Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
  • C11D17/0008—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties aqueous liquid non soap compositions
  • C11D17/0017—Multi-phase liquid compositions
  • C11D17/0021—Aqueous microemulsions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/43—Solvents

Definitions

• This invention relates to cleaner/degreaser compositions and, more particularly, to stable, aqueous, builder-containing cleaner/degreaser compositions in the form of true microemulsions which exhibit enhanced cleaning and degreasing capability.
• Such conventional compositions are generally deficient in cleaning action and especially in heavy duty grease, oil, wax, etc. cutting action, often smell objectionably strongly of volative solvent and can sometimes present conbustability problems in concentrated form. They also tend to be harsh on the hands and to defat the skin. Further, heavy scrubbing, mopping or other mechanical action is generally required to attain the desired cleaning/degreasing action, especially where excessive
• Aqueous Cleaner/Degreaser Compositions which are formulated in the form of totally water soluble solutions.
• Such compositions comprise (a) at least one sparingly water soluble organic solvent having certain defined characteristics; (b) a solubilizing additive consisting of from 0.1 to approximately 100 weight percent of a surfactant and from 0 to approximately 99.9 weight percent of a coupler, the solubilizing additive being present in an amount not exceeding approximately tenfold that required to completely solubilize the organic solvent; and (c) water.
• compositions containing infinitely water soluble organic solvents exhibit markedly superior cleaning/ degreasing efficacy over that achievable with compositions containing infinitely water soluble organic solvents, problems are encountered in incorporating builders therein to further enhance their cleaning/ degreasing capability due to the "salting out" characteristics of conventional builders.
• SUBSTITUTE SHEET this type which incorporate organic solvents of inherently limited aqueous solubility; the provision of such compositions which are nontoxic, nonhazardous in use and exhibit a low level of odor; the provision of such compositions which avoid soil redeposition and inhibit metal corrosion; and the provision of such improved builder-containing compositions which may be readily formulated from available components.
• the present invention is directed to stable, aqueous cleaner/degreaser compositions which are formulated in the form of true microemulsions.
• the compositions comprise: (a) at lease one sparingly water soluble organic solvent characterized by:
• a solubilizing additive consisting of from approximately 0.1 to approximately 100 weight percent of a surfactant and from 0 to approximately 99.9 weight percent of a coupler, said solubilizing additive being present in an amount not substantially exceeding the amount required
• SUBSTITUTE SHEET to transform the combination of said organic solvent and said builder from the form of a true macroemulsion to the form of a microemulsion and less than that required to form a true solution; and (d) water.
• compositions of the invention exhibit improved cleaner/ degreaser efficacy over compositions which contain no builder component.
• improved builder-containing aqueous cleaner/ degreaser compositions can be formulated in the form of stable microemulsions by combining at least one sparingly water soluble organic solvent having certain characteristics and being present in an amount exceeding its aqueous solubility with a builder, a solubilizing additive and water, the solubilizing additive being present in an amount not substantially exceeding the amount required to transform the combination of said organic solvent and said builder from the form of a true macroemulsion to the form of a microemulsion and less than that required to form a true solution.
• microemulsion compositions in accordance with the present invention that the solubilizing additive be present in an amount not substantially exceeding that required to transform the combination of the organic solvent and builder from the form of a true macroemulsion to the form of a microemulsion and less than that required to form a
• SUBSTITUTE SHEET microemulsions of the invention are clear and exhibit the Tyndall effect. It is believed that the aqueous phase of the microemulsions contains the dissolved builder. Due to the limited aqueous solubility of the organic solvents employed in the practice of the invention, it is unexpected that true microemulsions are formed.
• microemulsion compositions of the invention provide additional advantages not conferred by cleaning/degreasing compositions which contain no builder component.
• a builder component in the microemulsion compositions of the invention provides additional advantages not conferred by cleaning/degreasing compositions which contain no builder component.
• such microemulsions not only achieve an enhanced cleaning/ degreasing efficacy but, moreover, they avoid soil redeposition and generally inhibit metal corrosion.
• the compositions of the invention are particularly useful for cleaning/degreasing metallic surfaces.
• microemulsions are more cost effective in their formulation since they generally contain lower amounts of the organic solvent component than do non-builder formulations.
