WO1992018578A1 - Industrial gasket for steam application - Google Patents
Industrial gasket for steam application Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1992018578A1 WO1992018578A1 PCT/US1992/002445 US9202445W WO9218578A1 WO 1992018578 A1 WO1992018578 A1 WO 1992018578A1 US 9202445 W US9202445 W US 9202445W WO 9218578 A1 WO9218578 A1 WO 9218578A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- blend
- gasket
- polyaramid
- fibers
- pulp
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000784 Nomex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000206 health hazard Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052909 inorganic silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004763 nomex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004326 stimulated echo acquisition mode for imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/10—Materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K3/1025—Materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers characterised by non-chemical features of one or more of its constituents
- C09K3/1028—Fibres
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
- F16J15/06—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
- F16J15/10—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing
- F16J15/102—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing characterised by material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2200/00—Chemical nature of materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K2200/02—Inorganic compounds
- C09K2200/0243—Silica-rich compounds, e.g. silicates, cement, glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2200/00—Chemical nature of materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K2200/02—Inorganic compounds
- C09K2200/0243—Silica-rich compounds, e.g. silicates, cement, glass
- C09K2200/0252—Clays
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2200/00—Chemical nature of materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K2200/02—Inorganic compounds
- C09K2200/0243—Silica-rich compounds, e.g. silicates, cement, glass
- C09K2200/0252—Clays
- C09K2200/026—Kaolin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2200/00—Chemical nature of materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K2200/06—Macromolecular organic compounds, e.g. prepolymers
- C09K2200/0607—Rubber or rubber derivatives
- C09K2200/0612—Butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2200/00—Chemical nature of materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K2200/06—Macromolecular organic compounds, e.g. prepolymers
- C09K2200/0615—Macromolecular organic compounds, e.g. prepolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C09K2200/0635—Halogen-containing polymers, e.g. PVC
- C09K2200/0637—Fluoro-containing polymers, e.g. PTFE
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2200/00—Chemical nature of materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K2200/06—Macromolecular organic compounds, e.g. prepolymers
- C09K2200/0692—Fibres
- C09K2200/0695—Polyamide fibres
Definitions
- This invention relates to industrial gaskets for steam applications and more particularly to such gaskets which are asbestos-free and manufactured by the calendering process using organic synthetic fibers, fillers and polymeric binders.
- para-aramid pulp such as poly (g.-phenylene terephthalamide) pulp available commercially, has been steadily increasing as a replacement for asbestos.
- Para-aramid pulp is a good material as a replacement because of its high temperature stability, strength and wear resistance.
- Para-aramid pulp can be manufactured according to the process described in U.S. Patent 3,767,756. In this process, para-aramid filaments are mechanically converted into pulp by first cutting them into short fibers and then abrading them into pulp. This pulp is then used to make such products as brake linings, gaskets, laminates and composites.
- an industrial gasket for steam applications consisting of a flexible sheet manufactured by the calendering process with organic synthetic fibers, fillers and polymeric binders characterized in that the organic fibers in the flexible sheet are a blend of (1) p_-polyaramid pulp and (2) at least one of (a) m -polyaramid staple or fibrids, and (b) polytetrafluoroethylene powder.
- the drawing is an expanded scale graph showing water loss in percent versus days of testing.
- Gaskets according to the present invention are flexible sheets manufactured according to the conventional calendering process for making compressed gaskets using calenders well-known to those skilled in the art.
- the organic fibers which are used in these flexible sheets comprise a blend of (1) j . -polyaramid pulp (fibrillated fibers of variable length, usually averaging less than 12 mm in length) and (2) at least one of (a) m_-polyaramid short fibers (usually called staple or fibrids), and (b) polytetrafluoroethylene powders.
- the blend of (1) to (2) has a weight ratio in the range of 99:1 and 50:50, preferably a weight ratio in the range of 99:1 and 80:20. It has been found surprisingly that when such blends are used to make gaskets by the calendering process that water lost through the gasket is very low when compared to conventional gaskets made by this process from asbestos and ji-polyaramid pulp alone.
- Para-polyaramid pulp and m.-polyaramid fibers are well known and are sold commercially under the trademarks KEVLAR® and NOMEX® respectively by E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.
- Para-polyaramid pulp can be prepared as described in EP-392 559-A2. It is preferred that a short fiber pulp of the blend useful in this invention be prepared by turbulent air grinding as described in U.S. Patent Application Ser.No. 07/506968, filed February 27, 1990, in the names of Haines and Schuler (KB-3040).
- a blend of p.-polyaramid and m_-polyaramid can also be prepared as described in EP-392 559-A2 prior to the shredding procedure.
- the fibrillated fibers in the pulp generally have a length of about 0.2 to 8 millimeters, preferably about 1 to 3 mm.
- Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) powder is a white free-flowing powder of submicron size particles. It is also available commercially under the trademark TEFLON® of E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. A useful PTFE powder has a bulk density from 300-600 g/1, preferably
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET from 500-550 g/1, has an average particle size distribution on a volume basis of from 3-100 microns, and has a melt flow rate of 0.5- 50 g/10 minutes.
