EP0406173A2 - Boiler - Google Patents
Boiler Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0406173A2 EP0406173A2 EP90810472A EP90810472A EP0406173A2 EP 0406173 A2 EP0406173 A2 EP 0406173A2 EP 90810472 A EP90810472 A EP 90810472A EP 90810472 A EP90810472 A EP 90810472A EP 0406173 A2 EP0406173 A2 EP 0406173A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- boiler according
- jacket
- space
- boiler
- flue gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 241001156002 Anthonomus pomorum Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003584 silencer Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
- F24H9/001—Guiding means
- F24H9/0026—Guiding means in combustion gas channels
- F24H9/0031—Guiding means in combustion gas channels with means for changing or adapting the path of the flue gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
- F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
- F24H1/26—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body
- F24H1/28—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body including one or more furnace or fire tubes
- F24H1/282—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body including one or more furnace or fire tubes with flue gas passages built-up by coaxial water mantles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
- F24H9/0036—Dispositions against condensation of combustion products
Definitions
- the invention relates to a boiler, in particular for use with a multi-stage or modulating burner, with a heat exchange chamber, a water jacket surrounding the latter, which has an outer wall on an inner wall, and a further water jacket arranged in the heat exchange room and extending over part of the length of the Extends heat exchange space and thus forms an intermediate space and encases an interior.
- French Patent 2,154,347 describes a boiler in which two cylindrical water jackets are arranged concentrically to one another.
- the inner space encased by the inner water jacket forms the burner chamber while the space between the water jackets serves as a flue gas duct.
- This boiler is relatively complicated to set up. Manufacturing is therefore relatively expensive and service work is difficult to perform and time consuming.
- the risk of cold spots is particularly disadvantageous, in which condensation of pollutants from the flue gases can occur with reduced burner output, which then leads to corrosion problems.
- This boiler is therefore unsuitable for operation with a multi-stage burner.
- the previously known boiler also sees no means of hot water preparation, i.e. for so-called hot water preparation.
- the boiler should also be suitable for use with a multi-stage or modulating burner without the risk of corrosion consists. Furthermore, the boiler should have low standstill losses and should also be suitable for treating hot water.
- this object is achieved in a boiler of the type mentioned at the outset in that, in addition to the outlet leading from the intermediate space, an outlet leading from the interior for flue gases is provided and in that means for regulating a flue gas flow from the outlet of the intermediate space and / or for regulating a flue gas flow from the outlet of the interior are provided. If the means for regulating the flue gas flows permit a flue gas flow both from the intermediate space and from the interior, the boiler can be operated at full load. The flue gases can then flow through the space between the two water jackets as well as through the interior of the further water jacket and thereby transfer enough heat to these water jackets that they leave the boiler with a relatively low flue gas temperature.
- the boiler is only operated at partial load, which can be, for example, thirty percent of the full load, the outlet from the intermediate space is closed, so that the flue gases can only flow through the interior. There is then no danger that they will cool down too much and that condensation problems occur in the rear part of the boiler.
- the boiler is therefore well suited for use with a two-stage burner.
- a modulating burner that can be controlled continuously from minimum to full load. In this case, it is advisable to choose a motor drive for the flue gas flap so that it can also be regulated continuously. It is therefore possible to regulate the size of the flue gas flow flowing through the intermediate space.
- the present invention also has the advantage that the same boiler size can be used for a relatively large output range.
- a flue gas flap is expediently provided as a means for regulating the flue gas flow. It can be provided that the outlets open into a common smoke pipe and that the flue gas flap is arranged such that when the outlet leading from the intermediate space is closed, it opens the outlet leading from the interior. For maximum burner output, the flue gas damper can thus be placed in a central position and the outlet from the intermediate space is closed for minimum burner output. In the middle position, the flue gas flap has practically no throttling effect for the two outlets. With a motor drive, however, it is also possible to bring the flue gas flap into a position in which it exerts a throttling effect on one of the outlets.
- the water jacket surrounding the heat exchange space is advantageously a double jacket with an inner and an outer jacket space, which are separated from one another by a central wall.
- the water in the inner jacket space is heated more quickly than the water in the outer jacket space.
- the relatively cool return water flowing back during operation of the boiler cannot affect the inner wall.
- the water contained in the inner jacket space acts as a buffer against excessive cooling of the inner wall. This is particularly advantageous in low-temperature heating systems, where the return temperature is relatively low. As a result, there is no risk of the formation of undesirable condensates, which can result in corrosion.
- Another major advantage of the description One implementation is that standstill losses are greatly reduced.
- the water in the inner jacket area acts as insulation for the outer jacket room when the burner is at a standstill.
- the distance between the inner wall and the central wall of the double jacket relatively small, preferably 5 to 15 mm. This prevents temperature stratification of the water in the inner jacket space. So there is a good temperature distribution. Boiling noises are also avoided.
- the water content of the inner jacket space is relatively small. This has the advantage that the water heats up quickly in the inner jacket space during operation, which on the one hand prevents corrosion problems and on the other hand can be used to quickly charge a boiler if required. This boiler can therefore be dimensioned relatively small because it can give off hot water practically like a water heater when there is a large demand for hot water.
- the distance between the middle wall and the outer wall of the double jacket is expediently substantially greater than the distance between the inner wall and the middle wall. This results in a sufficient volume for the boiler water required, for example, for space heating.
- the boiler is advantageously designed so that the further water jacket is about half as long as the first-mentioned water jacket. This creates a combustion chamber with a large diameter on the burner side, which is especially suitable for modern ones Gasification burner with a rapidly expanding flame is suitable. Strongly expanding flames have a favorable flame temperature at which the formation of nitrogen oxides is very low.
- the further water jacket is advantageously attached to the rear wall of the heat exchange space. This results in a simple construction of the boiler, in which the interior is easily accessible for cleaning work.
- a core body is advantageously arranged in the interior enclosed by the further water jacket, forming an intermediate space.
- This intermediate space allows the smoke gases to be guided to promote heat transfer.
- the various components of the boiler are advantageously cylindrical. This enables a rational and inexpensive manufacture of the boiler, especially if the various elements are arranged coaxially with one another.
- the boiler can be implemented as a welded steel structure, for example.
- the further water jacket and the core body can also be surrounded by an approximately helical flue gas duct.
- flue gas ducts represent a relatively long way for the flue gases, so that an optimal heat exchange takes place. All heat exchange surfaces are smeared evenly by the flue gases. This also has the advantage that the risk of condensation from the flue gases is reduced even further.
- the flue gas ducts are expediently dimensioned such that the boiler operates with an overpressure in the combustion chamber of approximately 0.5 to 6 mm of mercury, preferably 2 mm. This presupposes the use of means for generating the excess pressure, for example a fan burner. Such a combination works very quietly.
- the flue gas ducts can be formed by an insert from a helically wound sheet metal strip. This enables the flue gas ducts to be designed extremely cheaply. This design also has the advantage that for cleaning the boiler it is screw-shaped insert can easily be pulled out.