• the present invention permits the practical and effective use of normally hydrophobic (oliophilic) solvents in builder-containing compositions, which solvents have great affinity for and dissolving action against oleophilic soilants.
• the sparingly water soluble organic solvent must have the following characteristics:
• organic solvents include esters, alchohols, ketones, aldehydes, ethers and nitriles. These will generally contain one or more of the desired similar or dissimilar functional groups listed above. Examples of organic solvents containing similar
• the organic solvent have a relatively low volatility or high flash point, exhibit a low level of odor, be chemically stable, nontoxic, nonhazardous and commercially available.
• SUBSTITUTE SHEET invention (and comprising some of the solvents listed above) together with their aqueous ambient temperature solubility in wt.% include 2-phenoxyethanol (2.3) (marketed under the trade designation "Dowanol EPh”), l-phenoxy-2- propanol (1.1) (marketed under the trade designation
• Dowanol PPh "Dowanol PPh"), -phenylethanol (1.6), acetophenone (0.5), benzyl alcohol ⁇ 4.4) , benzonitrile (1.0), n-butyl acetate (0.7), n-amyl acetate (0.25), benzaldehyde (0.3), N,N-di- ethylaniline (1.4), diethyl adipate (0.43), dimethyl-o- phthalate (0.43), n-amyl alcohol (2.7), N-phenylmorpholine (1-0), n-butoxyethyl acetate (EB acetate) (1.1), cyclo- hexanol (4.2), polypropylene glycol 1200 (2), cyclohexanone (2.3), isophorone (1.2), methylisobutyl ketone (2.0), methylisoamyl ketone (0.5), tri-n-butylphosphate (0.6), 1-nitropropane
• the above-listed sparingly water soluble organic solvents are merely illus ⁇ trative and various other solvents meeting the criteria set out above may also be utilized in the practice of the inven ⁇ tion. Because of their performance characteristics, lack of odor, low volatility/high flash point, chemical stability and availability, 2-phenoxyethanol and l-phenoxy-2-propanol are the preferred organic solvents of choice. N-butoxyethyl acetate (EB acetate) and the dimethyl esters of mixed succinic, glutaric and adipic acids are also among the pre ⁇ ferred organic solvents.
• EB acetate N-butoxyethyl acetate
• dimethyl esters of mixed succinic, glutaric and adipic acids are also among the pre ⁇ ferred organic solvents.
• a number of otherwise potent organic solvents having an aqueous solubility of less than approxi ⁇ mately 0.2 weight percent such as 2-(2-ethylhexoxy)ethanol (2-ethylhexyl cellosolve) having an aqueous solubility of only 0.095 wt.%, and 2,6-dimethyl -4-heptanone (diisobutyl ketone) (aq. sol. 0.05 wt. %), and organic solvents having
• SUBSTITUTE SHEET an aqueous solubility in excess of approximately 6 weight percent such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (aq. sol. 16.5 wt.%), ethylene glycol diacetate (aq. sol. 14.3 wt.%), propylene carbonate (aq. sol. 19.6 wt.%) and N-methyl pyrrolidone (infinite aq. sol.) are not useful in the practice of the invention.
• aqueous cleaner/ degreaser compositions of the invention in the form of microemulsions, an organic solvent meeting the required criteria is combined with a builder, a solubilizing additive and water.
• a builder is a material that enhances or maintains the cleaning efficiency of surfactants and functions by inactivating water hardness, supplying alkalinity to assist cleaning, providing buffering to maintain alkalinity, pre ⁇ venting removed soil from redepositing during washing, and emulsifying oily and greasy soils. Any of the conventional builders known to the art may be used in the practice of the invention.
• silicates such as alkali metal silicates and metasilicates, alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, bicarbonates and sesquicarbonates, phosphates such as alkali metal phosphates, pyrophosphates, tripolyphosphates, hexametaphosphates and tetraphosphates, borax and alkali metal borates.
• builders which may be used in the practice of the invention may be mentioned sodium hydroxide, sodium metasilicate, sodium silicate (Na 2 0:2Si0 2 or Na 2 0:3Si ⁇ 2)# sodium carbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, borax, trisodium phosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphos- phate, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium tetraphosphate, and sodium perborate.
• Other builders known to the art may also be used.
• the builder component will generally constitute from approximately 0.25 to 10.0 wt.% of the total composition.