- the PTFE powder is generally blended with the p_- polyaramid pulp prior to shredding.
- An organic fiber blend as described above is made into a flexible sheet useful as a gasket for steam applications by mixing it with other materials known to be useful for gaskets and then forming the sheet by the well-known calendering process. This process can be carried out by using any of the calendering machines available commercially for this purpose.
- fillers both organic and inorganic materials
- polymeric binders include optional ingredients such as antioxidants, colorants, curing agents, and the like.
- additional fibers can be included, e.g., inorganic silicate fibers.
- inorganic filler materials are talc, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, and wollastonite.
- polymeric binders are preferred binders of rubber, e.g., nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), natural rubber and ethylene propylene diene monomer rubbers (EPDM).
- NBR nitrile butadiene rubber
- SBR styrene butadiene rubber
- EPDM ethylene propylene diene monomer rubbers
- Compressed gaskets were prepared (about 2mm thick) using a blend of (1) 80% by weight rj-polyaramid pulp (KEVLAR® IF 356) having fiber lengths of 1-3 mm and 20% by weight m_-polyaramid staple short fibers (3-6 mm) and (2) 80% by weight p_-polyaramid pulp as above and 20% by weight of PTFE powder (TEFLON® MP1000).
- gaskets were then compared in a steam test with a commercially available gasket of asbestos and one of p_-poly-aramid pulp alone (KEVLAR® IF356). All four gaskets were formulated with the same binder, fillers, and other ingredients such that the approximate gasket formulation was as follows: 15% weight % of blend (1), blend (2), asbestos, or p- polyaramid pulp;
- NBR rubber 15% weight % of NBR rubber as a binder
- inorganic fillers i.e. a mixture of talc, kaolin and silicate powder.
- Each formulation contained about 1 weight % of a cross-linking agent and an antioxidant.
- gasket A is blend (1) and gasket B is blend (2); gasket C is KEVLAR® pulp alone.
- a stainless steel steam cell having a stainless steel cover with 6 calibrated bolts, and having a capacity of 0.08 liters is filled with about 70 grams of water.
- the gasket under study is bolted between the flanges of the cell and cover to a bolt torque of l lkgm.
- the completed system is placed in an air oven maintained at 240°C and is heated over a period of 3 hours so as to produce a predetermined internal water pressure of 32 bar.
- the system is removed from the oven and allowed to cool at room temperature for three hours. This cycle is repeated for up to 40 days.
- the cell is weighed and the water loss is measured with the total weight loss at the end of the test period being the water loss through the gasket.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
- Gasket Seals (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4511714A JPH06507196A (ja) | 1991-04-23 | 1992-04-03 | 水蒸気の応用面用の工業用ガスケット |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19914113153 DE4113153A1 (de) | 1991-04-23 | 1991-04-23 | Industriedichtung fuer den einsatz mit dampf |
| DEP4113153.3 | 1991-04-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1992018578A1 true WO1992018578A1 (en) | 1992-10-29 |
Family
ID=6430134
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US1992/002445 WO1992018578A1 (en) | 1991-04-23 | 1992-04-03 | Industrial gasket for steam application |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0581893A1 (enrdf_load_html_response) |
| JP (1) | JPH06507196A (enrdf_load_html_response) |
| DE (1) | DE4113153A1 (enrdf_load_html_response) |
| WO (1) | WO1992018578A1 (enrdf_load_html_response) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0696629A1 (en) * | 1994-08-09 | 1996-02-14 | Cytec Technology Corp. | Asbestos-free fiber reinforced material |
| GB2314569A (en) * | 1996-06-27 | 1998-01-07 | T & N Technology Ltd | Gasket paper |
| US5889082A (en) * | 1994-08-09 | 1999-03-30 | Sterling Chemicals International, Inc. | Method for manufacturing friction materials containing blends of organic fibrous and particulate components |
| US5889080A (en) * | 1994-08-09 | 1999-03-30 | Sterling Chemicals International, Inc. | Friction materials containing blends of organic fibrous and particulate components |
| US6110991A (en) * | 1994-08-09 | 2000-08-29 | Sterling Chemicals, International, Inc. | Friction materials containing blends of organic fibrous and particulate components |
| WO2001033116A1 (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2001-05-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Dry method for the manufacturing of asbestos free sealant for fuel injection pump |
| WO2002101267A1 (de) * | 2001-06-13 | 2002-12-19 | Carl Freudenberg Kg | Flachdichtung und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
| CN107814992A (zh) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-03-20 | 山东科技大学 | 一种氢化丁腈橡胶耐热体系的橡胶制品胶料及制备方法 |
| US11066587B2 (en) | 2015-01-16 | 2021-07-20 | Henkel IP & Holding GmbH | Sealant material |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4333880C2 (de) * | 1993-10-05 | 2003-03-06 | Sms Demag Ag | Rollenlagerung |
