WO1992015893A1 - Indicateur de l'etat de charge d'une batterie - Google Patents

Indicateur de l'etat de charge d'une batterie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1992015893A1
WO1992015893A1 PCT/DE1992/000098 DE9200098W WO9215893A1 WO 1992015893 A1 WO1992015893 A1 WO 1992015893A1 DE 9200098 W DE9200098 W DE 9200098W WO 9215893 A1 WO9215893 A1 WO 9215893A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
arrangement according
circuit arrangement
circuit
voltage
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1992/000098
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Arnim Fiebig
Ross Green
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO1992015893A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992015893A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
    • G01R31/3648—Constructional arrangements comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3828—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC using current integration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
    • H02J7/00718—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current in response to charge current gradient

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circuit arrangement for displaying the state of charge of a rechargeable battery according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • EP-00 71 816 (AI) already discloses a method and a device for measuring the state of charge of a motor vehicle battery, in which the battery voltage is measured under load. During the starting process of the engine, the battery is loaded with the starter current. In this time phase, the battery voltage is measured and fed to an evaluation circuit. The evaluation circuit generates a current pulse with a constant amplitude, the length of which is a function of the battery terminal voltage. The current pulse is placed in a memory component which stores the amount of charge.
  • a shunt resistance measures charging or discharging currents which occur during the loading of the battery and which are supplied to the memory component with the correct sign. Adding the stored currents results in a control signal that can be used for comparison with a limit value for visual display.
  • the measured terminal voltage is very strongly dependent on the temperature of the battery and its age, so that the measured results are unsatisfied overall.
  • the circuit arrangement according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that the remaining capacity of the battery is determined with very simple means. It is particularly advantageous that the circuit arrangement takes into account both very small and very high load currents, such as can occur when working with power tools. Particularly in the case of very small interference, a reliable measurement of the capacitance is given because of the high interference components.
  • the measures listed in the subclaims allow advantageous further developments and improvements of the circuit device specified in the main claim. It is particularly advantageous that the current is measured via a sensor which is built into the load circuit as a resistor. This makes the measurement very easy.
  • a particular advantage results from taking correction factors for different sources of error into account.
  • the correction factors can easily be determined by experiment and lead to a reproducible capacity display.
  • Another advantage is that the discharge of the battery is limited to a predetermined limit voltage. This prevents deep discharge and extends the life of the battery.
  • the arrangement of the current sensor between the individual cells of the battery is particularly favorable. For example, blocks produced in large series can be switched to six cells with the resistor and then further individual or several cells can be connected together. This results in special cost advantages. Due to the compact design of the evaluation circuit with the display in or on the housing of the battery, the current state of charge of the battery can be advantageously recognized at any time. In particular, in the case of a reserve battery, it can be immediately recognized what the state of charge of the battery is. Trying it out, for example by inserting the battery into a power tool, is not necessary.
  • a switchable display is also favorable, since it saves battery power.
  • non-volatile memory is particularly advantageous since it does not lose its information even when the battery is discharged.
  • Another advantage is the fact that the temperature of the battery can be indicated by measuring the set voltage.
  • the indication of the indicated temperature is also particularly advantageous, so that the battery can be switched off if the battery overheats. Further advantages of the invention can be found in the description.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the circuit arrangement
  • FIG. 2 shows a circuit arrangement of the battery with the sensor
  • FIG. 3 shows the arrangement of individual components of the circuit arrangement
  • FIG. 4 shows a current diagram for the inrush current
  • FIG. 5 shows the arrangement of switch contacts of the battery housing
  • FIG. 6 a block diagram for the offset measurement
  • Figure 7 is a flow chart.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the evaluation circuit and the battery circuit.
  • a battery 1 is connected via a switch 13 to an electric motor 14, which should symbolically represent the power tool.
  • the electric motor forms the load circuit with the battery, which is connected to the battery via the connections 30 and 32.
  • the battery has several cells
  • the battery 1 has eight cells 21.
  • the cells are, for example, NiCd batteries. Between the last cell and the penultimate cell there is a resistor as a sensor
  • a connection 30 of the battery is switched as a positive pole and a connection 32 as a negative pole for the load circuit.