• the solubilizing additive component of the compositions of the invention consists of from
• SUBSTITUTE SHEET approximately 0.1 to approximately 100 weight percent of a surfactant and from 0 to approximately 99.9 weight percent of a coupler and the solubilizing additive is present in the formulated composition in an amount necessary to form a microemulsion, i.e. an amount not substantially exceeding the amount required to transform the combination of the organic solvent and builder components from the form of a true macroemulsion to the form of a microemulsion and less than that required to form a true solution.
• the amount of solubilizing additive employed is just suffi ⁇ cient to form a microemulsion.
• the amount of solubilizing additive (surfactants or surfactant plus coupler) required to effect the formation of a microemulsion will vary depending upon the particular organic solvent and builder employed and can readily be determined by simple experi ⁇ mentation in each instance.
• the solubilizing additive used in the practice of the invention may consist of a surfactant or a surfactant in combination with a coupler.
• the term "coupler” is intended to mean a hydrotrope or a substance that increases the solubility in water of another material which is only partially water soluble, such as organic solvents or surfactants.
• organic solvents or surfactants such as organic solvents or surfactants.
• the use of a surfactant alone will suffice to render the organic solvent component of the compositions just completely (microcolloid- ally) soluble while in other instances the use of a surfac ⁇ tant in combination with a coupler may be utilized to achieve the desired microcolloidal solubilization of the organic solvent, i.e.
• microcolloidal solubilization meaning to transform the combination of the organic solvent and builder from a true macroemulsion to the form of a microemulsion.
• a surfactant alone or the combination of a surfactant and coupler is to be used is dependent upon the particular organic solvent and surfactant employed and can readily be determined in each particular case by simple experimentation.
• Illustrative anionic surfactants for use in the invention include dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, potassium dodecylbenzene sulfonate,triethanolamine dodecylbenzene sulfonate, morpholinium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, ammonium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, isopropylamine dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium tridecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium dinonylbenzene sulfonate, potassium didodecylbenzene sulfonate, dodecyl diphenyloxide disulfonic acid, sodium dodecyl diphenyloxide disulfonate, isopropylamine decyl diphenyloxide disulfonic acid, sodium dodecyl diphenyloxid
• nonionic surfactants which may be employed may be mentioned octylphenoxypoly(ethyleneoxy)- (ll)ethanol, nonylphenoxypoly(ethyleneoxy)(13)ethanol, dodecylphenoxypoly(ethyleneoxy)(10)ethanol, polyoxyethylene (12) lauryl alcohol, polyoxyethylene (14) tridecyl alcohol, lauryloxypoly(ethyleneoxy)(10)ethyl methyl ether, undecyl- thiopol (ethyleneoxy)(12)ethanol, methoxypoly(oxyethylene- (10)/(oxypropylene(20))-2-propanol block copolymer,
• Other known nonionic surfactants may likewise be used.
• Illustrative useful cationic surfactants include a mixture of n-alkyl (C 12 50%, C 14 30%, C 16 17%, C 18 3%) dimethyl ethylbenzyl ammonium chlorides, hexadecyltrimethyl- ammonium methosulfate, didecyldimethylammonium bromide and a mixture of n-alkyl (68% C 12 , 32 * c 14 ⁇ dimethyl benzyl ammonium chlorides.
• amphoteric surfactants include cocamidopropyl betaine, sodium palmityloamphopro- pionate, N-coco beta-aminopropionic acid, disodium N-lauryl- iminodipropionate, sodium coco imidazoline amphoglycinate and coco betaine.
• Other cationic and amphoteric surfactants known to the art may also be utilized.
• the preferred surfactants for general use in the practice of the invention include dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid and the sodium, potassium, triethanolamine, morpho ⁇ linium, ammonium and isopropylamine salts thereof, and morpholinium tallate.
• the couplers which may be utilized in the practice of the invention include sodium benzene sulfonate, sodium toluene sulfonate, sodium xylene sulfonate, potassium ethylbenzene sulfonate, sodium cumene sulfonate, sodium octane-1-sulfonate, potassium dimethylnaphthalene sulfonate, ammonium xylene sulfonate, sodium n-hexyl diphenyoxide disulfonate, sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate, ammonium
• SUBSTITUTE SHEET n-butoxyethyl sulfate, sodium 2-ethylhexanoate, sodium pelargonate, sodium n-butoxymethyl carboxylate, potassium mono/di phenoxyethyl phosphate, sodium mono/di n-butoxyethyl phosphate, triethanolamine trimethylolpropane phosphate, sodium capryloamphopropionate, disodium capryloiminodipro- pionate, and sodium capro imidazoline amphoylycinate.
