Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H9/00—Details
  • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
  • F24H9/001—Guiding means
  • F24H9/0026—Guiding means in combustion gas channels
  • F24H9/0031—Guiding means in combustion gas channels with means for changing or adapting the path of the flue gas
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
  • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
  • F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
  • F24H1/26—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body
  • F24H1/28—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body including one or more furnace or fire tubes
  • F24H1/282—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body including one or more furnace or fire tubes with flue gas passages built-up by coaxial water mantles
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H9/00—Details
  • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
  • F24H9/0036—Dispositions against condensation of combustion products

Definitions

• the invention relates to a boiler, in particular for use with a multi-stage or modulating burner, with a heat exchange valve, a water jacket surrounding it, which has an outer wall on an inner wall, and a further water jacket arranged in the heat exchange room, which extends over part extends the length of the heat exchange space and thus forms an intermediate space and encases an interior.
• French patent specification 2,154,347 describes a boiler in which two cylindrical water jackets are arranged concentrically to one another.
• the inner space encased by the inner water jacket forms the burner chamber, while the space between the water jackets serves as a flue gas duct.
• the construction of this boiler is relatively complicated. The manufacture is therefore relatively expensive, and the service work is difficult to carry out and time-consuming.
• a particular disadvantage is the risk of cold spots, where, with reduced burner output, pollutants from the flue gases can condense, which then leads to corrosion problems.
• This boiler is therefore unsuitable for operation with a multi-stage burner.
• the prior art boiler also sees no means for hot water preparation, i.e. for so-called hot water preparation.
• the boiler should also be suitable for use with a multi-stage or modulating burner without the risk of corrosion consists. Furthermore, the boiler should have low standstill losses and, if possible, should also be suitable for treating hot water.
• this object is achieved in a boiler of the type mentioned at the outset in that, in addition to the outlet leading from the intermediate space, an outlet leading from the interior for flue gases is provided and that means for regulating a flue gas flow from the outlet of the intermediate space and / or are provided for regulating a flue gas flow from the outlet of the interior. If the means for regulating the flue gas flows permit a flue gas flow both from the intermediate space and from the interior, the boiler can be operated at full load. The flue gases can then flow both through the space between the two water jackets and through the interior of the further water jacket and thereby transfer enough heat to these water jackets that they leave the boiler with a relatively low flue gas temperature.
• the boiler is only operated at partial load, which can be, for example, thirty percent of the full load, the outlet from the intermediate space is closed, so that the flue gases can only flow through the interior. There is then no risk that they will cool down too much and that condensation problems occur in the rear part of the boiler.
• the boiler is therefore well suited for use with a two-stage burner.
• a modulating burner which can be regulated continuously from minimum load to full load.
• the present invention also has the advantage that the same size of donkey can be used for a relatively large power range.
• the same boiler size can be used for a relatively large output range. This means that there are considerably fewer different boiler sizes manufactured and kept in stock than was previously necessary. This enables a considerable reduction in production and storage costs.
• a flue gas flap is expediently provided as a means for regulating the flue gas flow. It can be provided that the. Outlets open into a common smoke pipe and that the flue gas flap is arranged so that when the outlet leading from the intermediate space is closed, it opens the outlet leading from the interior. For maximum burner output, the flue gas flap can thus be brought into a central position and the outlet from the intermediate space is closed for minimum burner output. In the middle position, the flue gas flap has practically no throttling effect for the two outlets. With a motor drive, however, it is also possible to bring the flue gas flap into a position in which it exerts a throttling effect on one of the outlets.
• the water jacket surrounding the heat exchange space is advantageously a double jacket with an inner and an outer jacket space, which are separated from one another by a central wall.
• the water in the inner jacket space is heated faster than the water in the outer jacket area when the boiler is started up.
• the relatively cool return water flowing back during operation of the heating boiler cannot act on the inner wall.
• the water contained in the inner jacket space acts as a buffer against excessive cooling of the inner wall. This is particularly advantageous in low-temperature heating systems, where the return temperature is relatively low. As a result, there is no risk of the formation of undesirable condensates, which can result in corrosion.
• Another important advantage of the described One implementation is that standstill losses are greatly reduced.
• the water in the inner jacket space acts as insulation for the outer jacket room when the burner is at a standstill.
• the distance between the middle wall and the outer wall of the double jacket is expediently substantially greater than the distance between the inner wall and the middle wall. This results in a sufficient volume for the boiler water required, for example, for space heating.