- the cross section of the flue gas ducts advantageously decreases from front to back. Because the flue gases cool down on the way back, their volume decreases so that the cross-section at the back can be made smaller than at the front. This reduction in cross-section has the advantage that the length of the flue gas duct can be made longer. It is particularly advantageous that the smoke gas duct provides a high level of noise reduction.
- the changing cross section prevents the formation of resonant vibrations.
- the progressive reduction of the cross section can be achieved, for example, by the fact that the slope of the helically wound sheet metal strip decreases from the front to the rear. Since a helically wound sheet metal strip is relatively unstable, the turns of the sheet metal strip are expediently connected to one another with spacers. This allows the desired distance between two turns to be defined.
- the core body is advantageously hollow. For example, openings can be provided in the jacket.
- the cavity in the core body dampens vibrations.
- the gas volume in the core body can absorb pressure differences which arise from the so-called start-up shock when the flame is ignited.
- the core body thus acts as a silencer. Particularly good sound damping properties are achieved if the cavity is loosely filled with mineral fibers, e.g. Rock wool, is filled. This filling also largely prevents undesired heat transfer.
- the further water jacket is advantageously connected in series with the inner jacket space of the double jacket. This causes hot water to flow from the inner jacket space into the further water jacket, so that it is quickly brought over the dew point area, where no more condensation can take place. It is expedient between the further Water jacket and the inner jacket space arranged a pump. This ensures good circulation, which in turn produces a good temperature distribution. Since the volume of water is relatively small and can therefore be circulated quickly, the heat is dissipated quickly and boiling noises are avoided.
- a valve can also be provided in order to charge a boiler.
- the flow and the return of the heating circuit are expediently connected to the outer jacket space of the double jacket. It is advantageous if the flow is connected to one end of the double jacket and the return to the other end of the double jacket.
- the invention also relates to a boiler with a heat exchange space and a water jacket surrounding it, which has an outer wall and an inner wall.
- this boiler is characterized in that the water jacket is a double jacket which has an inner and an outer jacket space, which are separated from one another by a central wall.
- This boiler represents a simplification of the boiler described above. It is essential that the same components can be used for the most part for both types of boiler. It proves to be advantageous to arrange a core body in the jacket space to form an intermediate space. This in turn brings the advantages of an inexpensive flue gas duct, wherein a helical flue gas duct can also be used, as previously described.
- the 1 shows a boiler 10 which is fired by a multi-stage, for example two-stage, or a modulating burner 11.
- the heat exchange space 13 is surrounded by a water jacket 15.
- the water jacket 15 is designed as a double jacket with an inner jacket space 17 and an outer jacket space 19.
- the inner casing space 17 is separated from the outer casing space 19 by a central wall 21.
- the distance between the inner wall 23 and the middle wall 21 is relatively small, for example 10 to 15 mm. In a 25 KW boiler, the water volume in the inner jacket space is kept at around five liters.
- the distance between the middle wall 21 and the outer wall 25 is, as required, much greater than the distance between the inner wall 23 and the middle wall 21.
- the water volume of the outer jacket space must be dimensioned accordingly.
- the relatively small water volume of the inner jacket space 17 can quickly be brought to operating temperature.
- a further cylindrical water jacket 27 is arranged concentrically with the preferably cylindrical double jacket 15.
- the inner jacket space 17 is connected in series with the water jacket 27 via a line 28 in order to avoid condensation and corrosion problems.
- the water jacket 27 is fastened to the rear wall 29 of the heat exchange space 13 and extends only over part of the length, for example half, of the heat exchange space 13.
- the front part 31 of the heat exchange space 13 therefore represents a combustion chamber with a relatively large diameter, which is special suitable for modern gasification burners with a strongly expanding flame.
- the space between the double jacket 15 and the further water jacket 27 has a flue gas outlet 33 at the rear, which can be closed by a flue gas flap 39.
- the interior 35 surrounded by the further water jacket 27 has a flue gas outlet 37.
- the flue gas flap 39 is driven Solenoid or a motor 41.
- a drive is unnecessary.
- the flue gas damper is then manually brought into the position in which the exhaust gas temperature has the optimum value.
- a hollow cylindrical core body 43 is arranged concentrically with the further water jacket 27. This is closed at the front by a plate 45 made of refractory material. In the case of an atomizing burner, the plate 45 serves as a combustion aid.
- the rear part is also advantageously closed off by a disk 47.
- In the cavity 50 there is a filling 52 made of rock wool or the like. Sound absorption is thereby achieved and undesired heat transfer to the outlet 33 is largely prevented.
- a helical flue gas duct 54 or 56 is formed both in the intermediate space 53 and in the intermediate space 55. These flue gas channels 54, 56 consist of a helically wound sheet metal strip, which has the shape of an insert.
- the slope of the helically wound sheet metal strip decreases from front to back, so that the cross section of the flue gas duct also decreases from front to back.
- the windings of the sheet metal strip are connected to one another with spacers, for example rods (not shown).
- the use of the boiler 10 in a heating system can also be seen from FIG.
- the flow 59 leads from the front end of the outer jacket space 19 to a mixing valve 61 and from there via the circulating pump 63 to the consumers 65.
- the return line 67 is fed to the outer jacket space 19 at the rear end of the boiler.
- a bypass 70 leads from the return 67 to the mixing valve 61.
- a feed line 71 leads from the further water jacket 27 to the heat exchanger coil 73 of the boiler 75.
- the return line 77 from the heat exchanger coil 73 leads via the valve 79 and the pump 81 to the inner jacket space 17.
- a bypass 83 to the valve 79 is provided from the feed line 71.
- Reference number 85 schematically shows a control device which controls the heating system.
- the simplified embodiment of the boiler according to FIG. 2 differs from that of FIG. 1 in that a further water jacket and a further flue gas outlet with a flue gas flap are missing.
- the core body 43 has a larger diameter. This diameter corresponds to the diameter of the further water jacket 27 of FIG. 1.
- the boiler of FIG. 2 can therefore be built with practically the same parts as the boiler of FIG. 1, which has a favorable effect on the production costs and the spare parts inventory. Since the further water jacket 27 from FIG. 1 has been omitted, in the embodiment from FIG. 2 the feed line 71 leads from the inner jacket space 17 to the heat exchanger coil 73. Otherwise, the heating system is configured in the same way as in FIG. 1, so that the description in this regard can be referred.
- the burner When charging the boiler, the burner runs at full load. Relatively cool water is pumped into the inner jacket space 17 by the pump 81 and distributed fairly quickly and uniformly over the entire jacket space. Rapid preheating takes place, whereupon the water flows into the inner water jacket 27, is further heated there and flows back to the heat exchanger coil 73 of the boiler 75. In the boiler 75 heat exchange the domestic water is heated.
