WO1991011256A1 - Microgels fonctionnels complexes actifs presentant une cinetique de formation rapide - Google Patents
Microgels fonctionnels complexes actifs presentant une cinetique de formation rapide Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1991011256A1 WO1991011256A1 PCT/US1990/001649 US9001649W WO9111256A1 WO 1991011256 A1 WO1991011256 A1 WO 1991011256A1 US 9001649 W US9001649 W US 9001649W WO 9111256 A1 WO9111256 A1 WO 9111256A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- process according
- group
- microgels
- complex functional
- alkali
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000008131 herbal destillate Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- -1 quaternary ammonium silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002535 acidifier Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical class [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical class [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical class [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical class [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical class [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical class [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004380 ashing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019351 sodium silicates Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 37
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 19
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 17
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
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- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 8
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- JYIMWRSJCRRYNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;disodium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Si+4] JYIMWRSJCRRYNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- HVTHJRMZXBWFNE-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium zincate Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Na+].[Zn+2] HVTHJRMZXBWFNE-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 4
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 4
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical class [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940069428 antacid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000003159 antacid agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001458 anti-acid effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000012215 calcium aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229920001448 anionic polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001045 blue dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- IQDXNHZDRQHKEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dicalcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O IQDXNHZDRQHKEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 2
- GPRDLRZMTVQCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;dihydroxide;hydrate Chemical compound O.[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] GPRDLRZMTVQCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- XREXPQGDOPQPAH-QKUPJAQQSA-K trisodium;[(z)-18-[1,3-bis[[(z)-12-sulfonatooxyoctadec-9-enoyl]oxy]propan-2-yloxy]-18-oxooctadec-9-en-7-yl] sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].CCCCCCC(OS([O-])(=O)=O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CC(CCCCCC)OS([O-])(=O)=O)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CC(CCCCCC)OS([O-])(=O)=O XREXPQGDOPQPAH-QKUPJAQQSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- SMNDYUVBFMFKNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-furoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CO1 SMNDYUVBFMFKNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N1CCN(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)CC1 VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000331231 Amorphocerini gen. n. 1 DAD-2008 Species 0.000 description 1
- 108091006522 Anion exchangers Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanamide Chemical compound NC#N XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical class Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010020601 Hyperchlorhydria Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011124 aluminium ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- LCQXXBOSCBRNNT-UHFFFAOYSA-K ammonium aluminium sulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LCQXXBOSCBRNNT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003868 ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- FCMYKKICIVKATD-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl-dimethyl-tetradecan-2-ylazanium;2-dodecyl-1,3,4-trimethylbenzene;chloride Chemical group [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=C(C)C=CC(C)=C1C.CCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 FCMYKKICIVKATD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000239634 longleaf box Species 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012254 magnesium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000816 magnesium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001457 metallic cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N polynoxylin Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005049 silicon tetrachloride Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XZPMQCKVOWVETG-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrasodium;2-[(3-carboxylato-3-sulfonatopropanoyl)-octadecylamino]butanedioate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN(C(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O)C(=O)CC(C([O-])=O)S([O-])(=O)=O XZPMQCKVOWVETG-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical class [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
- C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/0052—Preparation of gels
- B01J13/0056—Preparation of gels containing inorganic material and water
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/0052—Preparation of gels
- B01J13/0056—Preparation of gels containing inorganic material and water
- B01J13/006—Preparation of gels containing inorganic material and water by precipitation, coagulation, hydrolyse coacervation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B12/00—Cements not provided for in groups C04B7/00 - C04B11/00
- C04B12/04—Alkali metal or ammonium silicate cements ; Alkyl silicate cements; Silica sol cements; Soluble silicate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the synthesis of complex functional microgels with a rapid formation kinetics in aqueous media and the resulting composi ⁇ tions.
- the present invention relates to in- situ synthesis of such microgels with flocculating, cementing and surface-chemistry modifying functions in aqueous disper- sions of quantitatively predominant particulate matter to be used essentially non-reactive therewith, to affect the properties of this particulate matter in an advantageous manner.