• the boiler is advantageously designed such that the further water jacket is approximately half as long as the first-mentioned water jacket. This creates a combustion chamber with a large diameter on the burner side, which is especially suitable for modern ones Gasification burner with a rapidly expanding flame is suitable. Strongly expanding flames have a favorable flame temperature at which the formation of nitrogen oxides is very low.
• the further water jacket is advantageously attached to the rear wall of the heat exchange space. This results in a simple construction of the boiler, in which the interior is easily accessible in order to carry out cleaning work.
• a core body is advantageously arranged in the interior enclosed by the further water jacket, forming an intermediate space.
• This intermediate space allows the smoke gases to be guided to promote heat transfer.
• the various components of the boiler are advantageously designed to be cylindrical. This enables a rational and inexpensive manufacture of the boiler, in particular if the various elements are arranged coaxially with one another.
• the boiler can be implemented, for example, as a welded steel structure.
• the further water jacket and the core body can also be surrounded by an approximately helical flue gas duct.
• Such flue gas channels represent a relatively long way for the flue gases, so that an optimal heat exchange takes place. All heat exchange surfaces are smeared evenly by the flue gases. This also has the advantage that the risk of condensation from the flue gases is reduced even further.
• the flue gas ducts are expediently dimensioned such that the boiler works with an overpressure in the combustion chamber of about 0.5 As 6 mm mercury column, preferably 2 mm. This presupposes the use of means for generating the excess pressure, for example a fan burner. Such a combination works very quietly.
• the flue gas ducts can be formed by an insert from a helically wound sheet metal strip. This enables the flue gas ducts to be designed extremely cheaply. This version also has the advantage that the boiler can be cleaned using a screw insert can easily be pulled out.
• the cross section of the flue gas ducts advantageously decreases from front to back. Because the flue gases cool down on the way back, their volume decreases so that the cross-section at the back can be made smaller than at the front. This reduction in cross-section has the advantage that the length of the flue gas duct can be made longer. It is particularly advantageous that the smoke gas duct provides strong noise reduction.
• the changing cross section prevents the formation of resonant vibrations.
• the progressive reduction of the cross section can be achieved, for example, by the fact that the pitch of the helically wound sheet metal strip decreases from the front to the rear. Since a helically wound sheet metal strip is relatively unstable, the turns of the sheet metal strip are expediently connected to one another with spacers. This allows the desired distance between two turns to be defined.
• the core body is advantageously hollow. For example, openings can be provided in the jacket.
• the cavity in the core body dampens vibrations.
• the gas volume in the core body can absorb pressure differences which arise from the so-called start-up shock when the flame is ignited.
• the core body thus acts as a silencer. Particularly good sound damping properties are achieved if the cavity is loosely filled with mineral fibers, e.g. Rock wool, is filled. This filling also largely prevents undesired heat transfer.
• the further water jacket is advantageously connected in series with the inner jacket space of the double jacket. This causes hot water to flow from the inner jacket space into the further water jacket, so that it is brought quickly over the dew point area, where no more condensation can take place. It is expedient between the further Water jacket and the inner jacket space arranged a pump. This ensures good circulation, which in turn causes a good temperature distribution. Since the volume of water is relatively small and can therefore be circulated quickly, the heat is dissipated quickly and boiling noises are avoided.
• a valve can also be provided in order to charge a boiler.
• the flow and return of the heating circuit are expediently connected to the outer jacket space of the double jacket. It is advantageous if the flow is connected to one end of the double jacket and the return to the other end of the double jacket.
• the invention also relates to a boiler with a heat exchange space and a water jacket surrounding it, which has an outer wall and an inner wall.
• this boiler is characterized in that the water jacket is a double jacket which has an inner and an outer jacket space, which are separated from one another by a central wall.
• This boiler represents a simplification of the boiler described above. It is essential that the same components can be used for the most part for both types of boiler. It proves to be advantageous to arrange a core body in the jacket space to form an intermediate space. This in turn brings the advantages of an inexpensive flue gas duct, wherein a helical flue gas duct can also be used, as was described above.
• Fig. 1 shows schematically a boiler and its use in a heating system with a two-stage or a modulating burner and
• Fig. 2 shows a simplified version of the boiler, the Particularly suitable for a heating system with a single-stage burner.
• the heating system of Fig. 1 shows a boiler 10 which consists of a multi-stage, e.g. two-stage, or a modulating burner 11 is fired.
• the heat exchange space 13 is surrounded by a water jacket 15.
• the water jacket 15 is designed as a double jacket with an inner jacket space 17 and an outer jacket space 19.
• the inner casing space 17 is separated from the outer casing space 19 by a central wall 21.
• the distance between the inner wall 23 and the middle wall 21 is relatively small, e.g. 10 to 15 mm. In a 25 KW boiler, the water volume in the inner jacket space is kept at about five liters.
• the distance between the middle wall 21 and the outer wall 25 is, depending on requirements, much greater than the distance between the inner wall 23 and the middle wall 21. Since the pollutant emissions are greatest at the start and when parking,