- the controller 85 requests heat generation for space heating, the pump runs 81 even if the boiler 75 does not need to be charged. However, since the water heated in the inner water jacket flows through the bypass 83, it reaches the inner jacket room 17 without any noticeable heat loss.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
- Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
- Details Of Fluid Heaters (AREA)
- Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
- Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
- Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Heizkessel, insbesondere zur Verwendung mit einem mehrstufigen oder modulierenden Brenner, mit einem Wärmetauschraum, einem diesen umgebenden Wassermantel, der eine Aussenwandung an eine Innenwandung aufweist, und einem im Wärmetauschraum angeordneten weiteren Wassermantel der sich über einen Teil der Länge des Warmetauschraums erstreckt und so einen Zwischenraum bildet und einen Innenraum ummantelt.The invention relates to a boiler, in particular for use with a multi-stage or modulating burner, with a heat exchange chamber, a water jacket surrounding the latter, which has an outer wall on an inner wall, and a further water jacket arranged in the heat exchange room and extending over part of the length of the Extends heat exchange space and thus forms an intermediate space and encases an interior.
Die französische Patentschrift 2,154,347 beschreibt einen Heizkessel, bei welchem zwei zylindrische Wassermäntel konzentrisch zueinander angeordnet sind. Dabei bildet der vom inneren Wassermantel ummantelte Innenraum den Brennerraum währenddem der Zwischenraum zwischen den Wassermänteln als Rauchgaskanal dient. In diesem Rauchgaskanal befindet sich ein schraubenförmiger Einsatz. Dieser Heizkessel ist relativ kompliiziert im Aufbau. Die Fertigung ist daher relativ teuer, und die Servicearbeiten sind schwierig auszuführen und zeitaufwendig. Besonders nachteilig ist die Gefahr von Kaltstellen, beim denen bei reduzierter Brennerleistung eine Kondensation von Schadstoffen aus den Rauchgasen erfolgen kann, was dann zu Korrosionsproblemen führt. Dieser Heizkessel eignet sich daher schlecht zum Betrieb mit einem mehrstufigen Brenner. Auch sieht der vorbekannte Heizkessel keine Mittel zur Warmwasserbereitung, d.h. zur sogenannten Brauchwasserbereitung vor.French Patent 2,154,347 describes a boiler in which two cylindrical water jackets are arranged concentrically to one another. The inner space encased by the inner water jacket forms the burner chamber while the space between the water jackets serves as a flue gas duct. There is a screw-shaped insert in this flue gas duct. This boiler is relatively complicated to set up. Manufacturing is therefore relatively expensive and service work is difficult to perform and time consuming. The risk of cold spots is particularly disadvantageous, in which condensation of pollutants from the flue gases can occur with reduced burner output, which then leads to corrosion problems. This boiler is therefore unsuitable for operation with a multi-stage burner. The previously known boiler also sees no means of hot water preparation, i.e. for so-called hot water preparation.
Es ist wichtig, dass die Leistung von Heizkessel und Brenner aufeinander abgestimmt sind. Es waren somit bisher im unteren Leistungsbereich in Abstufungen von etwa 5 KW verschiedene Kesselgrössen notwendig.It is important that the boiler and burner output are coordinated. Until now, different boiler sizes were required in the lower power range in steps of around 5 KW.
Es ist daher Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung einen konstruktiv einfachen und preiswerten Heizkessel mit hohem thermischen Wirkungsgrad zu schaffen. Der Heizkessel sollte sich auch zur Verwendung mit einem mehrstufigen oder modulierenden Brenner eignen, ohne dass die Gefahr von Korrosion besteht. Weiter sollte der Heizkessel geringe Stillstandsverluste aufweisen und sich möglichst auch zur Aufbereitung von Warmwasser eignen.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a structurally simple and inexpensive boiler with high thermal efficiency. The boiler should also be suitable for use with a multi-stage or modulating burner without the risk of corrosion consists. Furthermore, the boiler should have low standstill losses and should also be suitable for treating hot water.
Erfindungsgemäss wird diese Aufgabe bei einem Heizkessel der eingangs erwähnten Art dadurch gelöst, dass zusätzlich zu dem aus dem Zwischenraum führenden Auslass ein aus dem Innenraum führender Auslass für Rauchgase vorgesehen ist und dass Mittel zur Regelung eines Rauchgasstromes aus dem Auslass des Zwischenraums und/oder zur Regelung eines Rauchgasstromes aus dem Auslass des Innenraums vorgesehen sind. Wenn die Mittel zur Regelung der Rauchgasströme einen Rauchgasstrom sowohl aus dem Zwischenraum als auch aus dem Innenraum zulassen, kann der Heizkessel mit Vollast gefahren werden. Die Rauchgase können dann sowohl durch den Zwischenraum zwischen beiden Wassermänteln als auch durch den Innenraum des weiteren Wassermantels strömen und dabei soviel Wärme an diese Wassermäntel übertragen, dass sie den Heizkessel mit einer relativ niedrigen Abgastemperatur verlassen. Wird jedoch der Heizkessel nur mit Teillast gefahren, die beispielsweise dreissig Prozent der Vollast betragen kann, so wird der Auslass aus dem Zwischenraum verschlossen, so dass die Rauchgase nur noch durch den Innenraum strömen können. Es besteht dann keine Gefahr, dass sie sich zu stark abkühlen und im hinteren Teil des Kessels Kondensationsprobleme auftreten. Der Heizkessel eignet sich daher gut für die Verwendung mit einem zweistufigen Brenner. Es wäre aber auch möglich, einen modulierenden Brenner zu verwenden, der stufenlos von Minimallast zu Vollast geregelt werden kann. In diesem Falle ist es zweckmässig, einen Motorantrieb für die Rauchgasklappe zu wahlen, damit auch diese stufenlos geregelt werden kann. Es ist also möglich, die Grösse des durch den Zwischenraum fliessenden Rauchgasstroms zu regeln. Die vorliegende Erfindung hat auch den Vorteil, dass die gleiche Kesselgrösse für einen relativ grossen Leistungsbereich anwendbar ist. Bei der Verwendung des Heizkessels mit einstufigem Brenner kann die gleiche Kesselgrösse für einen relativ grossen Leistungsbereich verwendet werden. Es müssen somit wesentlich weniger verschiedene Heizkesselgrössen ge fertigt und an Lager gehalten werden als dies bisher notwendig war. Dies ermöglicht eine erhebliche Reduzierung der Produktions- und Lagerhaltungskosten. Bei der Installation eines Heizkessels mit einem einstufigen Brenner genügt es, die Mittel zur Regelung der Rauchgasströme entsprechend der Brennerleistung bzw. der optimalen Abgastemperatur von Hand einzustellen.According to the invention, this object is achieved in a boiler of the type mentioned at the outset in that, in addition to the outlet leading from the intermediate space, an outlet leading from the interior for flue gases is provided and in that means for regulating a flue gas flow from the outlet of the intermediate space and / or for regulating a flue gas flow from the outlet of the interior are provided. If the means for regulating the flue gas flows permit a flue gas flow both from the intermediate space and from the interior, the boiler can be operated at full load. The flue gases can then flow through the space between the two water jackets as well as through the interior of the further water jacket and thereby transfer enough heat to these water jackets that they leave the boiler with a relatively low flue gas temperature. However, if the boiler is only operated at partial load, which can be, for example, thirty percent of the full load, the outlet from the intermediate space is closed, so that the flue gases can only flow through the interior. There is then no danger that they will cool down too much and that condensation problems occur in the rear part of the boiler. The boiler is therefore well suited for use with a two-stage burner. However, it would also be possible to use a modulating burner that can be controlled continuously from minimum to full load. In this case, it is advisable to choose a motor drive for the flue gas flap so that it can also be regulated continuously. It is therefore possible to regulate the size of the flue gas flow flowing through the intermediate space. The present invention also has the advantage that the same boiler size can be used for a relatively large output range. When using the boiler with a single-stage burner, the same boiler size can be used for a relatively large output range. So there must be significantly fewer different boiler sizes manufactured and kept in stock than was previously necessary. This enables a significant reduction in production and storage costs. When installing a boiler with a single-stage burner, it is sufficient to set the means for regulating the flue gas flows according to the burner output or the optimum flue gas temperature by hand.
