WO1991006713A1 - Ancre terrestre gonflable - Google Patents

Ancre terrestre gonflable Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1991006713A1
WO1991006713A1 PCT/AU1990/000503 AU9000503W WO9106713A1 WO 1991006713 A1 WO1991006713 A1 WO 1991006713A1 AU 9000503 W AU9000503 W AU 9000503W WO 9106713 A1 WO9106713 A1 WO 9106713A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
inflatable
ground anchor
drilling
fluid
anchor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU1990/000503
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Norman Frederick Howell
Neil Edward Costello
Original Assignee
Groutco (Aust.) Pty. Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Groutco (Aust.) Pty. Ltd. filed Critical Groutco (Aust.) Pty. Ltd.
Publication of WO1991006713A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991006713A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E02D5/805—Ground anchors with deformable anchoring members

Definitions

  • THIS INVENTION relates to an inflatable ground anchor for anchoring a structural element to the earth, and to a method of using the inflatable ground anchor.
  • This invention is particularly useful for temporarily or permanently securing embankments on the side walls of an excavation, for use in preparing foundations such as in the construction of buildings, bridges, dams and so forth, and for use as a piling system.
  • United States Patent No 3,141,534 discloses a reusable, inflatable ground anchor which is effectively an enlarged tent peg incorporating an inflatable sleeve at its lower end.
  • the ground anchor is partially driven into the ground by hammering an anvil located in the top end of the anchor.
  • the anvil is then removed and the sleeve inflated with a suitable pressurised fluid, such as water or air.
  • a suitable pressurised fluid such as water or air.
  • the holding power of this anchor is limited, and in any case, is totally dependent on the sleeve remaining inflated. This is not always possible since the sleeve is formed from an elastomeric-type material, which is easily damaged during the driving operation, particularly when driven into rocky ground.
  • this anchor is a passive anchor, in that it only exerts forces on the ground in response to loads applied to the anchor; and the holding power of this type of anchor may be greatly reduced when a cyclic load is applied to the anchor.
  • United States Patent No 3,270,469 describes a more conventional ground anchor or pile, as compared to the tent peg described in U.S. Patent No. 3,141,534 above.
  • an inherent disadvantage of the ground anchor of U.S. Patent No. 3,270,469 is the requirement that a bore hole be drilled into the earth prior to inserting the inflatable ground anchor. Such predrilling is necessary to ensure that the inflatable member or sleeve is not damaged during installation, as can happen with the anchor of United States Patent No 3,141,534.
  • the necessity for a pre-drilled hole means that an extra operation is required to instal the ground anchor, and that extra time is taken, since the drilling apparatus must be removed from the bore hole before the ground anchor can be inserted.
  • ground anchors Where a large number of ground anchors are required, this extra operation will significantly increase the overall installation time and hence installation cost.
  • a further inherent disadvantage of both the ground anchors of United States Patents 3,141,534 and 3,270,469 is that their inflatable sleeve is made from an elastomeric-type material, since both ground anchors are intended to be reusable. Such an elastomeric sleeve will continue to expand in response to an increase in inflation pressure until it finally ruptures, and renders the ground anchor inoperative. Hence, the inflation pressures for these anchors must be carefully monitored to avoid rupturing, particularly if the ground anchor is being installed in cohesive soils; such as clays; or in non-cohesive soils; such as sands or muds.
  • an inflatable ground anchor comprising an elongate drilling member having a longitudinal passage therethrough; a drill bit located at a leading end of the drilling member; an inflatable member attached to the drilling member adjacent to or spaced from the drill bit and in communication with the longitudinal passage, wherein the inflatable member is inflatable to dimensions greater than the diameter of the hole which the drill bit produces; and means for inflating the inflatable member in the longitudinal passage to secure the ground anchor within the hole.
