WO1992019092A1 - Verfahren zur selektiven beschichtung von nichtleitern mit kohlenstoff-partikeln und die verwendung von kupferhaltigen lösungen im verfahren - Google Patents
Verfahren zur selektiven beschichtung von nichtleitern mit kohlenstoff-partikeln und die verwendung von kupferhaltigen lösungen im verfahren Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1992019092A1 WO1992019092A1 PCT/DE1992/000315 DE9200315W WO9219092A1 WO 1992019092 A1 WO1992019092 A1 WO 1992019092A1 DE 9200315 W DE9200315 W DE 9200315W WO 9219092 A1 WO9219092 A1 WO 9219092A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- carbon particles
- conductors
- coating
- carbon
- Prior art date
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 copper (I) halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- VMQMZMRVKUZKQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu+ Chemical compound [Cu+] VMQMZMRVKUZKQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003444 phase transfer catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000872198 Serjania polyphylla Species 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001649 bromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910021592 Copper(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QTMDXZNDVAMKGV-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) bromide Chemical compound [Cu+2].[Br-].[Br-] QTMDXZNDVAMKGV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000004815 dispersion polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002555 ionophore Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000236 ionophoric effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000847 nonoxynol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- GXJQMKFJQFGQKV-KHPPLWFESA-N 2-[methyl-[(z)-octadec-9-enoyl]amino]ethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)N(C)CCS(O)(=O)=O GXJQMKFJQFGQKV-KHPPLWFESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021590 Copper(II) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanamide Chemical compound NC#N XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001615 alkaline earth metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003788 bath preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003842 bromide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004643 cyanate ester Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001913 cyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001687 destabilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000396 dipotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019797 dipotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002577 pseudohalo group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/54—Electroplating of non-metallic surfaces
- C25D5/56—Electroplating of non-metallic surfaces of plastics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
- B05D5/12—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain a coating with specific electrical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/18—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by dipping
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/002—Pretreatement
- B05D3/005—Pretreatment for allowing a non-conductive substrate to be electrostatically coated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/54—Electroplating of non-metallic surfaces
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/40—Forming printed elements for providing electric connections to or between printed circuits
- H05K3/42—Plated through-holes or plated via connections
- H05K3/423—Plated through-holes or plated via connections characterised by electroplating method
- H05K3/424—Plated through-holes or plated via connections characterised by electroplating method by direct electroplating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/14—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
- B05D7/142—Auto-deposited coatings, i.e. autophoretic coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/03—Conductive materials
- H05K2201/032—Materials
- H05K2201/0323—Carbon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
- H05K2203/07—Treatments involving liquids, e.g. plating, rinsing
- H05K2203/0703—Plating
- H05K2203/0716—Metallic plating catalysts, e.g. for direct electroplating of through holes; Sensitising or activating metallic plating catalysts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
- H05K2203/12—Using specific substances
- H05K2203/122—Organic non-polymeric compounds, e.g. oil, wax or thiol
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/40—Forming printed elements for providing electric connections to or between printed circuits
- H05K3/42—Plated through-holes or plated via connections
- H05K3/425—Plated through-holes or plated via connections characterised by the sequence of steps for plating the through-holes or via connections in relation to the conductive pattern
- H05K3/427—Plated through-holes or plated via connections characterised by the sequence of steps for plating the through-holes or via connections in relation to the conductive pattern initial plating of through-holes in metal-clad substrates
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the selective coating of non-conductors with carbon particles and the use of copper-containing solutions in the method.
- Direct electroplating processes by applying carbon particles to non-conductors are described, for example, in the documents US Pat. No. 4,619,741; US 4,622,107; US 4,622,108; US 4,631,117 and US 4,684,560.
- a common and central feature of the prior art is an immersion solution which contains carbon particles (preferably acidic carbon blacks with particle sizes> 3 ⁇ m) dispersed in an alkaline surfactant solution.
- carbon particles preferably acidic carbon blacks with particle sizes> 3 ⁇ m
- Relatively thick layers and corresponding amounts of carbon, which have to be removed afterwards, are deposited, for example, on the copper surface of the printed circuit board.
- the copper outer lamination of a printed circuit board counts as the copper surface, but also the inner layers which are exposed in multilayers and which are drilled open and which are contacted via the subsequent copper sleeve to be electroplated.
