 can be adapted to the requirements of each individual case.
  • the strips 7 of the antenna element 1 are of equal length to one another, so that the antenna element 1 is surrounded by a rectangular edge 9.
  • the antenna element 1 is fed by galvanic coupling of the feed line 12 to a strip 7, with a between the antenna element 1 and the feed line 12
  • Coupling element 13 a piece of a strip conductor intended as a quarter-wave transformer, is inserted.
  • the coupling element 13 is used to adapt the input impedance of the antenna element 1 to the impedance of the feed line 12.
  • FIG. 2 shows an antenna element 1 with strips 7 of different lengths, which strips 7 are arranged such that the antenna element 1 is enclosed by a trapezoidal edge 9.
  • This arrangement may not allow the same level of miniaturization as the arrangement of Figure 1, it is characterized by a particularly wide range.
  • the coupling of the feed line 12 to the antenna element 1 takes place capacitively in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2; the coupling element 13 is given by a point at which the feed line 12 is close to the antenna element 1.
  • no further transformation element between the antenna element 1 and the feed line 12 may be necessary.
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section through a dielectric substrate 2 with a first side 3 and a second side 4, a first coating 5 for forming an antenna element 1 being applied to the first side 3 and the second side 4 being an essentially continuous second coating 6 having.
  • the first coating 5 and the second coating 6 are both electrically conductive, whereby according to the invention the first coating 5 must be superconductive and the second coating 6 can be superconductive.
  • FIG. 3 also shows how a coaxial line 14 can be coupled to an antenna element 1.
  • the second coating 6 has a recess 15 on which the coaxial line 14 is seated in such a way that its outer conductor 16 touches and is connected to the second coating 6 and the inner conductor 17 points into the recess 15.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic representation; in particular, the thicknesses of the substrate 2, the first coating 5 and the second coating 6 are not necessarily drawn to scale; first coating 5 and second coating 6 can each by design, orders of magnitude thinner than that
  • Substrate 2 The representation of the coupling of the coaxial line 14 to the antenna element 1 is also only schematic, since this type of coupling is known per se and information on its practical implementation is therefore unnecessary.
  • FIG. 4 shows a detail from an embodiment of the antenna element according to the invention, which is another
  • connection points 10 of two strips 7 have formations 11 which, together with the substrate (not shown) and the second coating (also not shown), form a capacitor with an effective capacitance.
  • the substrate not shown
  • the second coating also not shown
  • the shape and arrangement of a shape 11 can be selected in accordance with the requirements and possibilities of the individual case. It should be noted that the strips 7 in the exemplary embodiment shown are not strictly parallel to one another; this is also not necessary according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 finally shows a planar antenna which is constructed from two planar antenna elements 1 according to the invention.
  • the antenna elements 1 are galvanically coupled to the feed line 12 via a coupling element 13, are therefore parallel to one another and are operated with the same phase of the electromagnetic signal.
  • antenna elements 1 can be combined with one another for a variety of purposes, for example to achieve a directional effect and / or a circularly polarized radiation field become .
  • the invention relates to a planar antenna element in a stripline arrangement made of a dielectric substrate, which, in the case of particularly small dimensions, has a particularly high bandwidth with particularly high efficiency and can be combined in a simple manner with identical antenna elements to form a planar antenna.

Abstract

Un élément planaire d'antenne (1) comprend un agencement de bandes conductrices sur un substrat diélectrique (2) avec une première face (3), et une deuxième face (4) à peu près parallèle à la première face. La première face (3) comprend un premier revêtement supraconducteur (5) qui forme les bandes conductrices, et la deuxième face (4) est essentiellement recouverte d'un deuxième revêtement électroconducteur (6). L'élément d'antenne (1) se compose d'une pluralité de bandes (7) étroitement serrées les unes à côté des autres, à peu près parallèles, pourvues chacune de deux extrémités (8). Les bandes (7) sont mutuellement reliées par leurs extrémités (8) à la manière d'un zig-zag. L'invention concerne également une antenne planaire composée d'au moins un élément planaire d'antenne (1). Cette antenne se caractérise en particulier par une largeur de bande et par une efficacité particulièrement élevées, tout en ayant des dimensions réduites, ainsi que par un champ de rayonnement électromagnétique à structure simple.
PCT/EP1992/001353 1991-06-27 1992-06-15 Antenne planaire en zig-zag WO1993000721A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP5501210A JPH06508732A (ja) 1991-06-27 1992-06-15 平面状蛇行アンテナ
EP92913171A EP0591323A1 (fr) 1991-06-27 1992-06-15 Antenne planaire en zig-zag

