CS306290A3 - Water heater - Google Patents

Abstract

A heating boiler comprises a heat-exchange chamber (13) surrounded by a heating jacket (15). Another water jacket (27) arranged concentrically with the latter extends, at the rear of the heating boiler, over approximately half the length of the heating jacket (15). A concentric core body (43) is located inside the water jacket (27). Helical flue gas channels (54, 56) each provided with an outlet (33, 37, respectively), are arranged in the spaces (53, 55, respectively. A flue gas flap (39) is located in the opening region of the outlets (33, 37). In the central position illustrated, the flue gases can escape virtually unhindered from both flue gas channels. This corresponds to full-load operation of the burner (11). At minimal load, the outlet (33) is closed by the flue gas flap. In both cases, however, the flue gas temperature is the same. This prevents the temperature in every part of the heating boiler from descending below the dew point.

Description

30 (Z -

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a heating boiler, in particular to a multi-stage or modulated burner, to a heat exchange space, a water jacket surrounding it and having an outer wall and an inner wall, and a further water jacket arranged in a heat exchange space that lies in one part of the length of the heat exchange space, creating an interspace and enveloping the interior space.

French patent specification 2 154 5 7 discloses a heating boiler in which two cylindrical water jackets are arranged coaxially with one another. In doing so, the inner space covered by the inner water jacket forms a combustion space, while the space between the water jacket serves as a flue gas channel. There is a screw insert in this flue gas channel. This heating boiler is relatively complicated. Consequently, making is relatively expensive and service is difficult to implement and time consuming. Especially unfavorable is the danger of cold spots where condensation of harmful substances from the flue gases can occur with reduced burner output, leading to corrosion problems. This heating coil is therefore not suitable for multi-stage burner operation. This well-known heating boiler also has no means for preparing hot water, that is to say the so-called service water preparation.

It is important that the performance of the boiler and the burner are consistent. Therefore, in the lower area of performance, the need for boilers with a grading of about kW has been necessary. the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a structurally simple and cost-effective heating boiler with a high thermal efficiency rating. This heating boiler should also be suitable for use with a multi-stage or modulated burner without the risk of corrosion. Furthermore, this heating boiler should exhibit low losses from downtime and, if possible, also for hot water.

According to the invention, this object is solved by a heating boiler of the type described in the preamble, in that, in addition to the outlet leading from the intermediate chamber, a flue gas outlet from the internal space is designed and a means for regulating the flue gas flow from and / or to control the flue gas flow from the exit of the interior space. When these flue gas flow control means allow the flue gas flow both from the interspace and from the interior, the heating boiler can operate with full load. The flue gases can then flow both through the interspace between the two water casings as well as through the interior of the other water jacket, transferring so much heat to the water casings that they leave the heating boiler at a relatively low exhaust gas temperature. If the all-boiler is operated only at a partial load, which can be, for example, thirty percent, the outlet from the interspace is closed so that the flue gases can only flow through the internal space. Then there is no danger of condensation problems forming in the rear of the boiler. Thus, this heating boiler is well suited for use with a two-stage burner. However, it would also be possible to use a modulated burner which can be controlled without jumps from minimum rejection to full load. In this case, it is expedient to select a motor drive for the flue gas damper, so that it can also be regulated in the gas flow. Thus, it is possible to control the size of the flue gas flow that flows through the interspace. The present invention also has the advantage that the same boiler size can be used for a relatively large power range. By using this one-burner heating boiler, the same boiler size can be used for a comparatively large power range. Thus, it is more difficult to produce substantially less different sizes of heating boilers and keep them in stock than was previously the case. This allows a considerable reduction in production and storage costs. When installing a heating coil with a single-stage burner, it is advisable to adjust the flue gas flow regulating means according to the burner output or the optimum exhaust gas temperature manually. Preferably, a flue gas flap is provided as the flue gas flow control means. In this case, it may be provided that the outlets open into a common smoke pipe and that the flue gas flap is arranged such that when closing the outlet from the interspace it opens the outlet from the inner space. For maximum burner performance, the flue gas damper can be brought into the middle position and closed for the minimum burner output. In the middle position, the flap gas has virtually no throttling effect for both outlets. However, it is also possible to drive the flue gas flap to a position in which it exerts a throttling effect on some of the outlets. Preferably, the water shed, which surrounds the heat exchanger compartment, is double shy with one inner and one outer sheath separated by a middle wall. In this embodiment, when the heating boiler is actuated, the heater in the inner shell space is faster than the water in the outer shell. Consequently, there is a risk of condensation forming during the cold start-up only for a very short period. Furthermore, relatively cold return water can spray internal walls when the boiler is operating. More or less, the water contained in the inner shell acts as a bumper against excessive cooling of the inner walls. This is the greatest advantage of low temperature heating when the return temperature is relatively low. As a result, there is no danger of forming undesired condensates which can result in corrosion. Another important advantage of this embodiment is that the downtime losses are greatly reduced. The water in the inner shell acts as an insulation of the outer shell when the burner is at rest.