• couplers such as propylene glycol ethers (e.g. tripropyleneglycol monomethyl ether) can be used in the practice of the invention, but cannot be substituted for the sparingly water soluble organic solvent component. Additional couplers or hydrotropes known to the art may also be utilized.
• solubilizing additive component of the compositions of the invention it will be understood that one or more surfactants from one or more compatible classes of surfactants may be employed or utilized in a mixed solubilizing surfactant system.
• a combination of compatible anionic and nonionic surfactants may be employed.
• a combination of compatible couplers may also be used as may a combination of one or more compatible surfactants from different classes of surfactants together with one or more couplers.
• one may use a combination of blended surfactants and couplers to achieve the desired minimal solvent solubilization.
• the compatibility of the various surfactants and of the various couplers with each other and in combination can be readily determined by simple experimentation.
• a mixture of the sparingly soluble organic solvents may be employed in formulating the compositions of the invention.
• each of the solvents should have nearly the same approximate water solubility so that they will solubilize in water at approximately the same point upon addition of the solubilizing additive.
• SUBSTITUTE SHEET various optional adjuvants can be incorporated. These include chelants such as the sodium salts of ethylenedi- aminetetraacetic acid (Hampene 100 or Versene 100), thickeners such as carboxy acrylic polymers (Carbopol 940) or acrylic acid/alkyl methacrylate copolymers (Acrysol ICS-1) , fragrances, dyes, pH adjustants, defoaming agents, anti-corrosion additives and anti-rust additives. To prevent flash rusting when the compositions are used to clean and/or degrease metal surfaces, an anti flash-rusting additive such as an alkanolamine (e.g., mono-, di- or triethanolamine) may be incorporated.
• alkanolamine e.g., mono-, di- or triethanolamine
• the various components as brought together may first form an oily suspension which becomes an emulsion upon the addition of a surfactant/coupler, and is then finally transformed into a microemulsion through the addition of the final portion of the solubilizing coupler.
• a surfactant/coupler For example, 2.0 wt. % sodium metasilicate, 7.5 wt. % l-phenoxy-2-propanol, 2.5 wt. % tripropyleneglycol monomethyl ether and 76.4 wt. % soft water are stirred to form an oily suspension having a pH of 13.3.
• % dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid is added with stirring to form a creamy white emulsion having a pH of 13.1.
• 7.2 wt. % sodium xylene sulfonate (40%) is then added with stirring whereupon some slight lightening of the emulsion occurs.
• the addition of 1.8 wt. % sodium xylene sulfonate (40%) causes the emulsion to become still lighter but it remains opaque.
• 0.2 wt. % sodium xylene sulfonate (40%) with stirring the white emulsion is transformed into a bluish microcolloidal microemulsion having a pH of 13.05.
• microemulsions of the invention can also be formulated by combining the various components together in different sequence to transform any emulsion formed into a microemulsion.
• the addition of an excess of the solubilizing additive to the formulation will cause the microemulsion to be converted
• the concentration of the aqueous cleaner/degreaser solution refers, respectively, to the combined percentages of nonvolatile components and to the sum total of nonaqueous volatile and nonvolatile components.
• the term “cloud point” indicates the temperature below which the composition exists as a clear, single phase microemulsion and above which phase separation (hetero ⁇ geneity) occurs.
• a composition should preferably have a cloud point in excess of, for example 50°C, to have a viably safe, storage-stable shelf life under hot, summertime warehouse conditions.
• compositions of the invention provide enhanced cleaning/degreasing efficacy over that achievable with compositions containing no builder or with available builder-containing compositions formulated in the form of total solutions.
• compositions of the present invention were subjected as indicated to the definitive, semiquantitative degreasing test method described below in order to measure their cleaning/degreasing efficacy.
• a magnetic stirrer (Fisher Scientific Co., Catalog No. 14-511-1A) provided with a vaned disc magnetic stir bar (7/8" (diameter) x 5/8" (height), 22 mm x 15 mm. Fisher Scientific Co., Catalog No. 14-511-98C) was used. In each instance, pre-cleaned, borosilicate glass microslides (3" x
• the stirring disc was positioned off-center to accomodate each microslide, touching neither the beaker walls nor the microslide and rotating freely when in use.
