WO1992017813A1 - Systeme electro-optique - Google Patents

Systeme electro-optique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1992017813A1
WO1992017813A1 PCT/EP1991/000636 EP9100636W WO9217813A1 WO 1992017813 A1 WO1992017813 A1 WO 1992017813A1 EP 9100636 W EP9100636 W EP 9100636W WO 9217813 A1 WO9217813 A1 WO 9217813A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
angle
crystal layer
layer
layers
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1991/000636
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bernhard Scheuble
Günter BAUR
Waltraud Fehrenbach
Barbara Weber
Original Assignee
MERCK Patent Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MERCK Patent Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung filed Critical MERCK Patent Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung
Priority to DE59108888T priority Critical patent/DE59108888D1/de
Priority to EP91916544A priority patent/EP0619029B1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP1991/000636 priority patent/WO1992017813A1/fr
Priority to JP51573991A priority patent/JP3288697B2/ja
Publication of WO1992017813A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992017813A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
    • G02F1/1396—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
    • G02F1/13471—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells in which all the liquid crystal cells or layers remain transparent, e.g. FLC, ECB, DAP, HAN, TN, STN, SBE-LC cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G02F1/133531—Polarisers characterised by the arrangement of polariser or analyser axes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
    • G02F1/1393—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the birefringence of the liquid crystal being electrically controlled, e.g. ECB-, DAP-, HAN-, PI-LC cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
    • G02F1/1396—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell
    • G02F1/1398—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell the twist being below 90°
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
    • G02F2413/08—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates with a particular optical axis orientation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electro-optical system according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Important values for assessing the optical properties of electro-optical systems are the values obtained for
  • TN displays (twisted nematic) were operated in the so-called Maugin range (d ⁇ ⁇ n >> ⁇ ), as indicated, for example, in IEEE-Transaction and Electron Devices, 2b (1978), 1125-1137.
  • Maugin range (d ⁇ ⁇ n >> ⁇ )
  • the polarization vector of the incident light in the visible spectral range follows the screw structure of the uncontrolled cell, regardless of thickness fluctuations in the cell.
  • displays of this type have an extremely high dependence on the viewing angle of the contrast and thus a greatly restricted viewing angle range. A decisive improvement in the viewing angle dependency of the contrast is observed if the system for the
  • Liquid crystal has a value from the interval specified in DE 30 22 218 0.150 ⁇ m ⁇ d ⁇ ⁇ n ⁇ 0.600 ⁇ m. It is disadvantageous that in the sub-Maugin range according to Electronics Letters, 10 (1974), 2-4, a blocking behavior which depends on cell thickness and wavelength results, which can result in a certain brightening of the voltage-free state.
  • the liquid crystal molecules have a negative dielectric anisotropy ⁇ , a homeotropic edge orientation and an untwisted structure, e.g. in Displays 2 (1986), 3.
  • compensation layers have been proposed which are based on polymer films
  • the object of the present invention was therefore to provide electro-optical systems based on the TN or ECB effect and containing one or more compensation layers, which are characterized by improved electro-optical properties and in particular high values for contrast and / or brightness and / or viewing angle dependency of contrast and / or the color values.
  • the invention thus relates to electro-optical systems containing
  • a twisted nematic liquid crystal layer between two substrates, the inner sides of which are provided with electrode layers and overlying orientation layers, the liquid crystal having a parallel edge orientation and a twist angle 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 100 ° and in particular 0 ⁇ ⁇ 90 ° or a homeotropic edge orientation,
  • ⁇ ß / 2 ⁇ 10 ° (2) where the polarizer on the output side is rotated by 90 ° ⁇ 10 ° compared to the polarizer on the input side and the orientation of the polarizers on the input side and the output side can also be reversed, or the conditions (3) or (4) is sufficient if only one
  • Polymerization device is present on the input side
  • ⁇ ß / 2 given angles ⁇ are possible.
  • angles of 90 ° deviations of up to ⁇ 10 ° are possible.
  • the deviations from the optimal rotation of the rear polarizer are preferably not greater than ⁇ 7.5 ° and in particular less than ⁇ 5 °.