  • the elongate drilling member may be adapted to couple to a drill chuck of a rotary or rotary-percussive drilling machine.
  • the elongate drilling member comprises a plurality of hollow drilling rods joined together to form a drill string.
  • each hollow drilling rod is made from high tensile steel.
  • the drill bit used in the present invention may be formed integrally with the leading end of the lowermost drilling rod or alternatively, may be a separate component which is attached by any suitable method.
  • the drill bit may include one or more passages which are in fluid communication with the longitudinal passage of the drilling member whereby in use, the operative portion of the drill bit may be flushed clean by a fluid circulated through the drilling member.
  • the drill bit is adapted to drill rock or other "hard" materials.
  • the drill bit is adapted to drill cohesive or non-cohesive soils.
  • the inflatable member is attached to the drilling member at a location behind the drill bit, typically immediately behind the drill bit.
  • the inflatable member includes a collar at each end thereof with at least one of the collars attached to the drilling member.
  • the collar closest the drill bit is attached to the drilling member.
  • the inflatable member is suitably formed from an abrasion resistant material, such as deformable sheet metal.
  • abrasion resistant material such as deformable sheet metal.
  • the sheet metal material is no more than 6mm thick, typically being approximately 1mm thick.
  • the inflatable member can be formed from an abrasion resistant plastics material which can be woven or non-woven, and is preferably fibre-reinforced.
  • the inflatable member comprises a tubular sheet metal bladder folded partially around the outer surface of the drilling member and adapted to wedge between the drilling member and the bore hole when inflated.
  • the inflatable member comprises a tubular sheet metal casing surrounding the drilling member.
  • the inflatable member is pleated or folded to fit within the confines of the bore hole when uninflated.
  • the pleats or folds extend longitudinally along substantially the entire length of the inflatable member.
  • the inflatable member is folded in a stylised star-like manner when viewed in a transverse cross-section, but when inflated it is generally circular when viewed in a transverse cross-section.
  • the means for inflating the inflatable member can include means for diverting fluid from the longitudinal passage in the drilling member to the interior of the inflatable member.
  • the diverting means seals the distal end of the longitudinal passage so that any fluid pumped into the longitudinal passage is diverted to inflate the inflatable member.
  • the diverting means comprises a fluid passageway joining the longitudinal passage to the interior of the inflatable member, and a sealing means for sealing the fluid passage below its junction with the longitudinal passageway.
  • the sealing means can be a sphere or ball which is pumped into the drilling member when the inflatable member is to be inflated, and locates in a seat thereby sealing the fluid passage below the passageway to the inflatable member.
  • the sealing means can comprise a valve mechanism which is pressure actuated such that the valve is normally open to allow fluid to pass therethrough to the drill bit during drilling, but closes in response to a change in fluid pressure so as to divert fluid to the inflatable member.
  • the valve means can alternatively be actuated by any other suitable method, such as by a reverse rotation of the drilling member.
  • the inflatable ground anchor of this invention can further include a tubular casing surrounding at least part of the elongate drilling member.
  • This casing may be required to maintain the maximum free length of the drilling member, and hence, the drilling member can always be tensioned to the designed load.
  • the casing prevents the wall of the bore hole collapsing during drilling and/or prevents any settable fluid accumulating around the drilling member.