- the complex functional microgels of the present invention are synthesized from subcolloidal reactive silico-aluminate and similar hydrosols and bivalent and multivalent inorganic salts and/or organic, cationically-active, chemical compounds with at least two reactive groups in each molecule. Discussion of the Relevant Art
- colloids are the lowest-rank systems known in nature equipped with “memory.” As such, they "remember” their history in chronological detail and react accordingly in terms of their resultant properties and functional behavior. As a conse ⁇ quence, any intentional or accidental deviation from an established synthesis procedure, or reaction conditions, will inescapably cause certain differences, mostly quantitative but sometimes profoundly qualitative, in the constitution and/or functional properties of the resultant colloidal systems.
- titanium dioxide pigments on the market today are coated with a more or less dense layer of silica or silico-aluminate gels deposited in situ by a controlled inter ⁇ action between relatively highly concentrated solutions of sodium silicate and appropriate gel-setting agents, such as sulfuric or hydrochloric acids, ammonium sulfate, alum or sodium aluminate, in aqueous dispersions of the pigment.
- appropriate gel-setting agents such as sulfuric or hydrochloric acids, ammonium sulfate, alum or sodium aluminate
- the surface coatings mentioned represent continuous gels which are fundamentally different from the instantaneously in-situ formed microparticulate gels (microgels) of the present invention.
- U.S. Patent No. 3,726,000 to Wildt relating to the use of in-situ formed continuous alumino-silicate gels as intrinsic cements toward the preparation of composite pigments, may be considered as typical of the general prior art in this area of technology dating back for over half a century.
- Many other intrinsic cementing media were also used for the same purpose, e.g., sodium silicate and aluminum chloride in U.S. Patent No. 2,176,876 to Alessandroni, aliphatic acid in U.S. Patent No. 3,453,131 to Fadner, ethylenediamine and citric acid in U.S. Patent No. 4,075,030 to Bundy, urea-formaldehyde in U.S. Patent No. 4,346,178 to Economou, or silicon tetra- chloride in WO 87/00544 to Jones.
- Hoffmann's so-called "silicomagnesium-aluminate- hydrate” gel is factually a mechanical blend of a separately prepared silico-aluminate gel and a subsequently prepared magnesium-hydroxide gel, hence, fundamentally different from true complex (multicomponent) gels synthesized according to the present invention.
- Hoffmann's antacid gel was prepared by mixing concentrated solutions of sodium silicate and an aluminum salt under alkaline conditions for extended periods of time, e.g., 30 min., to form a solidified silico- aluminate cogel.
- this cogel was crushed and homogenized into a flowable pulp into which a concentrated solution of magnesium sulfate was introduced gradually over a period of time lasting 3 hours.
- the in-situ precipitated magnesium hydroxide hydrate became mechanically, though intimately, dispersed within the previously fluidized pulp of the continuous silico-aluminate cogel.
- Inorganic anion-exchangers and a process for their synthesis are disclosed by Duwell in U.S. Patent No. 3,002,932.
- the above anion exchangers were prepared by .... "coprecipi at- ing mixed hydrated oxides of a pair of homolomorphic metals chosen from the group consisting -of aluminum, silicon, titanium, zinc, and zirconium, the lower-valent member of said pair being present in major amount, in an aqueous medium at a pH in the range of about pH 5 to 7, drying the aqueous mixture at a temperature below 150 ⁇ C, and washing the dried mixture with water to remove soluble impurities therefrom.”
- the above technology, as quoted, is based again on physical mixtures of separately prepared gels.
- Tu As documented amply in everyday industrial ex ⁇ perience, relatively small differences in the preparation, handling or post-treatment of such gels, the incorporation of various transient or permanent adjuvants notwithstanding, will often result in significant modification of such important product features as abrasion resistance, catalytic activity and selectivity, inhibition resistance or pore-size distribution.