  • orientations of the front and rear polarizers can also be interchanged; i.e. in other words, if ⁇ gives the orientation of the polarizer on the input side and ⁇ 'the orientation of the polarizer on the output side, in another arrangement the orientation of the polarizer on the input side can be given by ⁇ ' and that of the polarizer on the output side be given by ⁇ . Both the arrangements described by equations (1) and (2) and the arrangements given by interchanging the polarizer orientations are preferred.
  • the electro-optical systems according to the invention contain a controllable liquid crystal layer, which is arranged between plane-parallel, transparent substrates, the inside of which sides are provided with electrode layers and overlying orientation layers.
  • the electrodes consist, for example, of thin, flat and transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium oxide layers.
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • polymer layers are generally used, for example
  • Polyimide or polyvinyl alcohol layers are used, which are given a uniform alignment by rubbing, if appropriate with simultaneous application of pressure.
  • orientation layers can also be formed by vapor deposition with inorganic materials such as Silicon oxide or magnesium fluoride can be obtained.
  • inorganic materials such as Silicon oxide or magnesium fluoride
  • the liquid crystals have a parallel edge orientation, usually with a small pretilt angle in the
  • the liquid crystal layer is based on the ECB principle, there is a homeotropic edge orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, the molecules usually having a small pretilt angle of e.g. Are tilted 0.5-5 ° against the vertical.
  • the twist angle is between 0 ° and 100 ° and in particular between 0 ° and 90 °
  • Liquid crystal is given. Even if the twist angle is not set via the pitch of the liquid crystal, a chiral dopant is generally added in small concentrations to avoid reverse twist and reverse tilt, as described, for example, in DE 25 07 524. In conventional ECB liquid crystal layers, the liquid crystal molecules are essentially untwisted.
  • the ECB liquid crystal plate can have a twist of 0 ° ⁇ 90 90 °, the twist angle ⁇ being able to be defined by the orientation of the orientation layers and / or by the cholesteric pitch of the liquid crystal.
  • ECB liquid crystal layers with a twisted structure like electro-optical systems containing such an ECB liquid crystal layer, are new and preferred and they are the subject of this invention.
  • the electro-optical systems according to the invention can contain one or more, preferably not more than 2, and in particular a compensation layer.
  • the compensation layers can be based on low molecular weight liquid crystals, liquid crystalline polymers or thermoplastic polymers, e.g. stretched two-dimensionally and thus made optically uniaxial.
  • compensation layers is based on a well known physical principle, e.g. is also implemented in the Babinet-Soleil compensator.
  • Linearly polarized light, the direction of polarization of which does not point in the direction of the optical axis, is split into an ordinary and an extraordinary beam in the first medium. Because the optical
  • the optical Path difference in the first medium is d ⁇ (n e -n o ), in the second medium d ⁇ (n o -n e ), so that the total difference is 0 and that the system consisting of the two optical uniaxial media has no birefringence.
  • Electro-optical systems with TN liquid crystal layer according to the invention can e.g. contain one or more, but in particular a compensation layer, which is based on low molecular weight nematic liquid crystal layers.
  • the indicatrix of nematic liquid crystal molecules is a three-axis ellipsoid, the refractive index belonging to the long axis of the molecule being large compared to the other two.
  • the liquid-crystalline compensation layer like the liquid-crystal layer used to display information, is arranged between plane-parallel substrates provided with orientation layers. Since control of the compensation layer is generally dispensed with, there are usually no electrode layers; However, configurations with electrode layers are also possible. Preferably, one of the is to increase the transmission Liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystalline compensation layer common middle substrate used. However, two separate medium substrates can also be used.
  • the liquid crystal in the compensation layer is preferably in a twisted structure, the twist angle given by the orientation of the orientation layers and / or by the cholesteric pitch of the liquid crystal being in particular opposite to the twist angle ⁇ of the liquid crystal layer.
  • the absolute amounts of the twist angles are preferably chosen to be essentially the same size; however, larger deviations are also possible.
  • the angle between the orientations of the orientation layers of the liquid crystal molecules on the two sides of the middle substrate common to the liquid crystalline compensation layer and the liquid crystal layer or on the lower substrate of the upper and the upper substrate of the lower layer is between 30 ° and 150 °, but preferably between 50 ° and 130 ° and in particular essentially 90 °.