Zweckmässigerweise ist als Mittel zur Regelung des Rauchgasstroms eine Rauchgasklappe vorgesehen. Dabei kann vorgesehen werden, dass die Auslässe in ein gemeinsames Rauchrohr münden und dass die Rauchgasklappe so angeordnet ist, dass sie beim Schliessen des aus dem Zwischenraum führenden Auslasses den aus dem Innenraum führenden Auslass öffnet. Für maximale Brennerleistung kann die Rauchgasklappe somit in eine Mittelstellung gebracht werden und für minimale Brennerleistung wird der Auslass aus dem Zwischenraum verschlossen. In der Mittelstellung hat die Rauchgasklappe praktisch keine Drosselwirkung für die beiden Auslässe. Mit einem Motorantrieb ist es aber auch möglich, die Rauchgasklappe in eine Stellung zu bringen, in welcher sie auf einen der Auslässe eine Drosselwirkung ausübt.A flue gas flap is expediently provided as a means for regulating the flue gas flow. It can be provided that the outlets open into a common smoke pipe and that the flue gas flap is arranged such that when the outlet leading from the intermediate space is closed, it opens the outlet leading from the interior. For maximum burner output, the flue gas damper can thus be placed in a central position and the outlet from the intermediate space is closed for minimum burner output. In the middle position, the flue gas flap has practically no throttling effect for the two outlets. With a motor drive, however, it is also possible to bring the flue gas flap into a position in which it exerts a throttling effect on one of the outlets.
Vorteilhaft ist der den Wärmetauschraum umgebende Wassermantel ein Doppelmantel mit einem inneren und einem äusseren Mantelraum, die durch eine Mittelwandung voneinander getrennt sind. Bei dieser Ausgestaltung wird bei der Inbetriebnahme des Heizkessels das Wasser im inneren Mantelraum rascher erwärmt als das Wasser im äusseren Mantelraum. Infolgedessen besteht bei Kaltstart lediglich für eine sehr geringe Zeit eine Gefahr von Kondensatbildung. Ferner kann das im Betrieb des Heizkessels zurückströmende relativ kühle Rücklaufwasser die innere Wandung nicht beaufschlagen. Vielmehr wirkt das im inneren Mantelraum enthaltene Wasser als Puffer gegen eine übermässige Auskühlung der Innenwandung. Dies ist von besonderem Vorteil bei Niedertemperaturheizungen, wo die Rücklauftemperatur relativ tief ist. Infolgedessen besteht keine Gefahr der Bildung von unerwünschten Kondensaten, welche Korrosion zur Folge haben können. Ein weiterer gewichtiger Vorteil der beschriebe nen Ausführung besteht darin, dass Stillstandverluste stark reduziert werden. Das Wasser im inneren Mantelraum wirkt bei Stillstand des Brenners als Isolation für den äusseren Mantelraum.The water jacket surrounding the heat exchange space is advantageously a double jacket with an inner and an outer jacket space, which are separated from one another by a central wall. In this embodiment, when the boiler is started up, the water in the inner jacket space is heated more quickly than the water in the outer jacket space. As a result, there is only a risk of condensate formation for a very short time when cold starting. Furthermore, the relatively cool return water flowing back during operation of the boiler cannot affect the inner wall. Rather, the water contained in the inner jacket space acts as a buffer against excessive cooling of the inner wall. This is particularly advantageous in low-temperature heating systems, where the return temperature is relatively low. As a result, there is no risk of the formation of undesirable condensates, which can result in corrosion. Another major advantage of the description One implementation is that standstill losses are greatly reduced. The water in the inner jacket area acts as insulation for the outer jacket room when the burner is at a standstill.
Es hat sich als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen, den Abstand zwischen der Innenwandung und der Mittelwandung des Doppelmantels relativ gering zu halten, vorzugsweise 5 bis 15 mm. Dadurch wird einmal Temperaturschichtung des Wasser im inneren Mantelraum vermieden. Es erfolgt also eine gute Temperaturverteilung. Ferner werden Siedegeräusche vermieden. Der Wasserinhalt des inneren Mantelraums ist relativ klein. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass im Betrieb eine rasche Aufheizung des Wassers im inneren Mantelraum erfolgt, wodurch einerseits Korrosionsprobleme vermieden werden und andererseits bei Bedarf dieses Wasser zur raschen Aufladung eines Boilers benutzt werden kann. Dieser Boiler kann daher relativ klein dimensioniert werden, weil er bei grossem Warmwasserbedarf praktisch wie ein Durchlauferhitzer Warmwasser abgeben kann.It has proven to be particularly advantageous to keep the distance between the inner wall and the central wall of the double jacket relatively small, preferably 5 to 15 mm. This prevents temperature stratification of the water in the inner jacket space. So there is a good temperature distribution. Boiling noises are also avoided. The water content of the inner jacket space is relatively small. This has the advantage that the water heats up quickly in the inner jacket space during operation, which on the one hand prevents corrosion problems and on the other hand can be used to quickly charge a boiler if required. This boiler can therefore be dimensioned relatively small because it can give off hot water practically like a water heater when there is a large demand for hot water.
Da der Wasserinhalt des inneren Mantelraums klein ist, geht durch die Abkühlung dieses Wassers nach der Aufladung des Boilers relativ wenig Wärme durch Stillstandverlust verloren. Die Warmwasseraufbereitung erfolgt daher auch im Sommer mit einem sehr hohen Gesamtwirkungsgrad. Dies ist in markantem Gegensatz zu bekannten Heizkesseln, deren Gesamtwirkungsgrad im Sommer notorisch tief ist, so dass allgemein Elektroaufheizung für den Sommer vorgeschlagen wird.Since the water content of the inner jacket space is small, the cooling of this water after the boiler has been charged means that relatively little heat is lost due to loss of standstill. The hot water is therefore processed in summer with a very high overall efficiency. This is in marked contrast to known boilers, whose overall efficiency is notoriously low in summer, so that electric heating is generally suggested for summer.