  • the evaluation circuit 20 is supplied via the connections 30 and 31, the connection 31 being used as the ground connection.
  • the connection 30 is further connected to a voltage regulator 4, which has a reference voltage of 3.9 volts for the amplifiers 6, 7, 8 delivers.
  • the voltage regulator 4 supplies the microcomputer 10 and the displays 11, 12.
  • the amplifiers 6, 7, 8 are supplied with the voltage of about 8.4 volts across the remaining seven cells via a further line.
  • a voltmeter 9 measures the terminal voltage of the battery compared to terminal 31.
  • the current flowing through the sensor 22 is tapped as a voltage and fed to an ammeter 2.
  • the current meter 2 is connected to a filter 3, the output signal of which is fed to the amplifiers 6, 7 via a correction circuit 5.
  • the filter 3 is connected to the amplifier 8.
  • the outputs of the amplifiers 6, 7, 8 are connected to analog inputs of the microcomputer 10.
  • Digital outputs of the microcomputer 10 are connected to a display 11 as an overload display and a display 12 for the display of the state of charge.
  • the microcomputer is also connected to a changeover switch 15. With the aid of the switch, the microcomputer can process a test program, the plausibility of the signals applied to its inputs being verifiable. This makes it possible to test the entire circuit for proper functioning. When functioning correctly, all display elements light up.
  • the display (11, 12) contains light emitting diodes or corresponding liquid crystal elements.
  • the ammeter 2 detects the voltage drop across the sensor 22, which is measured with respect to the ground connection 31.
  • the measured voltage is screened at the filter 3 and fed to the offset correction circuit 5.
  • the filter 3 has a low-pass characteristic, so that high-frequency interference signals are suppressed.
  • the filtered signal is passed through the offset correction circuit 5 and first of all fed to the amplifiers 6 and 7.
  • the offset correction circuit 5 has a changeover switch which, under the control of the microcomputer 10, either switches to the amplifiers 6, 7 or interrupts the line. With the second changeover contact, the inputs of the amplifiers 6, 7 are switched against the measuring mass 31.
  • the offset of the amplifiers 6, 7 can be determined with the aid of this switch of the offsect correction circuit 5.
  • the offset of the amplifiers 6, 7 is essentially dependent on the temperature of the amplifiers. Due to the thermal coupling with the battery, the amplifier 6, 7 will approximately assume the temperature of the battery 1, so that the offset of the amplifier 6, 7 represents a measure of the temperature of the battery 1.
  • the microcomputer 10 first switches the inputs of the amplifiers 6, 7 to ground 31 and measures the output of the amplifiers. The measured values are compared with stored temperature values which are stored in the memory of the microcomputer 10. As a result, a temperature value is assigned to each voltage value.
  • the changeover switch of the offset correction circuit 5 is switched over so that the measurement input of the sensor 22 is connected to the inputs of the amplifiers 6, 7, then the amplifiers 6, 7, which correspond to the corresponding inputs of the microcomputer 10, are output are connected, an analog measurement of the current in the load circuit.
  • the changeover switch 35 of the offset correction circuit 5 is expediently designed as a semiconductor switch which is controlled by an output of the microcomputer. FET transistors have proven to be particularly favorable as switches, since they have a large blocking resistance or small on-resistance with low power loss.
  • the amplifier 7 has a high gain, while the amplifier 6 has a small gain. This makes it possible to measure very small currents at the sensor 22 using the amplifier 7. In contrast, large currents are measured with the amplifier 6. This arrangement ensures that the measuring range for the load circuit can be used from very small currents, for example a few milliamperes, to very large currents of approximately 30 to 35 amperes.
  • the output voltage in particular of the amplifier 7, can be used as a temperature indicator. Since the output voltage is measured by the microcomputer, it can also be used to display the temperature of the battery and can be output via the display 12.
  • the measurement of the offset can also be used to correct the measurement result and can be incorporated into the result of the charge status display. This enables an automatic offset adjustment.
  • the amplifier 6 monitors the charging current of the battery. Its amplification factor is relatively small, so that a charging current of up to approx. 7 amperes can be measured.
  • the amplifier 7 measures charge and discharge currents from very small values to a few 100 milliamperes.