| DE19703675A1 (de) * | 1997-01-31 | 1998-08-06 | Siemens Ag | Dichtmatte sowie Gehäuse mit einer Dichtmatte |
| DE10347080A1 (de) | 2003-10-10 | 2005-05-12 | Frenzelit Werke Gmbh & Co Kg | Flachdichtungswerkstoff in Form einer faserverstärkten Folie |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0074551A2 (de) * | 1981-09-02 | 1983-03-23 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Formmassen, enthaltend Triketoimidazolidin-Präkondensate, deren Verwendung und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines dafür geeigneten Triketoimidazolidin-Präkondensat-Komposits |
| US4501841A (en) * | 1983-02-03 | 1985-02-26 | Hercules Incorporated | Elastomeric insulating materials for rocket motors |
| DE3735634A1 (de) * | 1987-10-21 | 1989-05-03 | Goetze Ag | Weichstoffflachdichtungsmaterial, insbesondere fuer zylinderkopfdichtungen |
| WO1990007664A1 (en) * | 1989-01-09 | 1990-07-12 | J.M. Clipper Corporation | Annular seal |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4792594A (en) * | 1982-12-13 | 1988-12-20 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Tetrafluoroethylene copolymers |
| US5094913A (en) * | 1989-04-13 | 1992-03-10 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Oriented, shaped articles of pulpable para-aramid/meta-aramid blends |
-
1991
- 1991-04-23 DE DE19914113153 patent/DE4113153A1/de active Granted
-
1992
- 1992-04-03 JP JP4511714A patent/JPH06507196A/ja active Pending
- 1992-04-03 WO PCT/US1992/002445 patent/WO1992018578A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-04-03 EP EP19920913319 patent/EP0581893A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0074551A2 (de) * | 1981-09-02 | 1983-03-23 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Formmassen, enthaltend Triketoimidazolidin-Präkondensate, deren Verwendung und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines dafür geeigneten Triketoimidazolidin-Präkondensat-Komposits |
| US4501841A (en) * | 1983-02-03 | 1985-02-26 | Hercules Incorporated | Elastomeric insulating materials for rocket motors |
| DE3735634A1 (de) * | 1987-10-21 | 1989-05-03 | Goetze Ag | Weichstoffflachdichtungsmaterial, insbesondere fuer zylinderkopfdichtungen |
| WO1990007664A1 (en) * | 1989-01-09 | 1990-07-12 | J.M. Clipper Corporation | Annular seal |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN 17 November 1988 & JP,A,63 162 727 ( HONDA ) 6 July 1988 * |
| WORLD PATENTS INDEX LATEST Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; AN 88-245782 & JP,A,63 178 149 (NIPPON OIL) 22 July 1988 * |
| WORLD PATENTS INDEX LATEST Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; AN 90-070464 & JP,A,2 022 376 (NICHIAS CORP.) 25 January 1990 * |
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6110991A (en) * | 1994-08-09 | 2000-08-29 | Sterling Chemicals, International, Inc. | Friction materials containing blends of organic fibrous and particulate components |
| US5889082A (en) * | 1994-08-09 | 1999-03-30 | Sterling Chemicals International, Inc. | Method for manufacturing friction materials containing blends of organic fibrous and particulate components |
| US5889080A (en) * | 1994-08-09 | 1999-03-30 | Sterling Chemicals International, Inc. | Friction materials containing blends of organic fibrous and particulate components |
| US5919837A (en) * | 1994-08-09 | 1999-07-06 | Sterling Chemicals International, Inc. | Friction materials containing blends of organic fibrous and particulate components |
| EP0696629A1 (en) * | 1994-08-09 | 1996-02-14 | Cytec Technology Corp. | Asbestos-free fiber reinforced material |
| GB2314569A (en) * | 1996-06-27 | 1998-01-07 | T & N Technology Ltd | Gasket paper |
| GB2314569B (en) * | 1996-06-27 | 2000-01-26 | T & N Technology Ltd | Gasket paper |
| GB2373300B (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2003-06-25 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Dry method for the manufacturing of asbestos free sealant for fuel injection pump |
| GB2373300A (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2002-09-18 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Dry method for the manufacturing of asbestos free sealant for fuel injection pump |
| WO2001033116A1 (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2001-05-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Dry method for the manufacturing of asbestos free sealant for fuel injection pump |
| WO2002101267A1 (de) * | 2001-06-13 | 2002-12-19 | Carl Freudenberg Kg | Flachdichtung und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
| US7309520B2 (en) | 2001-06-13 | 2007-12-18 | Carl Freudenberg Kg | Flat packing and method for the production thereof |
| US11066587B2 (en) | 2015-01-16 | 2021-07-20 | Henkel IP & Holding GmbH | Sealant material |
| CN107814992A (zh) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-03-20 | 山东科技大学 | 一种氢化丁腈橡胶耐热体系的橡胶制品胶料及制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE4113153C2 (enrdf_load_html_response) | 1993-04-15 |
| JPH06507196A (ja) | 1994-08-11 |
| DE4113153A1 (de) | 1992-10-29 |
| EP0581893A1 (en) | 1994-02-09 |
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