  • Electro-optical systems according to the invention with a TN liquid crystal layer can also have one or more, in particular, however, a compensation layer which is based on a liquid crystalline polymer.
  • a compensation layer which is based on a liquid crystalline polymer.
  • Electro-optical systems according to the invention with a TN liquid crystal layer may further preferably also have one or more, but in particular a compensation layer, which are based on an optically negative medium with 3 optical refractive indices.
  • the optical axis corresponding to the smallest refractive index can be oriented essentially parallel to the electrode surfaces, the angle between the optical axis corresponding to the smallest refractive index and the electrode surface being 0 ⁇ 2 2 °.
  • the electro-optical axis corresponding to the smallest refractive index forms an angle with the electrode surface of 2 ° ⁇ ⁇ 60 °, so that the angle between the optical axes of the controllable liquid crystal layer and the compensation layer during application and startup a voltage across the controllable liquid crystal layer passes through a minimum.
  • the range 5 ° ⁇ 45 45 ° and particularly the range 5 ° ganz ⁇ 25 25 ° is particularly preferred for ⁇ .
  • the plane spanned by the other two refractive indices of the compensation medium forms with the directors of the liquid crystal molecules of the TN layer on both sides of the middle substrate common to the compensation layer and the TN liquid crystal layer or on the lower substrate of the upper and the upper substrate of the lower layer in the substrate plane an angle which is between 30 ° and 150 °, but preferably between 50 ° and 130 ° and in particular essentially 90 °.
  • a uniaxial, optically negative compensation medium which has an axis of symmetry which is essentially parallel to the extraordinary axis and forms an angle between 0 ° ⁇ 60 60 ° with the substrate plates, with ⁇ in the range 2 ° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 60 ° oriented as stated above.
  • Such compensation layers are new and preferred and they are the subject of this invention.
  • Uniaxial, optically negative compensation layers are preferably based on low-molecular discotic and / or cholesteric molecules, which can be oriented essentially homeotropically or can also be arranged tilted.
  • low-molecular discotic and / or cholesteric molecules which can be oriented essentially homeotropically or can also be arranged tilted.
  • cholesteric molecules which are more or less flat, two-dimensional, e.g.
  • the substrate surface can e.g. with lecitin, quaternary ammonium compounds such as HTAB (US 3,694,053), silane compounds (Appl. Phys.
  • An essentially homeotropic orientation means that the surface normal of the plane spanned by the two larger refractive indices runs essentially parallel to the electrode surface or forms a small angle with it, e.g. forms less than 2 ° ("upright disks"), while this surface normal with a tilted arrangement of the
  • Liquid crystal layer initially decreases when a voltage is applied to the controllable liquid crystal layer, passes through a minimum (zero crossing) and then rises again.
  • a series of discotic liquid-crystalline compounds may be mentioned by way of example
  • Discotic liquid crystals which have a nematic discotic phase ND are preferred.
  • the arrangement of the molecules in the nematic discotic phase is less rigid.
  • the molecules can rotate freely and can orient themselves more or less freely, but their planes are arranged parallel to one another on average. Cholestrically nematic discotic phases N D * can also be used.
  • An optically negative compensation layer can also be approximated by a sequence of optically positive layers, their orientation changing from layer to layer.
  • an arrangement according to the invention is shown schematically in FIG.
  • the total layer thickness of the compensation layer and the nematic liquid crystals used in the controlled layer and in the compensation layer are chosen so that the optical thickness of the compensation layer is 2 d ⁇ ⁇ n twice that of the controlled one
  • the use of the same liquid crystal has the advantage that the driven liquid crystal layer and the compensation layer have the same dispersion and the same temperature dependence of birefringence and dispersion.
  • the arrangement of FIG. 17 is between 2
  • the compensation layer shown in FIG. 17 consists of 8 cells with a thickness of 2 ⁇ m, which are the same
  • Liquid crystal as the controllable liquid crystal layer are filled.
  • such an arrangement is generally not preferred in practice due to the high number of substrates and orientation layers required, etc. on the one hand because of the high structural effort involved in the production of the
  • Total transmission. 17 is only intended to illustrate the principle of such a compensation layer, and it is
  • the layers of monomeric nematic liquid crystals or in combination with them films of liquid-crystalline polymers, the mesogenic groups of which are oriented accordingly, and / or films of isotropic polymer material which are correspondingly axially stretched, can be stacked on top of one another.