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP91110692 1991-06-27
EP91110692.0 1991-06-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1993000721A1 true WO1993000721A1 (fr) 1993-01-07

Family

ID=8206873

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1992/001353 WO1993000721A1 (fr) 1991-06-27 1992-06-15 Antenne planaire en zig-zag

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0591323A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH06508732A (fr)
WO (1) WO1993000721A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0750364A2 (fr) * 1995-06-20 1996-12-27 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Antenne monopuce
EP0759646A1 (fr) * 1995-08-07 1997-02-26 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Antenne puce
WO1997007560A1 (fr) * 1995-08-11 1997-02-27 The Whitaker Corporation Antenne souple et son procede de fabrication
EP0762539A1 (fr) * 1995-08-17 1997-03-12 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Antenne puce
EP0825668A2 (fr) * 1996-08-22 1998-02-25 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Antenne et méthode d'ajustement de sa fréquence de résonance
WO1998024143A1 (fr) * 1996-11-29 1998-06-04 Soon Jo Jung Antennes minces
EP0893841A1 (fr) * 1997-07-23 1999-01-27 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Bobine hélicoidale, son procédé de fabrication et antenne hélicoidale utilisant la même
EP1729367A1 (fr) * 2004-03-22 2006-12-06 Yokowo Co., Ltd Antenne repli e

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0061831A1 (fr) * 1981-03-04 1982-10-06 The Secretary of State for Defence in Her Britannic Majesty's Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Antenne à microbandes
EP0027067B1 (fr) * 1979-10-05 1984-07-18 Thomson-Csf Antenne plane bifilaire à rayonnement transversal et son application aux aériens radars
GB2165700A (en) * 1984-10-12 1986-04-16 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Microwave plane antenna
EP0337656A2 (fr) * 1988-04-12 1989-10-18 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Antenne à rendement élevé

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0027067B1 (fr) * 1979-10-05 1984-07-18 Thomson-Csf Antenne plane bifilaire à rayonnement transversal et son application aux aériens radars
EP0061831A1 (fr) * 1981-03-04 1982-10-06 The Secretary of State for Defence in Her Britannic Majesty's Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Antenne à microbandes
GB2165700A (en) * 1984-10-12 1986-04-16 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Microwave plane antenna
EP0337656A2 (fr) * 1988-04-12 1989-10-18 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Antenne à rendement élevé

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
KLEINHEUBACHERBERICHTE Band 34 ,1991 Seiten 171-180,Darmstadt,DE; A.PISCHKE et al.: "Supraleitende Miniaturisierte Planarantennen" *

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0750364A3 (fr) * 1995-06-20 1997-05-07 Murata Manufacturing Co Antenne monopuce
EP0750364A2 (fr) * 1995-06-20 1996-12-27 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Antenne monopuce
US6052096A (en) * 1995-08-07 2000-04-18 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Chip antenna
EP0759646A1 (fr) * 1995-08-07 1997-02-26 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Antenne puce
WO1997007560A1 (fr) * 1995-08-11 1997-02-27 The Whitaker Corporation Antenne souple et son procede de fabrication
EP0762539A1 (fr) * 1995-08-17 1997-03-12 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Antenne puce
EP0825668A2 (fr) * 1996-08-22 1998-02-25 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Antenne et méthode d'ajustement de sa fréquence de résonance
EP0825668B1 (fr) * 1996-08-22 2005-12-07 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Antenne
WO1998024143A1 (fr) * 1996-11-29 1998-06-04 Soon Jo Jung Antennes minces
US6147661A (en) * 1997-07-23 2000-11-14 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Helical coil, method of producing same and helical antenna using same
EP0893841A1 (fr) * 1997-07-23 1999-01-27 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Bobine hélicoidale, son procédé de fabrication et antenne hélicoidale utilisant la même
EP1729367A1 (fr) * 2004-03-22 2006-12-06 Yokowo Co., Ltd Antenne repli e
EP1729367A4 (fr) * 2004-03-22 2009-11-04 Yokowo Seisakusho Kk Antenne repli e

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH06508732A (ja) 1994-09-29
EP0591323A1 (fr) 1994-04-13

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