• the beaker containing the stirrer bar was filled to 40 ml. with the test cleaning/degreasing solution at the indicated concentration, placed atop the magnetic stirrer plate, and positioned off-center to accomo ⁇ date the glass microslide, and yet allow the vaned disc stirrer bar to rotate or spin freely.
• the stirrer was turned on, the dial adjusted manually to the "3" stirring rate setting and the Vaseline thin film coated glass micro- slide was introduced into the test solution bath in such a manner that the coated side faced upward and was positioned away from the stirrer bar.
• the time "0" was noted immediately on a watch or clock with a sweep second hand.
• the glass microslide was briefly removed from the cleaner/degreaser solution bath and immediately “read” for "% Vaseline removed from the 1.0" x 1.0" treated area", an objective determina- ion, after which the microslide was immediately returned to
• the duration of the degreasing test is determined by the time needed for complete, 100% removal of the Vaseline film from the glass microslide surface. 5
• the accuracy of the above-described test method is of the order of + 5% as determined by replicate run averaging.
• Example 2 An aqueous, cleaner/degreaser formulation in the 10 form of a microemulsion was prepared having the following composition:
• the sodium metasilicate was dissolved in water with stirring.
• the monoethanolamine, l-phenoxy-2-propanol and dodecyl ⁇ benzenesulfonic acid were added and stirring of the resultant emulsion/suspension was continued until the emulsion gradu ⁇ ally cleared to produce an irridescent (blue) microemulsion.
• the microemulsion had a pH of 12.65, a total solids content of 2.5% and a total actives content of 7.3%. Upon heating, the microemulsion remained irridescent to 50°C, then devel ⁇ oped more turbidity up to 75°C and became a clear, colorless aqueous solution above about 75°C. It exhibited no cloud
• composition readily removed the following soilant markings from alkyd enameled metal surfaces: black
• Example 2 was repeated in formulating an aqueous cleaner/degreaser microemulsion having the following composition:
• the composition was a bluish, irridescent microemulsion having a pH of 12.5, a total solids content of 4.4% and a total actives content of 8.4%.
• the composi ⁇ tion remained an irridescent microemulsion to 48°C, became a turbid emulsion between 48-59°C and a clear, colorless solution above about 60°C.
• Example 4 Example 2 was repeated in formulating an agueous, cleaner/degreaser microemulsion having the following composition:
• composition was a bluish, irridescent microemulsion having a pH of 12.6, a total solids content of 3.98% and a total actives content of 7.98%. Upon heating, the composition remained an irridescent microemulsion to 39°C and became a clear, colorless solution above about 39°C. It exhibited no cloud point to 100°C.
• Example 5 Example 2 was repeated in formulating an aqueous, cleaner/degreaser microemulsion having the following compo ⁇ sition:
• the composition was a pale yellow, irridescent microemulsion having a pH of 12.5, a total solids content of 3.4% and a total actives content of 7.4%.
• the composi- tion remained an irridescent microemulsion to 50°C and became a clear solution at temperatures above 50°C. It exhibited no cloud point.
• Example 6 Example 2 was repeated in formulating an aqueous, cleaner/degreaser microemulsion having the following composition:
• the composition was a bluish, irridescent microemulsion having a pH of 12.65, a total solids content of 4.6% and a total actives content of 9.1%. Upon heating, the composition remained an irridescent microemulsion to 51.5°C, was turbid in the range 50-60°C, and was a clear, colorless solution above about 60°C.
• SUBSTITUTE SHEET The composition effected 100% removal of the markings set forth in Example 2 with slight smudging and also effected 100% removal of four coats of "Buckeye Citation" floor finish as in Example 2.
• the composition was subjected to the degreasing test method of Example 1 with the following results: 20% removal of grease at 30 sec. 35% removal of grease at 1.0 min. 60% removal of grease at 2.0 min. 90% removal of grease at 3.0 min.
• Example 7 A control composition was prepared by combining the following components in the amounts indicated: Component Wt. %
• the composition was a clear, essentially colorless solution containing no builder component. It had a pH of 11.7, a total solids content of 1.844% and a total actives content of 7.344%. It exhibited no cloud point to 100°C.