  • Liquid crystalline polymeric compensation films and compensation layers obtained by stretching thermoplastic polymers are briefly described below.
  • the compensation layer consists of a sequence of optically positive layers, the optical axis of two successive layers forming an angle between 60 ° and 120 ° and in particular 80 ° and 100 ° and in particular essentially are perpendicular to each other.
  • the compensation layer preferably consists of at least 2 and in particular not less than 4 layers; compensation layers of at least 8 successive layers are very particularly preferred.
  • Compensation layers preferably have an even number of successive layers.
  • liquid crystal molecules or mesogenic groups in liquid crystalline polymers contained in the individual layers of the compensation layer can be untwisted or twisted, the twisting preferably being selected in accordance with that of the controllable liquid crystal layer.
  • the optical thickness of the compensation layer is preferably at least 1.5 times and in particular at least 1.8 times the optical thickness of the controllable liquid crystal layer.
  • the orientation of the first layer of the compensation layer following the controllable liquid crystal layer is not very critical.
  • a compensation layer can also be used, the first layer of which is oriented homeotropically or essentially homeotropically.
  • the angle that the liquid crystal molecules of the controllable liquid crystal layer and the adjacent layer of the compensation layer form in the substrate plane in arrangements analogous to FIG. 17 is preferably between 30 ° and 150 °, in particular between 50 ° and 130 ° and very particularly essentially 90 ° (Fig. 17); in other arrangements, the person skilled in the art can select suitable orientations of the parallel-oriented nematic molecules in a controllable manner
  • optically negative compensation layers can be excellently approximated by such a stack of successive, optically positive layers with differently oriented optical axes. With a sequence of at least 8 optically positive layers, the properties of an optically negative compensation layer are practically achieved and, if more layers are used, an improvement can sometimes even be achieved in comparison with an optically negative compensation layer.
  • Such altogether optically negative compensation layers consisting of a stack of optically positive layers are new and the subject of this invention.
  • liquid-crystalline side-chain polymers which have cholesteric and / or discotic groups as the mesogenic residue (cf., for example, also DE-PS 34 30 482), for example those of the just mentioned discotic, but also other cholesteric or discotic Connections can be derived.
  • liquid-crystalline side chain polymers with board-like mesogenic groups An essentially homeotropic orientation of the mesogenic groups is usually achieved by exposing the polymer to an electrical and / or magnetic field and / or a mechanical stress above the glass transition temperature. The orientation induced in this way can be frozen by cooling the polymer below the glass temperature while the field is switched on or while maintaining the mechanical tension.
  • the viewing angle dependency of the contrast can be improved if the optically negative compensation layer has a tilted orientation, ie if the axis corresponding to the smallest refractive index forms an angle ⁇ with the electrode surface.
  • the angle ⁇ is preferably between 2 and 60 °, in particular between 5 and 45 ° and very particularly between 5 ° and 25 ° and is preferably oriented so that the angle between the nematic director of the
  • Liquid crystal molecules of the controllable liquid crystal layer i.e. the optical axis of the controllable
  • Liquid crystal layer and the axis corresponding to the smallest refraction on the axis initially reduced with increasing voltage, and then increased again after passing through a minimum (zero crossing).
  • the optical axis corresponding to the smallest refractive index forms an angle with the electrode surface of approximately 15 ° so that the angle between the preferred direction of the nematic directors and the axis corresponding to the smallest refractive index initially decreases with increasing voltage, and then after passing through a minimum ( Zero crossing) to become larger again.
  • FIG. 21 shows the electro-optical characteristic curve for the system described in FIG. 19; one recognizes that the electro-optical characteristic is practically not impaired by the fact that the optimal blocking state does not coincide with the de-energized state.
  • Electro-optical systems which have a controllable nematic liquid crystal layer with 0 ° ß 100 100 ° and in particular 0 ß 90 90 ° and an optically negative, tilt-oriented component layer are new.
  • Systems are preferred in which the polarizer orientations are additionally given by equations (1) or (2) or (3) or (4).