  • the amplifier 8 has a very small gain. It can therefore be used to measure currents from approximately 1 ampere upwards. If a current greater than 20 amperes is detected, the overload indicator lights up.
  • a type ST 6210 is used as the microcomputer 10.
  • This eight-bit microcomputer has an EPROM as memory, via which the individual connections can be programmed as inputs or outputs.
  • the microcomputer 10 measures the analog voltage present at the outputs of the amplifiers 6, 7, 8 and, on the basis of the program entered, controls four LEDs on the display 12, which indicate the state of charge of the battery in 25% steps. The lowest level with 25% is represented by a color-contrasting light-emitting diode, preferably in red. Green LEDs are used as the remaining displays.
  • the microcomputer 10 also measures the battery voltage via the voltmeter 9.
  • the voltmeter 9 has a voltage divider which adjusts the voltage measured on the battery to the measuring range of the microcomputer 10. The battery voltage can be calculated by corresponding extrapolation using the resistance divider ratio.
  • a charger can be used to charge the battery, which delivers a selectable small or large current.
  • the battery is charged when the cell voltage is approximately 1.5 volts. If this value is determined via the voltmeter 9, the microcomputer 10 emits a signal to the charger, which leads to the charging current being switched off. At this voltage, the battery 1 has a capacity of approximately 100%. so that the corresponding light emitting diode of the display 12 lights up. If the battery is now plugged from the charger into an electric tool, a current will flow in the load circuit of the electric tool each time the switch 13 is actuated. This current is measured via the amplifiers 7, 8 and integrated by the microcomputer in accordance with the current flow duration.
  • the energy consumption is then successively subtracted from the stored value and is indicated in corresponding steps as the state of charge by the four light-emitting diodes LED.
  • the current flowing in the load circuit is subject to large fluctuations, which depend in particular on the load on the electric motor. Since the integration of the current is relatively slow because of the interference pulses to be suppressed, rapid changes in current are not detected. This would lead to errors in the calculation of the state of charge of the battery. In particular, high current pulses occur each time the device is switched on, which can lead to major errors if the power tool is switched on frequently.
  • a typical current pulse, such as occurs when the electric motor is switched on, is shown in FIG. However, this current pulse can only be measured with complex measuring technology.
  • the current pulse can be detected with sufficient accuracy by an empirically determined correction factor.
  • the correction corresponds to the hatched area of the curve in FIG. 4.
  • a total of 0.25% of the battery capacity is deducted from the current capacity value as consumption each time the electric motor is switched on.
  • the measurement is particularly simple in that the current rise is measured at one of the amplifier outputs 7, 8. This is because each current increase from 0 to a specific current value x means that the switch 13 is actuated.
  • a further correction of the display is provided by the physically related self-discharge of the battery. Since the evaluation circuit also has a certain current consumption, this also leads to a continuous reduction in the remaining capacity of the battery 1. A further correction factor is provided for these two factors. However, since these currents are very small and the quiescent current of the battery is approximately constant, it is sufficient to do so to count by means of cyclical timings. It is therefore provided to count time cycles during the idle phase of the circuit arrangement and to apply a correction factor to them. In the simplest form, the pulses derived from the clock generator of the microcomputer 10 are counted. The value determined in this way is deducted cyclically from the current residual capacity of the battery.
  • the correction factors for switch-on pulses, temperature, quiescent current and self-discharge By taking into account the correction factors for switch-on pulses, temperature, quiescent current and self-discharge, the actual remaining capacity of the battery 1 can be determined very precisely.
  • the correction factors are partly dependent on the type of battery used. It is therefore expedient to determine the correction factors by means of tests.
  • the end-of-work (EOW) point is reached. This point can be indicated by another LED. Furthermore, the working current in the load circuit can be switched off automatically to protect the battery against further discharge. Reaching the EOW point can also be expressed by a particularly rapid flashing of the 25% display. The EOW point can also be used to reset the microcomputer for calibration purposes.
  • the accuracy of the capacity calculation can be checked or corrected by comparison with the capacity points 0 and 100%. Since these points are measured with each loading and unloading process, a comparison of the values and the intermediate storage results in a simple check of the functional accuracy of the display.
  • a further embodiment of the invention provides a test cycle with a program routine according to FIG for the function of the charge status display.