- Tu also employed a certain specific brand of anionic polyacrylamide (transient adjuvant) to modify the mechanical structure of the catalyst matrix. Accordingly, after a subsequent burnout of the organic substance occluded in the latter matrix, Tu was able to obtain a more favorable pore- size distribution.
- 3,484,271 describes the formation of functional (release) coatings on moving paper webs by an insitu interaction between consecutively applied separate solutions of organic anionic and cationic compounds with at least two functional groups in each molecule.
- These release coatings are made in the form of continuous, totally imper ⁇ vious, gel films devoid of any particulate occlusions. As a matter of fact, a particulate matter embedded in such films would more or less completely destroy these films' useful release properties.
- U.S. Patent No. 2,974,108 to Alexander discloses a method of synthesis of stable alumino-silicate aquasols (hydrosols), with ion-exchange capacities equivalent to those of better zeolites and also very good antisoiling properties.
- aquasols are synthesized with the aid of intricate thermal regimes and time-consuming procedures, using silicic acid (rather than alkali-metal, or quaternary ammonium, silicate used in practicing the present invention) and sodium aluminate as the principal reagents.
- silicic acid rather than alkali-metal, or quaternary ammonium, silicate used in practicing the present invention
- sodium aluminate as the principal reagents.
- the preferred end product, according to Alexander contains 5% to 20% of substantially spheroidal porous particles, with particle diameters ranging optimally from 10 milimicrons to 50 milimicrons (nanometer) and particle porosity between 10% and 70%, suspended in an aqueous medium with pH between 5 and 10.
- microgels complex, multicomponent, micro-particulate gels
- a rapid formation kinetics or conditions under which these microgels can be synthesized and/or utilized.
- no references whatsoever have been found in the literature with regard to the use of complex microgels toward the manufacture of improved products, or any other application for that matter.
- the complex functional microgels of the present invention are synthesized by a process comprising the steps of: (a) blending separate aqueous solutions of hydrosol- forming reagents, one of which contains an alkali-metal, or quaternary ammonium, silicate and the other one . of which contains an alkali -metal aluminate and/or alkali-metal zincate, to form a subcolloidal reactive hydrosol;
- step (b) blending an aqueous solution containing at least one bivalent or multivalent inorganic salt and/or organic, cationi- cally-active, chemical compounds with at least two reactive groups in each molecule with the system obtained from step (a) to crosslink said hydrosol and form in situ a complex function ⁇ al microgel.
- the ratio of alkali-metal, or quaternary ammonium, silicates to the combined mass of alkali-metal aluminates and/or zincates may range from 1:10 to 10:1, by weight, while the concentrations of said silicates and aluminates (zincates) in the reaction medium should range from 0.1% to 2.0%, by weight.
- the dosage of crosslinking agents in relation to the com ⁇ bined hydrosol mass may range from less than 0.5:1 to more than 1:1, by weight, for bivalent and multivalent inorganic salts and from 0.1:1 to 1:1, by weight, for organic, cationically- active, chemical compounds with at least two reactive groups in each molecule.
- complex functional microgels are synthesized in situ in aqueous media to manufacture products which are improved compared with the present ones or which can not be manufactured with the aid of technologies and/or materials of the present art.
- alkali-metal silicates and quaternary ammonium silicates preferably sodium silicate
- water-soluble, bi ⁇ valent and multivalent inorganic salts preferably calcium chloride and calcium nitrate, but equally well other similar salts of calcium, magnesium, barium, aluminum, zinc and zircon ⁇ ium, as well as cationically-active organic compounds with at least two reactive groups in each molecule, capable of perform ⁇ ing the same gel-setting functions as bivalent or multivalent inorganic salts.
- anionic and cationic organic additives used in the process must be compatible with their respective anionic and cationic process streams, as indicated by absence of phase separation, clouding, or premature gelling.
- a calcium-silico-aluminate microgel was synthesized in water in two chemically and colloidally distinctly different stages.
- a transient, subcolloidal, reactive sodium-silico- aluminate hydrosol was formed in the first stage and cross- linked in the second stage with a solution of calcium chloride.