- the object of the invention is to provide a selective method in which there is only very little deposition of carbon on the copper surfaces, for example a printed circuit board, and in which the adhesion of the carbon particles to the non-conductor surface is increased.
- the non-conductor is treated with a.) A copper-containing solution, b.) A polyelectrolyte solution, preferably an aqueous gelatin or polyacrylate solution, c.) If necessary subsequently with water is rinsed, d.) the non-conductive surface is brought into contact with a dispersion containing carbon, wetting agent and an ionogenic metal compound, and that e.) subsequently, if necessary, it is rinsed again with water.
- the solution to the task also includes the use of copper-containing solutions in the process.
- the method according to the invention is based on a treatment de
- the copper surface is not or only slightly adhered to the carbon particles, while the carbon adheres to non-conductive surfaces, i.e. the glass fiber and de resin, remains unchanged and high
- the plates treated in this way have an excellent layer thickness distribution of the galvanic copper in the borehole and, due to the intimate connection of the inner layers with the copper hole sleeve, withstand thermal processes such as are required in the soldering shock test at 288 ° C. and a duration of 10 seconds.
- Suitable copper compounds are halides, pseudohalides, chalcogenides, sulfates, hydroxides and preferably phosphates.
- the further step of the method according to the invention the treatment of the non-conductor with an aqueous gelatin solution, can be achieved with solutions which contain 0.01% to 5.00%, preferably 0.2% gelatin. All commercially available gelatin qualities that are currently available are suitable for the production of this aqueous gelatin solution.
- the first process step can also be carried out with an aqueous polyacrylate solution.
- all commercially available polymer dispersions based on acrylate or mixtures containing polyacrylate are suitable.
- the nonconductor After this treatment with a gelatin or polyacrylate solution, the nonconductor will be rinsed with water, preferably with distilled water.
- a non-conductor surface treated in this way is contacted with a dispersion containing carbon (for example carbon particles in the form of graphite and / or carbon black), a wetting agent and an ionic metal compound (for example alkali metal, ammonium or alkaline earth metal halides) ).
- carbon for example carbon particles in the form of graphite and / or carbon black
- ionic metal compound for example alkali metal, ammonium or alkaline earth metal halides
- Phase transfer catalysts for example hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, are particularly suitable as added wetting agents. All phase transfer catalysts containing a quaternary nitrogen atom, which are commercially available, are also suitable. Also suitable as wetting agents are, for example, Aerosol OT (cyanamite) or Cathodip.
- the fluorides, chlorides, bromides or iodides are advantageous as the ionogenic metal compounds to be added to the dispersion of lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, barium, strontium, ammonium or copper.
- the principle of the coating method is based on the fact that a carbon dispersion is adjusted so that it is stable in the absence of the substrates to be covered. However, if this dispersion comes into contact with the gelatin or polyacrylate layer adhering to the surface of the non-conductor, this carbon dispersion is destabilized. The consequence of this destabilization is that there is coagulation, carbon particles separate firmly at the phase boundary / fluori adherent. This coagulation is controlled via the ionogenic metal compounds (electrolytes) contained in the dispersion.
- the method according to the invention can be used with particular advantage for direct galvanic metallization of non-conductors.
- Ceramics, glass or other polymeric materials such as, for example, fiber-reinforced, filled or unreinforced plastics, epoxies, phenolic resins, cyanate esters, polyether terimide, polyimide, fluorine-containing polymers (PTFE) or similar materials are to be mentioned as non-conductors.
- PTFE fluorine-containing polymers
- it can be used to cover ABS plastic, polyphenylene sulfide, polyester, polyacrylates and epoxy resins.
- the method is also suitable so that it can be used to produce conductor tracks or structures on the above-mentioned polymeric materials. Particularly noteworthy is the treatment of boreholes in printed circuit boards and the application for the production of electromagnetic shielding layers and Lei terplatten.
- the method according to the invention is suitable for use in vertical or horizontal continuous systems which are operated continuously within the galvanotechnical production.
- the method according to the invention can advantageously be used to produce printed circuit boards, electrodes, heating elements, chip carriers, electronic packages, multichip modules, metallized plastic parts such as buttons, fittings or auto parts.