It has proven particularly advantageous to keep the distance between the inner wall and the middle wall of the double skin relatively small, preferably 10 to 1 mm. In this way, the temperature layering of the water in the inner shell is prevented once. Thus, a good temperature distribution occurs. Furthermore, boiling noise is avoided. The volume of water inside the honeycomb space is relatively small. This has the advantage that during operation a relatively rapid heating of the water in the inner shell takes place, thereby avoiding the corrosion problem on the one hand and, on the other hand, a quick filling of the boiler can be used when this water is consumed. This boiler can. Therefore, it can be designed relatively small, since it can be drained off practically from a hot water flow heater with high consumption of hot water.

Since the water content of the inner shell is small, it is possible to lose relatively little heat by loss of downtime by cooling the water after filling the boiler. Hot water is also produced in summer with a very high overall efficiency. This is in striking contrast to the known heating boilers, whose overall degree of efficiency is notoriously low in summer, so electrical heating is generally proposed for summer. Preferably, the distance between the middle wall and the outer wall of the double skin is substantially greater than the distance between the inner wall and the middle wall. This creates a sufficient volume of water in the boiler, necessary for example for heating the room. DRIVING YOUR EQUIPMENT WITH THIS WATER, THE WATER SHEET is about half as long as the aforementioned water jacket. This generates a large diameter combustion chamber on the burner, which is especially suited for modern gasification burners with a heavily expanding flame. Heavily expanding flames have the most favorable flame temperature at which the formation of nitrogen oxides is very low.

The further water shed is preferably fixed to the rear wall of the heat exchange space. This gives a simple construction of the heating coil, in which the interior is accessible, so that cleaning work can be carried out. Preferably, a core body is provided in the inner space surrounded by another water jacket to form an interspace. This intermediate space allows the flue gases to be conveyed through the heat transfer. The various parts of the boiler are preferably made cylindrical. This makes it possible to produce a heating boiler in a rational and cost-effective manner, in particular when the various elements are arranged with each other. For example, this heating boiler can be implemented as a welded steel structure. Also, the other water jacket and core body may be surrounded by an approximately helical flue gas channel. Such flue gas channels represent a relatively long flue gas path, so that optimum heat exchange occurs. All heat transfer surfaces are flushed evenly with the flue gases. This also has the advantage that the risk of condensation water formation from the flue gases is further reduced. The dimensioning of the flue gas channels is preferably carried out in such a way that the heating coil operates in a combustion chamber with an overpressure of about 0.5 to 6 mm of mercury column, preferably 2 mm. This implies the use of means for achieving overpressure, e.g., a smoke-burner. Such a combination works very quietly. The flue gas ducts may be formed by an insert of a helical wound sheet metal waist. This permits at most cheap flue gas designs. Furthermore, this embodiment has the advantage that, in the cleaning of the heating boiler, the insert formed from the helical coiled sheet metal strip can be easily removed. The cross-section of the flue gas channels preferably decreases from the front to the rear. Since the flue gases are cooled back on the road, their volume is reduced, so that the cross section may be smaller in size than in the front. This reduction in cross-section has the advantage that the length of the flue gas duct can be made larger. The changing cross-section prevents the formation of resonant vibrations. For example, a progressive reduction in cross-section can be achieved by decreasing the pitch of the helical coiled coil belt downward. Since the helical coiled sheet metal strip is relatively unstable, the coil hinge strip is preferably connected to one another by spacers, so that a desired spacing between the two coils can be provided. The core body is preferably hollow. For example, openings may be provided in the housing. The hollow space in the core body is damped against vibration. In particular, the volume of gas in the core body may have such differences that arise from the so-called start-up shock upon ignition of the flame. The core body acts as a sound absorber. Particularly good sound damping properties are obtained when the hollow space is loosely filled with mineral fibers, for example asbestos wool. This filler is also largely avoided by undesirable heat transfer. Preferably, the further water sheath is arranged in series with the inner sheath of the double sheath. This causes the hot water to flow from the inner shell to the next water jacket so that it is quickly passed through the dew point where no condensation can take place. Preferably, a pump is arranged between the further water jacket and the inner shell. This results in a good circulation, which in turn causes a good temperature distribution. Since the volume is relatively low in water and can therefore be recirculated rapidly, the heat is removed and the boiling noise is removed. One more valve may be designed to fill the boiler. Preferably, the hot water outlet and the heating circuit return pipe are connected to the outer shell. It is advantageous here if the outlet connected to one end of the double jacket is a return branch to the other end of the double shell.