- the synthesis was carried out by injecting simultaneously 40 g of a 5% aqueous solution of sodium silicate (Brand "N"- clear grade, by Philadelphia Quartz Co.) and 40 g of a 5% aqueous solution of sodium aluminate into a beaker containing 250 g of rapidly stirred distilled water, using plastic syringes positioned at diametrically opposite sides of the beaker (the latter precaution was intended to avoid a direct contact of jets of concentrated reagent solutions).
- 80 g of a 5% aqueous solution of calcium chloride was injected into the beaker while maintaining the stirring at full intensity, causing an "instantaneous" formation of . the microgel. .
- the freshly formed microgel was extremely fine, but a progressive particle (grain) growth became clearly visible within a few seconds.
- agitation of the medium was ceased, the entire disperse phase settled to the bottom of the beaker after a couple of minutes in the form of a relatively thin, very fluffy layer under a pool of crystal-clear supernatant. It was very easy to restore the original state of dispersion by agitation; however, the cycle of progressive particle growth and settling set-in again when agitation was discontinued. The above cycle could be repeated countless numbers of times without any noticeable indication of permanent particle enlargement, or other signs of irreversible aging.
- Example I The unusual colloidal behavior of complex microgels, demonstrated in Example I, is deemed essential to their unique ability to flocculate any particulate matter dispersed in an aqueous medium instantaneously, indiscriminately and complete ⁇ ly, regardless of the particulate matter's physical, chemical or colloidal make-up. This behavior is also essential to the ability of complex microgels to intimately cement the floccu ⁇ lated (aggregated) particulate matter upon subsequent dewater- ing and drying.
- complex microgels of the present invention can be prepared in less than one-fifth of one second, from three separate drops of dilute reagent solutions aligned in a proper order on a microscopical glass slide.
- the first drop containing a solution of sodium silicate was combined with the second drop containing a solution of sodium aluminate, to synthesize a sodium-silico- aluminate hydrosol.
- Example I The quantitative proportions of water and microgel-forming reagents in Example I were selected so as to simulate a reaction medium for synthesizing new types of aggregate pigment products invented by the Applicant and disclosed in the name of Adam F. Kaliski in co-pending U.S. Patent Applications Nos. 07/420,388 and 07/420,472; filed October 12, 1989.
- the aggregate pigments mentioned have vastly improved optical and other performance properties, compared with those of the pigmentary raw materials from which they were derived.
- the amount of water and proportions of microgel- forming reagents used in Example I were the same as would be used typically per 100 g of pigmentary raw material in actual plant manufacturing operations.
- the sodium-silico-aluminate hydrosol in Example I as well as similar hydrosols of sodium-silico-zincate and sodium- silico-alu inate-zincate types, are formed instantly by simply blending separate solutions of sodium silicate and sodium aluminate (and/ or sodium zincate) in water. From a colloid- chemical standpoint, these hydrosols represent transient, low- molecular-weight, highly reactive inorganic, polymers of anionic polyelectrolyte " ype * Prepared and utilized according to the present invention, they remain completely clear to the eye for several hours devoid of a visually perceptible Tyndall effect.
- the loss of hydrosol reactivity occurs gradually and can be avoided by reducing the time interval between hydrosol formation and its crosslinking by cationic gel-setting agents.
- the duration of this time interval in laboratory experiments is maintained usually between one and twenty seconds. In large scale batch manufacturing operations the duration of the time interval in question may extend to several minutes, but is considerably shorter (ranging from approximately 20-30 seconds to a couple of minutes) with continuous manufacturing proces ⁇ ses. Since molecular weights of freshly formed hydrosols grow avalanche-like when high concentrations of hydrosol-forming reagents are involved, the concentrations of sodium silicate and sodium aluminate in the reaction medium should not exceed 2% each, by weight.
- sodium silicate and sodium aluminate (zincate) should be present in reaction media containing particulate matter at concentrations of at least
- hydrosols are fundamentally different from hydrosol (aquasol) products of the present art.