• composition quite easily removed the following percentages of the markings set forth in Example 2 from alkyd enameled metal surfaces: 85-90% removal of black Magic Marker felt pen
• composition was subjected to the degreasing test method of Example 1 with the following results: 10-15% removal of grease at 15 sec.
• aqueous, cleaner/degreaser formulation in the form of a microemulsion was prepared having the following composition: Component W l-Phenoxy-2-propanol (Dowanol PPh)
• SUBSTITUTE SHEET had a pH of 12.1, a total solids content of 2.22% and a total actives content of 7.12%. Upon heating, the microemulsion remained irridescent to 37°C. and became a clear, colorless solution above about 37°C. It exhibited no cloud point.
• composition effected 100% removal of the markings set forth in Example 2 with no smudging and also effected 100% removal of four coats of "Buckeye Citation" floor finish as in Example 2.
• This composition was subjected to the degreasing test method of Example 1 with the following results 33% removal of grease at 15 sec. 60% removal of grease at 30 sec. 85-90% removal of grease at 45 sec. 100% removal of grease at 1.0 min.
• Example 9 An aqueous, cleaner/degreaser formulation in the form of a microemulsion was prepared having the following composition:
• SUBSTITUTE SHEET having a bluish, irridescent appearance.
• the microemulsion had a pH of 12.3, a total solids content of 2.24% and a total actives content of 7.74%.
• the micro ⁇ emulsion Upon heating, the micro ⁇ emulsion remained irridescent to 41°C. Above about 41°C it became a clear, colorless solution. It exhibited no cloud point.
• composition effected 100% removal of the markings set forth in Example 2 with very slight tendency to smudge and also effected 100% removal of four coats of "Buckeye Citation" floor finish as in Example 2.
• the microemulsion had a bluish, irridescent appearance, a pH of 12.3, a total solids content of 2.12% and a total actives content of 7.62%. Upon heating, the microemulsion remained irridescent to 44°C and above which it formed a clear, colorless solution. It exhibited no cloud point.
• the composition effected 100% removal of all markings including auto grease as set forth in Example 2 and also effected 100% removal of four coats of "Buckeye Citation" floor finish as in Example 2.
• the composition was subjected to the degreasing test method of Examplel with the following results: 1st attack on greased slide at 1-2 sec. 40% removal of grease at 15 sec. 70-75% removal of grease at 30 sec. 100% removal of greease at 45 sec.
• Example 11 Examples 8 and 9 were repeated in preparing a microemulsion cleaner/degreaser formulation having the following composition: Component Wt. % l-Phenoxy-2-propanol
• the microemulsion had a bluish, irridescent appearance, a pH of 12.4, a total solids contents of 2.22% and a total active content of 7.72% Upon heating, the microemulsion remained irridescent to 52.5°C and became a clear solution above 52,5°C It exhibited no cloud point
• SUBSTITUTE SHEET The composition effected 100% removal of all markings set forth in Example 2 with no smudging and also effected 100% removal of four coats of "Buckeye Citation" floor finish as in Example 2. This composition was subjected to the degreasing test method of Example 1 with the following results: 20-25% removal of grease at 15 sec. 50% removal of grease at 30 sec. 75% removal of grease at 1.0 min. 85-90% removal of grease at 1.5 min.
• Example 12 An aqueous, cleaner/degreaser formulation in the form of a microemulsion was prepared having the following composition:
• tetrapotassium pyro- phosphate All of the above components except tetrapotassium pyro- phosphate were stirred together and the pH adjusted to 7.0 with a trace of sodium sesquicarbonate to obtain a clear, colorless aqueous solution.
• the tetrapotassium pyrophos ⁇ phate was then added as granules and the solution immedi ⁇ ately changed to a bluish, irridescent microemulsion.
• the microemulsion had a pH of 9.11, a total solids content of 2.11% and a total actives content of 6.115%. Upon heating, the microemulsion remained irridescent to 42°C. It exhibited no cloud point to 100°C and no flash point.
• SUBSTITUTE SHEET The composition effected 100%, easy and fast removal of all markings set forth in Example 2.
• Example 13 Example 12 was repeated in preparing a microemulsion cleaner/degreaser formulation having following composition:
• microemulsion formed upon the addition of borax granules to the other components and the slow dissolution of the borax produced a gradual change from a clear, aqueous solution to a bluish, irridescent microemulsion.