  • the switch from the charge status display to the test cycle is carried out by closing the switch 15.
  • position 51 a query is made as to whether switch 15 is open or closed.
  • switch 15 is closed, all input levels are measured in position 52 and compared with predetermined target values. If the result is positive (position 53), all the light-emitting diodes of the display 12 are activated as a sign that the display device is working correctly.
  • the program then jumps back to the beginning in position 51.
  • the battery 1 with a non-volatile memory 45, preferably an EEPROM.
  • a non-volatile memory 45 preferably an EEPROM.
  • the battery 1 can be connected to the storage 45 either via the adapter 43 to the charger 41 or via the adapter 47 to the power tool 49.
  • Both the charger 41 and the power tool 49 have a microcomputer 42, 48, which has access to the data of the memory 45 via the adapters 44, 46.
  • This arrangement particularly advantageously results in a cost-effective solution, since only a few components are required because of the multiple use.
  • the data in the memory can be used both when charging and when discharging the battery.
  • the memory 45 therefore advantageously contains the control programs required for the microcomputers, as described above.
  • the adapters 44, 46 can also advantageously be designed as a unit. Particular importance was attached to a polarity-proof design of the contact arrangement.
  • the battery housing is usually round or oval.
  • the contacts according to FIG. 5 are arranged on opposite sides of oval battery housings.
  • the minus contact 60 and plus contact 61 are arranged on the opposing long sides.
  • a further contact is optionally provided on the narrow side on the right, to which a temperature sensor (NTC) can be connected, which can measure the temperature of the battery 1 during charging or discharging.
  • NTC temperature sensor
  • NiCd batteries are to be used for the charger 41 or the power tool 49, but also NiH batteries, for example, then further connections are necessary to adapt to the requirements of these batteries with regard to the charging and discharging current.
  • a contact 62 can be arranged on the left narrow side of the battery housing shown in FIG. The contact 62 forms the positive pole with respect to the negative contact 60.
  • the adapters 43, 47 then receive a corresponding additional contact. This very simple advantageous coding therefore enables the use of exchangeable batteries of different types for the power tool and the charger.

Abstract

Un circuit pour l'indication de l'état de charge d'une batterie rechargeable est proposé dans lequel, par intégration du courant traversant le circuit de charge, est déterminé l'état de charge de la batterie. En tenant compte de divers facteurs de correction, tels que impulsion de courant à la mise en circuit, température, offset et auto-décharge de la batterie, il en résulte une précision reproductible pour l'état de charge. La batterie convient en particulier comme accumulateur pour outils électriques. La conception des connexions permet l'utilisation d'un chargeur universel et l'utilisation de différents types de batteries pour divers outils électriques.
PCT/DE1992/000098 1991-03-02 1992-02-13 Indicateur de l'etat de charge d'une batterie WO1992015893A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4106725A DE4106725A1 (de) 1991-03-02 1991-03-02 Ladezustandsanzeige einer batterie
DEP4106725.8 1991-03-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1992015893A1 true WO1992015893A1 (fr) 1992-09-17

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DE (1) DE4106725A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1992015893A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2691019A1 (fr) * 1992-05-06 1993-11-12 Glaize Christian Système d'interface entre une batterie d'accumulateurs et des récepteurs consommateurs d'électricité.