- Carbon dispersion (graphite / carbon black)
- the plate could be rinsed clean in a spray jet sink, so that the copper outer surfaces and the inner layers were free of plastic (graphite). After 5 minutes of electroplating in the acidic copper electrolyte at 4 A / gdm, the holes were tightly coppered.
- a circuit board provided with boreholes is treated according to the above procedure.
- solution A 200 g copper chloride / liter
- solution B 50 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate / liter.
- a circuit board provided with boreholes is treated according to the above procedure.
- the copper surfaces were freed of graphite and the copper (I) layer was removed.
- the multilayer was subjected to a shock test (288 ° C, 10 s) and examined in a cross section. The contacts were not torn off, the borehole sleeve with no objections and the layer thickness distribution was 85%, measured from the borehole entrance to the center of the borehole.
- a printed circuit board pretreated as in Example 3 was treated with a conditioning solution (water-soluble polymer) made from 0.2% Mowoiol with a pH of 9 and was further treated according to the procedure. The removal of the carbon was also quick and after the specified copper plating time the through-plating was flawless.
- a conditioning solution water-soluble polymer made from 0.2% Mowoiol with a pH of 9
- a printed circuit board pretreated as in Example 3 was treated with a conditioning solution consisting of 0.2% gelatin with a pH of 9 and was further treated after the process. The removal of the carbon was quick without any problems and the through-plating was error-free after the specified coppering time.
- a circuit board reinforced up to 35 ⁇ m copper was subjected to a shock test (see above) and judged to be faultless.
- the adsorptive coating of non-conductive surfaces with conductive carbon blacks is suitable for the through-plating of copper-clad printed circuit boards based on glass fiber. stronger epoxy resin plastics.
- the 1% Arkopal R N 150 (Hoechst) / verd. H2SO4 with ultrasonically cleaned plate is first pretreated 15 seconds in a 0.2% aqueous gelatin solution with horizontal movement of the goods.
- the gelatin is first dissolved in the heat after 10 ml of swelling, then left to stand at 10 ° C. for 5 h and then heated to 20 ° C.
- the adsorptive coating with graphite carbon black from Sigri is carried out from a 1% aqueous dispersion.
- the dispersion takes place with the help of ultrasound.
- the dispersion is stabilized cationically with 2.5.10 ⁇ 3 mol / 1 hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), it also contains 0.07 mol / 1 KC1.
- CTAB hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide
- the coating takes place at a bath temperature of 30 ° C with horizontal movement of the goods (stroke: 4 cm, frequency: 75 min "* ⁇ "); the coating time is 5 min.
- the soot coating for the through-contacting of printed circuit boards is carried out analogously to Example 1, but the soot dispersion is stabilized anionically with Aerosol OT (cyanamide).
- Aerosol OT cyanamide
- a 1% dispersion of the EC carbon black Printex R L 6 (Degussa) contains 3.4.10 ⁇ 3 mol / 1 aerosol OT and 0.04 mol / 1 KC1.
- the through-plating of double-sided copper-clad printed circuit boards is carried out analogously to Example 1, but here with graphite.
- the aqueous graphite dispersion used (Particle size 0.4-0.6 ⁇ m) is a product from Acheson with the name "Aquadag R " and is used in a dilution of 1: 6.
- the duration of the coating is 5 min with a horizontal movement of the goods (stroke: 4 cm, frequency: 50 min _1 ) and a bath temperature of 25 ° C.
- stroke 4 cm, frequency: 50 min _1
- a bath temperature 25 ° C.
- the galvanic copper deposition on graphite proceeds better.
- the plated-through hole is covered with graphite as in Example 3.
- Basoplast R 280 D Basoplast 280 D
- Basoplast 280 D is a cationically stabilized aqueous polymer dispersion based on acrylate, which is used in a dilution of 1: 5.
- the dipping process takes place with a stroke of 15 seconds at room temperature.
- the graphite coating is carried out. Compared to the pretreatment with gelatin, this results in a lower coverage (R approx. 10 7 ⁇ / square), but the galvanization is still possible without any problems.
- glass can also be galvanized over a large area, the shape of the workpieces being arbitrary.
- the adhesive strength of the metallization is lower than that of epoxy resin.