Zweckmässigerweise ist der Abstand zwischen der Mittelwandung und der Aussenwandung des Doppelmantels wesentlich grösser als der Abstand zwischen der Innenwandung und der Mittelwandung. Dadurch ergibt sich ein ausreichendes Volumen für das beispielsweise für eine Raumheizung benötigte Kesselwasser.The distance between the middle wall and the outer wall of the double jacket is expediently substantially greater than the distance between the inner wall and the middle wall. This results in a sufficient volume for the boiler water required, for example, for space heating.
Die Ausführung des Heizkessels erfolgt vorteilhaft so, dass der weitere Wassermantel etwa halb so lang ist wie der erstgenannte Wassermantel. So entsteht brennerseitig ein Brennraum mit grossem Durchmesser, der sich speziell für moderne Vergasungsbrenner mit stark expandierender Flamme eignet. Stark expandierende Flammen haben eine günstige Flammentemperatur, bei welcher die Bildung von Stickoxiden sehr gering ist.The boiler is advantageously designed so that the further water jacket is about half as long as the first-mentioned water jacket. This creates a combustion chamber with a large diameter on the burner side, which is especially suitable for modern ones Gasification burner with a rapidly expanding flame is suitable. Strongly expanding flames have a favorable flame temperature at which the formation of nitrogen oxides is very low.
Der weitere Wassermantel ist vorteilhaft an der Rückwand des Wärmetauschraums befestigt. Dies ergibt eine einfache Konstruktion des Heizkessels, bei dem das Innere gut zugänglich ist, um Reinigungsarbeiten durchzuführen.The further water jacket is advantageously attached to the rear wall of the heat exchange space. This results in a simple construction of the boiler, in which the interior is easily accessible for cleaning work.
Vorteilhaft wird in dem vom weiteren Wassermantel umschlossenen Innenraum ein Kernkörper unter Bildung eines Zwischenraums angeordnet. Dieser Zwischenraum erlaubt eine die Wärmeübertragung fördernde Führung der Rauchgase. Vorteilhaft werden die verschiedenen Komponenten des Heizkessels zylindrisch ausgeführt. Dies ermöglicht eine rationelle und preisgünstige Fertigung des Heizkessels, insbesondere wenn die verschiedenen Elemente koaxial zueinander angeordnet werden. Der Heizkessel kann beispielsweise als geschweisste Stahlkonstruktion realisiert werden. Auch kann der weitere Wassermantel und der Kernkörper von einem etwa schraubenförmigen Rauchgaskanal umgeben sein. Solche Rauchgaskanäle stellen einen relativ langen Weg für die Rauchgase dar, so dass ein optimaler Wärmeaustausch erfolgt. Alle Wärmtaustauschflachen werden gleichmässig von den Rauchgasen bestrichen. Dies hat auch den Vorteil, dass die Gefahr einer Kondenswasserbildung aus den Rauchgasen noch weiter reduziert wird. Die Dimensionierung der Rauchgaskanäle erfolgt zweckmässigerweise so, dass der Heizkessel mit einem Ueberdruck im Brennraum von etwa 0,5 bis 6 mm Quecksilbersäule arbeitet, vorzugsweise 2 mm. Dies setzt die Verwendung von Mitteln zur Erzeugung des Ueberdrucks voraus, z.B. eines Gebläsebrenners. Eine solche Kombination arbeitet sehr geräuscharm. Die Rauchgaskanäle können durch einen Einsatz aus einem schraubenförmig gewundenen Blechstreifen gebildet werden. Dies ermöglicht eine äusserst billige Ausführung der Rauchgaskanäle. Weiter hat diese Ausführung den Vorteil, dass zur Reinigung des Heizkessels der aus einem schraubenför mig gewundenen Blechstreifen gebildeter Einsatz einfach herausgezogen werden kann.A core body is advantageously arranged in the interior enclosed by the further water jacket, forming an intermediate space. This intermediate space allows the smoke gases to be guided to promote heat transfer. The various components of the boiler are advantageously cylindrical. This enables a rational and inexpensive manufacture of the boiler, especially if the various elements are arranged coaxially with one another. The boiler can be implemented as a welded steel structure, for example. The further water jacket and the core body can also be surrounded by an approximately helical flue gas duct. Such flue gas ducts represent a relatively long way for the flue gases, so that an optimal heat exchange takes place. All heat exchange surfaces are smeared evenly by the flue gases. This also has the advantage that the risk of condensation from the flue gases is reduced even further. The flue gas ducts are expediently dimensioned such that the boiler operates with an overpressure in the combustion chamber of approximately 0.5 to 6 mm of mercury, preferably 2 mm. This presupposes the use of means for generating the excess pressure, for example a fan burner. Such a combination works very quietly. The flue gas ducts can be formed by an insert from a helically wound sheet metal strip. This enables the flue gas ducts to be designed extremely cheaply. This design also has the advantage that for cleaning the boiler it is screw-shaped insert can easily be pulled out.
Vorteilhaft nimmt der Querschnitt der Rauchgaskanäle von vorn nach hinten ab. Weil die Rauchgase sich auf dem Weg nach hinten abkühlen, nimmt ihr Volumen ab, so dass hinten der Querschnitt kleiner als vorn dimensioniert werden kann. Diese Verminderung des Querschnitts hat den Vorteil, dass die Länge des Rauchgaskanals grösser gemacht werden kann. Von besonderem Vorteil ist, dass durch den Rauchgaskanal eine starke Geräuschdämpfung erfolgt. Der sich ändernde Querschnitt verhindert nämlich die Bildung von resonanten Schwingungen. Die progressive Verminderung des Querschnitts kann beispielsweise dadurch erreicht werden, dass die Steigung des schraubenförmig gewundenen Blechstreifens von vorn nach hinten abnimmt. Da ein schraubenförmig gewundener Blechstreifen relativ wenig stabil ist, sind zweckmässigerweise die Windungen des Blechstreifens mit Distanzhaltern miteinander verbunden. Dadurch kann der gewünschte Abstand zwischen je zwei Windungen festgelegt werden.The cross section of the flue gas ducts advantageously decreases from front to back. Because the flue gases cool down on the way back, their volume decreases so that the cross-section at the back can be made smaller than at the front. This reduction in cross-section has the advantage that the length of the flue gas duct can be made longer. It is particularly advantageous that the smoke gas duct provides a high level of noise reduction. The changing cross section prevents the formation of resonant vibrations. The progressive reduction of the cross section can be achieved, for example, by the fact that the slope of the helically wound sheet metal strip decreases from the front to the rear. Since a helically wound sheet metal strip is relatively unstable, the turns of the sheet metal strip are expediently connected to one another with spacers. This allows the desired distance between two turns to be defined.