The invention also relates to a heating boiler with a heat exchange space and a water jacket surrounding it and having an outer wall and an inner wall. According to the invention, the heating boiler is characterized by the fact that the water shed is a double shell having one inner and one outer shell which are separated by a central wall. This heating boiler represents a simplification of the heating boiler described above. It is essential here that the same structural elements can be used for the most part of the heating boiler obatypes. In this case, it has proven advantageous to provide a core body in the casing space to form an intermediate space. This again brings the advantages of a suitable flue gas conduit, whereby a helical flue gas channel is also usable, as described above.

The invention will now be described with reference to the drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a heating boiler and its use in a heating system with a two-stage or modular burner; and FIG. 2 is a simplified embodiment of a heating boiler which is particularly suitable for heating single-stage burner.

The heating device of FIG. 1 shows a heating boiler 10 which is operated with a multi-stage, e.g. two-stage or modulated burner 11. The heat exchange space 15 is surrounded by a water jacket 15. This water jacket 19 is formed as a double jacket with an inner jacket space. and the outer casing A2 · The inner casing space is separated from the outer casing 19 by a central wall 21. The distance between the inner wall 29 and the middle wall 21 is relatively small, e.g. 10-15 mm. For a 25 kW boiler, the water volume in the inner shell is maintained at approximately five liters. The distance between the inner wall 21 and the outer wall 28 is always substantially greater than the distance between the inner wall 25a and the middle wall 21. Since the emissions of harmful substances are the largest, the short running times of the burner must be removed, according to this is to measure the volume of water of the outer shell space 19. The relatively small water volume of the inner shell 17 can be brought to the operating temperature quickly. Preferably, the cylindrical double shell 15 is arranged in a further cylindrical water jacket 27. in series with the water jacket 27 via conduit 28 to remove condensation water and corrosion problems. The water jacket 2 is fixed to the rear wall 29 of the heat exchange space 15 and extends only to a portion of the length, eg, half of the heat transfer space 13. The front portion 51 of the heat exchange space 13 is thus a relatively large diameter combustion space which is particularly strongly deteriorated for modern gasification burners. with an expanding flame. The space between the double jacket 15 and the other jacket 27 has a flue gas outlet 33 that can be closed by the flue gas flap 39. The interior 53 enclosed by the further water jacket 27 has a flue gas outlet 37. A solenoid or motor 41 is provided in the flue gas damper drive 59. When using a boiler with one single-stage burner, the drive is superfluous. The flue gas damper is then adjusted to the respective position manually, in which the outlet gas temperature has an optimum value. A coaxial hollow cylindrical core body 43 is arranged coaxially with another water jacket 27, which is closed at the front with a sheet 42 of fireproof material. In the atomizing burner, this plate serves as an aid to combustion. Any droplets of oil that may be present may evaporate on the hot surface, whereby the resulting gas burns practically without the formation of harmful substances. Also, the rear portion is preferably closed by the disc 47. There is a plurality of openings 60 in the shell 42. In the hollow space 50 there is an asbestos wool filler 52 or the like. This achieves noise damping and avoids undesired heat transfer to outlet 55. A helical flue gas conduit 54 or 56 is formed both in the interspace 55 and in the interspace 55. These flue gas channels 54, 56 consist of a helical coiled sheet of metal having the shape of an insert. The pitch of the helical coil strip decreases from front to back so that the cross-section of the flue gas duct also falls forward to the rear. The threads of the sheet metal strip are connected to each other by spacer brackets, e.g., bars which are not marked. Figure 1 also shows the use of a boiler 10 in a heating installation. From the front end of the outer shell 19, the outlet branch 59 leads to the mixing valve 61, and from there the circulation pump 65 to the consumers 65 " The return line 67 is fed at the rear end of the boiler 10 to the outer shell 10. The return line 67 leads to a mixing valve 61 of the flow 70

From the other water jacket 27, the outlet conduit 71 leads to the coil 75 of the heat exchanger 75 of the boiler 75 «The return line 77 from the serpent 75 through the valve 79 and the pump 81 to the inner shell 17. A bypass 85« 12 is provided to the valve 79 from the outlet line 71. -

Reference numeral 85 ' is a schematic of a control device that controls a heating device.