- a preheated glass plate (WxH: 2 cm x 2 cm) is exposed for 5 minutes in a closed container of vaporous hydrofluoric acid at room temperature. This results in a uniform roughening of the surface. After washing reaction products, the plate is metallized as described in Example 5. The adhesive strength of the galvanic copper coating is significantly improved compared to an untreated glass plate.
- An epoxy or glass plate is coated with graphite as in Examples 5-8. After the last rinsing, however, the plates are dried or tempered in the oven for 15 minutes. The temperature is 120 ° C. for epoxy plates and 200 ° C. for glass. This treatment increases the conductivity of the graphite layers, so that the galvanic copper deposition proceeds more rapidly. This makes it possible to galvanize larger workpieces, primarily made of glass.
- a glass plate (WxH: 2 cm x 2 cm) is provided with a polymer layer.
- the transparent, firmly adhering layer is water-resistant and shows hydrophobic behavior.
- copper is electrodeposited after the graphite coating.
- the metallization shows a better adhesion. strength than on non-polymer coated glass.
- a further increase in adhesion is achieved by crosslinking the polymer after the galvanization. It takes place at a baking temperature of 180 ° C for a period of 15 min.
- a glass plate (WxH: 2 cm x 2 cm) is provided with a water-insoluble gelatin layer.
- the adsorptive coating with graphite from the dispersion used in Example 3 follows without further pretreatment, specifically at a temperature of 25 ° C. for a period of 2 minutes (movement of goods). It is rinsed and dried with compressed air. Then it is immersed a second time, again for 2 min, in the graphite dispersion and dried again. This procedure is repeated two more times. Then copper plating is carried out in the usual manner.
- the through-contacting of a copper-clad printed circuit board on both sides is achieved by a coating with graphite.
- the graphite dispersion described in Example 3 is used for this, but in a dilution of 1: 4.
- Arkopon R T Plv an anionic surfactant from Hoechst, is also added in a concentration of 70 ppm.
- Example 1 The plate cleaned as in Example 1 is coated by briefly dipping into the dispersion, blowing out the boreholes with compressed air and drying for 5 minutes at 80 ° C. It is etched analogously to Example 1 and then galvanically copper-plated.
- An epoxy resin multilayer which is provided with boreholes (diameter ⁇ 1 mm), is cleaned in an aqueous solution containing 0.5% Arkopal N150 (HOECHST) and contains 5% sulfuric acid.
- the cleaning time is 2 min with simultaneous use of ultrasound.
- the plate After rinsing (30 s) with tap water, the plate is immersed at room temperature for 1 min in an aqueous solution containing 100 g / 1 sodium peroxodisulfate and 20 g / 1 sulfuric acid and rinsed again. The plate is then treated for 1 min in a hydrochloric acid solution of 200 g / l copper chloride (pH 1.8) at a temperature of 40 ° C. After rinsing with tap water, the plate is immersed in gelatin solution, rinsed again and then coated with soot, as in Example 1, but for a period of 2 min.
- the plate is rinsed and then immersed at room temperature for 2 min in an aqueous solution which contains 50 g / 1 sodium peroxydisulfate and 50 g / 1 sulfuric acid. After rinsing with a strong jet, the plate is dried with hot air at 110 ° C.
- Cupracid GS (Schering) is electrolytically copper-plated at room temperature with a current density of 4 A / dm 2 for a period of 40 min.
- a polymimide multilayer (rigid-flex) which is provided with boreholes (diameter ⁇ 1 mm) is cleaned as in Example 18. After rinsing (30 s) with tap water, the plate is immersed at room temperature for 1 min in an aqueous solution containing 100 g / 1 sodium peroxodisulfate and 20 g / 1 sulfuric acid and rinsed again. Subsequently, the plate is treated for 1 min in a hydrochloric acid solution of 200 g / 1 copper chloride (pH 1.8) at a temperature of 40 ° C. and, after rinsing again, in a 10% solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate at 40 ° C.
- the plate After rinsing with tap water, the plate is immersed in gelatin solution as in Example 18, rinsed again and then ana- log 17 an assignment with graphite was carried out, however for a period of 2 min.