• the water volume of the outer jacket space is to be measured.
• the relatively small water volume of the inner jacket space 17 can quickly be brought to operating temperature.
• a further cylindrical water jacket 27 is arranged concentrically with the preferably cylindrical double jacket 15.
• the inner jacket space 17 is connected in series with the water jacket 27 via a line 28 in order to avoid condensation and corrosion problems.
• the water jacket 27 is fastened to the rear wall 29 of the heat exchange space 13 and extends only over part of the length, for example half, of the heat exchange space 13.
• the front part 31 of the heat exchange space 13 therefore represents a combustion chamber with a relatively large size Diameter which is particularly suitable for modern gasification burners with a strongly expanding flame.
• the space between the double jacket 15 and the further water jacket 27 has a flue gas outlet 33 at the rear, which can be closed by a flue gas flap 39.
• the interior 35 surrounded by the further water jacket 27 has a flue gas outlet 37.
• the flue gas flap 39 is driven to drive the flue gas flap 39 Solenoid or a motor 41.
• the flue gas damper is then manually brought into the position in which the exhaust gas temperature has the optimum value.
• a hollow cylindrical core body 43 is arranged concentrically with the further water jacket 27. This is closed at the front by a plate 45 made of refractory material. In the case of an atomizing burner, the plate 45 serves as a combustion aid. Any oil droplets that hit it can evaporate on the hot surface, whereupon the resulting gas burns practically without the formation of pollutants.
• the rear part is also advantageously closed off by a disk 47. In the coat
• a helical flue gas duct 54 or 56 is formed both in the intermediate space 53 and in the intermediate space 55.
• These flue gas channels 54, 56 consist of a helically wound sheet metal strip, which has the shape of an insert. The slope of the helically wound sheet metal strip decreases from the front to the rear, so that the cross section of the flue gas duct also decreases from the front to the rear.
• the turns of the sheet metal strip are with spacers, e.g. Rods (not drawn), connected together.
• the use of the boiler 10 in a heating system can also be seen from FIG.
• the flow 59 leads from the front end of the outer casing space 19 to a mixing valve 61 and from there via the circulation pump 63 to the consumers 65.
• the return flow 67 is fed to the outer casing space 19 at the rear end of the boiler.
• a bypass 70 leads from the return 67 to the mixing valve 61.
• a feed line 71 leads from the further water jacket 27 to the heat exchanger coil 73 of the boiler 75.
• the return line 77 from the heat exchanger coil 73 leads via the valve 79 and the pump 81 to the inner jacket space 17.
• a bypass 83 to the valve 79 is provided from the feed line 71.
• the reference numeral 85 schematically shows a control device which controls the heating system.
• the simplified embodiment of the boiler according to FIG. 2 differs from that of FIG. 1 in that a further water jacket and a further flue gas outlet with a flue gas flap are missing.
• the core body 43 has a larger diameter. This diameter corresponds to the diameter of the further water jacket 27 of FIG. 1.
• the boiler of FIG. 2 can therefore be built with practically the same parts as the boiler of FIG. 1, which has a favorable effect on the production costs and the spare parts inventory. Since the further water jacket 27 has been left out of FIG. 1, in the embodiment of FIG. 2 the flow line 71 leads from the inner jacket space 17 to the heat exchanger coil 73. Otherwise, the heating system is configured in the same way as in FIG. so that reference can be made to the relevant description.
• the burner When charging the boiler, the burner runs at full load. Relatively cool water is pumped into the inner jacket space 17 by the pump 81 and distributed fairly quickly and uniformly over the entire jacket space. Rapid preheating takes place, whereupon the water flows into the inner water jacket 27, is further heated there and flows back to the heat exchanger coil 73 of the boiler 75. In the boiler 75, heat exchange is used to heat the process water.
• the controller 85 requests heat generation for space heating, the pump runs 81 even if the boiler 75 does not need to be charged. However, since the water heated in the inner water jacket flows through the bypass 83, it reaches the inner jacket room 17 without any noticeable heat loss.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
• Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
• Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
• Details Of Fluid Heaters (AREA)
• Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
• Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
• Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)
• Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
• Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
• Chimneys And Flues (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=4232065

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (10)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (3)

Citations (8)

• 1990
  • 1990-06-21 PL PL90285725A patent/PL164910B1/pl unknown
  • 1990-06-22 DE DE9090810472T patent/DE59000086D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1990-06-22 AU AU58328/90A patent/AU5832890A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1990-06-22 EP EP90810472A patent/EP0406173B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1990-06-22 WO PCT/CH1990/000150 patent/WO1991000481A1/de active Application Filing
  • 1990-06-22 HU HU904743A patent/HU209911B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1990-06-22 CA CA002033988A patent/CA2033988A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1990-06-22 AT AT90810472T patent/ATE75024T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1990-06-25 DD DD90342042A patent/DD295904A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1990-06-26 CZ CS903062A patent/CZ281126B6/cs unknown

Patent Citations (8)

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