Vorteilhaft ist der Kernkörper hohl. Dabei können beispielsweise im Mantel Oeffnungen vorgesehen werden. Der Hohlraum im Kernkörper wirkt vibrationsdämpfend. Insbesondere kann das Gasvolumen im Kernkörper Druckunterschiede aufnehmen, welche durch den sogenannten Anfahrtsschock beim Zünden der Flamme entstehen. Der Kernkörper wirkt somit als Schalldämpfer. Besonders gute Schalldämpfeigenschaften werden erzielt, wenn der Hohlraum locker mit Mineralfasern, z.B. Steinwolle, gefüllt ist. Durch diese Füllung wird auch ein unerwünschter Wärmetransfer weitgehend verhindert.The core body is advantageously hollow. For example, openings can be provided in the jacket. The cavity in the core body dampens vibrations. In particular, the gas volume in the core body can absorb pressure differences which arise from the so-called start-up shock when the flame is ignited. The core body thus acts as a silencer. Particularly good sound damping properties are achieved if the cavity is loosely filled with mineral fibers, e.g. Rock wool, is filled. This filling also largely prevents undesired heat transfer.
Vorteilhaft ist der weitere Wassermantel mit dem inneren Mantelraum des Doppelmantels in Serie geschaltet. Dadurch wird bewirkt, dass heisses Wasser aus dem inneren Mantelraum in den weiteren Wassermantel strömt, so dass dieser rasch über den Taupunktbereich gebracht wird, wo keine Kondensation mehr erfolgen kann. Zweckmässigerweise ist zwischen dem weiteren Wassermantel und dem inneren Mantelraum eine Pumpe angeordnet. Dadurch wird eine gute Zirkulation erreicht, welche ihrerseits eine gute Temperaturverteilung bewirkt. Da das Wasservolumen relativ klein ist und daher rasch umgewälzt werden kann, wird die Wärme rasch abgeführt und Siedegeräusche werden vermieden. Es kann noch ein Ventil vorgesehen werden, um die Ladung eines Boilers zu bewirken.The further water jacket is advantageously connected in series with the inner jacket space of the double jacket. This causes hot water to flow from the inner jacket space into the further water jacket, so that it is quickly brought over the dew point area, where no more condensation can take place. It is expedient between the further Water jacket and the inner jacket space arranged a pump. This ensures good circulation, which in turn produces a good temperature distribution. Since the volume of water is relatively small and can therefore be circulated quickly, the heat is dissipated quickly and boiling noises are avoided. A valve can also be provided in order to charge a boiler.
Zweckmässigerweise sind der Vorlauf und der Rücklauf des Heizkreises an den ausseren Mantelraum des Doppelmantels angeschlossen. Dabei ist es vorteilhaft, wenn der Vorlauf an einem Ende des Doppelmantels und der Rücklauf am anderen Ende des Doppelmantel angeschlossen sind.The flow and the return of the heating circuit are expediently connected to the outer jacket space of the double jacket. It is advantageous if the flow is connected to one end of the double jacket and the return to the other end of the double jacket.
Die Erfindung betrifft auch einen Heizkessel mit einem Wärmetauschraum und einem diesen umgebenden Wassermantel, der eine Aussenwandung und eine Innenwandung aufweist. Erfindungsgemäss ist dieser Heizkessel dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wassermantel ein Doppelmantel ist, der einen inneren und einen äusseren Mantelraum aufweist, die durch eine Mittelwandung voneinander getrennt sind. Dieser Heizkessel stellt eine Vereinfachung des zuvor beschriebenen Heizkessels dar. Wesentlich ist dabei, dass für beide Arten von Heizkesseln grösstenteils die gleichen Bauteile verwendet werden können. Es erweist sich dabei als vorteilhaft, im Mantelraum einen Kernkörper unter Bildung eines Zwischenraums anzuordnen. Dies bringt wiederum die Vorteile einer günstigen Rauchgasführung, wobei auch ein schraubenförmiger Rauchgaskanal verwendbar ist, wie dies vorher beschrieben wurde.The invention also relates to a boiler with a heat exchange space and a water jacket surrounding it, which has an outer wall and an inner wall. According to the invention, this boiler is characterized in that the water jacket is a double jacket which has an inner and an outer jacket space, which are separated from one another by a central wall. This boiler represents a simplification of the boiler described above. It is essential that the same components can be used for the most part for both types of boiler. It proves to be advantageous to arrange a core body in the jacket space to form an intermediate space. This in turn brings the advantages of an inexpensive flue gas duct, wherein a helical flue gas duct can also be used, as previously described.
Die Erfindung wird nun unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung beschrieben. Es zeigt:
- Fig. 1 schematisch einen Heizkessel und seine Verwendung in einer Heizanlage mit einem zweistufigen oder einem modulierendem Brenner und
- Fig. 2 eine vereinfachte Ausführung des Heizkessels, die sich insbesondere für eine Heizanlage mit einem einstufigen Brenner eignet.
- Fig. 1 shows schematically a boiler and its use in a heating system with a two-stage or a modulating burner and
- Fig. 2 shows a simplified version of the boiler itself Particularly suitable for a heating system with a single-stage burner.
Die Heizanlage von Fig. 1 zeigt einen Heizkessel 10, der von einem mehrstufigen, z.B. zweistufigen, oder einem modulierenden Brenner 11 befeuert wird. Der Wärmetauschraum 13 ist von einem Wassermantel 15 umgeben. Der Wassermantel 15 ist als Doppelmantel mit einem inneren Mantelraum 17 und einem äusseren Mantelraum 19 ausgebildet. Der innere Mantelraum 17 ist vom äusseren Mantelraum 19 durch eine Mittelwandung 21 getrennt. Der Abstand zwischen der Innenwandung 23 und der Mittelwandung 21 ist relativ gering, z.B. 10 bis 15 mm. Bei einem Heizkessel mit 25 KW Leistung wird das Wasservolumen im inneren Mantelraum auf etwa fünf Liter gehalten. Der Abstand zwischen der Mittelwandung 21 und der Aussenwandung 25 ist je nach Bedarf wesentlich grösser als der Abstand zwischen der Innenwandung 23 und der Mittelwandung 21. Da die Schadstoffemissionen beim Start und beim Abstellen am grössten sind, müssen kurze Brenerlaufzeiten vermieden werden. Dementsprechend ist das Wasservolumen des äusseren Mantelraums zu bemessen. Das relativ kleine Wasservolumen des inneren Mantelraums 17 kann rasch auf Betriebstemperatur gebracht werden. Konzentrisch zum vorzugsweise zylindrischen Doppelmantel 15 ist ein weiterer zylindrischer Wassermantel 27 angeordnet. Der innere Mantelraum 17 ist mit dem Wassermantel 27 über eine Leitung 28 in Serie geschaltet, um Kondenswasserbildung und Korrosionsprobleme zu vermeiden. Der Wassermantel 27 ist an der Rückwand 29 des Wärmeaustauschraums 13 befestigt und erstreckt sich nur über einen Teil der Länge, z.B. der Hälfte, des Wärmeaustauschraums 13. Der vordere Teil 31 des Wärmeaustauschraums 13 stellt daher einen Brennraum mit relativ grossem Durchmesser dar, der sich speziell für moderne Vergasungsbrenner mit stark expandierender Flamme eignet. Der Zwischenraum