- the plate is rinsed and then immersed for 1 min at room temperature in an aqueous solution containing 50 g / 1 sodium peroxodisulfate and 50 g / 1 sulfuric acid. After rinsing with a powerful jet, the plate is dried with hot air at 110 ° C. Finally, the plate is electrolytically copper-plated as in Example 18.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Printed Wiring (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Printing Elements For Providing Electric Connections Between Printed Circuits (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP4507952A JPH06506984A (ja) | 1991-04-22 | 1992-04-15 | 炭素粒子で不導体を選択的にコーティングする方法及び当該方法での銅含有溶液の使用法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4113407 | 1991-04-22 | ||
DEP4113407.9 | 1991-04-22 | ||
DEP4141744.5 | 1991-12-13 | ||
DE4141744 | 1991-12-13 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1992019092A1 true WO1992019092A1 (de) | 1992-10-29 |
Family
ID=25903110
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE1992/000315 WO1992019092A1 (de) | 1991-04-22 | 1992-04-15 | Verfahren zur selektiven beschichtung von nichtleitern mit kohlenstoff-partikeln und die verwendung von kupferhaltigen lösungen im verfahren |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0581816A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH06506984A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2102240A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1992019092A1 (de) |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0583426A1 (de) | 1991-05-01 | 1994-02-23 | Olin Corp | Verbessertes verfahren zur herstellung nichtleitender substrate zum elektroplattieren. |
DE4402413A1 (de) * | 1993-01-29 | 1994-08-04 | Mec Co | Verfahren zum Elektroplattieren einer nichtleitenden Oberfläche |
DE4412463A1 (de) * | 1994-04-08 | 1995-10-12 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Palladiumkolloid-Lösung und deren Verwendung |
EP0698132A4 (de) * | 1993-05-17 | 1996-01-15 | Electrochemicals Inc | Kohlenstoffzusammensetzungen und verfahren zur herstellung nichtleitender substrate zum elektrobeschichten |
GB2327049A (en) * | 1997-07-10 | 1999-01-13 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Pretreatment and coating of electrically non-conductive surfaces |
DE19731184C2 (de) * | 1997-07-10 | 1999-10-07 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur analytischen Überwachung eines Bades zur galvanotechnischen Behandlung von Substratoberflächen |
WO2002047188A1 (en) * | 2000-11-28 | 2002-06-13 | Kemijski, Institut | Method for the preparation of a cathode for lithium ion batteries |
DE10145750A1 (de) * | 2001-09-17 | 2003-04-24 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Metallschicht auf einem Trägerkörper und Trägerkörper mit einer Metallschicht |
EP1843426A1 (de) | 2006-04-07 | 2007-10-10 | High Power Lithium S.A. | Wiederaufladbare elektrochemische Lithiumzelle |
US7857868B2 (en) | 2004-05-17 | 2010-12-28 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Electrode and method for preparing the same using substrate induced coagulation (SIC) |
US8003260B2 (en) | 2006-09-14 | 2011-08-23 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Overcharge and overdischarge protection in lithium-ion batteries |
EP2360758A2 (de) | 2006-04-07 | 2011-08-24 | Dow Global Technologies LLC | Wiederaufladbare elektrochemische lithiumzelle |
US8133616B2 (en) | 2006-02-14 | 2012-03-13 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Lithium manganese phosphate positive material for lithium secondary battery |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5690805A (en) | 1993-05-17 | 1997-11-25 | Electrochemicals Inc. | Direct metallization process |
US6710259B2 (en) | 1993-05-17 | 2004-03-23 | Electrochemicals, Inc. | Printed wiring boards and methods for making them |
US6171468B1 (en) * | 1993-05-17 | 2001-01-09 | Electrochemicals Inc. | Direct metallization process |
US5725807A (en) | 1993-05-17 | 1998-03-10 | Electrochemicals Inc. | Carbon containing composition for electroplating |
US6303181B1 (en) | 1993-05-17 | 2001-10-16 | Electrochemicals Inc. | Direct metallization process employing a cationic conditioner and a binder |
DE69732521T2 (de) * | 1996-01-29 | 2006-01-12 | Electrochemicals Inc., Maple Plain | Ultraschallverwendung zum mischen von behandlungszusammensetzungen für durchgehenden löcher |
US6375731B1 (en) * | 2000-01-06 | 2002-04-23 | Electrochemicals Inc. | Conditioning of through holes and glass |