- the former are transient intermediate products with a relatively short useful life span, serving exclusively for the purpose of synthesizing the complex functional microgels in question and having no practical use on their own. They belong to the class of "amicrons" (subcolloids) with average particle dimensions smaller than 5 nm, which, according to the nomenclature accepted in many textbooks of colloid chemistry, occupy a boundary position between molecular solutions and conventional colloids.
- hydrosols of the present invention which lack any visual indication of the existence of a particulate phase, can remain in the amicron category for only a limited period of time.
- hydrosols Upon a certain maximum permissible period of aging, which, depending on the concentration of hydrosol- forming reagents in the reaction medium, may extend from a couple of minutes to several hours, these hydrosols become intrinsically coarser (acquire excessive molecular weight) and fall out from the category of subcolloids. The consequence of this excessive molecular-weight growth is loss of chemical reactivity, which renders the sodium-silico-aluminate (zincate) hydrosols unsuitable for the . synthesis of complex functional microgels.
- the freshly formed subcolloidal reactive hydrosols become crosslinked with gel-setting agents, such as bivalent and multivalent inorganic salts and/or organic, cationically- active, chemical compounds with at least two reactive groups in each molecule, to form the complex (multi-component) microgels mentioned previously.
- gel-setting agents such as bivalent and multivalent inorganic salts and/or organic, cationically- active, chemical compounds with at least two reactive groups in each molecule, to form the complex (multi-component) microgels mentioned previously.
- gel-setting agents such as bivalent and multivalent inorganic salts and/or organic, cationically- active, chemical compounds with at least two reactive groups in each molecule, to form the complex (multi-component) microgels mentioned previously.
- simple salts e.g., NaCl, Na2SU , aNU3, and/or similar ammonium compounds, being formed as by ⁇ products.
- purely inorganic complex microgels of the present invention represent hybrid macromolecules of a polymer- polycondensate type, while the organic/inorganic ones (with organic compounds built intrinsically into the molecular structure) represent hetero-macromolecules of the same polymer- polycondensate type.
- the complex functional microgels of the present invention are formed in a virtually instantaneous manner. It is estimated that the chemical reaction between low-molecular- weight, subcolloidal, hydrosols (anionic polyelectrolytes) and bivalent or multivalent inorganic salts, or equivalent organic crosslinking agents, resulting in the formation of hybrid, polymer-polycondensate, macromolecules, occurs in less than one microsecond. The rapid growth of these macromolecules into giant formations with a useful molecular weight of many billion units is estimated to take place within an interval of a couple of milliseconds.
- flocculants have a relatively narrow molecular-weight distribution, hence, are incapable of satisfying widely diversified flocculation requirements inherent to many polydisperse and heterodisperse colloidal systems, encountered routinely in paper, pigment, and many other industries.
- the formation of the intermediate reactive subcolloidal hydrosols and resultant complex microgels of the present invention are not stoichio- metric. Identical hydrosols and/or microgels are synthesized each time, however, when the reagent concentrations and proportions, as well as reaction conditions maintained during synthesis, are the same. On the other hand, the principal quantitative and qualitative compositions of above hydrosols and microgels may be varied within unusually broad ranges without detriment to these hydrosols', or microgels', intended functional performance.
- the ratio of sodium silicate to sodium aluminate, sodium silicate to sodium zincate, and sodium silicate to the combined mass of sodium aluminate and sodium zincate, in forming the subcolloidal reactive hydrosols may range from 10:1 to 1:10, by. weight, the preferred ratio for most practical applications being 1:1.
- the ratio of organic, cationically-active, crosslinking agents to hydrosol mass must be determined empirically for each par- ticular agent and specific application. The reason for this is that the chemical properties of organic crosslinking agents mentioned are vastly more differentiated from the standpoint of their effect upon end-use properties of products obtained by flocculation and cementing with complex functional microgels, than are those of corresponding inorganic crosslinking agents.