WO1994001914A1 (fr) * 1992-07-08 1994-01-20 Benchmarq Microelectronics, Inc. Procede et appareil de controle de la capacite d'une batterie avec regulation de la charge
WO1995014239A1 (fr) * 1993-11-19 1995-05-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procede de determination de l'etat de charge d'une batterie, en particulier d'une batterie de demarrage de vehicule
WO1995031733A2 (fr) * 1994-05-13 1995-11-23 Apple Computer, Inc. Procede et appareil de controle de la decharge d'un dispositif de batterie
WO2009007161A1 (fr) * 2007-07-06 2009-01-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Dispositif pour indiquer le niveau de charge d'un accumulateur
JP2009296879A (ja) * 2002-01-30 2009-12-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh バッテリ駆動される電気装置、再充電可能なバッテリユニットおよびバッテリ充電装置ならび該装置からなる装置システム

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DE4337020C1 (de) * 1993-10-29 1994-12-08 Daimler Benz Ag Verfahren zur Überwachung der Batterie eines Hybridfahrzeugs
DE19533445A1 (de) * 1995-09-09 1997-03-13 Telefunken Microelectron Schaltungsanordnung zur Ladungssteuerung und Kapazitätskontrolle wiederaufladbarer Akkumulatoren
DE19831723A1 (de) * 1998-07-15 2000-01-20 Porsche Ag Verfahren zur Ladezustanderkennung einer Fahrzeugbatterie
AT408280B (de) * 1999-04-09 2001-10-25 Akg Acoustics Gmbh Vorrichtung und verfahren zur ermittlung der restspielzeit von batteriebetriebenen geräten
KR100639731B1 (ko) * 1999-09-03 2006-10-31 엘지전자 주식회사 배터리 팩 및 배터리 팩의 작동방법
DE10135067A1 (de) * 2001-07-18 2003-02-06 Vb Autobatterie Gmbh Elektrischer Akkumulator mit in dem Akkumulatorenbehälter integrierter elektronischer Schaltung
DE10201397B4 (de) * 2002-01-16 2013-05-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Anzeige des Ladezustandes eines an ein Elektrogerät angeschlossenen Akkus
DE10202603B4 (de) 2002-01-24 2012-08-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verlangsamung des Entladungsprozesses eines Akkus
DE10256588B4 (de) * 2002-12-04 2005-08-25 Daimlerchrysler Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Batteriezustandserkennung
DE102011018265A1 (de) * 2011-04-14 2012-10-18 Roman J. Koschuth Elektrische Speichereinheit (Akku, Batterie) mit integrierter elektronischer Vorrichtung zur Erfassung und dir. Ausgabe (Display) und indir. (DV-Schnittstelle) von Infos zu alterungsbedingten Leistungsminderung der Einheit (Ziel Marktwert-Indikation frei
DE202012100641U1 (de) 2012-02-24 2012-03-21 Kompernaß Handelsgesellschaft mbH Schaltungsanordnung zur Anzeige des Ladezustandes einer wiederaufladbaren Batterie
DE102019115999B3 (de) * 2019-06-12 2020-10-15 Pepperl+Fuchs Ag Sensoranordnung, Sammelcontainer mit der Sensoranordnung, Sammelsystem mit der Sensoranordnung und/oder mit dem Sammelcontainer sowie Verfahren

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2691019A1 (fr) * 1992-05-06 1993-11-12 Glaize Christian Système d'interface entre une batterie d'accumulateurs et des récepteurs consommateurs d'électricité.
WO1994001914A1 (fr) * 1992-07-08 1994-01-20 Benchmarq Microelectronics, Inc. Procede et appareil de controle de la capacite d'une batterie avec regulation de la charge
WO1995014239A1 (fr) * 1993-11-19 1995-05-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procede de determination de l'etat de charge d'une batterie, en particulier d'une batterie de demarrage de vehicule
US5598088A (en) * 1993-11-19 1997-01-28 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for determining the charge state of a battery, in particular a vehicle starter battery
WO1995031733A2 (fr) * 1994-05-13 1995-11-23 Apple Computer, Inc. Procede et appareil de controle de la decharge d'un dispositif de batterie
WO1995031733A3 (fr) * 1994-05-13 1995-12-21 Apple Computer Procede et appareil de controle de la decharge d'un dispositif de batterie
US5640081A (en) * 1994-05-13 1997-06-17 Apple Computer, Inc. Method and apparatus for monitoring discharge of a battery device based on battery self-discharge and discharge over time
JP2009296879A (ja) * 2002-01-30 2009-12-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh バッテリ駆動される電気装置、再充電可能なバッテリユニットおよびバッテリ充電装置ならび該装置からなる装置システム
JP4691184B2 (ja) * 2002-01-30 2011-06-01 ローベルト ボツシユ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング バッテリ駆動される電気装置、再充電可能なバッテリユニットおよびバッテリ充電装置ならび該装置からなる装置システム
WO2009007161A1 (fr) * 2007-07-06 2009-01-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Dispositif pour indiquer le niveau de charge d'un accumulateur

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