• the microemulsion had a pH of 8.93, a total solids content of 2.115% and a total actives content of 6.115%.
• the microemulsion Upon heating, the microemulsion remained irridescent to 38°C, clearing at 38.5°C and becoming a clear, colorless solution above about 39°C. It exhibited no cloud point to 100 ⁇ C and no flash point.
• Example 14 Example 12 was repeated in preparing a microemul ⁇ sion cleaner/degreaser formulation having the following composition:
• the addition of the sodium carbonate in powder form to a clear, colorless aqueous solution of the other components produced the instantaneous development of a bluish, irridescent microemulsion.
• the microemulsion had a pH of 10.75, a total solids content of 2.215% and a total actives content of 6.215%.
• the microemulsion unlike those of Examples 12 and 13, was slightly viscous and had a Brookfield viscosity of 37 cps. at 21°C. Upon heating, the microemulsion remained irridescent to 60.5°C and became a clear, colorless aqueous solution above about 61°C. It exhibited no cloud point to 100°C.
• composition effected 100%, fast removal of all markings set forth in Example 2.
• Example 15 Example 2 was repeated in formulating an aqueous, cleaner/degreaser microemulsion having the following compo ⁇ sition:
• the composition was a faint bluish, microemulsion having a pH of 12.86, a total solids content of 9.8% and a total actives content of 16.2%. It exhibited no cloud content of point to 100°C and no flash point.
• the composition effected 75% removal of black Magic Marker markings from an alkyd enameled steel panel.
• This composition at a 1:2 dilution with water was subjected to the degreasing test method of Example 1 with the following results:
• Example 16 Example 2 was repeated in formulating an aqueous, cleaner/degreaser microemulsion having the following composition:
• the composition was a faint, bluish, colloidal microemulsion having a pH of 13.23, a total solids content of 10.6% and a total actives content of 20.6%. It exhibited no cloud point and no flash point.
• Example 17 Example 2 was repeated in formulating an aqueous having the following composition:
• SUBSTITUTE SHEET The components formed a clear, aqueous solution rather than a microemulsion because the composition included an excess of solubilizing additive over that required to form a micro ⁇ emulsion. At a 1:5 dilution with water, the solution effected 0% removal of black Magic Marker markings from an alkyd enameled steel panel.
• Example 18 Example 2 was repeated in formulating an aqueous microemulsion having the following composition: Component Wt. %
• the organic solvent component propylene glycol mono-t- butuyl ether, has an aqueous solubility of 13.9 wt. % at 21°C.
• the composition was a very faint bluish,
• SUBSTITUTE SHEET colloidal microemulsion having a pH of 13.73, a total solids content of 7.2% and a total actives content of 16.7%. It had a cloud point of 28°C.
• the composition effected 60% removal of black Magic Marker markings from an alkyd enameled steel surface.
• Example 19 Example 2 was repeated in formulating an aqueous, cleaner/degreaser microemulsion having the following composition:
• the composition was a slightly bluish, colloidal micro ⁇ emulsion having a pH 13.62, a total solids content of 10.7% and a total actives content of 20.7%. It had a cloud point of 26°C and no flash point. At a 1:5 dilution with water, the composition effected 100% removal of black Magic Marker markings from an alkyd enameled steel panel.
• Example 20 Example 2 was repeated in formulating an aqueous, cleaner/degreaser microemulsion having the following composition: Component Wt. %
• Chelating agent 5.0 (Hampene 100, 40%)
• the composition was faint bluish microemulsion having a pH of 13.19, a total solids content of 9.3% and a total actives content of 19.3%. It had a cloud point in excess of 100°C and no flash point.
• the composition effected 50% removal of black Magic Marker markings from an alkyd enameled steel panel.
• Example 21 Example 2 was repeated in formulating an aqueous, cleaner/degreaser microemulsion having the following composition: Component Wt. %
• Chelating agent 1.5 (Hampene 100, 40%)
• the composition was a faint bluish microemulsion having a pH of 13.05 a total solids content of 8.7% and a total actives content of 18.2%. It had a cloud point of approxi ⁇ mately 75°C and no flash point.
• the composition effected approximately 95% of black Magic Marker markings from an alkyd enameled steel panel.