- the need for selective screening is perhaps best exemplified by the fact that even small proportions of certain organic crosslinking agents, e.g., 0.1% to 0.2%, by weight, on the total hydrosol mass, may deprive the resultant complex microgels of adhesive properties or even render them completely hydrophobic, hence, of limited applicability in aqueous media.
- the relative proportions of properly screened organic crosslinking agents should range, according to present indications, from 0.1% to 5% of the mass of particulate matter.
- Another uniquely broad latitude with regard to the reaction conditions in general pertains to the pH range, extending from 3.5 to more than 12, under which the complex microgels of the present invention can both be synthesized and perform their intended functions.
- the solutions of crosslinking reagents must be acidified first, using predetermined amounts of sul"furic acid, alum, or other inorganic or organic acidifying agents.
- the quantity of acidifying agent needed must be 'assessed independently by titrating beforehand an aliquot sample of a normally prepared, alkaline, microgel.
- the acidifying agents can also be added to an already formed (alkaline) microgel, such as may be preferred in certain practical applications.
- the formation of the complex functional microgels mentioned is virtually totally independent from the temperature of the reaction medium.
- the above microgels can be formed in principle within the entire temperature interval in which water remains fluid, i.e., from above the freezing point to below the .boiling point..
- the practical temperature limits depend only on the thermal stability of particulate matter present in the system and considerations of process economy and convenience.
- alkali-compatible organic anionic polyelectro- lytes such as sodium salts of polyacrylic acid or carbox-y- methyl cellulose, or anionically-active monomolecular organic compounds with two or more reactive groups in each molecule, such as sodium salts of N-(l,2-dicarboxyethyl)-N-alkyl sulpho- succinamate (Aerosol 22), can be built chemically into the microgel structure by adding them to the aqueous medium before. or along with, the hydrosol-forming reagents.
- organic cationic polymers such as polyacrylamides, or cationically-active organic monomolecular compounds with two or more reactive groups in each molecule, such as methyl-dodecyl- benzyl-trimethyl ammonium chlorid-methyldodecylxylene bis(tri- methyl) ammonium chloride (Hyamin 2389), can be built chemical ⁇ ly into the microgel structure by adding them to the solutions of bivalent or multivalent inorganic salts used for crosslink ⁇ ing of the subcolloidal reactive (poly-anionic) hydrosols of the present invention, or using them as independent crosslink ⁇ ing agents.
- microgel synthesis was carried in essentially the same way as in Example I, except that other materials were also present in the reaction medium.
- the latter consisted of 249 g distilled water and 1 g polyacrylic-emulsion adhesive with an average particle size of 45 nm and glass-transition temperature of -40° C.
- the latter .material is representative of a new class of water-borne emulsion adhesives developed by the Applicant and disclosed in the name of Adam F. Kaliski in the co-pending U.S. Patent 'Application Serial No.
- the principal reaction medium in this example consisted of
- the freshly synthesized microgel behaved in the same manner as microgels synthesized in the two previous examples, the supernatant being similarly crystal clear.
- a subsequent filtration yielded a completely uniformly colored residue ("filter cake”) and a crystal clear filtrate, identical results being obtained with numerous other commercial dyes.
- the papermaking process mentioned above permits one to use simultaneously unlimited numbers of dyes, all of these dyes being retained 100% with the microgel-flocculated furnish. This is especially advantageous in the manufacture of colored papers, the dye-related expenses being always very substantial. It is not unusual for the cost of dyes used in the manufacture of intensely-colored paper products " -, e.g., cocktail napkins, to be two or three times higher than the cost of all other raw materials combined.
- the instantaneous, indiscriminate and complete flocculat ⁇ ing action of the in-situ formed complex functional microgels of the present invention makes possible to use even most polydisperse and heterodisperse furnishes, such as could not be handled in a practical manner by any of the acidic, or neutral- to-alkaline, papermaking processes of the present art.
- Virtually no limits to potential furnish diversities are envisaged in that, in the Applicant's extensive experimenta ⁇ tion, a water-based colloidal system able to resist the overpowering instantaneous, indiscriminate and complete flocculating action of the in-situ formed complex functional microgels has not yet been encountered.