  • the casing member comprises a plurality of tubes joined together. Each tube can be formed from a suitable plastics material, such as polyvinylchloride (PVC) or polypropylene.
  • a method for anchoring a structural element to the earth comprising the following steps:
  • the fluid used to inflate the inflatable member may comprise water, drilling mud or a grouting material.
  • the grouting material comprises a cementitious fluid or slurry.
  • the grouting material may comprise a suitable synthetic product, such as epoxy resin.
  • the ground anchor is stressed by applying a tensile force to the drilling member, for example by using a jacking mechanism.
  • the ground anchor may be stressed by applying a compressive force to the drilling member.
  • FIG 1 shows a part cross-sectional view of an inflatable ground anchor according to a first embodiment of the invention for securing a structural element to rock or other "hard" earth material;
  • FIG 2 shows a part cross-sectional view of an inflatable ground anchor according to a second embodiment of the invention for securing a structural element to cohesive or non-cohesive soils;
  • FIG 3 shows a cross-sectional perspective view of the lower end of the ground anchor of FIG 1 when uninflated
  • FIG 4 shows a part cross-sectional perspective view of the ground anchor of FIG 1 when inflated
  • FIG 5 shows two cross-sectional views of the ground anchor of FIG 1 before and after inflation of the inflatable member
  • FIG 6 shows a cross-sectional view along line B-B of the ground anchor of FIG 5;
  • FIG 7 shows two cross-sectional views of the ground anchor of FIG 2 before and after inflation of the inflatable member
  • FIG 8 shows a part cross-sectional perspective view of the ground anchor of FIG 2 before inflation of the inflatable member
  • FIG 9 shows a part cross-sectional perspective view of the ground anchor of FIG 2 after inflation of the inflatable member.
  • an inflatable ground anchor 10 comprising an elongate drilling member 11 having a drill bit 14 connected to its leading end, and having an inflatable member or jacket 15 for securing the anchor 10 in ground 17.
  • Drilling member.11 is enclosed with a tubular casing member 23 which comprises a plurality of tubes 24 joined together to prevent the wall of bore hole 16 collapsing during drilling.
  • This particular embodiment is particularly suited for use in ground 17 comprising rock or other similar "hard" materials such as concrete. Hence, casing 23 may not be necessary.
  • Drilling member 11 comprises a plurality of conventional drilling rods 12 that have been secured together, e.g. by coupling 13, to form a drill string.
  • Each drilling rod 12 is nominally 3m long and has been formed from a high tensile steel to give a nominal ultimate tensile strength of approximately 1900 MPa.
  • Leading end drilling rod 12a is coupled or secured to drilling member 11 at one end, and to drill bit 14 at the other end.
  • Drilling member 11 includes a longitudinal fluid passage 25 therethrough, as shown in more detail in FIG 3-6, which aligns with fluid passage 26 in drill bit 14. Passages
  • 25, 26 allow the circulation of a fluid, such as air, water or drilling mud, through drilling member 11 and drill bit 14 during drilling, so that bit 14 can be cooled and cuttings
  • a fluid such as air, water or drilling mud
  • Inflatable jacket 15 is secured to the lower end of drilling rod 12a adjacent drill bit 14 by a collar 30 which has a similar diameter to shank portion 29 of bit 14.
  • Collar 30 comprises an outer ferrule 31 spaced from an inner ferrule 32 by a suitable distance so as to locate the end of jacket 15, with ferrules 31, 32 joined together by a suitable weld 33.
  • Jacket 15 is welded to collar 30 by weld 34.
  • a second collar 30 may be used to secure the upper end of jacket 15 to the drilling rod 12a.
  • Jacket 15 comprises a tubular member made from a metal sheet of nominally 3mm thickness which has been folded or wrapped at least partially around drilling rod 12a and has uninflated dimensions which allow it to fit within the confines of bore hole 16.
  • a fluid passageway comprising radial bore 36 through the wall of rod 12a and radial bore 38 through inner ferrule 32 and inner wall 15a, allows the interior space 39 of jacket 15 to be in fluid communication with fluid passage 25.