The simplified embodiment of the heating boiler according to FIG. 2 differs from the embodiment of FIG. 1 in that there is no further casing and a further flue gas outlet with the flue gas flap. Therefore, the core body 45 has a larger diameter. This diameter corresponds to the diameter of the other water jacket 27 of FIG. 1. Thus, the boiler according to FIG. 2 can be practically assembled from the same parts as the heating boiler according to FIG. . Since the further water jacket 27 of FIG. 1 has been omitted, FIG. 2, an outlet conduit 71 from the inner casing space 17k of the heat exchanger snake 75. Further, the heating device is provided as in Fig. 1, so that reference can be made to the respective description.

Various variations are possible without departing from the spirit of the invention. Thus, it is also possible, for example, to construct a boiler with a vertical constructional arrangement.

The operation of the heating device according to FIG. When loading the boiler, the burner with full load is running. The relatively cold water is pumped through the pump 81 into the inner shell 17 and distributed quite quickly and uniformly throughout the shell. Rapid preheating takes place, whereupon the water stream of the inner water jacket 27 is further heated and flows back into the coil 73 of the boiler heat exchanger 73 »In the boiler 73 the service water is heated by hot exchange. When the controller 83 requires heat to heat the rooms, the pump 81 runs even though the boiler 73 does not need to be filled. However, since the water heating through the inner water jacket flows through the bypass 83 ', the heat loss from the inner shell 17 or from the heat transfer space 13 ' is transmitted directly to the inner wall 23 ' 21 on the outer shell 19 in which the circulation of the circulation pump 63 is a circulation which favors heat exchange.

Claims (40)