- the complex functional microgels of the present invention may also be applied to the manufacture of wet-laid nonwoven products.
- the complex functional microgels of the present invention are also uniquely suited for the manufacture of practically unlimited numbers of types of structural aggregate pigments with vastly improved optical properties, also equipped with a- priori designed functional properties.
- the technology for the synthesis of such pigments was invented by the Applicant and disclosed in the name of Adam F. Kaliski in co-pending U.S. Patent Applications Serial Nos. 07/420,388 and 07/420,472; filed October 12, 1989.
- microgels of the present invention While the primary purpose of the complex functional, in- situ formed, microgels of the present invention is to induce an instantaneous, indiscriminate and complete flocculation (aggregation) of all particulate components of a slurry, their secondary purpose is to provide an arbitrary level of intrinsic cementation to the aggregated particulates, such as pigments, fibers, dyes, etc., upon subsequent drying or other finishing operations.
- the desired level of cementation may be obtained by varying the composition, and/or dosage, of the complex microgels, such as to provide the end products, e.g., paper webs or composite pigments, with sufficient mechanical integrity to withstand the customary shearing (loading) and/or comminution regimes to which they may be exposed in practical handling and end-use operations.
- the adhesive action of above microgels is possible only due to the extremely small particle size, as well as deformability, enabling the microgel particles to orient themselves effectively as discrete ultrathin formations at the interfaces between adjacent particulates (pigment particles, cellulosic fibers) to be cemented.
- the tertiary purpose of the complex functional microgels of the present invention synthesized in situ in dispersions of particulate matter, to impart directly, by virtue of their inherent physical and surface-chemical properties, certain specific material and functional properties to the aggregated and cemented products, important from the standpoint of these products' end-use applications.
- the above effects can be realized through a purposeful modification of the chemical composition, and/or physical properties, of the complex functional microgels.
- a surface-chemical modification providing an enhanced compatibility of the end product (composite pigment, paper web) with organic media may be attained by an intrinsic incorporation of suitable, anionically and/or cationically active organic compounds with at least two reactive groups in each molecule, into the macromolecules making up the complex microgels of the present invention.
- An indirect surface-chemical modification of the end products can be attained by co-aggregation of such powerful surface-chemical modifiers in their own right as organic dyes or polymer-emulsion adhesives, possible due to the instantaneous, indiscriminate and complete flocculating action of the complex functional microgel . s of the present invention.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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AU55461/90A AU655753B2 (en) | 1990-01-31 | 1990-03-28 | Functional complex microgels with rapid formation kinetics |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US472,763 | 1983-03-07 | ||
US47276390A | 1990-01-31 | 1990-01-31 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1991011256A1 true WO1991011256A1 (fr) | 1991-08-08 |
Family
ID=23876845
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/US1990/001649 WO1991011256A1 (fr) | 1990-01-31 | 1990-03-28 | Microgels fonctionnels complexes actifs presentant une cinetique de formation rapide |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0512986A4 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1031988C (fr) |
AU (1) | AU655753B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2075194A1 (fr) |
IL (1) | IL94920A (fr) |
IN (1) | IN171538B (fr) |
MX (1) | MX173809B (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1991011256A1 (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA905091B (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0600902A1 (fr) * | 1991-07-22 | 1994-06-15 | Industrial Progress, Inc. | Produits de pigmentation a base de tio 2? en agregat |