  • a pair of O-ring seals 35 are provided between collar 30 and drilling rod 12a to seal the space 37 formed between drilling rod 12a and inner ferrule 32. This permits collar 30 to be fitted to rod 12a in any rotational position and still maintain the fluid passageway described above (i.e. holes 36 and 38 do not have to be aligned as is shown in FIGS 3 and 5).
  • the drilling machine (not shown) is disconnected from drilling member 11, and a grouting machine (not shown) is connected so that jacket 15 can be inflated.
  • a ball or sphere 42 is first pumped down passage 25 until it sealingly locates on seat 43 within drill bit 14. This causes the flow of fluid or grouting material 40 (indicated generally by arrow 41) to be diverted from passage 25 through holes 36, 38 and into interior space 39.
  • the grouting is then pressurised to a pressure of approximately 28.0 MPa (4000 psi) so as to expand the outer wall 15b of jacket 15 into compressive and frictional engagement with rock 17 forming the wall of bore hole 16 as shown on the right side of FIG 5.
  • the inflation of jacket 15 also tends to cause rod 12a to be displaced from its drilling position in the centre of bore hole 16, to a position nearer the wall of bore hole 16, as is shown in FIG 4.
  • drilling member 11 can then be stressed or ten ⁇ ioned using a suitable jacking machine (not shown).
  • the maximum tension or working load which can be applied to drilling member 11 depends on the diameter of the drilling rod 12 and its effective cross- sectional area. Table 1 shows typical working load values which can be achieved for various sizes of drilling rod.
  • the tension or working load is distributed to/from structural element 21 from/to drilling member 11 via nut 18, washer 19 and a steel anchor plate 20.
  • FIGS 2 and 7-9 illustrate a second embodiment of the invention for use as a soil anchor, each component common to the first embodiment described above retaining the same reference number.
  • the inflatable ground anchor 50 comprises a drilling member 11 having a conical drill bit 51, and an inflatable member or sleeve 52 for securing the anchor 50 in soil 55.
  • sleeve 52 inflates to a much larger diameter than that achieved by jacket 15 described above, with the outer periphery 51 of sleeve 54 extending well beyond bore hole 53 into the surrounding soil.
  • Sleeve 52 surrounds or encapsulates drilling rod 12a and is formed from thin sheet metal material nominally lmm thick, which has been folded or pleated in a star-like manner to produce a series of longitudinal pleats 57 (FIGS 7-
  • End portions 58 of sleeve 52 are welded to annular flange 60.
  • Annular flange 60 is provided with radial slots 59 to prevent buckling during expansion.
  • Flange 60 is welded to collar 61 which is attached to drilling rod 12a via a pair of O-ring seals 35.
  • Collar 61 is provided with a radial bore
  • a frangible sheath 64 is also provided to protect sleeve 52 from damage during the drilling operation.
  • Sheath 64 may be made from a suitable plastics material, such as PVC.
  • Conical drill bit 51 is provided with a fluid passage 56 and a seat 43 which sealingly locates sphere 42 when sleeve 52 is to be inflated.
  • the drilling and inflating steps of installing inflatable ground anchor 50 are similar to those already described for ground anchor 10, with the exception that the grouting material 40 is pressurised to a pressure of approximately 3.5 MPa (500 psi).
  • the above described invention possesses several advantages over the prior art inflatable ground anchors.
  • the inflatable member is protected from damage during installation, since the ground-anchor is installed by drilling and not hammering; and the drilling member passes through, or next to, the inflatable member to carry all the installation loads. Hence the inflatable member does not distort or buckle as would be the case in prior art hammered ground anchors.
  • the ground anchor may include two or more inflatable members at any convenient spacing, since the drilling member is assembled during the drilling process and a drilling rod, similar to rod 12a may be inserted at any suitable location in the drill string.