  • the compensation layer can be on disc-shaped molecules such as e.g. Discotes are based or on other biaxial or uniaxial, optically negative compensation layers. Furthermore, it is also possible, in particular, for the compensation layer to be approximated by one of the stacks of optically positive layers described above with different orientations.
  • electro-optical systems according to the invention with a TN liquid crystal layer can also have one or more, but in particular a compensation layer, which is based on a thermoplastic polymer material, e.g. based on polycarbonate, polyvinyl alcohol or polyethylene terephthalate and aligned axially with the desired orientation; such films are e.g. in EP 0,315,484.
  • a compensation layer which is based on a thermoplastic polymer material, e.g. based on polycarbonate, polyvinyl alcohol or polyethylene terephthalate and aligned axially with the desired orientation; such films are e.g. in EP 0,315,484.
  • the compensation layer can also be omitted in the electro-optical systems according to the invention.
  • Systems of this type which are referred to as uncompensated LTN systems (low twisted nematic), are new, preferred and the subject of the present invention.
  • Electro-optical systems according to the invention with an ECB liquid crystal layer have one or more compensation layers, in particular, however, a compensation layer which is based on thermoplastic polymers, low molecular weight liquid crystals and / or liquid crystalline polymers.
  • a compensation layer which is based on thermoplastic polymers, low molecular weight liquid crystals and / or liquid crystalline polymers.
  • Such compensation layers are described in detail in the literature (e.g. DE 39 11 620, DE 39 19 397, EP 0.240.379 and EP 0.239.433).
  • the electro-optical systems according to the invention further have at least one device for linear polarization of the light in such an arrangement that the light passes through a linear polarizer at least once before it enters the liquid crystal layer and after it exits it.
  • a linear polarizer on both sides of the display; these usually consist of foils that are glued to the substrate plates.
  • Such an arrangement can be operated transmissively or also reflectively or transflectively; in reflective or transflective systems is behind the polarizer facing away from the light source a reflector or a reflector and an additional one
  • Lighting device attached see e.g. E. Kaneko, Liquid Crystal TV Display, KTK Scientific Publishers, Tokyo, 1987, p. 25 and p. 30.
  • only one device for linear polarization of the light is used.
  • An example is the reflective device shown in FIG. 2, in which the light entering or leaving the cell sees the McNeil prism used as the polarizer as a combination of two polarizers rotated by 90 ° with respect to one another.
  • Such a reflective arrangement is e.g. particularly interesting for projection displays.
  • the structure of the electro-optical systems according to the invention described so far is essentially based on the design customary for such systems.
  • the term customary construction is broadly encompassed and includes all modifications and modifications not explicitly mentioned here. Where new and inventive elements or significant design deviations are mentioned in the structure of the electro-optical systems according to the invention described so far, these are explicitly identified as belonging to the subject matter of the invention.
  • ⁇ ß / 2 ⁇ 10 ° (2) where the polarizer on the output side is rotated by 90 ° ⁇ 10 ° compared to the polarizer on the input side and the orientations of the polarizers on the input side and the output side can also be interchanged, or if there is only one polarization device on the input side
  • a non-compensated TN cell is considered, since the transmission for a TN cell with a compensation layer is minimal with crossed polarizers in the non-activated state regardless of the optical anisotropy ⁇ n and the transmission of a compensated system is essentially different from the transmission of the non-activated ones Compensation layer depends.
  • the system has two polarization devices, the rear polarizer being rotated by 90 ° with respect to the front. The transmission or the brightness depends very much on the polarizer position and is for
  • ⁇ 45 °, which is more than 13% smaller than the optimal one.
  • the deviation of the actually set angle ⁇ from the optimal value given by the above equation should generally Do not exceed ⁇ 10 ° and preferably 10% and in particular ⁇ 7.5% and very particularly ⁇ 5%.
  • electro-optical systems preferably contain liquid crystals with a birefringence 0.035 ⁇ ⁇ n 0,0 0.010 and the layer thickness of the liquid crystal layer and the compensation layer is preferably 3 ⁇ m d d 7 7 ⁇ m. Electro-optical systems with the following parameter combinations are very particularly preferred:
  • the liquid crystal layer and the compensation layer preferably have essentially the same values for the birefringence and the layer thickness.
  • the conventional TN system has a twist angle of 90 ° and is operated at the 1st transmission minimum; the layer thickness of the TN liquid crystal layer is 8 ⁇ m and the pretilt angle is 1 °.
  • the configuration of the electro-optical system according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 5.