14 - Μ- ?? PATENT CLAIMS š? / A heating boiler, in particular for use with a multi-stage or mulch burner, with a heat exchange space, a water jacket surrounding it and having an outer wall and an inner wall, and a further water jacket arranged in a heat exchange space extending over a portion of the length The heat exchange space thus forms an interspace and encapsulates the interior space, and with the flue gas outlet extending from the interspace, characterized in that a flue gas outlet (37) is generated in addition to the outlet (53) leading from the interspace (53). and that a means is provided for regulating the flow of flue gas from the outlet of the interspace and / or for regulating the flow of flue gas from the outlet of the interior space. Heating boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that a flue gas damper (39) is provided as a means for regulating the flue gas flow. 5 * Heating boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that the openings (33) open into a common smoke pipe and that the flue gas damper (39) is arranged such that upon closing the outlet, the opening of the interspace (53) opens the outlet leading from the inner space. (35) · Heating boiler according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the flue gas damper (39) is connected to a motor drive. - 15 - Heating boiler according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the water jacket (15) surrounding the heat exchange space (15) is double shy with one inner and one outer jacket space (17, 19) separated by a central wall ( 21). 6. A heating boiler according to claim 5, wherein the distance between the inner wall (25) and the middle wall (21) of the double skin (15) is relatively small, preferably 10 to 15 mm. Heating boiler according to claim 6, characterized in that the distance between the middle wall (21) and the outer wall (25) of the double shell (15) is substantially greater than the distance between the inner wall (25) and the middle wall (21). 8. Heating boiler according to one of the points. 1 to 7, characterized in that the further water jacket (27) is about half of the first water jacket (15). Heating boiler according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the further water jacket (27) is fixed to the rear wall of the exchange chamber (15). Heating boiler according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a core body (45) is arranged in the inner space (50) closed by another water jacket (27). Heating boiler according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the heat exchange space (15) is cylindrical. - 16 - Heating boiler according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the further water shear (27) is cylindrical. 1J. A heating boiler according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the core body (43) is cylindrical. Heating boiler according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the further water jacket (27) is arranged coaxially in the heat transfer space (13). Heating boiler according to one of Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the core body (43) is arranged coaxially in another water jacket (27). Heating boiler according to any one of Claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the further water shed (27) is surrounded by approximately a helical flue gas channel (54). Heating boiler according to one of Claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the core body (43) is surrounded by an approximately helical flue gas channel (36). Heating boiler according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that each helical flue gas channel (54, 56) is formed by a helical coiled sheet metal strip. Heating boiler according to any one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that the cross-section of each flue gas duct (54, 56) is lowered to the front. - 17 - A heating boiler as claimed in any one of claims 16 to 19, characterized in that the pitch of the helical coiled sheet strip decreases from front to rear. A top-heater boiler according to any one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that the threads of the sheet metal strip are connected to each other by spacer brackets. Heating boiler according to one of Claims 10 to 21, characterized in that the core body (45) has a hollow space (50). Heating boiler according to claim 22, characterized in that the core body (45) has openings (51). Heating boiler according to claim 22 or 25, characterized in that the dome space (50) is filled with mineral fibers, eg asbestos wool (52). Heating boiler according to any one of claims 5 to 24, characterized in that the further water jacket (27) is arranged in series with the inner casing (17) of the double shell (15). Heating device with a heating boiler according to one of Claims 1 to 25, characterized in that a pump (81) is arranged between the further water jacket (27) and the inner jacket space (17). 27. A heating device according to claim 26, wherein the pump (81) is provided with a valve (79) for filling the boile (75). Heating device according to one of Claims 25 to 27, characterized in that the outlet branch (59) and the return line (67) of the heating circuit (65) are connected to the outer shell (19) of the double shell (15). ) · 29. A heating device according to claim 28, wherein said outlet branch (59) is connected to one end of said double shell (15) at the bottom and said return line (67) is at the other end of said double shell (15) at the top. A heating boiler having a heat exchange space (15) and a water jacket (15) surrounding it and having an outer wall (25) and an inner wall (25), characterized in that the water jacket (15) is a double shell which it has an inner and an outer casing space (17, 19) which are separated by a central wall (21). 51. Heating boiler according to claim 50, characterized in that a core body (45) is arranged in the heat exchange space (15) to form the interspace (54, 15). 52. A heating boiler according to claim 51, wherein the inner wall (2) and the roof wall (21) of the housing (15) are relatively small, preferably 10 to about 15 mm. 55. Heating boiler according to claim 52, characterized in that the distance between the middle wall (21) and the outer wall (25) is substantially greater, preferably three to ten times than the distance between the inner wall (25) and the middle wall (21). 19 - Heating boiler according to any one of Claims 31 to 33, characterized in that the core body (43) is about half the length of the water sheath (15). 43) is cylindrical. Heating boiler according to Claim 35, characterized in that the core body (43) is coaxially arranged in the water jacket (15). Heating boiler according to Claim 36, characterized in that the core body (43) is surrounded by a helical flue gas duct (54). 38. A boiler according to claim 37, wherein the flue gas channel (54) is formed by a helical coiled sheet metal liner. Heating boiler according to any one of Claims 37 to 3, characterized in that the cross section of the flue gas channel (54) is reduced to the front. Heating boiler according to claim 38 or 39, characterized in that the helical coiled sheet metal strip is preloaded from the front. Heating boiler according to any one of Claims 58 to 40, characterized in that the threads of the sheet metal strip are connected to each other by spacer brackets. 20 - 42. A heating boiler according to any one of claims 31 to q-1, characterized in that the core body (43) has a hollow space (5θ). Heating boiler according to claim 42, characterized in that the core body (43) has openings (31) in its housing. Heating boiler according to claim 42 or 43, characterized in that the dome space (30) is filled with mineral fibers, eg asbestos wool (52). Heating device with a heating boiler according to any one of clauses 30 to 44 with a boiler (75), characterized in that a section of the inner shell (17) is connected to another section of the inner shell (17) via a pump (81). Heating device according to claim 45, characterized in that the bottom of the inner shell (17) is connected via a pump (81) to the upper section of the inner shell (17). in that the boiler filling valve (79) is provided with a pump (81). 48. A heating device as claimed in any one of claims 45 to 47, wherein the outlet branch (59) and the return line (67) of the heating circuit (65) are connected to the outer shell (19) of the double shell (15). Heating device according to claim 48, characterized in that the outlet branch (59) is connected to one end of the double shell (15) at the bottom and the return line (67) to the other end of the double shell (15) at the top. List of used reference numerals 10 - heating boiler 11 - burner 15 - heat exchange space 15 - water jacket 17 - inner jacket space 19 - outer jacket space 21 - middle wall 23 - inner wall 25 - outer wall 27 - water jacket 28 - guide 29 - rear wall JI - front part 33 ~ flue gas outlet35 - interior space37 - flue gas outlet39 - flue gas flap41 - motor 43 - core body 45 - plate 47 - disc 49 - shell 50 - hollow space 51 - hole 52 - fill 53 ~ space 54 - flue gas channel 55 - intermediate space 56 flue gas channel59 - outlet branch 61 - mixing valve63 - circulation pump65 - appliance67 - return line 70 - bypass 71 - outlet line 73 - heat exchanger snake 75 - boiler 77 - return line 79 - valve 81 - pump 83 - bypass 85 - control device