Abstract

Ancre terrestre gonflable pour ancrer un élément de construction à la terre. L'ancre comprend un élément de perforation (11) creux de forme allongée avec une mèche (14) fixée à son extrémité de perforation et un élément gonflable (15) pour bloquer l'ancre dans le sol. L'élément gonflable communique par liquide avec l'élément de perforation creux et est gonflé par le liquide sous pression pompé dans l'élément de perforation quand la profondeur d'ancrage désirée est atteinte.
PCT/AU1990/000503 1989-10-24 1990-10-23 Ancre terrestre gonflable WO1991006713A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPJ6991 1989-10-24
AUPJ699189 1989-10-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1991006713A1 true WO1991006713A1 (fr) 1991-05-16

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ID=3774295

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU1990/000503 WO1991006713A1 (fr) 1989-10-24 1990-10-23 Ancre terrestre gonflable

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO1991006713A1 (fr)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993001360A1 (fr) * 1991-07-01 1993-01-21 Soilex Ab Procede d'installation d'un element d'ancrage dans le sol et element d'ancrage
FR2744371A1 (fr) * 1996-02-06 1997-08-08 Sebih Kaddour Systeme d'ancrage pour fixer un ensemble basket de plage
FR2766730A1 (fr) * 1997-08-04 1999-02-05 Kaddour Sebih Systeme d'ancrage pour volley de plage
WO2001053611A1 (fr) 2000-01-24 2001-07-26 Geotechnical Reinforcement Company, Inc. Procédé et dispositif permettant de renforcer le sol
NL1017530C2 (nl) * 2001-03-07 2002-09-13 Hollandsche Betongroep Nv Werkwijze en inrichting voor het opdrukken en verdichten van een grondlichaam.
WO2003062599A1 (fr) 2002-01-22 2003-07-31 Techmo Entwicklungs- Und Vertriebs Gmbh Boulons d'ancrage a elements expansibles
WO2004018781A1 (fr) * 2002-08-23 2004-03-04 Soilex Ab Procede de fabrication d'un pieu ou d'une ancre de terre
US7320371B2 (en) 2004-03-23 2008-01-22 “ALWAG” Tunnelausbau Gesellschaft m.b.H. Method and device for producing pretensioned anchorings
US7325628B2 (en) 2001-12-20 2008-02-05 Acergy Uk Limited Anchor for vehicle, vehicle and anchor in combination, and method of using the anchor
US7682378B2 (en) * 2004-11-10 2010-03-23 Dfine, Inc. Bone treatment systems and methods for introducing an abrading structure to abrade bone
US8562607B2 (en) 2004-11-19 2013-10-22 Dfine, Inc. Bone treatment systems and methods
CN103898896A (zh) * 2012-12-28 2014-07-02 青岛天力建筑加固工程有限公司 预埋件灌浆密实回填土的方法
CN109162305A (zh) * 2018-11-14 2019-01-08 中国建材检验认证集团徐州有限公司 一种基桩静载荷试验可回收地锚反力装置
NL2022422B1 (nl) * 2019-01-18 2020-08-18 Kloosterman Waterbouw B V Werkwijze voor het verankeren van een civiel object in de grond alsmede verankeringsinrichting voor toepassing in een dergelijke werkwijze.
CN117268902A (zh) * 2023-10-30 2023-12-22 中国地质大学（北京） 用于原位直剪试验的抗拔装置及使用方法

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3141534A (en) * 1960-08-17 1964-07-21 James M Dunston Inflatable ground anchor
FR1368122A (fr) * 1963-01-28 1964-07-31 Controle Tech Et D Expertise D Procédé d'ancrage et dispositif d'ancrage amovible
US3270469A (en) * 1963-01-28 1966-09-06 Ct Ex De Rech S Et D Etudes Du Expansible, removable ground anchoring device
CH564654A5 (en) * 1973-01-17 1975-07-31 Otta Ladislav Ground anchor for bore mounting - has deformable body for making friction contact with borehole wall
US4487528A (en) * 1981-11-16 1984-12-11 Atlas Copco Aktibolag Earth anchoring expansion body having folded sheet metal casing
JPS63280121A (ja) * 1987-05-11 1988-11-17 Shin Gijutsu Koei Kk アンカー体及びグランドアンカー構造物