  • the angle ⁇ , which the front polarizer forms with the direction of orientation of the directors of the liquid crystal molecules on the uppermost substrate plate (-Y axis), is 56.25 °.
  • the rear polarizer is rotated by 90 ° compared to the front.
  • Information display used TN layer is 8 ⁇ m and the pretilt angle is 1 °.
  • FIG. 4b shows the dependence of the transmission on the viewing angle 0 for the cells described in FIG.
  • the dependence of the transmission I and / or the dependence of the contrast on the wavelength of the light can be reduced or even largely compensated for by using a lamp with a suitable spectral distribution for illuminating the system.
  • the spectral distribution of the light emitted by the lamp can be influenced, for example, by a suitable choice of the phosphors and adapted to the wavelength dependence of the transmission, the. Intensity of the lamp light, for example, in wavelength ranges in which the system shows a high transmission. is weakened and vice versa.
  • Electro-optical systems according to the invention for which the lamp has such a spectral distribution that the dependence of the transmission and / or the viewing angle dependence of the contrast is as small as possible, are preferred and the subject of this invention.
  • a comparison of the transmission lines in FIGS. 8a and 8b shows that the systems according to the invention also have a significantly better viewing angle dependency of the contrast compared to compensated conventional systems.
  • a uniaxial, optically negative polymer film produced by the process described in EP 0,240,379 is used as the compensation layer.
  • the examined polarizer positions are shown in FIG. 10 and labeled a1-a4.
  • Conventional, untwisted ECB displays usually have the polarizer configuration al or a3, while the configurations a2 or a4 are given by equation (2) and are used in the systems according to the invention.
  • FIG. 9 shows the transmission as a function of the voltage for the different polarizer configurations.
  • FIG. 11 An even more significant difference in the transmission is observed when an electro-optical system with an ECB liquid crystal layer with a twist angle of 90 ° and a compensation layer is operated on the one hand with a conventional and on the other hand with an improved polarizer configuration (FIG. 11).
  • the polarizer arrangement used is shown in a matching manner in FIG. 12 and is designated b1-b4; bl and b3 are the conventional and b2 and b4 are the polarizer configurations optimized according to the present invention, wherein the arrangement of polarizer and analyzer is interchanged. While a dark display results from a conventional arrangement, favorable values for the transmission can be found with an optimized polarizer configuration.
  • the ECB systems according to the invention are further characterized by favorable values for the viewing angle dependence of the contrast, i.a. the viewing angle dependency of the contrast is only slightly influenced by the polarizer position.
  • the viewing angle dependency of the contrast can, however, be improved substantially both for conventional and for ECB systems according to the invention if the optical path difference is used both for the information display
  • Liquid crystal layer and the compensation layer d ⁇ ⁇ n ⁇ 0.4 ⁇ m and in particular d ⁇ ⁇ n ⁇ 0.3 ⁇ m is selected.
  • Conventional and inventive ECB systems with such optical path differences are preferred and the subject of this invention.
  • Figure 13 shows isocontrast curves for a conventional compensated ECB system.
  • a uniaxial, optically negative polymer film produced by the process described in EP 0,240,379 can be used as the compensation layer.
  • There is a polarizer on the input and output side, where ⁇ 45 ° and the rear polarizer is rotated by 90 ° compared to the front one. Isocontrast lines for contrast values of 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 are shown.
  • a uniaxial, optically negative polymer film is used as the compensation layer.
  • the isocontrast lines for the optimized system are shown in FIG. 15. A comparison with those shown in FIG. 16
  • Isocontrast lines for the system described in FIG. 9 with the polarisaotr configuration a2 shows that the viewing angle dependence of the contrast can be significantly improved by reducing the optical path difference d ⁇ ⁇ n.
  • the electro-optical systems according to the invention are distinguished from conventional ones by improved electro-optical properties and in particular high contrast and / or high transmission and / or high viewing angle independence of the contrast and / or the color values, so that they are of considerable economic importance.
  • Thickness of the liquid crystal layer and compensation layer each 8 ⁇ m
  • Twist angle ß 90 °
  • Twist angle ß 90 °
  • Twist angle ß 22.5 °
  • Twist angle ß 90 °
  • Twist angle ß 22.5 °
  • Twist angle ß 90 °
  • Twist angle ß 22.5 °
  • Twist angle ß 90 °
  • Twist angle ß 22.5 °
  • Twist angle ß 0 °
  • Thickness ⁇ 8 ⁇ m
  • Thickness ⁇ 2 ⁇ m
  • twist angle ß 0o
  • Thickness ⁇ 8 ⁇ m