FR3019477B1 (fr) * | 2014-04-03 | 2023-03-17 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de fonctionnalisation de surface |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4874477A (en) * | 1989-04-21 | 1989-10-17 | Olin Hunt Specialty Products Inc. | Process for preparing the through hole walls of a printed wiring board for electroplating |
-
1992
- 1992-04-15 WO PCT/DE1992/000315 patent/WO1992019092A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-04-15 EP EP92908916A patent/EP0581816A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1992-04-15 CA CA002102240A patent/CA2102240A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-04-15 JP JP4507952A patent/JPH06506984A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4874477A (en) * | 1989-04-21 | 1989-10-17 | Olin Hunt Specialty Products Inc. | Process for preparing the through hole walls of a printed wiring board for electroplating |
Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0583426A1 (de) | 1991-05-01 | 1994-02-23 | Olin Corp | Verbessertes verfahren zur herstellung nichtleitender substrate zum elektroplattieren. |
DE4402413C2 (de) * | 1993-01-29 | 1998-08-06 | Mec Co | Verfahren zum Elektroplattieren |
DE4402413A1 (de) * | 1993-01-29 | 1994-08-04 | Mec Co | Verfahren zum Elektroplattieren einer nichtleitenden Oberfläche |
EP0698132A4 (de) * | 1993-05-17 | 1996-01-15 | Electrochemicals Inc | Kohlenstoffzusammensetzungen und verfahren zur herstellung nichtleitender substrate zum elektrobeschichten |
EP0698132A1 (de) * | 1993-05-17 | 1996-02-28 | Electrochemicals, Inc. | Kohlenstoffzusammensetzungen und verfahren zur herstellung nichtleitender substrate zum elektrobeschichten |
DE4412463C3 (de) * | 1994-04-08 | 2000-02-10 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Palladium-Kolloid-Lösung und ihre Verwendung |
DE4412463A1 (de) * | 1994-04-08 | 1995-10-12 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Palladiumkolloid-Lösung und deren Verwendung |
GB2327049A (en) * | 1997-07-10 | 1999-01-13 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Pretreatment and coating of electrically non-conductive surfaces |
DE19731186A1 (de) * | 1997-07-10 | 1999-01-14 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Lösung zum Vorbehandeln elektrisch nichtleitender Oberflächen sowie Verfahren zum Beschichten der Oberflächen mit Feststoffteilchen |
DE19731184C2 (de) * | 1997-07-10 | 1999-10-07 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur analytischen Überwachung eines Bades zur galvanotechnischen Behandlung von Substratoberflächen |
GB2327049B (en) * | 1997-07-10 | 2000-01-19 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Solution for pretreatment of electrically non-conductive surfaces,and method of coating the surfaces with solid material particles |
DE19731186C2 (de) * | 1997-07-10 | 2000-08-03 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Feststofffreie Vorbehandlungslösung für elektrisch nichtleitende Oberflächen sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung der Lösung und deren Verwendung |
WO2002047188A1 (en) * | 2000-11-28 | 2002-06-13 | Kemijski, Institut | Method for the preparation of a cathode for lithium ion batteries |
DE10145750A1 (de) * | 2001-09-17 | 2003-04-24 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Metallschicht auf einem Trägerkörper und Trägerkörper mit einer Metallschicht |
US6984446B2 (en) | 2001-09-17 | 2006-01-10 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Process for producing a metal layer on a substrate body, and substrate body having a metal layer |
US7857868B2 (en) | 2004-05-17 | 2010-12-28 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Electrode and method for preparing the same using substrate induced coagulation (SIC) |
US8133616B2 (en) | 2006-02-14 | 2012-03-13 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Lithium manganese phosphate positive material for lithium secondary battery |
EP1843426A1 (de) | 2006-04-07 | 2007-10-10 | High Power Lithium S.A. | Wiederaufladbare elektrochemische Lithiumzelle |
EP2360758A2 (de) | 2006-04-07 | 2011-08-24 | Dow Global Technologies LLC | Wiederaufladbare elektrochemische lithiumzelle |
US8003260B2 (en) | 2006-09-14 | 2011-08-23 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Overcharge and overdischarge protection in lithium-ion batteries |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2102240A1 (en) | 1992-10-23 |
EP0581816A1 (de) | 1994-02-09 |
JPH06506984A (ja) | 1994-08-04 |
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