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3141534A (en) * 1960-08-17 1964-07-21 James M Dunston Inflatable ground anchor
FR1368122A (fr) * 1963-01-28 1964-07-31 Controle Tech Et D Expertise D Procédé d'ancrage et dispositif d'ancrage amovible
US3270469A (en) * 1963-01-28 1966-09-06 Ct Ex De Rech S Et D Etudes Du Expansible, removable ground anchoring device
CH564654A5 (en) * 1973-01-17 1975-07-31 Otta Ladislav Ground anchor for bore mounting - has deformable body for making friction contact with borehole wall
US4487528A (en) * 1981-11-16 1984-12-11 Atlas Copco Aktibolag Earth anchoring expansion body having folded sheet metal casing
JPS63280121A (ja) * 1987-05-11 1988-11-17 Shin Gijutsu Koei Kk アンカー体及びグランドアンカー構造物

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, M-802, page 43; & JP,A,63 280 121 (SHIN GIJUTSU KOEI K.K.), 17 November 1988. *

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993001360A1 (fr) * 1991-07-01 1993-01-21 Soilex Ab Procede d'installation d'un element d'ancrage dans le sol et element d'ancrage
US5465535A (en) * 1991-07-01 1995-11-14 Soilex Ab Method of installing a soil anchor and a soil anchor
FR2744371A1 (fr) * 1996-02-06 1997-08-08 Sebih Kaddour Systeme d'ancrage pour fixer un ensemble basket de plage
FR2766730A1 (fr) * 1997-08-04 1999-02-05 Kaddour Sebih Systeme d'ancrage pour volley de plage
WO2001053611A1 (fr) 2000-01-24 2001-07-26 Geotechnical Reinforcement Company, Inc. Procédé et dispositif permettant de renforcer le sol
NL1017530C2 (nl) * 2001-03-07 2002-09-13 Hollandsche Betongroep Nv Werkwijze en inrichting voor het opdrukken en verdichten van een grondlichaam.
US7325628B2 (en) 2001-12-20 2008-02-05 Acergy Uk Limited Anchor for vehicle, vehicle and anchor in combination, and method of using the anchor
AT412739B (de) * 2002-01-22 2005-06-27 Techmo Entw & Vertriebs Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum bohren eines loches in boden- oder gesteinsmaterial und zum ausbilden einer verankerung
US7004686B2 (en) 2002-01-22 2006-02-28 Techmo Entwicklungs- Und Vertriebs Gmbh Rock bolts with expandable element
AU2003205414B2 (en) * 2002-01-22 2007-12-13 "Alwag" Tunnelausbau Gesellschaft Mbh Rock bolts with an expandable element
WO2003062599A1 (fr) 2002-01-22 2003-07-31 Techmo Entwicklungs- Und Vertriebs Gmbh Boulons d'ancrage a elements expansibles
WO2004018781A1 (fr) * 2002-08-23 2004-03-04 Soilex Ab Procede de fabrication d'un pieu ou d'une ancre de terre
US7320371B2 (en) 2004-03-23 2008-01-22 “ALWAG” Tunnelausbau Gesellschaft m.b.H. Method and device for producing pretensioned anchorings
US7682378B2 (en) * 2004-11-10 2010-03-23 Dfine, Inc. Bone treatment systems and methods for introducing an abrading structure to abrade bone
US8562607B2 (en) 2004-11-19 2013-10-22 Dfine, Inc. Bone treatment systems and methods
CN103898896A (zh) * 2012-12-28 2014-07-02 青岛天力建筑加固工程有限公司 预埋件灌浆密实回填土的方法
CN109162305A (zh) * 2018-11-14 2019-01-08 中国建材检验认证集团徐州有限公司 一种基桩静载荷试验可回收地锚反力装置
NL2022422B1 (nl) * 2019-01-18 2020-08-18 Kloosterman Waterbouw B V Werkwijze voor het verankeren van een civiel object in de grond alsmede verankeringsinrichting voor toepassing in een dergelijke werkwijze.
CN117268902A (zh) * 2023-10-30 2023-12-22 中国地质大学（北京） 用于原位直剪试验的抗拔装置及使用方法

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