zwischen dem Doppelmantel 15 und dem weiteren Wassermantel 27 besitzt hinten einen Rauchgasauslass 33, der durch eine Rauchgasklappe 39 verschliessbar ist. Der vom weiteren Wassermantel 27 umgebene Innenraum 35 besitzt einen Rauchgasauslass 37. Dem Antrieb der Rauchgasklappe 39 dient ein Solenoid oder ein Motor 41. Bei der Verwendung des Heizkessels mit einem einstufigen Brenner ist ein Antrieb überflüssig. Die Rauchgasklappe wird dann manuell in die Lage gebracht, in welcher die Abgastemperatur den optimalen Wert aufweist. Konzentrisch zum weiteren Wassermantel 27 ist ein hohlzylinderförmiger Kernkörper 43 angeordnet. Dieser ist vorn durch eine Platte 45 aus feuerfestem Material verschlossen. Bei einem Zerstäuberbrenner dient die Platte 45 als Verbrennungshilfe. An der heissen Oberfläche können etwaige auftreffende Oeltröpfchen verdampfen, worauf das entstehende Gas praktisch ohne Bildung von Schadstoffen verbrennt. Auch der hintere Teil ist vorteilhaft durch eine Scheibe 47 abgeschlossen. Im Mantel 49 befindet sich eine Vielzahl von Oeffnungen 51. Im Hohlraum 50 befindet sich eine Füllung 52 aus Steinwolle oder dergleichen. Dadurch wird eine Schalldämpfung erreicht und ein unerwünschter Wärmetransfer zum Auslass 33 weitgehend verhindert. Sowohl im Zwischenraum 53 als auch im Zwischenraum 55 ist ein schraubenförmiger Rauchgaskanal 54 bzw. 56 ausgebildet. Diese Rauchgaskanäle 54, 56 bestehen aus einem schraubenförmig gewundenen Blechstreifen, welcher die Form eines Einsatzes hat. Die Steigung des schraubenförmig gewundenen Blechstreifens nimmt von vorn nach hinten ab, so dass auch der Querschnitt des Rauchgaskanals von vorn nach hinten abnimmt. Die Windungen des Blechstreifens sind mit Distanzhaltern, z.B. Stäbe (nicht ein-gezeichnet), miteinander verbunden.1 shows a
Aus der Figur 1 ist auch die Verwendung des Heizkessels 10 in einer Heizanlage ersichtlich. Vom vorderen Ende des äusseren Mantelraums 19 führt der Vorlauf 59 zu einem Mischventil 61 und von dort über die Umwälzpumpe 63 zu den Verbrauchern 65. Der Rucklauf 67 wird am hinteren Ende des Heizkessels des äusseren Mantelraums 19 zugeführt. Ein Bypass 70 führt vom Rücklauf 67 zum Mischventil 61.The use of the
Vom weiteren Wassermantel 27 führt eine Vorlaufleitung 71 zur Wärmetauscherschlange 73 des Boilers 75. Die Rücklaufleitung 77 von der Wärmetauscherschlange 73 führt über das Ventil 79 und die Pumpe 81 zum inneren Mantelraum 17. Von der Vorlaufleitung 71 ist ein Bypass 83 zum Ventil 79 vorgesehen.A
Mit der Bezugsziffer 85 ist schematisch eine Steuereinrichtung dargestellt, welche die Heizungsanlage steuert.
Die vereinfachte Ausführungsform des Heizkessels gemäss Fig. 2 unterscheidet sich von jener der Fig. 1 dadurch, dass ein weiterer Wassermantel und ein weiterer Rauchgasauslass mit einer Rauchgasklappe fehlt. Dafür hat der Kernkörper 43 einen grösseren Durchmesser. Dieser Durchmesser entspricht dem Durchmesser des weiteren Wassermantels 27 von Fig. 1. Der Heizkessel von Fig. 2 kann daher praktisch mit den gleichen Teilen gebaut werden wie der Heizkessel von Fig. 1, was sich günstig auf die Produktionskosten und die Ersatzteilhaltung auswirkt. Da der weitere Wassermantel 27 von Fig. 1 weggelassen wurde, führt bei der Ausführungsform von Fig. 2 die Vorlaufleitung 71 vom inneren Mantelraum 17 zur Wärmetauscherschlange 73. Im übrigen ist die Heizanlage gleich ausgestaltet wie in Fig. 1, so dass auf die diesbezügliche Beschreibung verwiesen werden kann.The simplified embodiment of the boiler according to FIG. 2 differs from that of FIG. 1 in that a further water jacket and a further flue gas outlet with a flue gas flap are missing. For this purpose, the
Es sind verschiedene Aenderungen möglich, ohne vom Erfindungsgedanken abzuweichen. So ist beispielsweise auch eine Kesselkonstruktion mit vertikaler Bauweise möglich.Various changes are possible without deviating from the inventive concept. For example, a boiler construction with a vertical construction is also possible.
Zur Wirkungsweise der Heizanlage von Fig. 1 wird noch folgendes bemerkt:The following is also noted regarding the mode of operation of the heating system in FIG. 1:
Bei der Kesselaufladung läuft der Brenner mit Vollast. Relativ kühles Wasser wird von der Pumpe 81 in den inneren Mantelraum 17 gepumpt und über den ganzen Mantelraum ziemlich rasch und gleichmässig verteilt. Es findet eine rasche Vorerhitzung statt, worauf das Wasser in den inneren Wassermantel 27 strömt, dort weiter erhitzt wird und zurück zur Wärmetauschschlange 73 des Boilers 75 fliesst. Im Boiler 75 wird Wärmetausch das Brauchwasser erhitzt. Wenn die Steuerung 85 Wärmeerzeugung für die Raumheizung verlangt, läuft die Pumpe 81 auch, wenn der Boiler 75 nicht aufgeladen werden muss. Da aber das im inneren Wassermantel erhitzte Wasser über den Bypass 83 strömt, gelangt es ohne merklichen Wärmeverlust in den inneren Mantelraum 17. Von dort wird die Wärme, welche aus dem inneren Mantelraum 17 stammt oder aus dem Wärmetauschraum 13 direkt auf die Innenwandung 23 übertragen wird, über die Mittelwandung 21 auf den äusseren Mantelraum 19 übertragen, in welchem wegen des Betriebs der Umwälzpumpe 63 Zirkulation herrscht, welche den Wärmeaustausch begünstigt.When charging the boiler, the burner runs at full load. Relatively cool water is pumped into the
Claims (49)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT90810472T ATE75024T1 (en) | 1989-06-26 | 1990-06-22 | BOILER. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH236489 | 1989-06-26 | ||
CH2364/89 | 1989-06-26 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0406173A2 true EP0406173A2 (en) | 1991-01-02 |
EP0406173A3 EP0406173A3 (en) | 1991-02-06 |
EP0406173B1 EP0406173B1 (en) | 1992-04-15 |
Family
ID=4232065
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90810472A Expired - Lifetime EP0406173B1 (en) | 1989-06-26 | 1990-06-22 | Boiler |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0406173B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE75024T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU5832890A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2033988A1 (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ281126B6 (en) |
DD (1) | DD295904A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE59000086D1 (en) |
HU (1) | HU209911B (en) |
PL (1) | PL164910B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1991000481A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1398579A1 (en) * | 2002-09-05 | 2004-03-17 | Thermital Spa | Condensation boiler with a high modulation ratio |
CZ307508B6 (en) * | 2012-08-09 | 2018-10-31 | Krajčová Renata | A boiler wall formed by a system of shells |
CZ308311B6 (en) * | 2012-08-09 | 2020-05-06 | KRAJČOVÁ, Renata | Circulating boiler for combined heat and steam production |
WO2015024538A1 (en) | 2013-08-19 | 2015-02-26 | KRAJČOVÁ, Renata | Circulatory heating boiler for combined production of heat, steam and electric energy |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR542897A (en) * | 1921-10-29 | 1922-08-23 | Independent boiler for central heating | |