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système électro-optique selon la définition donnée à la revendication 1, dans lequel l'angle γ, qui est formé par le dispositif de polarisation du côté entrée avec les directeurs des molécules de cristaux liquides de la première surface de substrat, est optimisé pour obtenir un contraste élevé et/ou une grande luminosité , et/ou une grande indépendance du contraste et/ou de la valeur chromatique par rapport à l'angle optique.
PCT/EP1991/000636 1990-04-03 1991-04-03 Systeme electro-optique WO1992017813A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE59108888T DE59108888D1 (de) 1990-04-03 1991-04-03 Elektrooptisches system
EP91916544A EP0619029B1 (fr) 1990-04-03 1991-04-03 Systeme electro-optique
PCT/EP1991/000636 WO1992017813A1 (fr) 1991-04-03 1991-04-03 Systeme electro-optique
JP51573991A JP3288697B2 (ja) 1991-04-03 1991-04-06 電気光学系

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP1991/000636 WO1992017813A1 (fr) 1991-04-03 1991-04-03 Systeme electro-optique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1992017813A1 true WO1992017813A1 (fr) 1992-10-15

Family

ID=8165577

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1991/000636 WO1992017813A1 (fr) 1990-04-03 1991-04-03 Systeme electro-optique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
JP (1) JP3288697B2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1992017813A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0529813A2 (fr) * 1991-07-29 1993-03-03 Nippon Oil Co., Ltd. Compensateur pour un afficheur à cristal liquide
EP0614168A1 (fr) * 1993-03-04 1994-09-07 Tektronix, Inc. Structure d'adressage électro-optique ayant une sensibilité réduite à la diaphonie
WO1996018931A1 (fr) * 1994-12-15 1996-06-20 Sagem S.A. Afficheur a cristaux liquides a matrice active
EP0793133A2 (fr) * 1996-02-28 1997-09-03 Fujitsu Limited Dispositif d'affichage à cristal liquide fonctionnant dans un mode d'orientation verticale
EP1103839A2 (fr) * 1992-06-26 2001-05-30 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. Dispositif d'affichage à cristal liquide nématique en hélice
EP1207408A2 (fr) * 1993-09-22 2002-05-22 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Dispositif d'affichage à cristal liquide

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI381217B (zh) * 2008-06-27 2013-01-01 Chimei Innolux Corp 液晶顯示面板

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2154016A (en) * 1984-02-01 1985-08-29 Hitachi Ltd Liquid crystal display device
US4786147A (en) * 1984-07-26 1988-11-22 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Nematic liquid cell weakly doped by a chiral solute and of the type having electrically controlled birefringence
EP0297841A2 (fr) * 1987-06-30 1989-01-04 Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited Films polyméres à retard de phase et dispositifs polarisants utilisants de tels films
EP0349900A2 (fr) * 1988-07-04 1990-01-10 Stanley Electric Co., Ltd. Dispositif d'affichage comprenant un cristal liquide nématique twisté
US4896947A (en) * 1986-10-24 1990-01-30 Hoffman-La Roche Inc. Liquid crystal display cell
EP0371797A2 (fr) * 1988-11-30 1990-06-06 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif d'affichage à cristal liquide
EP0379315A2 (fr) * 1989-01-19 1990-07-25 Seiko Epson Corporation Dispositif d'affichage électro-optique à cristal liquide
US4952030A (en) * 1987-09-04 1990-08-28 Asahi Glass Company, Ltd. Liquid crystal display device with a 50°-80° twist angle
DE3911620A1 (de) * 1989-04-08 1990-10-18 Merck Patent Gmbh Elektrooptische fluessigkristallanzeige nach dem ecb-prinzip
WO1990016005A1 (fr) * 1989-06-14 1990-12-27 MERCK Patent Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Systeme electro-optique avec film de compensation

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2154016A (en) * 1984-02-01 1985-08-29 Hitachi Ltd Liquid crystal display device
US4786147A (en) * 1984-07-26 1988-11-22 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Nematic liquid cell weakly doped by a chiral solute and of the type having electrically controlled birefringence
US4896947A (en) * 1986-10-24 1990-01-30 Hoffman-La Roche Inc. Liquid crystal display cell
EP0297841A2 (fr) * 1987-06-30 1989-01-04 Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited Films polyméres à retard de phase et dispositifs polarisants utilisants de tels films
US4952030A (en) * 1987-09-04 1990-08-28 Asahi Glass Company, Ltd. Liquid crystal display device with a 50°-80° twist angle
EP0349900A2 (fr) * 1988-07-04 1990-01-10 Stanley Electric Co., Ltd. Dispositif d'affichage comprenant un cristal liquide nématique twisté
EP0371797A2 (fr) * 1988-11-30 1990-06-06 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif d'affichage à cristal liquide
EP0379315A2 (fr) * 1989-01-19 1990-07-25 Seiko Epson Corporation Dispositif d'affichage électro-optique à cristal liquide
DE3911620A1 (de) * 1989-04-08 1990-10-18 Merck Patent Gmbh Elektrooptische fluessigkristallanzeige nach dem ecb-prinzip
WO1990016005A1 (fr) * 1989-06-14 1990-12-27 MERCK Patent Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Systeme electro-optique avec film de compensation