EP0908228A1 (fr) * | 1996-05-01 | 1999-04-14 | Adam Kozan Chuo Kenkyusho Co., Ltd. | Procedes de production d'un gel mineral et de fines |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050234136A1 (en) * | 2004-04-19 | 2005-10-20 | Holland Brian T | Colloidal compositions and methods of preparing same |
Citations (6)
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US2974108A (en) * | 1957-01-14 | 1961-03-07 | Du Pont | Aluminosilicate aquasols and their preparation |
US4026721A (en) * | 1976-03-19 | 1977-05-31 | Westvaco Corporation | Composite silicate pigment |
US4201689A (en) * | 1977-06-18 | 1980-05-06 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Process for the production of tenside-containing cation exchanger aluminosilicates |
US4217240A (en) * | 1976-09-02 | 1980-08-12 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Stable aluminosilicate aquasols having uniform size particles and their preparation |
US4247420A (en) * | 1979-03-23 | 1981-01-27 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Hydrocarbon conversion catalyst preparation |
US4606900A (en) * | 1984-01-27 | 1986-08-19 | Sud-Chemie Aktiengesellschaft | Method of preparing crystalline zeolitic aluminosilicates |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5510539B2 (fr) * | 1972-05-22 | 1980-03-17 | ||
FR2277769A1 (fr) * | 1974-07-10 | 1976-02-06 | Mirsky Yakov | Procede de preparation des zeolithes sous forme de granules spheriques exempts d'agglomerant |
US5116418A (en) * | 1984-12-03 | 1992-05-26 | Industrial Progress Incorporated | Process for making structural aggregate pigments |
US4818729A (en) * | 1987-10-13 | 1989-04-04 | Aluminum Company Of America | Process for preparing stabilized high cristobalite |
-
1990
- 1990-03-28 AU AU55461/90A patent/AU655753B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-03-28 EP EP19900908004 patent/EP0512986A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1990-03-28 CA CA002075194A patent/CA2075194A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1990-03-28 WO PCT/US1990/001649 patent/WO1991011256A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-06-29 IL IL9492090A patent/IL94920A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-06-29 ZA ZA905091A patent/ZA905091B/xx unknown
- 1990-07-20 IN IN185/BOM/90A patent/IN171538B/en unknown
- 1990-08-20 CN CN90107058A patent/CN1031988C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-08-27 MX MX022118A patent/MX173809B/es unknown
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2974108A (en) * | 1957-01-14 | 1961-03-07 | Du Pont | Aluminosilicate aquasols and their preparation |
US4026721A (en) * | 1976-03-19 | 1977-05-31 | Westvaco Corporation | Composite silicate pigment |
US4217240A (en) * | 1976-09-02 | 1980-08-12 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Stable aluminosilicate aquasols having uniform size particles and their preparation |
US4201689A (en) * | 1977-06-18 | 1980-05-06 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Process for the production of tenside-containing cation exchanger aluminosilicates |
US4247420A (en) * | 1979-03-23 | 1981-01-27 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Hydrocarbon conversion catalyst preparation |
US4606900A (en) * | 1984-01-27 | 1986-08-19 | Sud-Chemie Aktiengesellschaft | Method of preparing crystalline zeolitic aluminosilicates |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP0512986A4 * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0600902A1 (fr) * | 1991-07-22 | 1994-06-15 | Industrial Progress, Inc. | Produits de pigmentation a base de tio 2? en agregat |
EP0600902A4 (fr) * | 1991-07-22 | 1994-11-23 | Ind Progress Inc | Produits de pigmentation a base de tio 2? en agregat. |
EP0908228A1 (fr) * | 1996-05-01 | 1999-04-14 | Adam Kozan Chuo Kenkyusho Co., Ltd. | Procedes de production d'un gel mineral et de fines |
EP0908228A4 (fr) * | 1996-05-01 | 2000-01-12 | Adam Kozan Chuo Kenkyusho Co L | Procedes de production d'un gel mineral et de fines |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IL94920A0 (en) | 1991-04-15 |
CN1031988C (zh) | 1996-06-12 |
CA2075194A1 (fr) | 1991-08-01 |
CN1053780A (zh) | 1991-08-14 |
EP0512986A1 (fr) | 1992-11-19 |
AU5546190A (en) | 1991-08-21 |
MX173809B (es) | 1994-03-29 |
IL94920A (en) | 1995-06-29 |
AU655753B2 (en) | 1995-01-12 |
ZA905091B (en) | 1991-05-29 |
EP0512986A4 (en) | 1993-04-07 |
IN171538B (fr) | 1992-11-14 |
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