• Example 21 was repeated in formulating an aqueous microemulsion containing no builder component and having the following composition:
• the small amount of sodium hydroxide was included to partially neutralize the dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid and cause salt formation.
• the composition was a faint opalescent microemulsion having a pH of 7.0, a total solids content of 5.9% and a total actives content of 15.4%. It had a cloud point in excess of 100°C and exhibited no flash point.
• the composition effected only 0-5% removal of black Magic Marker markings from an alkyd enameled steel panel.
• Example 23 Example 2 was repeated in formulating an aqueous, cleaner/degreaser microemulsion having the following composition:
• the composition was a bluish, opalescent microemulsion having a pH of 11.27, a total solids content of 8.4% and a total actives content of 17.9%. It had a cloud point in excess of 100°C and exhibited no flash point.
• the composition effected 60% removal of black Magic Marker markings from an alkyd enameled steel panel.
• the composition at a 1:2 dilution with water was subjected to the degreasing test method of Example 1 with the following results:
• Example 2 was repeated in formulating an aqueous, cleaner/degreaser microemulsion having the following composition:
• composition was a very faint microemulsion having a pH of 12.73, and a total solids and total actives content of 14.7%. It had a cloud point of 40°C and exhibited no flash point.
• the composition effected 100% removal of black Magic Marker markings from an alkyd enameled steel panel.
• Example 2 was repeated in preparing the following composition containing a highly water soluble organic solvent instead of a sparingly water soluble organic solvent: Component Wt. %
• composition was a clear, very pale yellow solution having a pH of 12.53, a total solids content of 4.4% and a total actives content of 14.4%. It had a cloud point in excess of 100 ⁇ C.
• the composition effected less than 5% removal of black Magic Marker mark ⁇ ings from an alkyd enameled steel panel.
• Example 26 Example 2 was repeated in formulating an aqueous, cleaner/degreaser microemulsion having the following composition:
• the composition was a bluish, irridescent microemulsion having a pH of 12.61, a total solids content of 5.1% and a total actives content of 15.1%. It had a cloud point in excess of 100 ⁇ C and exhibited no flash point.
• composition ef ected 100% removal of black Magic Marker markings from an alkyd enameled steel panel.
• Example 27 Example 2 was repeated in formulating an aqueous cleaner/degreaser microemulsion having the following composition:
• the composition was a faint bluish microemulsion having a pH of 12.74, a total solids content of 6.66% and a total actives content of 16.66%. It had a cloud point of 65°C. At a dilution of 1:5 with water, the composition effected approximately 65% removal of black Magic Marker markings from an alkyd enameled steel panel.
• Example 2 was repeated in formulating an aqueous, cleaner/degreaser microemulsion having the following composition:
• the composition was a light bluish, irridescent micro ⁇ emulsion having a pH of 13.42, a total solids content of 7.04 and a total actives content of 16.04%. It had a cloud point above 100°C and no flash point. At a dilution of 1:5 with water, the composition effected 100% removal of black Magic Marker markings from an alkyd enameled steel panel.
• aqueous, cleaner/degreaser formulation in the form of a microemulsion was prepared having the following composition:
• the sodium metasilicate was dissolved in water with stirring.
• the monoethanolamine was added followed by the addition of the l-phenoxy-2-propanol, tripropyleneglycol monomethyl ether and dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid with stirring. Stirring was continued until a homogeneous emulsion formed.
• the Alkali Surfactant was then added and the emulsion was transformed into a microemulsion after which the defoaming agent was added.
• the resulting micro ⁇ emulsion had a slightly bluish, irridescent appearance, a pH of 12.42, a total solids content of 5.7% and a total actives content of 16.2%. It exhibited a cloud point in excess of 100 ⁇ C.
• the composition at a 1:2 dilution with water was subjected to the degreasing test method of Example 1 with the following results:

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• 1990
  • 1990-06-12 ES ES90910985T patent/ES2100884T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1990-06-12 DE DE69029472T patent/DE69029472T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1990-06-12 JP JP2510224A patent/JP2671234B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1990-06-12 WO PCT/US1990/003317 patent/WO1991000337A1/en active IP Right Grant
  • 1990-06-12 EP EP90910985A patent/EP0479888B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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  • 1990-06-12 CA CA002057027A patent/CA2057027C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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