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0529813A2 (fr) * 1991-07-29 1993-03-03 Nippon Oil Co., Ltd. Compensateur pour un afficheur à cristal liquide
EP0529813A3 (en) * 1991-07-29 1993-11-03 Nippon Oil Co Ltd Compensator for a liquid crystal display
EP1103839A2 (fr) * 1992-06-26 2001-05-30 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. Dispositif d'affichage à cristal liquide nématique en hélice
EP1103839A3 (fr) * 1992-06-26 2001-08-22 THOMSON multimedia Dispositif d'affichage à cristal liquide nématique en hélice
EP0614168A1 (fr) * 1993-03-04 1994-09-07 Tektronix, Inc. Structure d'adressage électro-optique ayant une sensibilité réduite à la diaphonie
EP1207408A2 (fr) * 1993-09-22 2002-05-22 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Dispositif d'affichage à cristal liquide
EP1207408A3 (fr) * 1993-09-22 2003-08-06 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Dispositif d'affichage à cristal liquide
WO1996018931A1 (fr) * 1994-12-15 1996-06-20 Sagem S.A. Afficheur a cristaux liquides a matrice active
FR2728358A1 (fr) * 1994-12-15 1996-06-21 Sagem Afficheur a cristaux liquides a matrice active
EP0793133A2 (fr) * 1996-02-28 1997-09-03 Fujitsu Limited Dispositif d'affichage à cristal liquide fonctionnant dans un mode d'orientation verticale
EP0793133B1 (fr) * 1996-02-28 2008-07-02 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif d'affichage à cristal liquide fonctionnant dans un mode d'orientation verticale

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP3288697B2 (ja) 2002-06-04
JP2000516728A (ja) 2000-12-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE69733987T2 (de) Kompensator
DE69634767T2 (de) Flüssigkristallvorrichtung und ihre Herstellungsverfahren
EP0045104B1 (fr) Affichage nématique homéotrope comportant un réflecteur interne
EP0689084B1 (fr) Composant optique comprenant des couches en monomères liquides cristallins réticulés et procédé de sa production
EP0131216B1 (fr) Affichage à cristaux liquides
DE69933364T2 (de) Farbfilterschicht mit cholesterisch geordnetem Material und eine mit solch einer Farbfilterschicht versehene reflektierende Flüssigkristallanzeige
DE102004031440B4 (de) Kompensationsfilm, Herstellverfahren für einen solchen sowie LCD unter Verwendung eines solchen
EP0756193B1 (fr) Procédé d'obtention d'angles d'inclinaison dans des couches de réseaux de polymères photo-orientés
DE69432654T2 (de) Flüssigkristall-Anzeige und -vorrichtung
DE69334144T2 (de) Phasendifferenz-Platte und Flüssigkristallanzeigevorrichtung
DE69435092T2 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung einer optischen Kompensationsfolie
DE69835470T2 (de) Breitbandige cholesterische optische Vorrichtung, Polarisator, Filter, Flüssigkristallvorrichtung und polarisierender Strahlteiler
WO1991010936A1 (fr) Element de circuit electro-optique a cristaux liquides
WO2014016403A1 (fr) Grille de polarisation pour angles d'incidence obliques
EP0525473A2 (fr) Dispositif d'affichage avec une cellule à cristal liquide
WO1991006889A1 (fr) Dispositifs de commande d'eclairage a cristaux liquides
DE3911620A1 (de) Elektrooptische fluessigkristallanzeige nach dem ecb-prinzip
DE60021399T2 (de) Flüssigkristallvorrichtung und Display
DE3614113C2 (fr)
DE69531284T2 (de) Flüssigkristall-anzeigevorrichtung und verzögerungsfolie
DE69633546T2 (de) Flüssigkristallanzeigevorrichtung und verzögerungsfilm
DE69333901T2 (de) Flüssigkristallanzeige
WO1992017813A1 (fr) Systeme electro-optique
EP0619029B1 (fr) Systeme electro-optique
DE60002037T2 (de) Verfahren zum erzeugen einer bevorzugten ausrichtung in flüssigkristallzellen

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1991916544

Country of ref document: EP

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref country code: JP

Ref document number: 1991 515739

Kind code of ref document: A

Format of ref document f/p: F

AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): JP US

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LU NL SE

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1991916544

Country of ref document: EP

WWG Wipo information: grant in national office

Ref document number: 1991916544

Country of ref document: EP