DE384415C (en) * | 1922-12-14 | 1923-11-17 | Jakob Zirn | Heating boiler |
GB414480A (en) * | 1933-05-06 | 1934-08-09 | Radiation Ltd | Improvements relating to water heaters |
FR1546461A (en) * | 1965-12-06 | 1968-11-22 | heat exchanger with independent water circuits | |
DE1601224A1 (en) * | 1967-10-14 | 1969-10-02 | Meese Fa Fr | Heat exchanger |
DE1604087A1 (en) * | 1966-06-24 | 1970-08-13 | Weleker Friedrich | Process for the automatic control of the heat transfer rate of gas-heated devices |
FR2257874A1 (en) * | 1974-01-15 | 1975-08-08 | Passat As Maskinfab | Central heating boiler using straw bales as fuel - has doors which open to free whole cross section of chamber |
DE3604842A1 (en) * | 1986-02-15 | 1987-08-20 | Kloeckner & Co Kgaa Zweigniede | Heating boiler |
-
1990
- 1990-06-21 PL PL90285725A patent/PL164910B1/en unknown
- 1990-06-22 EP EP90810472A patent/EP0406173B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-06-22 WO PCT/CH1990/000150 patent/WO1991000481A1/en active Application Filing
- 1990-06-22 AU AU58328/90A patent/AU5832890A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-06-22 CA CA002033988A patent/CA2033988A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-06-22 AT AT90810472T patent/ATE75024T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-06-22 HU HU904743A patent/HU209911B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-06-22 DE DE9090810472T patent/DE59000086D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-06-25 DD DD90342042A patent/DD295904A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-06-26 CZ CS903062A patent/CZ281126B6/en unknown
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR542897A (en) * | 1921-10-29 | 1922-08-23 | Independent boiler for central heating | |
DE384415C (en) * | 1922-12-14 | 1923-11-17 | Jakob Zirn | Heating boiler |
GB414480A (en) * | 1933-05-06 | 1934-08-09 | Radiation Ltd | Improvements relating to water heaters |
FR1546461A (en) * | 1965-12-06 | 1968-11-22 | heat exchanger with independent water circuits | |
DE1604087A1 (en) * | 1966-06-24 | 1970-08-13 | Weleker Friedrich | Process for the automatic control of the heat transfer rate of gas-heated devices |
DE1601224A1 (en) * | 1967-10-14 | 1969-10-02 | Meese Fa Fr | Heat exchanger |
FR2257874A1 (en) * | 1974-01-15 | 1975-08-08 | Passat As Maskinfab | Central heating boiler using straw bales as fuel - has doors which open to free whole cross section of chamber |
DE3604842A1 (en) * | 1986-02-15 | 1987-08-20 | Kloeckner & Co Kgaa Zweigniede | Heating boiler |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1991000481A1 (en) | 1991-01-10 |
CZ281126B6 (en) | 1996-06-12 |
CS306290A3 (en) | 1992-01-15 |
EP0406173B1 (en) | 1992-04-15 |
CA2033988A1 (en) | 1990-12-27 |
ATE75024T1 (en) | 1992-05-15 |
EP0406173A3 (en) | 1991-02-06 |
HU209911B (en) | 1994-11-28 |
HUT58410A (en) | 1992-02-28 |
DD295904A5 (en) | 1991-11-14 |
DE59000086D1 (en) | 1992-05-21 |
PL285725A1 (en) | 1991-01-14 |
AU5832890A (en) | 1991-01-17 |
HU904743D0 (en) | 1992-01-28 |
PL164910B1 (en) | 1994-10-31 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE4201972A1 (en) | WATER-TANK | |
DE2104541A1 (en) | Heating for swimming pools | |
DE2054607A1 (en) | Automatic control device for soaking furnaces | |
EP0406173B1 (en) | Boiler | |
DE3143602C2 (en) | Radiant heating system with directly fired combustion chamber | |
DE2257982A1 (en) | WARM-AIR OVEN AND FAN FOR USE IN CONJUNCTION WITH A WARM-AIR OVEN | |
DE2929810A1 (en) | DEVICE FOR HEAT RECOVERY FROM EXHAUST GAS AND HEAT EXCHANGE ELEMENT HERE | |
DE3701439C2 (en) | ||
EP0699878B1 (en) | High efficiency boiler for heating and storing domestic water and heating water | |
DE2504257C2 (en) | Central heating boiler | |
EP0082306B1 (en) | Local heating installation | |
DE2943276A1 (en) | Gas or oil fired water heater - has burner and flow safety flue gas flap divided into independent halves | |
AT340097B (en) | DEVICE FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF A CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEM | |
DE3422298C2 (en) | Heating unit for warm air heating | |
DE3004601A1 (en) | Solid fuel continuous combustion stove - has vertical shaft containing heat exchanger supplying central-heating and hot water systems | |
DE2624617C3 (en) | Burner with heat exchanger | |
DE60106247T2 (en) | WATER HEATER WITH HEATER IN THE COMBUSTION ROOM | |
EP0099505B1 (en) | Central heating | |
DE10055053C1 (en) | Wood pellet-fired heater for domestic use has heat-exchanger downstream of combustion chamber, with coiled tube on vertical axis | |
DE69928324T2 (en) | Central heating boilers | |
DE3110740C2 (en) | ||
DE2653973B2 (en) | Flue gas heated water heater | |
AT377353B (en) | AIR RADIATOR | |
AT221762B (en) | Heating device for heating air and water at the same time | |
EP0059898A2 (en) | Method for using a hot water central heating system with a separated flue gas heat exchanger |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19901229 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19910425 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Effective date: 19920415 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 19920415 Ref country code: ES Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY Effective date: 19920415 Ref country code: DK Effective date: 19920415 |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 75024 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19920515 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 59000086 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19920521 |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) | ||
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed | ||
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
EPTA | Lu: last paid annual fee | ||
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Payment date: 19960601 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 19960619 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 19960627 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 19960628 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 19960630 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 19960711 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Payment date: 19960729 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 19960731 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19970622 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19970622 Ref country code: AT Effective date: 19970622 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19970630 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19970630 Ref country code: BE Effective date: 19970630 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: FULLEMANN PATENT A.G. Effective date: 19970630 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Effective date: 19980101 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19970622 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19980227 |
|
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 19980101 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19980303 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20050622 |